cōgĭtātum

* * *

cōgĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [contr. from cŏ-ăgito, acc. to Varr. L. L. 6, § 43 Müll.; but more prob. from con and root of aio, Sanscr. ah; cf.: nego, adagium], to pursue something in the mind (cf. agito, II.), i. e.

To consider thoroughly, to ponder, to weigh, reflect upon, think (class. in prose and poetry); constr. absol., with aliquid, de aliquo, or de aliquā re, sic, ita, or a rel. -clause: cogitate cum animis vestris si quid, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4; so Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55; 5, 3, 32; Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64; cf.:

in animo cogitare,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 5:

toto animo,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

coepi egomet mecum Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 4, 2, 8; 1, 1, 19; id. Ad. 5, 3, 22:

placuit tum id mihi. Sic cogitabam: hic, etc.,

id. And. 1, 1, 83; cf. id. Eun. 1, 1, 11; 3, 3, 1; 4, 6, 21; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:

sic cogitabam! fore uti, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

severā fronte curas cogitans (i. e. animo volvens),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 2:

nec, aequum anne iniquum imperet, cogitabit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 291:

quid agam cogito,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 21; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 7 sq.; id. Ad. 4, 2, 30; Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 10; Lucr. 4, 789; cf. id. 4, 782; Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 29:

ad haec igitur cogita, vel potius excogita,

id. Att. 9, 6, 7.—With acc. of person:

Regulum cogita,

think, imagine, picture to yourself, Plin. Ep. 4, 2, 2:

tamquam in eo tragoediae argumento sui oblitus tantum Catonem cogitasset,

Tac. Or. 2:

matrem, patrem, propinquos,

Quint. Decl. 22 fin.; cf.:

o felicem illum, qui non praesens tantum, sed etiam cogitatus emendat,

Sen. Ep. 11, 9.—With two accs.:

quem ultimae gentes castiorem non modo viderunt sed cogitaverunt?

Cic. Balb. 4, 9:

Scipionem, Laelium, avum,

to think of, call to mind, id. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

et majores et posteros cogitate,

Tac. Agr. 32 fin.:

si principem cogitares,

Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 31:

cum Persas cogitaret,

Flor. 2, 8, 2; Sen. Cons. Marc. 3, 4. —

cōgĭtāta, ōrum, n. subst., reflections, thoughts, ideas:

postquam ad judices Ventum est, non potuit cogitata proloqui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 53:

so cogitata (mentis) eloqui,

Cic. Brut. 72, 253:

perficere,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

patefacere,

Nep. Paus. 3, 1:

sapientium,

Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 1:

Naevii,

id. Quint. 29, 90.—Rare in sing.:

quo neque acutius ullius imperatoris cogitatum neque celerius factum usquam legimus,

Nep. Dat. 6, 8.—

Cogitare in, adversus aliquem, with an adv., to think in some way in respect to one, to be disposed towards (very rare): si humaniter et sapienter et amabiliter in me cogitare vis, etc., Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 2:

adversus se,

Suet. Caes. 75 Bremi; cf. with de aliquo:

si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis,

Nep. Hann. 2, 6: ut multi mihi renuntiarent... male eum de me cogitare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; and absol.: male cogitantes, Cato, R. R. praef. 4; cf.:

Karthagini male jam diu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18.—

In respect to a work to be undertaken or a conclusion to be made, to have something in mind, to intend, meditate, design, plan, purpose, etc.

With inf.:

praedium parare,

Cato, R. R. 1, 1; 3, 1; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 163:

cogitat recipere hunc in aedes,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 58:

facere,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46:

recipere me,

Cic. Att. 2, 9, 4:

cenare,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1:

uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 50:

ex fumo dare lucem,

id. A. P. 144:

deducere exercitum,

Suet. Ner. 18 al. —

With acc.:

proscriptiones et dictaturas cogitare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

caedem principis et res novas,

Tac. A. 4, 28 fin.:

cogitatum facinus,

Suet. Tib. 19;

and parricidium,

id. Calig. 12:

mecum rem pulcherrimam,

Curt. 8, 7, 9:

tantum nefas in aliquem,

id. 6, 7, 30; 8, 6, 3; cf.:

si qua cogitarentur, gravius adversus se,

Suet. Caes. 75:

quid bellicosus Cantaber et Scythes cogitet,

what he plots, devises, Hor. C. 2, 11, 2; and so poet. of the (personified) wind:

quid cogitet humidus Auster,

Verg. G. 1, 462 Heyne.—

With ut and subj.:

neque jam, ut aliquid acquireret... cogitabat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59:

quid... viros cogitasse arbitramur? Ut nomen suum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 32; Nep. Dion, 9, 2.—

