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41 pas
I.pas1 [pα]1. masculine noun• revenir or retourner sur ses pas to retrace one's stepsb. ( = distance) pace• « roulez au pas » "dead slow"d. ( = démarche) tread• prendre le pas sur [+ considérations, préoccupations] to override ; [+ théorie, méthode] to supplant ; [+ personne] to steal a march over2. compounds► le pas de Calais ( = détroit) the Straits of DoverII.pas2 [pα]adverba. (avec ne: formant négation verbale) not• ils n'ont pas de voiture/d'enfants they don't have a car/any childrenb. (indiquant ou renforçant opposition) elle travaille, (mais) lui pas she works, but he doesn't• il aime ça, pas toi ? he likes it, don't you?• pas de sucre, merci ! no sugar, thanks!• qui l'a prévenu ? -- pas moi who told him? -- not med. (devant adjectif, nom, dans exclamations) (inf) il est dans une situation pas ordinaire he's in an unusual situation• pas possible ! no!• pas vrai ? isn't that so?• tu es content ? eh bien pas moi ! are you satisfied? well I'm not!• t'es pas un peu fou ? you're crazy! (inf)• si c'est pas malheureux ! isn't that disgraceful!• pas de ça ! we'll have none of that!• ah non, pas lui ! oh no, not him!* * *Note: Dans la langue parlée ou familière, not utilisé avec un auxiliaire ou un modal prend parfois la forme n't qui est alors accolée à l'auxiliaire: he hasn't finished, he couldn't come. On notera que will not devient won't, que shall not devient shan't et cannot devient can't
I pa1) génc'est un Autrichien, pas un Allemand — he's an Austrian, not a German
ce n'est pas un lâche — gén he isn't a coward; ( pour insister) he's no coward
je ne pense pas — I don't think so, I think not sout
elle a aimé le film, mais lui pas — she liked the film but he didn't
une radio pas chère — (colloq) a cheap radio
non mais t'es pas dingue? — (sl) are you mad or what?
2) (dans des expressions, exclamations)pas le moins du monde — not in the slightest ou in the least
pas d'histoires! — I don't want any arguments ou fuss!
pas vrai? — (colloq) gén isn't that so?; ( n'est-ce pas)
on a bien travaillé, pas vrai? — (colloq) we did good work, didn't we?
II panom masculin invariable1) ( enjambée) stepfaire ses premiers pas — [enfant] to take one's first steps
faire le premier pas — fig to make the first move
de là à dire qu'il s'en fiche (colloq), il n'y a qu'un pas — there's only a fine line between that and saying he doesn't care
2) ( allure) pacemarcher au pas — ( à pied) to march; ( à cheval) to walk
marquer le pas — Armée to mark time
‘roulez au pas’ — ( panneau) ‘dead slow’ GB, ‘(very) slow’ US
partir au pas de course — to rush off, to race off
3) ( bruit) footstep4) ( trace de pied) footprintrevenir or retourner sur ses pas — lit to retrace one's steps; fig to backtrack
marcher sur les pas de quelqu'un — fig to follow in somebody's footsteps
5) ( de danse) step•Phrasal Verbs:••tirer quelqu'un/se tirer d'un mauvais pas — to get somebody/to get out of a tight corner
faire or sauter le pas — to take the plunge
prendre le pas sur quelque chose/quelqu'un — to overtake something/somebody
* * *
I pɒ adv1) (avec `ne' et `non') notIl ne pleure pas. (habituellement) — He doesn't cry., (maintenant) He's not crying., He isn't crying.
Il ne pleut pas. — It's not raining.
Je ne mange pas de viande. — I don't eat meat.
Il n'a pas pleuré. — He didn't cry.
Il ne pleurera pas. — He won't cry.
Elle n'est pas venue. — She didn't come.
Ils n'ont pas de voiture. — They haven't got a car., They have no car.
Ils n'ont pas d'enfants. — They haven't got any children., They have no children.
Ce n'est pas mal pour un début. — That's not bad for a first attempt.
Il m'a dit de ne pas le faire. — He told me not to do it.
non pas que... — not that...
Je n'aime pas du tout ça. — I don't like that at all.
n'est-ce pas; Vous viendrez à notre soirée, n'est-ce pas? — You're coming to our party, aren't you?
C'est Harry qui a gagné, n'est-ce pas? — Harry won, didn't he?
2) (employé sans `ne')pas moi — not me, not I
pas de sucre, merci — no sugar, thanks
Elle travaille, lui pas.; Elle travaille, mais pas lui. — She works but he doesn't.
Elle veut aller au cinéma, pas moi. — She wants to go to the cinema, but I don't.
une pomme pas mûre — an apple that isn't ripe, an unripe apple
... ou pas? —... or not?
Ceci est à vous ou pas? — Is this yours or not?, Is this yours or isn't it?
3)comment ça va? — pas mal — how are things? — not bad
Il y avait pas mal de monde au concert. — There were quite a lot of people at the concert.
II pɒ nm1) (= allure) pace, [cheval] walkIl marchait d'un pas rapide. — He walked at a fast pace.
Le cheval est parti au pas. — The horse set off at walking pace.
de ce pas — straight away, at once
J'y vais de ce pas. — I'll go straight away
2) (= démarche) tread3) (= enjambée) stepFaites trois pas en avant. — Take three steps forward.
retourner sur ses pas; revenir sur ses pas — to retrace one's steps
Il faisait les cent pas dans le corridor. — He was pacing up and down the corridor.
4) (= bruit) step, footstepJ'entends des pas dans l'escalier. — I can hear footsteps on the stairs.
5) (= trace de pas) footprint6) (mesure) paceà deux pas de... — just round the corner from...
7) DANSE step8) fig (= étape) step9) TECHNIQUE, [vis, écrou] threadse tirer d'un mauvais pas fig — to get o.s. out of a tight spot
* * *I.pas adv❢ Dans la langue parlée ou familière, not utilisé avec un auxiliaire ou un modal prend parfois la forme n't qui est alors accolée à l'auxiliaire: he hasn't finished, he couldn't come. On notera que will not devient won't, que shall not devient shan't et cannot devient can't.1 gén sur les 15 employés, pas un ne parle anglais out of the 15 employees not one speaks English; c'est un Autrichien, pas un Allemand he's an Austrian, not a German; je ne prends pas de sucre avec mon café I don't take sugar in coffee; ils n'ont pas le téléphone they haven't got a phone; ils n'ont pas d'enfants/de principes they haven't got any children/principles, they have no children/principles; il n'y a pas de café dans le placard there isn't any coffee in the cupboard, there's no coffee in the cupboard; ce n'est pas de l'amour, c'est de la possessivité it isn't love, it's possessiveness; ce n'est pas du cuir, c'est du plastique it isn't leather, it's plastic; ce n'est pas un lâche gén he isn't a coward; ( pour insister) he's no coward; ce n'est pas un ami à moi gén he isn't a friend of mine; ( pour insister) he's no friend of mine; ce n'est pas une raison pour crier comme ça! that's no reason to shout like that!; ce n'est pas une vie pour un gamin de son âge it's no life for a child of his age; ce n'est pas un endroit pour s'arrêter it's no place to stop; ce n'est pas qu'il soit désagréable, mais il est tellement ennuyeux! it's not that he's unpleasant, but he's so boring!; elle n'est pas très bavarde she's not very talkative; il n'est pas plus intelligent qu'un autre he's no brighter than anybody else; je ne pense pas I don't think so, I think not sout; alors, tu viens ou pas○? so, are you coming or not?; elle a aimé le film, mais lui pas or mais pas lui○ she liked the film but he didn't; ma voiture a un toit ouvrant, la leur pas or pas la leur○ gén my car has a sunroof, theirs doesn't; ( pour rectifier une erreur) my car has a sunroof, not theirs; il m'a dit de ne pas y aller he told me not to go there; du pain pas cuit unbaked bread; des tomates pas mûres unripe tomatoes; des chaussures pas cirées unpolished shoes; une radio pas chère○ a cheap radio set; je fouille dans ma poche… pas de portefeuille! I searched in my pocket… no wallet!; pas d'augmentation pour vous, Pichon! no raise for you, Pichon!; non mais t'es pas dingue○? are you mad or what?;2 (dans des expressions, exclamations) pas du tout not at all; pas le moins du monde not in the slightest ou in the least; absolument pas absolutely not; pas vraiment not really; pas tellement not much; pas tant que ça not all that much; pas plus que ça so-so○, not all that much; pas d'histoires! I don't want any arguments ou fuss about it!; pas de chance! hard luck!, tough luck!; pas possible! I can't believe it!; pas croyable! incredible!; pas vrai○? gén isn't that so?;3 ( n'est-ce pas) elle est jolie la petite Pivachon, pas○? the Pivachon girl is pretty, isn't she?; on s'est bien amusé, pas○? we had a good time, didn't we?; on a bien travaillé, pas vrai○? we did good work, didn't we?II.pas nm inv1 ( enjambée) step; faire un grand/petit pas to take a long/small step; faire des petits pas to take small steps; faire des grands pas to stride along; marcher or avancer à grands pas to stride along; marcher or avancer à petits pas to edge forward; faire un pas en avant/en arrière to take a step forward/backward; l'industrie a fait un grand pas en avant industry has taken a big step forward; l'hiver arrive à grands pas winter is fast approaching; avancer à pas de géant (dans qch) to make giant strides (in sth); avancer à pas de fourmi (dans qch) to progress at a snail's pace (in sth); marcher à pas de loup or de velours to move stealthily; marcher à pas feutrés to walk softly; marcher à pas comptés to walk with measured steps; faire ses premiers pas [enfant] to take one's first steps; faire ses premiers pas dans la société mondaine to make one's debut in society; faire le premier pas fig to make the first move; suivre qn pas à pas to follow sb everywhere; avancer pas à pas dans une enquête to proceed step by step in an inquiry; il n'y a qu'un pas there's a fine line; de là à dire qu'il s'en fiche○, il n'y a qu'un pas there's only a fine line between that and saying he doesn't care; j'habite à deux pas (d'ici) I live just a step away (from here); le magasin est à deux pas de chez elle the shop is just a step away from her house; ⇒ cent;2 ( allure) pace; marcher d'un bon pas to walk at a brisk pace; allonger or hâter le pas to quicken one's pace; marcher d'un pas lourd to walk with a heavy tread; marcher d'un pas hésitant/gracieux to walk