bye!

χαίρω mid. by-form χαίρεται TestAbr s. below; impf. ἔχαιρον; fut. χαρήσομαι (B-D-F §77; Mlt-H. 264); 2 aor. pass. ἐχάρην (Hom.+).

① to be in a state of happiness and well-being, rejoice, be glad opp. κλαίειν J 16:20; Ro 12:15ab (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 284 χαρίεις πρὸς τοὺς χαρίεντας); 1 Cor 7:30ab; Hv 3, 3, 2. Opp. λύπην ἔχειν J 16:22. W. ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (Hab 3:18; TestJob 43:15; ParJer 6:20; cp. TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 17 [Stone p. 26]) Mt 5:12; 1 Pt 4:13b; cp. Rv 19:7; GJs 17:2. W. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Jo 2:23 al. in LXX) Lk 15:32; Rv 11:10. W. σκιρτᾶν Lk 6:23. W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153, 1; Rob. 477) χ. χαρὰν μεγάλην be very glad (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4 al.) Mt 2:10. τῇ χαρᾷ ᾗ (by attraction for ἥν) χαίρομεν 1 Th 3:9. Also χαρᾷ χ., which prob. betrays the infl. of the OT (Is 66:10), J 3:29 (B-D-F §198, 6; Rob. 531; 550). The ptc. is used w. other verbs with joy, gladly (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 40 §169 ἄπιθι χαίρων; 3 Km 8:66; Eutecnius 4 p. 43, 7 ἄπεισι χαίρουσα; Laud. Therap. 12 χαίρων ἐστέλλετο) ὑπεδέξατο αὐτον χαίρων Lk 19:6; cp. vs. 37; 15:5; Ac 5:41; 8:39.—The obj. of or reason for the joy is denoted in var. ways: w. simple dat. τοῖς τὰ πολλὰ λέγουσιν those who are (merely) garrulous Papias (2:3) (Aristonous 1, 45 [p. 164 Coll. Alex.]; Just., A I, 5, 3 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 69, 20; s. also below on Ro 12:12) or prep. χαίρειν ἐπί τινι rejoice over someone or someth. (Soph. et al.; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 12, Mem. 2, 6, 35; Pla., Leg. 5, 729d; Diod S 1, 25, 2; Plut., Mor. 87e; 1088e; BGU 531 I, 4 [I A.D.]; POxy 41, 17; Tob 13:15ab; Pr 2:14; 24:19; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:4; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; 3, 32; Ar. 15, 7; Just., D. 28, 4; Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv I 163, 9]) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ac 15:31; Ro 16:19; 1 Cor 13:6; 16:17; 2 Cor 7:13; Rv 11:10; Hs 5, 2, 5 and 11; 8, 1, 16; 8, 5, 1 and 6; Dg 11:5. Also διά w. acc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 102 §428; EpArist 42) J 3:29; 11:15 the ὅτι-clause gives the reason, and δί ὑμᾶς is for your sakes = in your interest; cp. 1 Th 3:9. ἔν τινι (Soph., Trach. 1118; Pla., Rep. 10, 603c; En 104:13) Hs 1:11. ἐν τούτῳ over that Phil 1:18a (for other functions of ἐν s. below). περί τινος in someth. (Pla., Ep. 2, 310e.—περὶ πλοῦτον Did., Gen. 150, 8) 1 Cl 65:1. ἵνα μὴ λύπην σχῶ ἀφʼ ὧν ἔδει με χαίρειν (either ἀπὸ τούτων ἀφʼ ὧν or ἀπὸ τούτων οἷς) 2 Cor 2:3. The reason or object is given by ὅτι (Lucian, Charon 17; Ex 4:31; Just., A II, 2, 7) Lk 10:20b; J 11:15 (s. above); 14:28; 2 Cor 7:9, 16; Phil 4:10; 2J 4. χ. ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι Lk 10:20a. χ. ὅταν 2 Cor 13:9. χ. … γάρ Phil 1:18b (19). The reason or obj. is expressed by a ptc. (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 12; Pla., Rep. 5, 458a; Dio Chrys. 22 [39], 1 al.; PGM 4, 1212 χαίρεις τοὺς σοὺς σῴζων; 1611; Just., D. 114, 4): ἰδόντες τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν Mt 2:10; cp. Lk 23:8; J 20:20; Ac 11:23; Phil 2:28; Hv 3, 12, 3. ἀκούσαντες ἐχάρησαν they were delighted by what they heard Mk 14:11; cp. Ac 13:48; Hv 3, 3, 2.—1 Cl 33:7; Dg 5:16. λαβόντες τὰ ἐδέμσματα ἐχάρησαν Hs 5, 2, 10. W. gen. and ptc. (as Just., D. 85, 6) 9, 11, 7. If χαίρειν is also in the ptc., καί comes betw. the two participles: χαίρων καὶ βλέπων (and) it is with joy that I see Col 2:5. ἐχάρην ἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν καὶ μαρτυρούντων I was glad when some fellow-Christians came and testified 3J 3.—τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίρ. Ro 12:12 is not ‘rejoice over the hope’ (the dat. stands in this mng. X., Mem. 1, 5, 4; Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 114 Jac.; Epict., App. D, 3 [p. 479 Sch.] ἀρετῇ χ.; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 137 οἷς ὁ θεὸς χ.; Pr 17:19), but rather rejoice in hope or filled with hope (B-D-F §196). τὸ ἐφʼ ὑμῖν χαίρω as far as you are concerned, I am glad Ro 16:19 v.l. In the majority of cases in our lit. ἐν does not introduce the cause of the joy (s. above): χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασιν I rejoice in the midst of (though because of is also poss.) (the) suffering(s) Col 1:24 (the Engl. ‘in’ conveys both ideas). χαίρ. ἐν κυρίῳ Phil 3:1; 4:4a, 10 (the imperatives in 3:1; 4:4ab are transl. good-bye [so Hom. et al.] by Goodsp., s. Probs. 174f; this would class them under 2a below). Abs. Lk 22:5; J 4:36; 8:56 (EbNestle, Abraham Rejoiced: ET 20, 1909, 477; JMoulton, ‘Abraham Rejoiced’: ibid. 523–28); 2 Cor 6:10; 7:7; 13:11; Phil 2:17f; 4:4b (s. Goodsp. above); 1 Th 5:16; 1 Pt 4:13a; cp. 13b; GPt 6:23; Hv 3, 3, 3f; Hs 1:11; 5, 3, 3; GJs 16:3.—On the rare mid. χαιρόμενος (TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 21 [Stone p. 26] χαίρεται καὶ ἀγάλλεται) Ac 3:8 D, s. Mlt. 161 w. note 1; B-D-F §307.