With de:

cogitavit etiam de Homeri carminibus abolendis,

Suet. Calig. 34:

de reddendā republicā,

id. Aug. 28:

de consciscendā morte,

id. Caes. 36; id. Claud. 31:

de quo,

id. Caes. 9:

cum spiritus coepit de exitu cogitare,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 25, 1.—In epistolary style, with ellipsis,

Of ire:

in Pompeianum cogitabam inde Aeculanum,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 4; 9, 1, 2; id. Fam. 7, 4 init.; id. Att. 2, 8, 2; 5, 15, 3.—

Of manere:

eo die cogitabam in Anagnino, postero autem in Tusculano,

Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; cf.:

ut eo die apud T. Titium in Anagnino manerem. Postridie autem in Laterio cogitabam,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 4 (2, 7, 1).—Hence, *

P. a.: cōgĭtātus, a, um, deliberate:

utrum perturbatione aliquā animi, an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27 B. and K. (al. cogitato).—

cōgĭtātē, adv., with mature reflection, considerately (rare):

tractare rem suam,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 45:

meditari,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 69:

quae vero accurate cogitateque scripsisset,

Cic. Arch. 8, 18.

* * *

* * *

ap-prŏpĕro ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Baiter, Halm, Weissenb.; app-, Merkel, Kayser), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Act., to hasten, accelerate (syn.:

festino, accelero, maturo, volo, provolo, curro, accurro): opus adeo adproperatum est, ut, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9:

quae (res) summā ope adproperata erat,

id. 26, 15; 27, 25: intercisis venis mortem adproperavit, * Tac. A. 16, 14 (cf.:

adcelerare mortem,

Lucr. 6, 773).—With inf. as object:

portasque intrare patentes Appropera,

Ov. M. 15, 584.—

Neutr., to fly, hasten, hurry somewhere:

adde gradum, adpropera,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 3: adproperat, * Ter. And. 3, 1, 17:

eum, ut adproperet, adhorteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10 fin. — Trop.:

ad cogitatum facinus approperare,

Cic. Mil. 15.

ap-prŏpĕro ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Baiter, Halm, Weissenb.; app-, Merkel, Kayser), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Act., to hasten, accelerate (syn.:

festino, accelero, maturo, volo, provolo, curro, accurro): opus adeo adproperatum est, ut, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9:

quae (res) summā ope adproperata erat,

id. 26, 15; 27, 25: intercisis venis mortem adproperavit, * Tac. A. 16, 14 (cf.:

adcelerare mortem,

Lucr. 6, 773).—With inf. as object:

portasque intrare patentes Appropera,

Ov. M. 15, 584.—

Neutr., to fly, hasten, hurry somewhere:

adde gradum, adpropera,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 3: adproperat, * Ter. And. 3, 1, 17:

eum, ut adproperet, adhorteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10 fin. — Trop.:

ad cogitatum facinus approperare,

Cic. Mil. 15.

con-fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a., to form, fashion, fabricate (class., esp. in a trop. signif.).

Prop.:

nidos,

Plin. 10, 32, 47, § 91:

favos et ceras,

id. 11, 5, 4, § 11:

verbum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 7 Müll.; cf. Plin. 37, 12, 74, § 195.—

Trop., to invent, devise, feign, pretend:

dolum inter sese,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 35; cf. id. ib. 47:

lacrimas dolis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 26:

omnia haec,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

falsas causas ad discordiam,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

aliquid criminis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 90; cf.

crimen,

Liv. 40, 8, 7; 40, 42, 4; Suet. Claud. 15:

aliquam probabilem causam,

Liv. 34, 21, 3:

rationes,

Col. 1, 8, 4: fronte confictā, * Quint. 12, 3, 12:

homicidium in se,

to declare one's self guilty of, Dig. 48, 18, 1.—With acc. and inf.:

id cogitatum esse,

Cic. Deiot. 6, 16.— Absol.:

confingere et comminisci,

Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12.

con-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to turn or whirl round, to wheel about, to cause to turn, to turn back, reverse; and with the designation of the terminus in quem, to turn or direct somewhere, to direct to or towards, to move or turn to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.