hesitantly/gracefully; se diriger vers sa voiture d'un pas pressé to walk hurriedly toward(s) one's car; marcher du même pas to walk in step; ralentir le pas to slow down; marcher au pas Mil to march; Équit to walk; marquer le pas Mil to mark time; rouler or circuler au pas to crawl (along); ‘roulez au pas’ ( sur panneau) ‘dead slow’ GB, ‘(very) slow’ US; mettre qn au pas to bring sb to heel; partir au pas de course to rush off, to race off; faire qch au pas de charge to do sth in double-quick time; j'y vais de ce pas I'll do it straightaway;3 ( bruit) footstep; j'ai entendu un bruit de pas I heard footsteps; reconnaître le pas de qn to recognize sb's (foot)step;4 ( trace de pied) footprint; des pas dans la neige/sur le sable footprints in the snow/in the sand; revenir or retourner sur ses pas lit, fig to retrace one's steps, to backtrack; marcher sur les pas de qn fig to follow in sb's footsteps;5 Danse step; un pas de danse a dance step; le pas de valse the waltz step; apprendre les pas du tango to learn how to tango;pas accéléré quick march; pas cadencé slow time; marcher au pas cadencé to march in slow time; pas de deux Danse pas de deux; pas de l'oie goosestep; marcher au pas de l'oie to goosestep; pas de patineur ( au ski) skating; pas de porte doorstep; rester sur le pas de la porte to stay on the doorstep; pas redoublé double time, quick march; marcher au pas redoublé to quick march; pas de route walking pace; pas de tir Mil Sport shooting range; Astronaut launch(ing) pad; pas de vis Tech thread.tirer qn/se tirer d'un mauvais pas to get sb/to get out of a tight corner; faire or sauter le pas to take the plunge; céder le pas à qn to make way for sb; prendre le pas sur qch/qn to overtake sth/sb.I[pa] adverbe1. [avec 'ne', pour exprimer la négation]ils n'ont pas de problèmes/d'avenir they have no problems/no future, they haven't got any problems/a futurece n'est pas que je ne veuille pas, mais... it's not that I don't want to, but...[avec omission du 'ne'] (familier)a. [pas comique] it's not in the least ou slightest bit funnyb. [ennuyeux] it's no fun at allnon, j'aime pas no, I don't like it2. [avec 'non', pour renforcer la négation]3. [employé seul]les garçons voulaient danser, les filles pas the boys wanted to dance, the girls didn't4. [dans des réponses négatives]pas de dessert pour moi, merci no dessert for me, thank youqui l'a pris? — pas moi, en tout cas! who took it? — not me, that's for sure!c'est toi qui as fini les chocolats? — pas du tout! was it you who finished the chocolates? — certainly not!pas le moins du monde not in the least ou slightest, not at all————————pas mal (familier) locution adjectivale invariable————————pas mal (familier) locution adverbiale1. [bien]2. [très]————————pas mal de locution déterminante[suivi d'un nom non comptable] quite a lot of————————pas plus mal locution adverbialeil a maigri — c'est pas plus mal he's lost weight — good thing too ou that's not such a bad thing ou just as wellpas un locution déterminante,pas une locution déterminantepas un loc pron,pas une loc pronparmi elles, pas une qui ne veuille y aller every one of them wants to go thereil s'y entend comme pas un pour déranger les gens à 2 h du matin he's a specialist at disturbing you at 2 in the morningII[pa] nom masculin1. [déplacement] stepje vais faire quelques pas dans le parc I'm going for a short ou little walk in the parkrevenir ou retourner sur ses pas to retrace one's steps ou path, to turn backarriver sur les pas de quelqu'un to follow close on somebody's heels, to arrive just after somebodyavancer à ou faire de petits pas to take short stepsfaire un pas sur le côté to take a step to the ou to one sidefaire un pas en avant to step forward, to take a step ou pace forwardil a fait ses premiers pas de comédien dans un film de Hitchcock (figuré) he made his debut as an actor in a Hitchcock film2. [progrès]a. [enquête] to make great progressb. [technique, science] to take big steps forwardc. [échéance, événement] to be loomingavancer à pas comptés ou mesurésa. [lentement] to make slow progressb. [prudemment] to tread carefullyfaire un grand pas en avant to take a great step ou leap forwardfaire un pas en arrière to take a step back ou backwardsfaire un pas en avant et deux (pas) en arrière to take one step forward and two steps back ou backwardsb. [étape] stepc'est un pas difficile pour lui que de te parler directement talking to you directly is a difficult step for him to takec'est un grand pas à faire ou franchir it's a big step to takefranchir ou sauter le pas to take the plunge3. [empreinte] footprint4. [allure] paceallonger ou doubler le pas to quicken one's step ou pacehâter ou presser le pas to hurry onralentir le pas to slow one's pace, to slow downaller ou marcher d'un bon pas to walk at a good ou brisk paceavancer ou marcher d'un pas lent to walk slowlymarcher d'un pas alerte/léger/élastique to walk with a sprightly/light/bouncy treadavancer d'un pas lourd ou pesant to tread heavily, to walk with a heavy treadelle entendait son pas irrégulier/feutré sur la terrasse she could hear his irregular/soft footfall on the terracepas battu/tombé pas battu/tombé8. SPORTpas de patinage ou patineur [en ski] skatingpas de canard/de l'escalier [en ski] herringbone/side stepping climba. at a runb. (figuré) at a run, on the doublefaire des pas tournants [en ski] to skate a turn9. [mesure] paceà quelques pas de là a few steps ou paces awayà deux ou trois ou quelques pas: l'église est à deux pas the church is very close at hand ou is only a stone's throw from herele restaurant n'est qu'à deux pas (de la gare) the restaurant is (only) just round the corner (from the station)il n'y a qu'un pas (figuré) : entre la consommation de drogue et la vente, il n'y a qu'un pas there's only a small ou short step from taking drugs to selling them10. [marche d'escalier] stepne reste pas sur le pas de la porte don't stand at the door ou on the doorstep ou in the doorway11. GÉOGRAPHIE [en montagne] pass[en mer] strait12. TECHNOLOGIE [d'une vis] thread[d'une denture, d'un engrenage] pitch13. AÉRONAUTIQUE pitch14. MATHÉMATIQUES pitch15. (locution)prendre le pas (sur quelqu'un/quelque chose) to take precedence (over somebody/something), to dominate (somebody/something)————————à chaque pas locution adverbiale2. [constamment] at every turn ou step————————au pas locution adverbiale1. [en marchant] at a walking pacene courez pas, allez au pas don't run, walk2. AUTOMOBILEaller ou rouler au pasa. [dans un embouteillage] to crawl alongmettre quelqu'un/quelque chose au pas to bring somebody/something to heelde ce pas locution adverbialeje vais de ce pas lui dire ma façon de penser I'm going to waste no time in telling him what I thinkpas à pas locution adverbiale1. [de très près] step by step -
42 connaître
connaître° [kɔnεtʀ]➭ TABLE 571. transitive verba. to know• connais-tu un bon restaurant ? do you know of a good restaurant?• connaître qn de vue/nom/réputation to know sb by sight/name/reputation• il l'a connu à l'université he met or knew him at university• vous connaissez la dernière (nouvelle) ? have you heard the latest (news)?b. [+ langue, science, auteur] to know• connaître les oiseaux/les plantes to know about birds/plants• il n'y connaît rien he doesn't know anything or a thing about itc. ( = éprouver) [+ faim, privations] to know ; [+ humiliations] to experienced. ( = avoir) [+ succès] to enjoy• cette pièce l'a fait connaître en Angleterre this play brought him to the attention of the English public2. reflexive verba.se connaître (soi-même) to know o.s.b. ( = se rencontrer) to meet• quand il s'agit d'embêter les autres, il s'y connaît ! (inf) when it comes to annoying people he's an expert! (inf)* * *kɔnɛtʀ
1.
1) to know [fait, nom, événement]il ne tient jamais ses promesses, c'est (bien) connu — it is common knowledge that he never keeps his promises
2) to know, to be acquainted with [sujet, méthode, auteur]la mécanique, je ne connais que ça or ça me connaît! — I know quite a bit about mechanics
3) to know [faim]; to experience [crise]; to enjoy [gloire]; to have [difficultés]les problèmes d'argent, ça me connaît! — (colloq) I could tell you a thing or two (colloq) about money problems!
connaître des hauts et des bas — to have one's/its ups and downs
4) to know [personne, acteur]c'est bien mal la connaître — they/you're misjudging her
5) (dated) ( coucher avec) to know (dated), to have a sexual relationship with6) Droitconnaître de — to have jurisdiction over [affaire, cause]
avoir à connaître de — to judge ou hear [cas]
2.
se connaître verbe pronominal1) ( soi-même) to know oneself‘connais-toi toi-même’ — ‘know thyself’
il ne se connaissait plus de joie — fml he was beside himself with joy
2) ( l'un l'autre) to know each other3) ( être compétent)c'est le carburateur qui est bouché ou je ne m'y connais pas — (colloq) if I know anything about it, it's the carburettor GB ou carburetor US that's blocked
••on connaît la chanson or musique! — we've heard it all before!
* * *kɔnɛtʀ vt1) [technique, matière] to know2) [ville, personne] to knowJe ne connais pas du tout cette région. — I don't know this area at all.
Je le connais de vue. — I know him by sight.
faire connaître qch [région, culture] — to introduce people to sth
se faire connaître en faisant qch; Le groupe s'est fait connaître en gagnant le concours Eurovision. — the group found fame when it won the Eurovision song contest.
3) [personne] (= éprouver) [sensation, sentiment] to experience, (= faire l'expérience de) [difficultés, misère, guerre] to experienceIl a fini dans la misère après avoir connu le faste et la gloire. — He ended up destitute, after having known fame and riches.
4) [film, chanson, économie, secteur] (= avoir, rencontrer) to have, to enjoyL'industrie du tourisme connaît une période exceptionnelle. — The tourist industry is having a very good period.
Ce film connaît actuellement un grand succès. — This film is currently enjoying a huge success.