② in impv., a formalized greeting wishing one well, also in indicative, to use such a greeting (in effect, to express that one is on good terms w. the other, cp. Soph., Oed. R. 596 νῦν πᾶσι χαίρω=now I bid everyone good day)

ⓐ in spoken address, oft. on meeting people (Hom. et al.; also χαίροις TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 21 [Stone p. 42]; B 13 p. 117, 18 [82]; JosAs 8:2; GrBar 11:6f; loanw. in rabb.) χαῖρε, χαίρετε welcome, good day, hail (to you), I am glad to see you, somet. (e.g. Hermas)=how do you do? or simply hello Mt 26:49; 27:29; 28:9 (here perh. specif. good morning [Lucian, Laps. inter Salutandum 1 τὸ ἑωθινὸν … χαίρειν; also scholia p. 234, 13 Rabe; Cass. Dio 69, 18; Nicetas Eugen. 2, 31 H.; so Goodsp., Probs. 45f; he translates Lk 1:28 and the 2J and H passages in the same way]); Mk 15:18; Lk 1:28; GJs 11:1 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 4, 2 Nectanebos says to Olympia upon entering her room: χαίροις Μακεδόνων βασίλεια); J 19:3 (on the sarcastic greeting as king cp. Diod S 34 + 35, Fgm. 2, 8f [Eunus]); Hv 1, 1, 4; 1, 2, 2ab; 4, 2, 2ab. χαίρειν τινὶ λέγειν greet someone, bid someone the time of day (Epict. 3, 22, 64; pass.: χαίρειν αὐτοῖς ὑφʼ ἡμῶν λέγεσθαι Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv. I 162, 11]) 2J 10f.—On the poss. sense farewell, good-bye for Phil 3:1; 4:4 s. 1 above, end.