With a simple acc.:

caelos omnes,

Lucr. 2, 1097; cf.:

in infimo orbe luna convertitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; id. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

minore sonitu quam putaram, orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

manum,

Quint. 11, 3, 100:

reddita inclusarum ex speluncā boum vox Herculem convertit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7:

ter se convertit,

Ov. M. 7, 189:

crines calamistro,

i. e. to curl, Petr. 102, 15 et saep.—

With the designation of the terminus in quem.

By in:

equos frenis in hostes,

Lucr. 5, 1317:

naves in eam partem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 15:

ferrum in me,

Verg. A. 9, 427:

omnium ora atque oculos in aliquem,

Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1 (cf. under B. 1.):

iter in provinciam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

se in Phrygiam,

Nep. Ages. 3, 2 et saep.—Medial:

in fugam nemo convortitur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 83 Fleck.—

By ad:

ad hunc se confestim a Pulfione omnis multitudo convertit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 10:

eam materiam ad hostem,

id. ib. 3, 29:

colla ad freta,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

tum bis ad occasum, bis se convertit ad ortum,

id. ib. 14, 386:

nos ad judicem,

Quint. 11, 3, 157 et saep.—

By contra:

tigna contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5.—

By sub:

cursum sub terras,

Lucr. 5, 654.—

By the dat.:

majus lumen in diem nobis luna,

Lucr. 5, 706.—Medial:

Zephyro convertitur ales Itque super Libyen,

Luc. 9, 689.—

By local adv.:

aspectum facile quo vellent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142.—

By the acc. alone:

se domum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 22.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: convertere signa, aciem, etc., to wheel about, change the direction of a march:

conversa signa in hostes inferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

Romani conversa signa bipartito intulerunt,

id. ib. 1, 25:

reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

to retreat, id. B. C. 1, 46:

cum conversis signis retro in urbem rediretur,

Liv. 8, 11, 4; cf.:

convertunt inde signa,

id. 3, 54, 10 Drak. ad loc. (where Weissenb. ex conj., convellunt):

aciem,

id. 42, 57, 12; so,

aciem in fugam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52. —

Rhet. t. t., of words, to transpose, interchange:

non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis),

Quint. 10, 1, 29.—

Trop.

In gen.:

ut ab eo quod agitur avertat animos, ut saepe in hilaritatem risumve convertat,

Cic. Or. 40, 138; so,

risum in judicem,

id. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

omnem orationem transduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam,

id. ib. 2, 48, 199:

rationem in fraudem malitiamque,

to employ, id. N. D. 3, 31, 78; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114 and 115:

beneficium in injuriam,

Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1 et saep.:

animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77; cf. Liv. 24, 4, 4 and 9: qui eas copias, quas diu simulatione rei publicae comparabant, subito ad patriae periculum converterunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5 fin.:

facultatem dicendi ad hominum perniciem,

Quint. 2, 20, 2 et saep.:

ingenium et studium ad causas agendas,

Tac. Or. 14 et saep.:

se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

Cic. Sull. 5, 17; id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

se ad philosophos,

id. Fin. 5, 3, 7; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 et saep.:

quocumque te animo et cogitatione converteris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

aculeum testimonii sui,

id. Fl. 34, 86:

argumentum,

Gell. 5, 10, 3.—Of turning to the political support of any one:

tota civitas se ad eos convertisse videretur,

Nep. Att. 8, 1; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; Sen. Clem. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

fama hujus rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas,

Liv. 29, 30, 7.— Pass. in mid. sense:

cuncta ad victoris opes conversa,

Tac. H. 3, 44.—In eccl. Lat., to convert to Christianity, etc.:

aliquem ad fidem Christi,

Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 sq. —Esp. freq. of turning or arresting the attention:

illud intellego, omnium ora in me convorsa esse,

Sall. J. 85, 5:

converterat Cn. Pompeii persona totum in se terrarum orbem,

Vell. 2, 31, 1:

proximas (provincias) in se,

Suet. Vesp. 4 al.: nihil opus est, ad continendas custodias plures commilitones converti, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 20 (31), 1:

omnium oculos ad se,

Nep. Alcib. 3, 5.—And with inanimate things as subjects:

cum aliqua iis ampla et honesta res objecta totos ad se convertit et rapit,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—Since the Aug. per. also freq. with a simple acc.:

sive elephas albus volgi converteret ora,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 196; Suet. Calig. 35; cf. Liv. 26, 29, 2:

animos,

id. 29, 26, 5:

homines quaqua iret,

Suet. Tit. 5.—

Pregn., to change the nature of a thing; i. e. to change, alter, transform, turn.

With a simple acc.:

omnes Res ita convortant formas mutentque colores,

Lucr. 2, 1005; cf. id. 1, 678:

omnia,

id. 4, 441:

tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras,

Ov. M. 1, 88:

humanam vicem (venena),

Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

rem,

Cic. Att. 8, 13, 2:

rem publicam,

to bring into disorder, id. Fl. 38, 94:

hunc ordinem,

Quint. 7, 2, 15:

animum avaritiā,

Sall. J. 29, 1:

vitae viam,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26:

studia,

id. A. P. 166 et saep.:

conversi animum vultumque,

Tac. H. 1, 85: castra castris, to change camp with camp (i. e. to establish new camps by constantly removing), Caes. B. C. 1, 81.—

In gram.: casus conversi, = casus obliqui,

the cases which undergo a change of form, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64.—

With ad:

nisi si id putas, non posse jam ad salutem convorti hoc malum,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 48:

poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa,

Cic. Dom. 40, 105:

mater magna, cujus ludi violati, polluti, paene ad caedem et ad funus civitatis conversi sunt,

id. Har. Resp. 11, 24:

quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit,

Nep. Dat. 6, 8.—

With in:

si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur,

Col. 6, 17, 6:

jam ego me convortam in hirudinem,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

deum sese in hominem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 40:

Hecubam in canem,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

terras in freti formam,

Ov. M. 11, 209:

deum (sc. Jovem) in pretium (i. e. aurum),

Hor. C. 3, 16, 8:

vim morbi in quartanam,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1 et saep.:

crimen in laudem,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

amicitiae se in graves inimicitias,

id. Lael. 21, 78; Quint. 12, 1, 2 et saep.—

Of written works, to translate:

converti ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes... nec converti ut interpres, sed ut orator, etc.,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14:

orationes e Graeco,

id. ib. 6, 18:

aliqua de Graecis,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

librum in Latinum,

id. Off. 2, 24, 87; id. Tusc. 3, 14, 29; cf. id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. N. D. 2, 41, 104.—

Neutr., to relurn (rare).

Lit.:

inde (imago) retro rursum redit et convertit eodem,

Lucr. 4, 334 (Lachm. conj. convertitur):

clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit,

Sall. J. 101, 6:

in regnum suum,

id. ib. 20, 4:

convortit Varro,

Sil. 9, 645:

ad me,

Gell. 1, 26, 3.—

Trop.

To return, turn:

in amicitiam atque in gratiam,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 18:

ad sapientiora,

Tac. A. 3, 55.—

To change, turn:

hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat,

Cic. Brut. 38, 141; id. de Or. 3, 29, 114; id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 9, 17:

regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque,

Sall. C. 6, 7 Kritz:

ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia... in miseriam convortet,

id. ib. 52, 27:

ad aliquem, of political support,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50; Tac. A. 12, 18.

con-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to turn or whirl round, to wheel about, to cause to turn, to turn back, reverse; and with the designation of the terminus in quem, to turn or direct somewhere, to direct to or towards, to move or turn to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.

With a simple acc.:

caelos omnes,

Lucr. 2, 1097; cf.:

in infimo orbe luna convertitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; id. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

minore sonitu quam putaram, orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

id. Att. 2, 9, 1:

manum,

Quint. 11, 3, 100:

reddita inclusarum ex speluncā boum vox Herculem convertit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7:

ter se convertit,

Ov. M. 7, 189:

crines calamistro,

i. e. to curl, Petr. 102, 15 et saep.—

With the designation of the terminus in quem.