* * *connaître verb table: connaîtreA vtr1 ( avoir connaissance de) to know [fait, nom, événement, résultat]; ne pas connaître sa force not to know one's own strength; vous connaissez la suite you know the rest; je connais les raisons de ta colère I know why you're angry; il nous a fait connaître son avis/ses intentions he made his opinion/his intentions known (to us); tu connais l'histoire de Toto qui… do you know the one about Toto who…; il ne tient jamais ses promesses, c'est (bien) connu it is common knowledge that he never keeps his promises; tes promesses, on connaît! we know all about your promises!; la rue de la Glacière? connais pas○! rue de la Glacière? never heard of it!; je lui connais de grands talents I know that he/she is very talented; je ne leur connais aucun vice I don't know them to have any vices; on te connaît plusieurs amants we know you to have several lovers; ne connaître ni le pourquoi ni le comment de qch not to know the whys and the wherefores of sth; leur vie privée est connue de tous everybody knows about their private life; tu connais la nouvelle? have you heard the news?; tu ne connais pas ta chance you don't know how lucky you are; j'en connais long sur ton passé I know a lot about your past; ne connaître que son plaisir/devoir to think of nothing but one's pleasure/duty; ⇒ Dieu, loup;2 ( pour avoir étudié) to know, to be acquainted with [sujet, méthode, auteur]; la mécanique, je ne connais que ça or ça me connaît! I know quite a bit about mechanics; elle connaît tout du solfège she knows all about music theory; c'est lui qui m'a fait connaître la musique cajun it was he who introduced me to Cajun music; connaître un poème/une partition musicale par cœur to know a poem/a score (off) by heart; en connaître un rayon○ en histoire/théâtre to know one's stuff○ when it comes to history/the theatreGB;3 ( faire l'expérience de) to know, to experience [faim, froid, pauvreté, amour]; to experience [crise, défaite, échec]; to enjoy [gloire, succès]; to have [difficultés, problèmes]; il connaît l'humiliation de la défaite he knows ou has experienced the humiliation of defeat; ils ont connu la défaite they were defeated; il a connu la prison he's been to prison before; il ne connaît pas la pitié/la honte he knows no pity/shame; c'est un homme qui connaît la vie he's a man who knows what life is about; connaître les femmes/hommes to know something about women/men; il a connu son heure de gloire he has had his hour of glory; les problèmes d'argent, ça me connaît○! I could tell you a thing or two○ about money problems!; connaître des hauts et des bas to have one's/its ups and downs; connaître une fin tragique to come to a tragic end; connaître une situation difficile to be in a difficult situation; connaître une forte croissance to show a rapid growth; le club sportif connaît un nouvel essor the sports club is having a new lease of GB ou on US life; ils auraient pu connaître un meilleur sort they could have had a better fate;4 ( de réputation) to know [personne, acteur]; elle est très connue she's (very) well-known; connaître qn de nom/vue to know sb by name/sight; je le connais de réputation mais je ne l'ai jamais rencontré I know ou I've heard of him but I've never met him; une œuvre connue/peu connue a well-known/little-known work (de by); être d'abord connu comme violoniste to be chiefly known as a violinist;5 ( personnellement) to know [ami, parent, relation]; je le connais depuis longtemps I've known him for a long time; vous ne me connaissez pas you don't know me; j'ai appris à connaître mon père en grandissant I got to know my father as I grew up; j'aimerais bien la connaître I'd really like to get to know her; c'est bien mal la connaître que de croire que… they/you're misjudging her if they/you think that…; je le connais trop bien I know him only too well; faire connaître qn à qn to introduce sb to sb; mes parents? je les connais, ils seront ravis! my parents? if I know them, they'll be delighted; Bernadette? je ne connais qu'elle! Bernadette? I know her very well!; il ne me connaît plus depuis qu'il est passé officier he ignores me now that he's an officer;6 †( coucher avec) to know†, to have a sexual relationship with;7 Jur connaître de to have jurisdiction over [affaire, cause]; avoir à connaître de to judge ou hear [cas].B se connaître vpr1 ( soi-même) to know oneself; il se connaît mal he doesn't know himself very well; ‘connais-toi toi-même’ ‘know thyself’; il ne se connaissait plus de joie fml he was beside himself with joy; quand il a bu, il ne se connaît plus when he's drunk, he goes berserk;2 ( l'un l'autre) to know each other; nous nous sommes connus chez des amis communs we met (each other) at the home of some mutual friends;3 ( être compétent) s'y connaître en électricité/théâtre to know all about electricity/theatre; c'est le carburateur qui est bouché ou je ne m'y connais pas if I know anything about it, it's the carburettor GB ou carburetor US that's blocked.on connaît la chanson or musique! we've heard it all before!, it's the same old story!; c'est un air connu it's the same old story; connaître qch comme sa poche to know sth like the back of one's hand, to know sth inside out.[kɔnɛtr] verbe transitifA.[AVOIR UNE IDÉE DE]1. [avoir mémorisé - code postal, itinéraire, mot de passe] to know2. [être informé de - information, nouvelle] to knowje suis impatient de connaître les résultats I'm anxious to know ou to hear the resultsa. [avis, sentiment] to make knownb. [décision, jugement] to make known, to announceje vous ferai connaître ma décision plus tard I'll inform you of my decision ou I'll let you know what I've decided later3. [avoir des connaissances sur - langue, ville, appareil, œuvre] to know, to be familiar with ; [ - technique] to know, to be acquainted with ; [ - sujet] to know (about)je ne connais pas l'italien I don't know ou can't speak Italianje connais un peu l'informatique I have some basic knowledge of computing, I know a little about computingson dernier film l'a fait connaître dans le monde entier his latest film has brought him worldwide famesa traduction a fait connaître son œuvre en France her translation has brought his work to French audiencescette émission est destinée à faire connaître des artistes étrangers this programme is aimed at introducing foreign artistsça me/le connaît (familier) : les bons vins, ça le connaît! he knows a thing or two about ou he's an expert on good wine!connaît pas (familier) : à cet âge-là, la propreté, connaît pas at that age they don't know the meaning of the word cleanlinessy connaître quelque chose en to have some idea ou to know something aboutje ne mange pas de cette horreur! — tu n'y connais rien! I won't eat that horrible stuff! — you don't know what's good for you!B.[IDENTIFIER, ÊTRE EN RELATION AVEC]1. [par l'identité] to knowconnaître quelqu'un de vue/nom/réputation to know somebody by sight/name/reputationa. [révéler son identité] to make oneself knownb. [devenir une personne publique] to make oneself ou to become knownnotre auditeur n'a pas voulu se faire connaître our listener didn't want his name to be known ou wished to remain anonymousla connaissant, ça ne me surprend pas knowing her, I'm not surprisedsi tu fais ça, je ne te connais plus! if you do that, I'll have nothing more to do with you!je te connais comme si je t'avais fait! (familier) I know you as if you were my own ou like the back of my hand!2. [rencontrer] to meetah, si je t'avais connue plus tôt! if only I'd met you earlier!C.[ÉPROUVER]2. [faire l'expérience de] to experienceah, l'insouciance de la jeunesse, j'ai connu ça! I was young and carefree once!enfin, elle connut la consécration she finally received the highest accolade3. [subir - crise] to go ou to live through (inseparable), to experience ; [ - épreuve, humiliation, guerre] to live through (inseparable), to suffer, to undergoil a connu bien des déboires he has had ou suffered plenty of setbacksD.[ADMETTRE]1. [suj: chose] to haveson ambition ne connaît pas de bornes ou limites her ambition is boundless ou knows no bounds2. [suj: personne]ne connaître que: il ne connaît que le travail work is the only thing he's interested in ou he knowscontre les rhumes, je ne connais qu'un bon grog there's nothing like a hot toddy to cure a cold————————se connaître verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)je n'oserai jamais, je me connais I'd never dare, I know what I'm like————————se connaître verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)————————se connaître verbe pronominal intransitifc'est un escroc, ou je ne m'y connais pas! I know a crook when I see one! -
43 se
se [sə]pronouna. (réfléchi) (sg) (indéfini) oneself ; (homme) himself ; (femme) herself ; (sujet non humain) itself ; (pl) themselves• se brûler to burn o.s.• deux personnes qui s'aiment two people who love each other or one another* * *(s' before vowel or mute h) sə, s pronom personnel2) ( verbe à valeur passive)les exemples se comptent sur les doigts de la main — the examples can be counted on the fingers of your hand
comment se fait-il que...? — how come...?, how is it that...?
••
la traduction du pronom personnel se varie en fonction du verbe auquel il est associé et de son rôle; il sera traité automatiquement avec le verbe pronominal auquel on aura tout intérêt à se reporterse complément d'objet direct ou indirect d'un verbe pronominal réfléchi: se blesser = to hurt oneself; il se regarde = he's looking at himself; elle se regarde = she's looking at herself; ils se sont brûlés = they burned themselves; elles se sont brûlées = they burned themselves; le chien s'est brûlé = the dog burned itselfMais attention, très souvent en anglais le pronom ne sera pas exprimé: se laver = to wash, to have a wash; elle s'habille = she's getting dressed; il se rase = he's shavingAvec les parties du corps: il se lave les pieds = he's washing his feet; elles se coupent les ongles = they're cutting their nails; se ronger les ongles = to bite one's nails; le chat se lèche les moustaches = the cat is cleaning its whiskers; ils se bouchent les oreilles = they put their fingers in their earsse pronom réciproque: ils se détestent = they hate each otherOn trouvera des exemples supplémentaires et des cas non envisagés ici dans l'article ci-dessous. En cas de doute, se reporter à l'article du verbe* * *abr nf Son ExcellenceHE* * *1 ( verbe réfléchi) s'habiller to get dressed, to dress; se cacher to hide; il ne faut pas se bloquer sur un mot you shouldn't get stuck on one word;2 ( réciprocité) ils se bousculent they're jostling each other; ils se sont injuriés they insulted each other;3 ( verbe à valeur intransitive) elle se comporte honorablement she behaves honourably; la voiture s'est bien comportée the car performed well; l'écart se creuse the gap is widening; l'épreuve se déroule en deux temps the event takes place in two stages;4 ( verbe à valeur passive) les exemples se comptent sur les doigts the examples can be counted on the fingers of your hand; le médicament se vend sans ordonnance the medicine is sold without a prescription;5 ( avec un verbe impersonnel) comment se fait-il que…? how come…?, how is it that…?; il se prépare actuellement une nouvelle édition a new edition is being prepared at the moment; il se produit une réaction chimique there is a chemical reaction; il se vend chaque jour plusieurs centaines d'appareils several hundred appliances are sold every day.[sə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet s' [s]) pronom personnel réfléchi (3e personne singulier et pluriel, masculin et féminin)1. [avec un verbe pronominal réfléchi][se substituant à l'adjectif possessif]2. [avec un verbe pronominal réciproque]pour s'aider, ils partagent le travail to help each other ou one another, they share the work3. [avec un verbe pronominal passif]4. [avec un verbe pronominal intransitif]5. [dans des tournures impersonnelles]il se peut qu'ils arrivent plus tôt it's possible that they'll arrive earlier, they might arrive earlier6. (familier) [emploi expressif]il se fait 7 000 euros par mois he's got 7,000 euros coming in per monthelle se l'est écouté au moins trente fois, ce disque she listened to this record at least thirty times -
44 debout
debout [d(ə)bu]adverbinvariable adjectivea. [personne] ( = en position verticale) standing ; ( = levé) up• être or se tenir debout to stand• hier, nous sommes restés debout jusqu'à minuit yesterday we stayed up till midnight• debout ! get up!• debout là-dedans ! (inf) get up, you guys!b. [bouteille, meuble] standing up(right)• tenir debout [objet] to stay upright* * *dəbu
1.
adverbe, adjectif invariable1) (vertical, sur pied) [personne] standing‘assis: 40, debout: 10’ — ( dans un bus) ‘seated: 40, standing: 10’
rester debout — to stand; ( veiller) to stay up
ne restez pas debout, asseyez-vous — do take a seat
être or se tenir debout — to stand
ça bougeait tellement que personne ne pouvait se tenir debout — it was moving so much that no-one could stay on their feet
je ne tiens plus debout, je vais me coucher — I'm falling asleep on my feet, I'm going to go to bed
2) ( hors du lit) [personne] up3) ( qui se maintient) [bâtiment, mur] standington histoire tient debout — (colloq) your story seems likely
4) (vertical, sur une extrémité) [animal] on its hind legs; [objet] upright5) ( guéri)grâce à votre médicament, il était debout en deux jours — thanks to your medicine, he was up and about in two days
2.
exclamation get up!* * *d(ə)bu1. adj inv1) (personne, animal) (en position non assise ou couchée) standing, standing upêtre debout — to be standing, to stand
2) (= levé, éveillé) upElle est debout à 6 heures tous les matins. — She's up at 6 every morning.
3) [chose]être encore debout fig (= en état) — to be still going
la station debout — the standing position, standing
La station debout lui est pénible. — Standing is painful for him.
2. advMieux vaut mourir debout que vivre à genoux. — It's better to die standing up than to spend your life on your knees.
Il a mangé son repas debout. — He ate his meal standing up.
Mets les livres debout sur l'étagère. — Stand the books up on the shelf.