ⓑ elliptically at the beginning of a letter greetings (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 27; Theocr. 14, 1; Plut., Ages. 607 [21, 10]=Mor. 213a; Aelian, VH 1, 25; Jos., Vi. 217; 365; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; pap [Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 477–82; HLietzmann, Griech. Pap.: Kl. T. 14², 1910; Witkowski, Epistulae; GMilligan, Selections fr. the Gk. Pap.² 1911]; LXX.—B-D-F §389; 480, 5; Rob. 944; 1093. GGerhard, Untersuchungen zur Gesch. des griech. Briefes, diss. Heidelb. 1903, Philol 64, 1905, 27–65; FZiemann, De Epistularum Graecarum Formulis Sollemnibus: Dissertationes Philologicae Halenses XVIII/4, 1911; PWendland, Die urchristl. Literaturformen^{2, 3} 1912, 411–17 [Suppl. 15: Formalien des Briefes]; WSchubart, Einführung in die Papyruskunde 1918; Dssm., LO 116ff=LAE 146ff [lit.]; FExler, The Form of the Ancient Gk. Letter 1923; ORoller, D. Formular d. paul. Briefe ’33; RArcher, The Ep. Form in the NT: ET 63, ’51f, 296–98; Pauly-W. III 836ff; VII 1192ff; Kl. Pauly II 324–27; BHHW I 272f) τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς … χαίρειν greetings to the brethren Ac 15:23; cp. 23:26; Js 1:1; AcPlCor 1:1; 2:1. Ign. uses the common formula πλεῖστα χαίρειν (πολύς 3bα) IEph ins; IMg ins; ITr ins; IRo ins; ISm ins; IPol ins.—The introduction to B is unique: χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου, ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1:1.—JLieu, ‘Grace to you and Peace’, The Apostolic Greeting: BJRL 68, ’85, 161–78.—Schmidt, Syn. II 550–73. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἀνέφεδρος

without drawing a bye: masc /fem nom sg

ἀνέφεδρος

without drawing a bye: masc /fem nom sg

κλῆρος (A), [dialect] Dor. [full] κλᾶρος Pi. (v. infr.), Leg.Gort.5.27, etc., ου, ὁ:—

A lot,

κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος, ἐν δ' ἔβαλον κυνέῃ Il.7.175

;

κλήρους ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον 3.316

, cf. Od.10.206;

ἐκ κλῆρος ὄρουσεν Il.3.325

;

ἐκ δ' ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης 7.182

;

ἐν δὲ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο 23.352

;

ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο Od.14.209

, cf. SIG1023.94 ([place name] Cos);

κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι Od.9.331

;

κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ' ἕπεσθαι Il.24.400

, cf. 23.862, A.Pers. 187, Hdt.3.83, etc.; πάντας ἀνέφεδρος ἐπαγκρατίασε τοὺς κ., i.e. he never drew a bye, SIG1073.29 (ii A.D.);

κλήρου κατὰ μοῖραν E.Rh. 545

(lyr.);

διὰ τὴν τοῦ κ. τύχην Pl.R. 619d

, etc.; κλάροισι θεοπροπέων divining by lots, Pi.P.4.190: hence, of oracles, E.Hipp. 1057, Ph. 838;

Ἑρμῆς γὰρ ὢν κλήρῳ ποιήσεις οἶδ' ὅτι Ar. Pax 365

;

κ. Ἑρμοῦ E. Fr.39

.

2 casting of lots, drawing of lots,

κ. τίθεσθαι Id.IA 1198

, cf. Tr. 186 (lyr.);

δοκεῖ δίκαιον εἶναι πᾶσι τῶν ἀρχῶν μετεῖναι ἐν τῷ κ. X. Ath.1.2

, cf. Arist.Pol. 1300a19, IG5(1).1390.116 (Andania, i B.C.); = Lat. sortitio provinciarum, Plu.Aem.10.

3 λαβὼν πίστιν.. κλήρου dub. sens. in OGI494.19 (i or ii A.D.).

II that which is assigned by lot, allotment of land, Hdt.2.109, Th.3.50, Pl.Lg. 740b, Arist.Pol. 1265b15, al.;

λαβεῖν τᾶς χώρας ἐξαίρετον τὸν πρῶτον κλᾶρον SIG141.6

(Corc.Nigr., iv B.C.);

κ. ἱππικός OGI229.102

(Smyrna, iii B.C.);

περὶ τοῦ λάχους τριάκοντα καὶ ἑπτὰ κλάρων Schwyzer 289.88

(Priene, ii B.C.), cf. 313.4, al.