By in:

equos frenis in hostes,

Lucr. 5, 1317:

naves in eam partem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 15:

ferrum in me,

Verg. A. 9, 427:

omnium ora atque oculos in aliquem,

Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1 (cf. under B. 1.):

iter in provinciam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

se in Phrygiam,

Nep. Ages. 3, 2 et saep.—Medial:

in fugam nemo convortitur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 83 Fleck.—

By ad:

ad hunc se confestim a Pulfione omnis multitudo convertit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 10:

eam materiam ad hostem,

id. ib. 3, 29:

colla ad freta,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

tum bis ad occasum, bis se convertit ad ortum,

id. ib. 14, 386:

nos ad judicem,

Quint. 11, 3, 157 et saep.—

By contra:

tigna contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5.—

By sub:

cursum sub terras,

Lucr. 5, 654.—

By the dat.:

majus lumen in diem nobis luna,

Lucr. 5, 706.—Medial:

Zephyro convertitur ales Itque super Libyen,

Luc. 9, 689.—

By local adv.:

aspectum facile quo vellent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142.—

By the acc. alone:

se domum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 22.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: convertere signa, aciem, etc., to wheel about, change the direction of a march:

conversa signa in hostes inferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

Romani conversa signa bipartito intulerunt,

id. ib. 1, 25:

reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

to retreat, id. B. C. 1, 46:

cum conversis signis retro in urbem rediretur,

Liv. 8, 11, 4; cf.:

convertunt inde signa,

id. 3, 54, 10 Drak. ad loc. (where Weissenb. ex conj., convellunt):

aciem,

id. 42, 57, 12; so,

aciem in fugam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52. —

Rhet. t. t., of words, to transpose, interchange:

non modo mutare quaedam verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogitur (poësis),

Quint. 10, 1, 29.—

Trop.

In gen.:

ut ab eo quod agitur avertat animos, ut saepe in hilaritatem risumve convertat,

Cic. Or. 40, 138; so,

risum in judicem,

id. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

omnem orationem transduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam,

id. ib. 2, 48, 199:

rationem in fraudem malitiamque,

to employ, id. N. D. 3, 31, 78; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114 and 115:

beneficium in injuriam,

Sen. Ben. 2, 13, 1 et saep.:

animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum a vitae pravitate,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77; cf. Liv. 24, 4, 4 and 9: qui eas copias, quas diu simulatione rei publicae comparabant, subito ad patriae periculum converterunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5 fin.:

facultatem dicendi ad hominum perniciem,

Quint. 2, 20, 2 et saep.:

ingenium et studium ad causas agendas,

Tac. Or. 14 et saep.:

se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

Cic. Sull. 5, 17; id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

se ad philosophos,

id. Fin. 5, 3, 7; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 et saep.:

quocumque te animo et cogitatione converteris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

aculeum testimonii sui,

id. Fl. 34, 86:

argumentum,

Gell. 5, 10, 3.—Of turning to the political support of any one:

tota civitas se ad eos convertisse videretur,

Nep. Att. 8, 1; cf. Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; Sen. Clem. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

fama hujus rei convertit ad Masinissam Numidas,

Liv. 29, 30, 7.— Pass. in mid. sense:

cuncta ad victoris opes conversa,

Tac. H. 3, 44.—In eccl. Lat., to convert to Christianity, etc.:

aliquem ad fidem Christi,

Hier. in Philem. 5, 10 sq. —Esp. freq. of turning or arresting the attention:

illud intellego, omnium ora in me convorsa esse,

Sall. J. 85, 5:

converterat Cn. Pompeii persona totum in se terrarum orbem,

Vell. 2, 31, 1:

proximas (provincias) in se,

Suet. Vesp. 4 al.: nihil opus est, ad continendas custodias plures commilitones converti, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 20 (31), 1:

omnium oculos ad se,

Nep. Alcib. 3, 5.—And with inanimate things as subjects:

cum aliqua iis ampla et honesta res objecta totos ad se convertit et rapit,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—Since the Aug. per. also freq. with a simple acc.:

sive elephas albus volgi converteret ora,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 196; Suet. Calig. 35; cf. Liv. 26, 29, 2:

animos,

id. 29, 26, 5:

homines quaqua iret,

Suet. Tit. 5.—

Pregn., to change the nature of a thing; i. e. to change, alter, transform, turn.