Il a du mal à tenir debout. — He's unsteady on his feet., fig
ne pas tenir debout [raisonnement] — not to hold up, [histoire] not to hold water
Cette histoire ne tient pas debout. — This story doesn't hold water.
à dormir debout (histoire, conte) — cock-and-bull
* * *A adv, adj inv1 (vertical, sur pied) [personne] standing; debout sur une chaise standing on a chair; les personnes/trois personnes debout the people/three people standing; il reste cinq places debout there are five standing places left; ‘assis: 40, debout:10’ ( dans un bus) ‘seated: 40, standing: 10’; la station debout me fatigue I find standing up tiring; nous sommes restés debout toute la soirée we stood (up) all evening; j'ai dû voyager debout I had to stand all the way; ne restez pas debout, asseyez-vous do take a seat; merci, je préfère rester debout thanks, but I prefer to stand; être or se tenir debout to stand; se mettre debout to stand up, to get to one's feet, to get up; le plafond était trop bas pour que je puisse me tenir debout the ceiling was too low for me to stand upright; ça bougeait tellement que personne ne pouvait se tenir debout it was moving so much that no-one could stay on their feet; je ne tiens plus debout, je vais me coucher I'm falling asleep on my feet, I'm going to go to bed; le vieillard/l'ivrogne tient à peine debout sur ses jambes the old man/the drunkard can hardly stand; dès qu'elle a su se tenir debout as soon as she could stand; aidez-la à se mettre debout help her to get up;2 ( hors du lit) [personne] up; tu es déjà debout! you're already up!; il est debout à cinq heures he's up at five; je suis resté debout toute la nuit I stayed up all night (long);3 ( qui se maintient) [bâtiment, mur] standing; un seul temple/arbre était encore debout only one temple/tree was still standing; fig une des rares institutions restant debout one of the few institutions still standing; le bâtiment ne tient plus debout the building is falling down; ton histoire tient debout○ your story seems likely; leur histoire ne tient pas debout○ their story doesn't hold water;4 (vertical, sur une extrémité) [animal] on its hind legs; [objet] upright; le chien s'est mis debout pour attraper le sucre the dog got up on its hind legs to get the sugar; poser un tonneau debout to put a barrel upright; j'ai mis la table debout contre le mur I've stood the table up against the wall; nous avons remis la statue debout we stood the statue back up;5 ( guéri) grâce à votre médicament, il était debout en deux jours thanks to your medicine, he was up and about in two days.[dəbu] adverbe1. [en parlant des personnes - en station verticale] standing upils l'ont mis debout they helped him to his feet ou helped him upse mettre debout to stand (up), to risea. [fatigué] he's dead on his feetb. [ivre] he's legless2. [en parlant d'animaux]4. [éveillé] up5. [en bon état] standing[sorti de chez soi, de l'hôpital] out and about -
45 species
spĕcĭes, ēi ( gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced:I.specierum,
Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.:speciebus,
App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf.II.aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,
Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9:si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,
id. 9, 4:qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,
Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98:qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,
id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).A.Lit.:2.praeter speciem stultus,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49:quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,
Lucr. 4, 52; cf.:quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,
outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:hominis esse specie deos confitendum est,
id. N. D. 1, 18, 48:edepol specie lepida mulier!
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.:bellan' videtur specie mulier?
id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20:urbis speciem vidi,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so,species praeclara oppidi,
Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 14, 21:navium,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:nova atque inusitata,
id. ib. 2, 31:horribilis,
id. ib. 7, 36:agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius,
Cic. Sen. 16, 57:horum hominum species est honestissima,
id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:ad speciem magnifico ornatu,
as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:populi,
id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7:turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens,
Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.:fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus,
Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.—Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance:3.ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,
Cic. Phil. 11, 3:non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,
Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi idean appellabant:B.nos recte speciem possumus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30:insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae,
id. Or. 5, 18:excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus,
id. ib. 14, 43:species, forma et notio viri boni,
id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.:prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni,
id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 208:utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret,
Curt. 7, 1, 36.—In partic.1.A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).a.In gen.:b. (α).obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt,
Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81:ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc.,
id. Lael. 13, 47:cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti,
Sall. J. 29, 4:fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris,
Liv. 9, 11:specie liberā... re verā, etc.,
id. 35, 31; cf.:litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse,
id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt,
id. 7, 15, 7:si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset,
id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia,
id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere,
id. Off. 3, 4, 16:si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur,
id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence,With abl.:(β).fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14.—With sub:(γ).sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum,
Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.—With per:(δ).per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum,
Liv. 9, 30, 8:per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc.,
id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.—With in:2.si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,
Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence:haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,
Liv. 24, 1, 8:dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,
id. 3, 9, 13; so,ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.—Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.):3.inque chori ludunt speciem,
Ov. M. 3, 685:in montis speciem curvari,
id. ib. 15, 509; cf.:scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,
Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.:C.dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā,
Cic. Pis. 11, 24:adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam,
id. de Or. 2, 72, 294:speciem candoremque caeli,
id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39:specie et motu capere homines,
id. Brut. 62, 224:triumpho praebere speciem,
Liv. 34, 52, 10:addere speciem,
id. 37, 40; 9, 40:si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203:ducit te species,
id. S. 2, 2, 35:speciem Saturnia vaccae probat,
Ov. M. 1, 612:juvenis,
Juv. 10, 310:corporis,
Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.—Transf.1.Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. eidôgon).a.An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125:b.repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem,
Ov. M. 9, 473:voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit,
id. ib. 11, 677:in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc.,
Liv. 8, 6:per nocturnas species,
id. 26, 19; cf.:mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem,
id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.—A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor... Sancta Jovis species... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, [p. 1737] 12, 21.—2.Reputation, honor:3.o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant,
Cic. Dom. 33, 89.—The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species:b.species pars est generis,
App. Asclep. p. 78, 26:harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.:genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,
Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—In later jurid. lang., a special case:c.proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,
Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.— -
46 fel
fel, fellis, n. [Gr. cholos, gall; cf. Germ. Galle; Engl. gall], the gall-bladder, gall, bile (cf. bilis):B.jecur a dextra parte sub praecordiis: ex inferiore parte ei fel inhaeret,
Cels. 4, 1; cf. Plin. 11, 37, 74, § 191; 31, 10, 46, § 119; Ov. M. 2, 777:gallinaceum,
Cic. Div. 2, 12, 29:nigrum,
Plin. 11, 37, 75, § 193:piscis,
Vulg. Tobiae, 6, 5.—In plur.:fella,
Ser. Samm. 19, 333; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 19; id. Tard. 1, 4 fin. al.— Poet.:hic vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro Felle dolor, because the bile was regarded as the seat of rage,
Verg. A. 8, 220.—Transf.1.Poisonous liquid, poison ( poet.):2.vipereum,
Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 16; id. P. 1, 2, 18:sagitta armata felle veneni,
Verg. A. 12, 857.—Fel terrae, a plant, the lesser centaury, the fumitory (Fumaria officinalis, Linn.), Plin. 25, 6, 31, § 68.—II.Trop. (only in poets, whereas bilis is used in the trop. signif. also in good prose), bitterness, acrimony, animosity (syn.: bilis, stomachus, invidia, livor;odium): amor et melle et felle est fecundissimus,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 70; cf.:corda felle sunt lita,
id. Truc. 1, 2, 77:omnia jam tristi tempora felle madent,
Tib. 2, 4, 11; Mart. 7, 25. -
47 fulcio
fulcĭo, fulsi, fultum, 4 (late form perf. FVLCIVIT, Inscr. ap. Mur. 466, 3.— Part. perf.:I.fulcītus,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 46), v. a. [etym. dub.; cf.: falx, flccto; Corss. refers it to root dhar-; v. firmus, Ausspr. 1, 476], to prop up, to keep upright by props, to stay, support (class.; syn.: sustento, sustineo, munio).Lit.:B.qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:aliquid trabibus,
Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 89:Atlas, caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Verg. A. 4, 247:vitis nisi fulta est, fertur ad terram,
Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:ruentes ceras,
Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23:illum Balbutit Scaurum pravis fultum male talis,
supported, Hor. S. 1, 3, 48; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 88:quod non Taenariis domus est mihi fulta columnis,
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49:longis Numidarum fulta columnis cenatio,
Juv. 7, 182; 3, 193:si mutuatus pecuniam aedificia ruentia fulserit,
Gai. Inst. 4, 73:me prior fultusque toro meliore,
Juv. 3, 82: et pulvino fultus, supported by, resting on the pillow, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 6, 53:ille (juvencus) latus niveum molli fultus byacintho,
Verg. E. 6, 53; cf. effultus; so absol.:colloco, fulcio,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 10:caput nivei fultum Pallantis,
propped up, bolstered, Verg. A. 11, 39.— Impers.:sat sic fultumst mihi,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 37.— Poet.:tu (potes) pedibus teneris positas fulcire pruinas?