2 generally, piece of land, farm, estate,

οἶκος καὶ κ. Il.15.498

;

οἶκόν τε κ. τε Od.14.64

, cf.Hes.Op.37, 341, Pi.O.13.62;

κατέφαγε τὸν κ. Hippon.35.4

; οἱ κ. τῶν Συρίων their lands, Hdt. 1.76, cf. 9.94, Call.Del. 281, etc.; Κύπρου Πάφου τ' ἔχουσα.. κλῆρον, of Aphrodite, A.Fr. 463;

κατὰ κ. Ἰαόνιον Id.Pers. 899

(lyr.);

κλῆροι χθονός E.Heracl. 876

;

τῶν λαβόντων ἐν Ὀρχομενῷ κλᾶρον ἢ οἰκίαν IG 5(2).344.12

(iii B.C.), cf. SIG169.61 (Iasus, iv B.C.);

Πισαίοις ἐνὶ κλήροισι Nic.Fr.74.5

. b. pl., title-deeds, PGrenf.1.14.11 (ii B.C.).

3 legacy, inheritance, heritable estate, Is.11.9, Pl.Lg. 923d, Arist.Ath.9.2, SIG 1186 (iv B.C.), IG22.1368.127, 154. b. collect., body of inheritors, Leg.Gort.l.c.

4 Astrol., certain degrees in the zodiac connected with planets and important in a nativity, Cat.Cod.Astr.1.169, 170, Ptol.Tetr. 111, Vett.Val.59.21, al., Paul.Al.K.2 (cf. Sch.);

κ. τύχης Ptol.Tetr. 129

.

5 generally, province, sphere,

ἕνα θεὸν πολλῶν ἅμα προεστάναι κλήρων Dam.Pr. 369

.

III of the Levites,

Κύριος αὐτὸς κλῆρος αὐτοῦ LXX De.18.2

: hence, of the Christian clergy,

ἐν κλήρῳ καταλεγόμενος Cod.Just.1.3.38.2

, Just.Nov.6.1.7, Astramps.Orac.98.7.

------------------------------------

κλῆρος (B), ου, ὁ,

A a beetle destructive in bee-hives, Clerus apiarius, Arist.HA 605b11, 626b17.

οὐλαί, [dialect] Att. [full] ὀλαί, αἱ,

A barley-corns, barley-groats, which were sprinkled on the head of the victim before the sacrifice (cf. Sch.Ar. Eq. 1164), Od.3.441, cf. Hdt.1.132, Ar.Eq. 1167, Pax 948, 960, Thphr. Char.10.13 ( ὀλ-, v.l. οὐλ-), SIG1024.18 (Myconos, iii/ii B. C.);

οὐλαὶ κριθῶν Hdt.1.160

. (The variation οὐλαί: ὀλαί points to orig. Ολϝαί, cf. ὀλβάχνιον: the Arc. form

ὀλοαί IG5(2).514.15

(Lycosura, ii B. C.) prob. comes from a bye-form Ολοϝαί. Perh. cogn. with ἀλέω (A), ἔλυμος III, ὄλυρα.)

ἀνέφεδρος, ον,

A without drawing a bye,

ἀ. νικᾶν SIG1070.6

(Olymp.), IG5(1).680,al. ([place name] Sparta).

ἐφεδρ-εύω, ([etym.] ἔφεδρος)

A sit upon, rest upon,

ἄγγος ἐφεδρεῦον κάρᾳ E.El.55

; sit on eggs, Arist.HA 564a11.

2 occupy land, PStrassb.114.3.

II lie by or near, lie in wait, of an enemy watching for an opportunity of attack, Th.4.71, 8.92;

ὅταν εἰδῶσιν ἐφεδρεύουσαν τὴν δύναμιν Isoc.8.137

; ἐ. τινί keep watch over, as a prisoner, E.Or. 1627: generally, watch for,

τοῖς.. ἀγαθοῖς ἐφεδρεύων ἕτερος καθεδεῖται D.5.15

;

τοῖς καιροῖς τινος Id.8.42

, cf. PBaden 39iii7 (ii A.D.), Him.Or.2.26; τοῖς ἀτυχήμασί [τινος] Arist.Pol. 1269a38;

τοῖς ἐσομένοις Hld.4.17

: metaph., of disease, lie in wait, Hp.Ep.19 ( Hermes 53.64); but, to be associated with other diseases, Id.Flat.6.

2 of a third combatant, draw a 'bye', Luc. Herm.40.

3 in war, form the reserve, Plb.18.32.2.

4 watch over, protect,

τῇ τοῦ σίτου κομιδῇ Id.5.95.5

.

III halt, Plu.Pyrrh.32, etc.