With a simple acc.:

omnes Res ita convortant formas mutentque colores,

Lucr. 2, 1005; cf. id. 1, 678:

omnia,

id. 4, 441:

tellus induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras,

Ov. M. 1, 88:

humanam vicem (venena),

Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

rem,

Cic. Att. 8, 13, 2:

rem publicam,

to bring into disorder, id. Fl. 38, 94:

hunc ordinem,

Quint. 7, 2, 15:

animum avaritiā,

Sall. J. 29, 1:

vitae viam,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26:

studia,

id. A. P. 166 et saep.:

conversi animum vultumque,

Tac. H. 1, 85: castra castris, to change camp with camp (i. e. to establish new camps by constantly removing), Caes. B. C. 1, 81.—

In gram.: casus conversi, = casus obliqui,

the cases which undergo a change of form, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64.—

With ad:

nisi si id putas, non posse jam ad salutem convorti hoc malum,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 48:

poena omnis oculorum ad caecitatem mentis est conversa,

Cic. Dom. 40, 105:

mater magna, cujus ludi violati, polluti, paene ad caedem et ad funus civitatis conversi sunt,

id. Har. Resp. 11, 24:

quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit,

Nep. Dat. 6, 8.—

With in:

si antequam tumor discutiatur in suppurationem convertitur,

Col. 6, 17, 6:

jam ego me convortam in hirudinem,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 4:

deum sese in hominem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 40:

Hecubam in canem,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

terras in freti formam,

Ov. M. 11, 209:

deum (sc. Jovem) in pretium (i. e. aurum),

Hor. C. 3, 16, 8:

vim morbi in quartanam,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1 et saep.:

crimen in laudem,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

amicitiae se in graves inimicitias,

id. Lael. 21, 78; Quint. 12, 1, 2 et saep.—

Of written works, to translate:

converti ex Atticis duorum eloquentissimorum nobilissimas orationes... nec converti ut interpres, sed ut orator, etc.,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14:

orationes e Graeco,

id. ib. 6, 18:

aliqua de Graecis,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

librum in Latinum,

id. Off. 2, 24, 87; id. Tusc. 3, 14, 29; cf. id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. N. D. 2, 41, 104.—

Neutr., to relurn (rare).

Lit.:

inde (imago) retro rursum redit et convertit eodem,

Lucr. 4, 334 (Lachm. conj. convertitur):

clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit,

Sall. J. 101, 6:

in regnum suum,

id. ib. 20, 4:

convortit Varro,

Sil. 9, 645:

ad me,

Gell. 1, 26, 3.—

Trop.

To return, turn:

in amicitiam atque in gratiam,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 18:

ad sapientiora,

Tac. A. 3, 55.—

To change, turn:

hoc vitium huic uni in bonum convertebat,

Cic. Brut. 38, 141; id. de Or. 3, 29, 114; id. Fat. 7, 14; cf. id. ib. 9, 17:

regium imperium in superbiam dominationemque,

Sall. C. 6, 7 Kritz:

ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia... in miseriam convortet,

id. ib. 52, 27:

ad aliquem, of political support,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50; Tac. A. 12, 18.

lĭquĕo, līqui or licui, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. rik-, riktas, empty; Zend, ric-, to pour out; Gr. lip- in leipô; cf. linquo], to be fluid or liquid.

Lit. (only in the part. pres.):

lac est omnium rerum liquentium maxime alibile,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 1:

vina liquentia fundere,

Verg. A. 5, 238:

caelum ac terras camposque liquentes,

id. ib. 6, 724:

fluvium liquentem,

id. G. 4, 442.—

Transf., to be clear: polus liquet, Prud. steph. 1, 88. —

Trop., to be clear, manifest, apparent, evident (class., but used for the most part only in the third pers. sing.):

quicquid incerti mihi in animo prius aut ambiguum fuit, Nunc liquet, nunc defaecatum est,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 69:

ut liqueant omnia,

id. Most. 2, 1, 69:

hoc non liquet nec satis cogitatum est, utrum, etc.,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 3:

Protagoras sese negat omnino de deis habere, quod liqueat,

Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29; cf.:

cui (Protagorae) neutrum licuerit, nec esse deos nec non esse,

id. ib. 1, 42, 117:

te liquet esse meum,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 62:

si liquerit eum vivere,

Dig. 29, 3, 2.—In part. pres.:

fidei purae liquentisque (opp. turbidae, ambiguae),

Gell. 18, 5, 11.—

In partic.: non liquet, it doth not appear, a legal formula by which the judge declared that he was unable to decide respecting the guilt or innocence of the accused.—Hence also, in gen., it is not evident, it is doubtful:

non liquere dixerunt (judices),

Cic. Clu. 28, 76:

cum id de quo Panaetio non liquet, reliquis ejusdem disciplinae solis luce videatur clarius,

id. Div. 1, 3, 6:

juravi, mihi non liquere,

Gell. 14, 2, 25:

non liquet mihi,

Quint. 9, 3, 97.—So, on the contrary, liquet:

cum causam non audisset, dixit sibi liquere,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 29:

quid maxime liquere judici velit,

Quint. 3, 6, 12:

de quo liquet,

id. 3, 6, 35:

si liquebit mundum providentia regi,

id. 5, 10, 14:

mirabatur, id. cuiquam pro percepto liquere, stellas istas non esse plures, etc.,

Gell. 14, 1, 11.

mĕdĭtor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. madh-a, wisdom; Gr. mathos, manthanô, mêdomai; cf.: medeor, re-med-ium, etc.]; act., to think or reflect upon, to muse over, consider, meditate upon; neutr., to think, reflect, muse, consider, meditate; to design, purpose, intend, etc.; constr. with acc., with ad, de, with dat., with inf., with a rel.-clause, or absol. (class.).

Lit.

With acc.:

semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

ea para, meditare, cogita, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

nihil aliud cogitare, meditari, curare nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

forum, subsellia, rostra curiamque,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

fugam ad legiones,

Suet. Tib. 65:

cor tuum meditabitur timorem,

i. e. promote by meditation, Vulg. Isa. 33, 18.—

With ad; ne ad eam rem meditere, Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1:

ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 26.—

With de:

ut de tua ratione meditere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4.—

With dat. (ante-class.):

nugis,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107. —

With inf.:

jam designatus alio incessu esse meditabatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

multos annos regnare meditatus magno labore,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

cum animo meditaretur proficisci in Persas,

Nep. Ages. 4.—

With a rel.-clause:

ea nunc meditabor quo modo illi dicam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 42:

meditabor, quo modo cum illo loquar,

Cic. Att. 9, 17, 1:

quid contra dicerem, mecum ipse meditabor,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

meditare, quibus verbis incensam illius cupiditatem comprimas,

id. Pis. 25, 59.—

Absol.:

multis modis meditatus egomet mecum sum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 1:

egressus ad meditandum in agro,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 63. —

Transf., to meditate, study, exercise one's self in, practise a thing:

nugas est meditatus male,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107:

Demosthenes perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius esse locutus putaretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

Demosthenes in litore meditans,

Quint. 10, 3, 30:

quid Crassus ageret meditandi aut discendi causā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 136:

aut in foro dicere aut meditari extra forum,

id. Brut. 88, 302:

musam,

Verg. E. 1, 2:

arma,

Veg. Mil. 1, 20:

proelia,

Juv. 4, 112.— Transf., of animals:

cervi editos partus exercent cursu, et fugam meditari docent,

to practise flight, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 113.—Of things: semper cauda scorpionis in ictu est: nulloque momento meditari cessat, to move as in readiness to strike, i. e. to threaten, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 87:

semina meditantur aristas,

Prud. Cath. 10, 132; also, to murmur, utter a sad cry:

clamabo, meditabor ut columba,

Vulg. Isa. 38, 14; 59, 11.—

In pass. signif. (in verb. fin. post-class. and very rare):

adulteria meditantur,

Min. Fel. Oct. 25, 1.—But freq. in part. perf.: mĕdĭtā-tus, a, um.