i. e. to tread the fallen snow, Prop. 1, 8, 7:stant fulti pulvere crines,
supported, stiffened, Stat. Th. 3, 326.—Transf., to make strong or fast, to fasten, secure, support, strengthen ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):II.fultosque emuniit obice postes,
fastened, guarded, Verg. A. 8, 227; cf.:appositā janua fulta serā,
Ov. A. A. 2, 244:et dura janua fulta sera,
Tib. 1, 2, 6:omnia debet cibus integrare novando Et fulcire cibus, cibus omnia sustentare,
to support, strengthen, Lucr. 2, 1147:stomachum cibo,
Sen. Ep. 68 med.:venas cadentes vino,
id. ib. 95; cf. Col. 6, 24, 4.—Trop.A.To support, sustain, uphold:* B.veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortuna, fide,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43; cf.:labantem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,
id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:domum pluribus adminiculis ante fundatam fulcit ac sustinet,
Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3;cf: ingenia rudia nullisque artium bonarum adminiculis fulta,
Gell. 6, 2, 8:hoc consilio et quasi senatu fultus et munitus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9:aliquem litteris,
id. Att. 5, 21, 14:magnis subsidiis fulta res publica est,
id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:imperium gloria fultum et benevolentiā sociorum,
id. Off. 3, 22, 88:his fultus societatibus atque amicitiis,
Liv. 42, 12, 8; 3, 60, 9; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 11; cf.:quia nullis recentibus subsidiis fulta prima acies fuit,
Liv. 9, 32, 9:quo praesidio cum fulta res Romana esset,
id. 7, 12, 8:causa Gaditanorum gravissimis et plurimis rebus est fulta,
Cic. Balb. 15, 35:serie fulcite genus,
i. e. to keep up, preserve, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 69.—Poet., to besiege, oppress:(Pacuvii) Antiopa aerumnis cor luctificabile fulta,
Pers. 1, 78 (perh. a word of Pacuv.). -
48 actus
1.actus, a, um, P. a., from ago.2.actus, ūs, m. [ago].I.A.. The moving or driving of an object, impulse, motion: linguae actu, Pacuv. ap. Non. 506, 17:B.mellis constantior est natura... et cunctantior actus,
Lucr. 3, 192:levi admonitu, non actu, inflectit illam feram,
by driving, Cic. Rep. 2, 40:fertur in abruptum magno mons inprobus actu,
Verg. A. 12, 687:pila contorsit violento spiritus actu,
Sen. Agam. 432; hominum aut animalium actu vehiculum adhibemus, Cael. Aurel. Tard. 1, 1.— Hence,Transf.1.The right of driving cattle through a place, a passage for cattle:2.aquae ductus, haustus, iter, actus,
Cic. Caec. 26; Ulp. Dig. 8, 3, 1.—A road between fields; a cart- or carriage-way, Dig. 8, 1, 5; 8, 5, 4; 43, 19, 1 al.—And,3.A measure or piece of land (in quo boves aguntur, cum aratur, cum impetu justo, Plin. 18, 59): actus minimus, 120 feet long and 4 feet wide: quadratus, 120 feet square; and duplicatus, 240 feet long and 120 feet wide, Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll.; id. R. R. 1, 10; Paul. ex Fest. p. 17 Müll. Also a division made by bees in a hive, Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 22.II. A.In gen. (so not in Cic.; for Leg. 1, 11, inst. of pravis actibus, is to be read, pravitatibus;B.but often in the post-Aug. per.): post actum operis,
Quint. 2, 18, 1:in vero actu rei,
id. 7, 2, 41:rhetorice in actu consistit,
id. 2, 18, 2:donec residua diurni actus conficeret,
Suet. Aug. 78; so id. Claud. 30:non consenserat actibus eorum,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 51.—Esp.1.Public employment, business of state, esp. judicial:2.actus rerum,
jurisdiction, Suet. Aug. 32; id. Claud. 15, 23; also absol. actus, Dig. 39, 4, 16; 40, 5, 41 al.—The action accompanying oral delivery.a.Of an orator:b.motus est in his orationis et actus,
Quint. 9, 2, 4; 11, 3, 140.—Of an actor: the representation of a play, a part, a character, etc.:neque enim histrioni, ut placeat, peragenda est fabula, modo in quocunque fuerit actu, probetur,
Cic. de Sen. 19, 70:carminum actus,
recital, Liv. 7, 2:histrionum actus,
Quint. 10, 2, 11:in tragico quodam actu, cum elapsum baculum cito resumpsisset,
Suet. Ner. 24.—Hence, also, a larger division of a play, an act:primo actu placeo,
Ter. Hec. prol. 31:neque minor quinto, nec sit productior actu Fabula,
Hor. A. P. 189, and trop. (in Cic. very often):extremus actus aetatis,
Cic. de Sen. 2; id. Marcell. 9:quartus actus improbitatis,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 6; so id. Phil. 2, 14; id. Fam. 5, 12 al. [p. 26] -
49 discrimen
discrīmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from discerimen à discerno; cf. crimen from cerno], lit., that which separates or divides two things from each other (for syn. cf.: differentia, discrepantia, diversitas, distantia); hence,I.Lit., an intervening space, interval, distance, division, separation:II.cum (duo maria) pertenui discrimine separarentur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:minimum quos inter et hostem Discrimen murus clausaque porta facit,
Ov. Pont. 1, 8, 62:aequo discrimine,
Lucr. 5, 690; Verg. A. 5, 154:parvum leti,
Ov. M. 7, 426; Verg. A. 9, 143:dare discrimina costis,
i. e. to separate them, id. ib. 10, 382:quae (sc. littera F) inter discrimina dentium efflanda est,
Quint. 12, 10, 29:agminum,
Curt. 4, 12 fin.:ungulae,
Col. 6, 15 fin.:comae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 302; and in like manner poet.: telluris pectitae, i. e. furrow, Col. Poët. 10, 94; Claud. Nupt. Honor. 103:medium luci,
Grat. Cyneg. 486.—Hence, med. t. t., the dividing membrane, the midriff, diaphragm, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127; 5, 10, 124 al.—Trop. (so most frequent).A.In gen., a distinction, difference: amabat omnes, nam discrimen non facit, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 27:B.iste, qui omnia jura pretio exaequasset omniumque rerum delectum atque discrimen pecunia sustulisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50; cf.:officia tollebantur delectu omni et discrimine remoto,
id. Fin. 4, 25, 69:sit hoc discrimen inter gratiosos cives atque fortes, ut illi, etc.,
id. Balb. 21 fin.:sine ullo sexus discrimine,
Suet. Calig. 8; cf.:rapti per agros viatores sine discrimine liberi servique,
id. Aug. 32:omisso sui alicuique discrimine,
Liv. 5, 55:divinarum humanarumque rerum,
id. 5, 40:recti pravique,
Quint. 12, 3, 7:vocum,
id. 1, 5, 25; cf.so of the different tones of the strings: septem discrimina vocum,
Verg. A. 6, 646 et saep.— Poet.:tenues parvi discriminis umbrae,
i. e. of easy gradation, Ov. M. 6, 62. —In partic.1.With respect to disputed matters, which are to be distinguished between, and thus decided upon, the decisive point, turning-point, critical moment, determination, decision:2.quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est, utrum ille poenas rei publicae luat, an nos serviamus,
to this point, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 29; cf.:ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum... an, etc.,
id. Quint. 30, 92; Liv. 29, 17:vicit disciplina militaris, vicit imperii majestas, quae in discrimine fuerunt, an ulla post hanc diem essent,
id. 8, 35, 4: haec et his similia haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, shall not regard as of great moment, id. praef. §8: postquam adesse discrimen ultimum belli animadvertit,
id. 44, 23:instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt,
abandon the most decisive points, Quint. 6, 4, 17 et saep.— Poet.:experiar, deus hic, discrimine aperto, An sit mortalis,
the test, Ov. M. 1, 222.—Transf., a dangerous, decisive moment, crisis, dangerous condition; risk, danger, hazard:in ipso discrimine periculi aliquem destituere,
Liv. 6, 17; so,periculi,
id. 8, 24: in summo rem esse discrimine, * Caes. B. G. 6, 38, 2; cf.:adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum pene discrimen,
Cic. Phil. 7, 1:salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:in extremo discrimine ac dimicatione fortunae,
id. Sull. 28:in veteris fortunae discrimen adducitur,
id. Mur. 27, 55; cf.:aliquem in discrimen capitis adducere,
id. Deiot. 1, 2; so,capitis,
Quint. 11, 1, 49:si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,
Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:rem publicam in discrimen committere,
Liv. 8, 32; 33, 7; cf.:fuitque dies illa tenebrarum et discriminis,
Vulg. Esth. 11, 8. -
50 fauces
fauces, ium ( sing. nom. faux only in Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127, =arteria aspera; cf. Varr. L. L. 10, § 78 Müll.; Charis. p. 72 P. —The abl. sing. fauce sometimes in poets: Ov. H. 9, 98; id. M. 14, 738; Hor. Epod. 14, 4; Phaedr. 1, 1, 3; 1, 8, 4; Mart. 7, 37, 6 al.), f. [cf. Sanscr. bhūka, hole, opening], the upper part of the throat, from the root of the tongue to the entrance of the gullet, the pharynx, throat, gullet (syn.: gula, guttur, jugulum).I.Lit.: summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus;II.quibus fauces non sunt, ne stomachus quidem est,
Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:exigua in arteria sub ipsis faucibus lingula est, quae, cum spiramus, attollitur,
Cels. 4, 1: (galli) favent faucibus russis cantu, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 (Trag. v. 250 ed. Vahl.):sitis fauces tenet,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 34:sitis fauces urit,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 214:lippiunt fauces fame,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 39; 1, 2, 36:fauces tussientes,
Cels. 5, 25, 11:nuces videntur fauces exasperare,
Plin. 23, 8, 74, § 142:fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, etc.,
Quint. 11, 3, 20:infirmatis faucibus, praeconis voce concionatus est,
Suet. Aug. 84 fin.:propino tibi salutem plenis faucibus,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 16:merum ingurgitare faucibus plenis,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 39:exscrea usque ex penitis faucibus,
from the bottom of your throat, id. As. 1, 1, 28:alicui fauces prehendere,
id. Most. 1, 3, 62; cf.:qui sacerdoti scelestus fauces interpresserit,
id. Rud. 3, 2, 41:laqueo innectere fauces,
to strangle, Ov. M. 10, 378; cf.also: ad necem secandasque novacula fauces,
Suet. Calig. 23:fauces manu sua oppressit,
id. ib. 12:retinens singulos et contortis faucibus convertens,
id. Caes. 62.— Trop.:faucibus teneor,
I am caught by the throat, I feel the knife at my throat, Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 4; cf.:cum faucibus premeretur,
Cic. Clu. 31, 84:Timarchides premit fauces defensionis tuae,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176: eripite nos ex faucibus eorum, quorum crudelitas, etc., from the jaws, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 225; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:urbem totius belli ore ac faucibus ereptam esse,
id. Arch. 9, 21:e mediis Orci faucibus ad hunc evasi modum,
App. M. 7, p. 191:cum inexplebiles populi fauces exaruerunt libertatis siti,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43:lupus fauce improba incitatus,
i. e. voracity, Phaedr. 1, 2, 3.—Transf., of places:A.A narrow way, narrow inlet or outlet, an entrance, defile, pass (cf. angustiae): Corinthus posita in angustiis atque in faucibus Graeciae, in the mouth or entrance, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:B.in Ciliciae angustissimis faucibus,
Curt. 7, 4; cf.:qua fauces erant angustissimae portus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 25, 5:portus,
id. ib. 3, 24, 1;3, 39, 2: Masinissam persecutus in valle arta, faucibus utrimque obsessis, inclusit,
Liv. 29, 32, 4:Aemilius sedens in faucibus macelli,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 145; so,macelli,
id. Quint. 6, 25:per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,
the crater, Lucr. 6, 630:cava flumina siccis faucibus, etc.,
Verg. G. 4, 428:altae montis,
Lucr. 6, 697:Nilus multis faucibus in Aegyptium mare se evomit,
through many mouths, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54:Bospori,
the Dardanelles, id. 6, 1, 1, § 4; Sil. 12, 127:cum fornacem facies, fauces praecipites deorsum facito,
Cato, R. R. 38, 3: pictis e faucibus currus emittere, from the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 89 ed. Vahl.).— -
51 commodo
1.commŏdŏ, adv., v. commodus, adv. B. 2.2.commŏdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. commodus].I.To adjust according to a measure, to make fit, suitable, or right, to adapt, accommodate, put in order (ante-class. and post-Aug.):B.trapetum,
Cato, R. R. 135 fin.; Col. 4, 22, 5; Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 3 al.—Trop.:II.commoda loquelam tuam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 75:ita praeceptorem eloquentiae... se commodaturum singulis,
Quint. 2, 8, 4:si te commodaveris mihi,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:(arithmetica) avaritiae commodat digitos,
fits, adapts, id. Ep. 88, 10:(servi) nulli sceleri manus commodabunt,
id. Ben. 3, 20, 2:operam suam Prisco ad turpissimum ministerium commodasse,
Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 23:orationi oculos, vocem, manum,
id. Pan. 71, 6.— Absol.:caecus claudo pede commodat,
Aus. Epigr. 133.—Commodare aliquid ( alicui), to give something to one for his convenience or use, to give, bestow, lend (acc. to accurate jurid. distinction, of things that are themselves, in natura, to be returned, while mutuum dare is used of things for which an equivalent is given; cf. Dig. 44, 7, 1;B.freq. and class.): aquam hosti, operam civi,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21 sq.; cf. Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 23:nam meritus de me est, quod queam illi ut commodem,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 34:quibus tu quaecumque commodaris, erunt mihi gratissima,
Cic. Fam. 13, 48 init.:quicquid sine detrimento possit commodari, id tribuatur vel ignoto,
id. Off. 1, 16, 51:ut dando et accipiendo mutuandisque facultatibus et commodandis nullā re egeremus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 15 B. and K.; cf. Non. p. 275, 15:paenulam,
Quint. 6, 3, 64:testes falsos,
to furnish, supply, Sall. C. 16, 2:manum morituro,
Vell. 2, 70 fin.:aurum Caelio,
Cic. Cael. 13, 32; cf. Quint. 5, 13,30:aedes ad nuptias,
Auct. Her. 4, 51, 64:nomen suum alicui,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42, § 91; cf. Tac. A. 15, 53:vires suas aliis eas commodando, minuere,
Liv. 34, 12, 5:sanguinem alienae dominationi,
Tac. Agr. 32 Orell. N. cr.: parvis peccatis veniam, magnis severitatem, id. ib. 19: aurem patientem culturae, as in Engl., to lend an ear to, * Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 40; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 86; Stat. Th. 4, 75 (opp. donare):ut haec a virtute donata, cetera a fortunā commodata esse videantur,
Cic. Marcell. 6, 19 al. —Hence,Of time for a payment, to grant, allow:C.ut rei publicae, ex quā crevissent, tempus commodarent,
Liv. 23, 48, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.—Commodare alicui, aliquā re, in aliquā re, or absol., to please one, be kind or obliging to, to serve, favor (class.):1. 2.ut omnibus rebus, quod sine molestiā tuā facere possis, ei commodes,
Cic. Fam. 13, 35, 2; 13, 53, 1; cf.:alicui omnibus in rebus,
id. ib. 13, 32, 2; and:commodare tantum ei in hac re,
id. ib. 13, 37 fin.:si tuam ob causam cuiquam commodes,
id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:ut eo libentius iis commodes,
id. Fam. 13, 54: credetur;commodabo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 19:publice commodasti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:illis benignis usus est ad commodandum, id. ib, 2, 4, 3, § 6: studiis commodandi favetur,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 207: cui ego quibus cumque rebus potero lubentissime commodabo, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 275, 17.—Hence, commŏdā-tum, i, n.; in the jurists,A contract for a loan, Dig. 13, 6, 1, § 1; 13, 6, 17, § 3; Gai Inst. 4, 33. -
52 praesumo
praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).I.Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):II.neve domi praesume dapes,
Ov. A. A. 3, 757:allium,
Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:praesumere cibis frigidam,
id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:remedia,
Tac. A. 14, 3:heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:praesumptum diadema,
assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:suam cenam praesumit,
takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—Trop.A.To take in advance:B.praesumere male audiendi patientiam,
to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,
who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,
id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—To perform beforehand, to anticipate:C.heredum officia praesumere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,
id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—To spend or employ beforehand:D.sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,
Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,
enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:E.arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,
Verg. A. 11, 18:futura,
Sen. Ep. 107, 3:semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,
Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;hence, praesumptum habere,
to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),
App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:F.fortunam alicujus,
Tac. A. 12, 41:eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,
Just. 6, 2.—To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:G.ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,
Dig. 12, 6, 3:vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,
ib. 12, 3, 7.—To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):H.tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,
Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—To trust, be confident (late Lat.):quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,
Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:de tuā misericordiā,
id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):praesumpta desperatio,
Quint. 1 prooem.:opinio,
preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:spes,
Sil. 7, 582:suspicio,
Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 31:quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,
let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4. -
53 praesumpte
praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).I.Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):II.neve domi praesume dapes,
Ov. A. A. 3, 757:allium,
Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:praesumere cibis frigidam,
id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:remedia,
Tac. A. 14, 3:heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:praesumptum diadema,
assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:suam cenam praesumit,
takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—Trop.A.To take in advance:B.praesumere male audiendi patientiam,
to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,
who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,
id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—To perform beforehand, to anticipate:C.heredum officia praesumere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,
id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—To spend or employ beforehand:D.sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,
Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,
enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:E.arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,
Verg. A. 11, 18:futura,
Sen. Ep. 107, 3:semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,
Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;hence, praesumptum habere,
to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),
App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:F.fortunam alicujus,
Tac. A. 12, 41:eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,
Just. 6, 2.—To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:G.ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,
Dig. 12, 6, 3:vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,
ib. 12, 3, 7.—To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):H.tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,
Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—To trust, be confident (late Lat.):quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,
Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:de tuā misericordiā,
id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):praesumpta desperatio,
Quint. 1 prooem.:opinio,
preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:spes,
Sil. 7, 582:suspicio,
Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 31:quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,
let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4. -
54 praesumtus
praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).I.Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):II.neve domi praesume dapes,
Ov. A. A. 3, 757:allium,
Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:praesumere cibis frigidam,
id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:remedia,
Tac. A. 14, 3:heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:praesumptum diadema,
assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:suam cenam praesumit,
takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—Trop.A.To take in advance:B.praesumere male audiendi patientiam,
to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,
who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,
id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—To perform beforehand, to anticipate:C.heredum officia praesumere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,
id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—To spend or employ beforehand:D.sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,
Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,
enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:E.arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,
Verg. A. 11, 18:futura,
Sen. Ep. 107, 3:semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,
Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;hence, praesumptum habere,
to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),
App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:F.fortunam alicujus,
Tac. A. 12, 41:eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,
Just. 6, 2.—To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:G.ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,
Dig. 12, 6, 3:vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,
ib. 12, 3, 7.—To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):H.tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,
Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—To trust, be confident (late Lat.):quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,
Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:de tuā misericordiā,
id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):praesumpta desperatio,
Quint. 1 prooem.:opinio,
preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:spes,
Sil. 7, 582:suspicio,
Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 31:quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,
let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4. -
55 successus
1.successus, a, um, Part. of succedo.2.successus, ūs, m. [succedo].I.(Acc. to succedo, I.) An advance, approach (very rare).A.Lit.:B.successus et incursus hostium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 20:equorum,
Verg. A. 12, 616.—Transf. (post-class.), a place which one goes down into, a cavern:II.terrarum,
Arn. 5, 173; 7, 251.—(Acc. to succedo, II.) A succession of time, continuance (post-class.):B.continuo totius temporis successu,
Just. 1, 8, 14:ex successu continuae felicitatis obliviscitur se hominem,
id. 16, 5, 8.—Trop., a happy issue, good result, success (the usual signif.;2.perh. not ante-Aug.): successu exsultans,
Verg. A. 2, 386:Mnestheus successu acrior ipso,
id. ib. 5, 210:hos successus alit,
id. ib. 5, 231:successum dea dira negat,
id. ib. 12, 914; cf.:multo successu Fabiis audaciam crescere,
Liv. 2, 50, 3:contentus fortuito successu,
id. 42, 66, 2:elatus successu,
id. ib. § 3: successumque artes non habuere meae, Ov. R. [p. 1788] Am. 624:successu rerum ferocior,
Tac. H. 4, 28; Ov. M. 6, 130; 8, 384; 8, 495 al.:successus improborum plures allicit,
Phaedr. 2, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 2, 24; 10, 7, 13; Plin. 7, 7, 5, § 44:petitionum,
id. 28, 8, 27, § 106:artis,
id. 35, 9, 36, § 67:nec successum victoriae moderatus est,
Suet. Aug. 13:tantusque rerum successu haberi coeptus est,
Just. 17, 3, 22:successu rerum florentes opes,
id. 18, 6, 1; 21, 6, 1.— Plur.:pleni successibus anni,
Ov. M. 8, 273:successus prosperos dare, Liv. prooem. § 13: ne successibus deesset auctoritas,
Just. 2, 4, 13.— -
56 circumscribo
circum-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.I.Prop., to draw a line around, to circumscribe, enclose in a circle (in good prose;II.very freq. in Cic.): orbem,
Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 23:lineas extremas umbrae,
Quint. 10, 2, 7:virgulā stantem,
Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 23:virgā regem,
Liv. 45, 12, 5:aeneā fibulā pars auriculae latissima circumscribitur,
Col. 6, 5, 4:terram surculo heliotropii,
Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 60.—Trop.A.To draw a line as the circumference of a thing (cf. Quint. 12, 10, 5), i. e. to define, encompass, enclose, lim it, bound, circumscribe (syn.: definio, describo, termino):B.nullis ut terminis (orator) circumscribat aut definiat jus suum,
Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 70; cf.:genus universum brevi circumscribi et definiri potest,
id. Sest. 45, 97:exiguum nobis vitae curriculum natura circumscripsit, immensum gloriae,
id. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est,
id. Arch. 11, 29:ante enim circumscribitur mente sententia confestimque verba concurrunt,
id. Or. 59, 200:locum habitandi alicui,
id. Par. 2, 18:Oceanus undique circumscribit omnes terras et ambit,
Gell. 12, 13, 20:uti mihi dicas et quasi circumscribas verbis, quid homo sit,
id. 4, 1, 12.—To bring within narrow bounds, i. e. to contract, hem in, circumscribe, to hinder free action, to restrain, confine, limit, etc. (syn.: claudo, includo, coërceo).(α).Esp., of the restrictions or hinderances imposed by one magistracy or authority upon another:(β).Senatus credo praetorem eum circumscripsisset,
Cic. Mil. 33, 88 (cf. just before:an consules in praetore coërcendo fortes fuissent),
id. Att. 7, 9, 2; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 72:ille se fluvio Rubicone et CC. milibus circumscriptum esse patiatur?
Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:gulam et ventrem,
Sen. Ep. 108, 14:circumscribere corpus et animo locum laxare,
id. ib. 15, 2:laudes,
id. Cons. ad Helv. 19, 7.—In gen.:2.uno genere genus hoc aratorum,
to comprehend in one class, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149 Zumpt:totum Dionysium sex epitomis circumscripsit,
abridged, Col. 1, 1, 10:ut luxuriam vilitate circumscribamus,
Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 4.—In later medic. lang. circumscribi = minui, to abate, subside:C.gravedo circumscribitur,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10; so id. Acut. 2, 10 fin. —To encircle or go around by writing = scribendo circumdare, i. e. to deceive, cheat, circumvent, entrap, insnare (syn.:2.circumvenio, decipio): fallacibus et captiosis interrogationibus circumscripti atque decepti,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 46; Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131; 33, 3, 14, § 48: non circumscribetur, qui ita se gesserit, ut dicat, etc., will not be deceived, i. e. will commit no error, Sen. Q. N. 5, 1, 3; id. Ep. 82, 19.—In mercantile lang., to deprive of money, to overreach, defraud:3.adulescentulos,
Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 7; Juv. 10, 222; 14, 237:ab Roscio HS. I[C ][C ]. circumscriptus,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:vectigalia,
to embezzle, Quint. Decl. 340.—In law, to defeat the purpose of a law, a will, etc., by a forced or too literal interpretation:4.legem,
Dig. 4, 3, 18 fin.:ita circumscripto testamento,
Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 4; Front. Aquaed. 112: constitutiones, Lact. de Ira Dei, 8.—Of circumlocution, to involve in language:D.oratio rem simplicem circumscribens elocutione,
Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43; cf.:facetis jocis sacrilegium circumscribens,
covering, Just. 39, 2, 5.—To cancel; to declare invalid, to annul, invalidate, void, set aside (cf. circumduco, II. D.):1.hoc omni tempore Sullano ex accusatione circumscripto,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 43 (sublato, circumducto, praetermisso, Ascon.):circumscriptis igitur iis seutentiis, quas posui, etc.,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 31.—Hence, circumscriptus, a, um, P. a.(Acc. to II. A.) In rhet., rounded into periods, periodic:2.circumscripti verborum ambitus,
Cic. Or. 12, 38; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 5, and v. circumscriptio.— Adv.: circum-scriptē, in periods:circumscripte numeroseque dicere,
Cic. Or. 66, 221: circumscripte complecti singulas res. id. N. D. 2, 59, 147.—(Acc. to II. B.) Restricted, limited:brevis et circumscripta quaedam explicatio,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:(vis orationis) pressior et circumscriptior et adductior,
Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.— Adv.: circum-scriptē, summarily:circumscripte et breviter ostendere,
Lact. 5, 14, 8; 5, 9, 20. — Sup. of the adj., and comp. and sup. of the adv. not in use. -
57 conduco
con-dūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. and n.I.Act., to draw, bring, or lead together, to assemble, collect (class. in prose and poetry).A.In gen.1.Of persons (esp. freq. of the collecting, assembling of troops in any place): milites de castellis ad castra, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 514, 7:2.populum in forum,
Varr. ib. p. 274, 20:exercitum in unum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2:eo copias omnes,
id. B. C. 3, 13 fin.:copias suas,
id. B. G. 6, 31 init.; cf.auxilia,
Liv. 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8:dispersas suorum copias,
Tac. H. 4, 71:virgines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 3:omnis clientes suos eodem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:milites in unum,
Sall. J. 51, 3; cf. Tac. A. 4, 47.—Of inanimate objects:B.vineas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 17:nubila,
Ov. M. 1, 572 al. —Esp.,1.Intens., to connect, unite, by bringing together, = cogo, colligo.a.Prop. (so several times in Lucr., elsewhere rare):b.partes in unum,
Lucr. 1, 398; 3, 533; cf. id. 1, 651; 6, 968; Vitr. 8, 1 fin.:cortice ramos,
Ov. M. 4, 375:lac,
to coagulate, curdle, Col. 7, 8, 1:conducere musculum aut laxare,
to contract, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, n. 8:ubi sunt nervi, interiores conducunt membra,
Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:vulnera cerā,
to close up, Val. Fl. 1, 479 al. —Trop.:2.propositionem et assumptionem in unum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 73; cf. Quint. 5, 14, 9:omnia probra in deorum maledicta,
Arn. 4, p. 146:dies adeo conductus,
i. e. short, Sol. 22.—T. t. of the lang. of business, to hire, take on lease, to farm (correlative of locare; cf. Dig. 19, 2, 1; very freq. and class.).a.To hire for one's use, to hire, rent, employ; of things:(α).aedes aliquas mihi,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 17; Suet. Tib. 35; cf.: domum in Palatio, [p. 410] Cic. Cael. 7, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 7:hortum,
id. Fam. 16, 18, 2:qui colonus habuit conductum de Caesenniā fundum,
id. Caecin. 32, 94:habitationem in annum,
Dig. 19, 2, 19:ad certum tempus,
ib. 19, 2, 14:insulam,
ib. 19, 2, 30:conduxi domum a te,
Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 2:nummos,
to borrow, Hor. S. 1, 2, 9; cf.pecuniam,
Juv. 11, 46.—Esp., of persons:ille qui me conduxit, ubi conduxit, abduxit domum,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 11:cocum,
id. Ps. 3, 2, 10 and 15; id. Aul. 2, 4, 1:fidicinam, quae cantaret sibi,
id. Ep. 2, 3, 10:meretricem,
id. Bacch. 5, 1, 11; cf. id. Am. 1, 1, 131; Nep. praef. § 4; and poet.:torum,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 44:consulem vestrum ad caedem faciendam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:praeceptores publice,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 6:choragum,
Suet. Aug. 70:homines,
Caes. B. G. 2, 1; so, militem (the Gr. xenologein), to hire soldiers, Curt. 3, 1, 1; 3, 9, 2 al.; cf. the foll. subst. —With ut or quin: aliquem uti taceat, to hire, bribe, employ, Cato ap. Gell. 1, 15, 10; cf.:tribus non conduci possim libertatibus, quin, etc.,
could not be hired, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 68; cf. Lucil. ap. Non. p. 274, 21:mercede aliquem,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22:mercede diurnā conductus,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:pictorem magno pretio,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1.— Subst.conducti, ōrum, m., hirelings, mercenary soldiers, Hor. A. P. 431; Nep. Dat. 8, 2; cf. Liv. 30, 7, 10; 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8 al.—Hence, poet.:(β).bella conducta,
carried on by mercenary troops, Sil. 5, 196. —conductum, i, n., any thing hired, esp. a house, dwelling, etc., Cic. Clu. 62, 175; Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 3; Petr. 9, 4; Dig. 9, 3, 1; cf.:b.locati conducti,
ib. 19, 2 tit.: actio ex conducto, an action upon a lease or contract, ib. 19, 2, 19, §§ 4 and 8 al.—To undertake any service (building, transportation, the customs, etc.), to contract for, farm:II.caedundum illum (agnum) ego conduxi,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 31; cf.:caedundos agnos,
id. Capt. 4, 2, 39:redemptor, qui columnam illam de Cottā conduxerat faciendam,
Cic. Div. 2, 21, 47:locare faciendum quod ego conduxeram,
Dig. 19, 2, 48; so,mulierem vehendam nave,
ib. 19, 2, 19:aliquem docendum,
ib. 19, 2, 13, § 3; 13, 6, 19:praebenda, quae ad exercitum opus essent,
to undertake the supplies, Liv. 23, 48, 11:vectigalia,
to farm, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9; Liv. 43, 16, 2:tabulas in Italiam portandas,
Vell. 1, 13, 4; so,portorium,
Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47 al. —Neutr., to contribute to something by being useful, to be of use or profitable, to profit, serve, etc. (syn.: convenit, utile est; class.; used only in the 3 d pers. of the sing. and plur.); constr. with in, ad aliquid, the dat., or absol.(α).With in:(β).quod tuam in rem bene conducat,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 4; so, maxime in rempublicam, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 274, 29:in commune,
Tac. A. 2, 38.—With ad:(γ).ad ventris victum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 6:ad vitae commoditatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9.—With dat. (so most freq.):(δ).huic aetati non conducit latebrosus locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 22:maxime rei publicae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 27, 101:neque homini infanti injuste facta conducunt,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; Col. 9, 1, 3:omnibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:tuae laudi,
id. Fam. 13, 48:nostris rationibus,
id. Att. 1, 1, 2:maxime sibi,
Quint. 11, 1, 12:alvo citae (vinum),
Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41:proposito,
Hor. A. P. 195 et saep.:imbres non conducunt vitibus,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14.—Absol.:dubitare non possumus. quin ea maxime conducant, quae sunt rectissima,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2:conducere arbitror talibus auris tuas vocibus undique circumsonare,
id. Off. 3, 2, 5.—Hence, P. a. as subst.; v. I. C. 2. b fin. supra.— Adv.: condūcenter, becomingly, fitly, Gell. 16, 12, 4. -
58 conducti
con-dūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. and n.I.Act., to draw, bring, or lead together, to assemble, collect (class. in prose and poetry).A.In gen.1.Of persons (esp. freq. of the collecting, assembling of troops in any place): milites de castellis ad castra, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 514, 7:2.populum in forum,
Varr. ib. p. 274, 20:exercitum in unum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2:eo copias omnes,
id. B. C. 3, 13 fin.:copias suas,
id. B. G. 6, 31 init.; cf.auxilia,
Liv. 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8:dispersas suorum copias,
Tac. H. 4, 71:virgines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 3:omnis clientes suos eodem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:milites in unum,
Sall. J. 51, 3; cf. Tac. A. 4, 47.—Of inanimate objects:B.vineas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 17:nubila,
Ov. M. 1, 572 al. —Esp.,1.Intens., to connect, unite, by bringing together, = cogo, colligo.a.Prop. (so several times in Lucr., elsewhere rare):b.partes in unum,
Lucr. 1, 398; 3, 533; cf. id. 1, 651; 6, 968; Vitr. 8, 1 fin.:cortice ramos,
Ov. M. 4, 375:lac,
to coagulate, curdle, Col. 7, 8, 1:conducere musculum aut laxare,
to contract, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, n. 8:ubi sunt nervi, interiores conducunt membra,
Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:vulnera cerā,
to close up, Val. Fl. 1, 479 al. —Trop.:2.propositionem et assumptionem in unum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 73; cf. Quint. 5, 14, 9:omnia probra in deorum maledicta,
Arn. 4, p. 146:dies adeo conductus,
i. e. short, Sol. 22.—T. t. of the lang. of business, to hire, take on lease, to farm (correlative of locare; cf. Dig. 19, 2, 1; very freq. and class.).a.To hire for one's use, to hire, rent, employ; of things:(α).aedes aliquas mihi,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 17; Suet. Tib. 35; cf.: domum in Palatio, [p. 410] Cic. Cael. 7, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 7:hortum,
id. Fam. 16, 18, 2:qui colonus habuit conductum de Caesenniā fundum,
id. Caecin. 32, 94:habitationem in annum,
Dig. 19, 2, 19:ad certum tempus,
ib. 19, 2, 14:insulam,
ib. 19, 2, 30:conduxi domum a te,
Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 2:nummos,
to borrow, Hor. S. 1, 2, 9; cf.pecuniam,
Juv. 11, 46.—Esp., of persons:ille qui me conduxit, ubi conduxit, abduxit domum,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 11:cocum,
id. Ps. 3, 2, 10 and 15; id. Aul. 2, 4, 1:fidicinam, quae cantaret sibi,
id. Ep. 2, 3, 10:meretricem,
id. Bacch. 5, 1, 11; cf. id. Am. 1, 1, 131; Nep. praef. § 4; and poet.:torum,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 44:consulem vestrum ad caedem faciendam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:praeceptores publice,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 6:choragum,
Suet. Aug. 70:homines,