Exercised, practised, instructed (only Plautin.):

cumque huc ad adulescentem meditatum probe mittam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 88:

probe meditatam utramque duco,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 29:

murmura,

Juv. 6, 539.—

Thought upon, meditated, weighed, considered, studied:

meditati sunt doli docte,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 30:

ea, quae meditata et praeparata inferuntur,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

meditatum et cogitatum scelus,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 85:

meditatum cogitatumque verbum,

id. ib. 10, 2, 6:

accuratae et meditatae commentationes,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

doli,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 31: meditata et composita oratio (opp. extemporized), Suet. Aug. 84. — Subst.: mĕdĭtāta, ōrum, n., a carefully prepared speech:

sive meditata sive subita proferret,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—Hence, adv.: mĕdĭtātē, thoughtfully, designedly, intentionally (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

ne tu illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

knowest thoroughly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

hau male meditate male dicax es,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 26:

effundere probra,

Sen. Const. Sap. 11, 3.

mĕdĭtor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. madh-a, wisdom; Gr. mathos, manthanô, mêdomai; cf.: medeor, re-med-ium, etc.]; act., to think or reflect upon, to muse over, consider, meditate upon; neutr., to think, reflect, muse, consider, meditate; to design, purpose, intend, etc.; constr. with acc., with ad, de, with dat., with inf., with a rel.-clause, or absol. (class.).

Lit.

With acc.:

semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

ea para, meditare, cogita, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

nihil aliud cogitare, meditari, curare nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

forum, subsellia, rostra curiamque,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

fugam ad legiones,

Suet. Tib. 65:

cor tuum meditabitur timorem,

i. e. promote by meditation, Vulg. Isa. 33, 18.—

With ad; ne ad eam rem meditere, Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1:

ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 26.—

With de:

ut de tua ratione meditere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4.—

With dat. (ante-class.):

nugis,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107. —

With inf.:

jam designatus alio incessu esse meditabatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

multos annos regnare meditatus magno labore,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

cum animo meditaretur proficisci in Persas,

Nep. Ages. 4.—

With a rel.-clause:

ea nunc meditabor quo modo illi dicam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 42:

meditabor, quo modo cum illo loquar,

Cic. Att. 9, 17, 1:

quid contra dicerem, mecum ipse meditabor,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

meditare, quibus verbis incensam illius cupiditatem comprimas,

id. Pis. 25, 59.—

Absol.:

multis modis meditatus egomet mecum sum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 1:

egressus ad meditandum in agro,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 63. —

Transf., to meditate, study, exercise one's self in, practise a thing:

nugas est meditatus male,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107:

Demosthenes perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius esse locutus putaretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

Demosthenes in litore meditans,

Quint. 10, 3, 30:

quid Crassus ageret meditandi aut discendi causā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 136:

aut in foro dicere aut meditari extra forum,

id. Brut. 88, 302:

musam,

Verg. E. 1, 2:

arma,

Veg. Mil. 1, 20:

proelia,

Juv. 4, 112.— Transf., of animals:

cervi editos partus exercent cursu, et fugam meditari docent,

to practise flight, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 113.—Of things: semper cauda scorpionis in ictu est: nulloque momento meditari cessat, to move as in readiness to strike, i. e. to threaten, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 87:

semina meditantur aristas,

Prud. Cath. 10, 132; also, to murmur, utter a sad cry:

clamabo, meditabor ut columba,

Vulg. Isa. 38, 14; 59, 11.—

In pass. signif. (in verb. fin. post-class. and very rare):

adulteria meditantur,

Min. Fel. Oct. 25, 1.—But freq. in part. perf.: mĕdĭtā-tus, a, um.

Exercised, practised, instructed (only Plautin.):

cumque huc ad adulescentem meditatum probe mittam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 88:

probe meditatam utramque duco,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 29:

murmura,

Juv. 6, 539.—

Thought upon, meditated, weighed, considered, studied:

meditati sunt doli docte,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 30:

ea, quae meditata et praeparata inferuntur,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

meditatum et cogitatum scelus,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 85:

meditatum cogitatumque verbum,

id. ib. 10, 2, 6:

accuratae et meditatae commentationes,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

doli,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 31: meditata et composita oratio (opp. extemporized), Suet. Aug. 84. — Subst.: mĕdĭtāta, ōrum, n., a carefully prepared speech:

sive meditata sive subita proferret,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—Hence, adv.: mĕdĭtātē, thoughtfully, designedly, intentionally (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

ne tu illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

knowest thoroughly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

hau male meditate male dicax es,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 26:

effundere probra,

Sen. Const. Sap. 11, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.