Caes. B. G. 2, 1; so, militem (the Gr. xenologein), to hire soldiers, Curt. 3, 1, 1; 3, 9, 2 al.; cf. the foll. subst. —With ut or quin: aliquem uti taceat, to hire, bribe, employ, Cato ap. Gell. 1, 15, 10; cf.:tribus non conduci possim libertatibus, quin, etc.,
could not be hired, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 68; cf. Lucil. ap. Non. p. 274, 21:mercede aliquem,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22:mercede diurnā conductus,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:pictorem magno pretio,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1.— Subst.conducti, ōrum, m., hirelings, mercenary soldiers, Hor. A. P. 431; Nep. Dat. 8, 2; cf. Liv. 30, 7, 10; 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8 al.—Hence, poet.:(β).bella conducta,
carried on by mercenary troops, Sil. 5, 196. —conductum, i, n., any thing hired, esp. a house, dwelling, etc., Cic. Clu. 62, 175; Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 3; Petr. 9, 4; Dig. 9, 3, 1; cf.:b.locati conducti,
ib. 19, 2 tit.: actio ex conducto, an action upon a lease or contract, ib. 19, 2, 19, §§ 4 and 8 al.—To undertake any service (building, transportation, the customs, etc.), to contract for, farm:II.caedundum illum (agnum) ego conduxi,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 31; cf.:caedundos agnos,
id. Capt. 4, 2, 39:redemptor, qui columnam illam de Cottā conduxerat faciendam,
Cic. Div. 2, 21, 47:locare faciendum quod ego conduxeram,
Dig. 19, 2, 48; so,mulierem vehendam nave,
ib. 19, 2, 19:aliquem docendum,
ib. 19, 2, 13, § 3; 13, 6, 19:praebenda, quae ad exercitum opus essent,
to undertake the supplies, Liv. 23, 48, 11:vectigalia,
to farm, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9; Liv. 43, 16, 2:tabulas in Italiam portandas,
Vell. 1, 13, 4; so,portorium,
Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47 al. —Neutr., to contribute to something by being useful, to be of use or profitable, to profit, serve, etc. (syn.: convenit, utile est; class.; used only in the 3 d pers. of the sing. and plur.); constr. with in, ad aliquid, the dat., or absol.(α).With in:(β).quod tuam in rem bene conducat,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 4; so, maxime in rempublicam, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 274, 29:in commune,
Tac. A. 2, 38.—With ad:(γ).ad ventris victum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 6:ad vitae commoditatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9.—With dat. (so most freq.):(δ).huic aetati non conducit latebrosus locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 22:maxime rei publicae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 27, 101:neque homini infanti injuste facta conducunt,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; Col. 9, 1, 3:omnibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:tuae laudi,
id. Fam. 13, 48:nostris rationibus,
id. Att. 1, 1, 2:maxime sibi,
Quint. 11, 1, 12:alvo citae (vinum),
Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41:proposito,
Hor. A. P. 195 et saep.:imbres non conducunt vitibus,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14.—Absol.:dubitare non possumus. quin ea maxime conducant, quae sunt rectissima,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2:conducere arbitror talibus auris tuas vocibus undique circumsonare,
id. Off. 3, 2, 5.—Hence, P. a. as subst.; v. I. C. 2. b fin. supra.— Adv.: condūcenter, becomingly, fitly, Gell. 16, 12, 4. -
59 conductum
con-dūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. and n.I.Act., to draw, bring, or lead together, to assemble, collect (class. in prose and poetry).A.In gen.1.Of persons (esp. freq. of the collecting, assembling of troops in any place): milites de castellis ad castra, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 514, 7:2.populum in forum,
Varr. ib. p. 274, 20:exercitum in unum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2:eo copias omnes,
id. B. C. 3, 13 fin.:copias suas,
id. B. G. 6, 31 init.; cf.auxilia,
Liv. 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8:dispersas suorum copias,
Tac. H. 4, 71:virgines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 3:omnis clientes suos eodem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:milites in unum,
Sall. J. 51, 3; cf. Tac. A. 4, 47.—Of inanimate objects:B.vineas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 17:nubila,
Ov. M. 1, 572 al. —Esp.,1.Intens., to connect, unite, by bringing together, = cogo, colligo.a.Prop. (so several times in Lucr., elsewhere rare):b.partes in unum,
Lucr. 1, 398; 3, 533; cf. id. 1, 651; 6, 968; Vitr. 8, 1 fin.:cortice ramos,
Ov. M. 4, 375:lac,
to coagulate, curdle, Col. 7, 8, 1:conducere musculum aut laxare,
to contract, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, n. 8:ubi sunt nervi, interiores conducunt membra,
Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:vulnera cerā,
to close up, Val. Fl. 1, 479 al. —Trop.:2.propositionem et assumptionem in unum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 73; cf. Quint. 5, 14, 9:omnia probra in deorum maledicta,
Arn. 4, p. 146:dies adeo conductus,
i. e. short, Sol. 22.—T. t. of the lang. of business, to hire, take on lease, to farm (correlative of locare; cf. Dig. 19, 2, 1; very freq. and class.).a.To hire for one's use, to hire, rent, employ; of things:(α).aedes aliquas mihi,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 17; Suet. Tib. 35; cf.: domum in Palatio, [p. 410] Cic. Cael. 7, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 7:hortum,
id. Fam. 16, 18, 2:qui colonus habuit conductum de Caesenniā fundum,
id. Caecin. 32, 94:habitationem in annum,
Dig. 19, 2, 19:ad certum tempus,
ib. 19, 2, 14:insulam,
ib. 19, 2, 30:conduxi domum a te,
Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 2:nummos,
to borrow, Hor. S. 1, 2, 9; cf.pecuniam,
Juv. 11, 46.—Esp., of persons:ille qui me conduxit, ubi conduxit, abduxit domum,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 11:cocum,
id. Ps. 3, 2, 10 and 15; id. Aul. 2, 4, 1:fidicinam, quae cantaret sibi,
id. Ep. 2, 3, 10:meretricem,
id. Bacch. 5, 1, 11; cf. id. Am. 1, 1, 131; Nep. praef. § 4; and poet.:torum,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 44:consulem vestrum ad caedem faciendam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:praeceptores publice,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 6:choragum,
Suet. Aug. 70:homines,
Caes. B. G. 2, 1; so, militem (the Gr. xenologein), to hire soldiers, Curt. 3, 1, 1; 3, 9, 2 al.; cf. the foll. subst. —With ut or quin: aliquem uti taceat, to hire, bribe, employ, Cato ap. Gell. 1, 15, 10; cf.:tribus non conduci possim libertatibus, quin, etc.,
could not be hired, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 68; cf. Lucil. ap. Non. p. 274, 21:mercede aliquem,
Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22:mercede diurnā conductus,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:pictorem magno pretio,
Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1.— Subst.conducti, ōrum, m., hirelings, mercenary soldiers, Hor. A. P. 431; Nep. Dat. 8, 2; cf. Liv. 30, 7, 10; 30, 21, 3; 23, 13, 8 al.—Hence, poet.:(β).bella conducta,
carried on by mercenary troops, Sil. 5, 196. —conductum, i, n., any thing hired, esp. a house, dwelling, etc., Cic. Clu. 62, 175; Sen. Ben. 7, 5, 3; Petr. 9, 4; Dig. 9, 3, 1; cf.:b.locati conducti,
ib. 19, 2 tit.: actio ex conducto, an action upon a lease or contract, ib. 19, 2, 19, §§ 4 and 8 al.—To undertake any service (building, transportation, the customs, etc.), to contract for, farm:II.caedundum illum (agnum) ego conduxi,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 31; cf.:caedundos agnos,
id. Capt. 4, 2, 39:redemptor, qui columnam illam de Cottā conduxerat faciendam,
Cic. Div. 2, 21, 47:locare faciendum quod ego conduxeram,
Dig. 19, 2, 48; so,mulierem vehendam nave,
ib. 19, 2, 19:aliquem docendum,
ib. 19, 2, 13, § 3; 13, 6, 19:praebenda, quae ad exercitum opus essent,
to undertake the supplies, Liv. 23, 48, 11:vectigalia,
to farm, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9; Liv. 43, 16, 2:tabulas in Italiam portandas,
Vell. 1, 13, 4; so,portorium,
Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47 al. —Neutr., to contribute to something by being useful, to be of use or profitable, to profit, serve, etc. (syn.: convenit, utile est; class.; used only in the 3 d pers. of the sing. and plur.); constr. with in, ad aliquid, the dat., or absol.(α).With in:(β).quod tuam in rem bene conducat,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 4; so, maxime in rempublicam, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 274, 29:in commune,
Tac. A. 2, 38.—With ad:(γ).ad ventris victum,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 6:ad vitae commoditatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9.—With dat. (so most freq.):(δ).huic aetati non conducit latebrosus locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 22:maxime rei publicae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 27, 101:neque homini infanti injuste facta conducunt,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; Col. 9, 1, 3:omnibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:tuae laudi,
id. Fam. 13, 48:nostris rationibus,
id. Att. 1, 1, 2:maxime sibi,
Quint. 11, 1, 12:alvo citae (vinum),
Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41:proposito,
Hor. A. P. 195 et saep.:imbres non conducunt vitibus,
Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14.—Absol.:dubitare non possumus. quin ea maxime conducant, quae sunt rectissima,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2:conducere arbitror talibus auris tuas vocibus undique circumsonare,
id. Off. 3, 2, 5.—Hence, P. a. as subst.; v. I. C. 2. b fin. supra.— Adv.: condūcenter, becomingly, fitly, Gell. 16, 12, 4. -
60 conflo
con-flo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to blow together, to blow up, stir up.I.Of fire, to kindle, light.A.Prop.:B.ignem,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 59; Plin. 35, 11, 40, §§138 and 143: incendium,
Liv. 26, 27, 6.—In medic. lang.:intestina conflata,
inflamed, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 18.—Trop.1.Of the passions, to kindle, inflame:2.conflatus amore Ignis,
Lucr. 1, 474:invidiam inimico,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23; id. Cael. 12, 29; Sall. C. 49, 4:conjurationem,
Suet. Ner. 36: cf.:ingens ac terribile bellum,
Vell. 2, 55; cf. Flor. 1, 24, 1.—In gen., to bring about, effect, accomplish, bring together, raise, procure; to produce, cause, occasion, etc. (a favorite trope in Cic. and the histt.):II.quibus ex rebus conflatur et efficitur id, quod quaerimus, honestum,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 14; cf. id. Cael. 5, 12:ut una ex duabus naturis conflata videatur,
id. N. D. 2, 39, 100:saepe ex Malo principio magna familiaritas Conflata est,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 36:rem divitiasque sanguine civili,
Lucr. 3, 70:sensum communibus motibus,
id. 3, 335; cf.:consensus conspirans et paene conflatus,
melted together, united, Cic. Lig. 12, 34:testes odio, invidiā, gratiā, pecuniā,
Quint. 5, 7, 23:injuriam novo scelere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 1:exercitum,
id. Phil. 4, 6, 15; Vell. 2, 74, 2; Flor. 3, 19, 10:pecuniam,
Cic. Sest. 30, 66:aes alienum grande,
Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:accusationem et judicium,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 116; cf.judicia,
Liv. 3, 36, 8:egestatem rei familiaris luxuriā,
Flor. 4, 1, 1:cladem hominum generi,
Lucr. 6, 1091:alicui periculum,
Cic. Sull. 4, 13:alicui negotium,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 135:in se tantum crimen,
id. ib. 2, 2, 29, § 73.—Meton. (causa pro effectu), to melt, fuse metals, etc., to melt down (most freq. after the Aug. per.):argentum, aes Cyprium et sulphur in fictili,
Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 131; 7, 56, 57, § 197:argentum (fulmine),
Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 1; Dig. 41, 1, 7, § 8:simulacra ex argento et auro fabricata,
Suet. Ner. 32:argenteas statuas,
id. Aug. 52; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 30:vasa aurea,
Suet. Aug. 71:coronam auream,
id. Galb. 12:falces in ensem,
Verg. G. 1, 508:victorias aureas in usum belli,
Quint. 9, 2, 92: vitrum, i. e. make glass, Hadr. Imp. ap. Vop. Saturn. 8, 6.
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