breastwork

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inter-vallum, i, n., prop., the open space within the mound or breastwork of a camp, the space between two palisades.

Lit.: opus, pedum sexaginta, quod est inter vallum et legiones... a quibusdam intervallum [p. 987] cognominatum, Hyg. de Munit. Cast. 6:

intervalla sunt spatia inter capita vallorum,

Isid. 15, 9, 2.—

In gen., space between, interval, distance:

trabes directae, paribus intervallis in solo collocantur. Ea autem intervalla grandibus saxis effarciuntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

pari intervallo,

at an equal distance, id. ib. 1, 43:

respiciens videt magnis intervallis sequentes,

Liv. 1, 25:

unius signi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20:

digitorum,

Suet. Dom. 19:

sonorum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18:

locorum et temporum,

id. Fam. 1, 7:

ex intervallo,

from a distance, Liv. 48, 44, 8:

proximus longo intervallo insequi,

Verg. A. 5, 320:

juvenes modicis intervallis disponere,

Suet. Aug. 49:

quinque milium intervallo,

Liv. 23, 29:

mille passuum intervallo distantes,

id. 33, 1 saep.—

Transf.

Interval of time, intermission, respite:

annuum regni,

an interregnum, Liv. 1, 17:

sine intervallo loquacitas,

i. e. incessant, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:

dolor si longus, levis, dat enim intervalla,

relaxes sometimes, id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

litterarum,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

intervallum jam hos dies multos fuit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 28:

distinctio et aequalium et saepe variorum intervallorum numerum conficit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186; cf. the context. —

A pause:

flumen aliis verborum volubilitasque cordi est: distincta alios et interpuncta intervalla, morae, respirationesque delectant,

Cic. Or. 16:

trochaeus temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

id. ib. 57:

ut te tanto intervallo viderem,

after so long a time, id. Fam. 15, 14:

vocem paululum attenuata crebris intervallis et divisionibus oportet uti,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24:

tanto ex intervallo,

Quint. 11, 2, 5; Liv. 3, 38:

intervallo dicere,

after a pause, Cic. Or. 66: ex intervallo, farther on, lower down (in the discourse), Gell. 15, 12, 4:

sine intervallo cibum dare,

without loss of time, Varr. R. R. 2, 1: dare quippiam alicui per intervalla, at intervals, i. e. from time to time, Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 164 (al. intervalla dantur):

per intervallum adventantes,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

scelerum,

time for the perpetration of crimes, id. ib. 3.—

Difference, dissimilitude:

videte, quantum intervallum sit interjectum inter majorum consilia, et istorum dementiam,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89; id. Rab. Perd. 5, 15.—

An interval in music, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146.

a, um, adj. [veho], carried up, raised up (post-class.):

arbores,

Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 38.

vulsi (rarely velli, v. infra), vulsum, 3, v. a., to pluck, pull, or pick out here and there, to lop, prune (post-Aug.).

In partic., to pluck out here and there, to thin. —Of wings:

ne ego homo infelix fui qui non alas intervelli (sc. vocis),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.—Of the beard:

isti, qui aut vellunt barbam, aut intervellunt,

Sen. Ep. 114, 20. — Of fruit and trees, to pluck here and there, to prune:

poma intervelli melius est, ut quae relicta sint, grandescant,

Plin. 17, 27, 47, § 260:

arbores,

Col. 5, 10:

semina,

id. 4, 33, 3. —

In gen., to tear out, take away:

num aliquid ex illis intervelli, atque ex tempore dicendis inseri possit,

Quint. 12, 9, 17:

quae ita sunt natura copulata, ut mutari aut intervelli sine confusione non possint,

id. 10, 7, 5.

lōrīca, ae, f. [id.], a leather cuirass, a corselet of thongs (opp. thorax, a brazen breastplate).

Lit.:

pro lorica malacum capiam pallium,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 37:

lata insignisque lorica,

Cic. Mur. 26, 52:

ambulat cum lorica,

id. Fl. 17, 41:

graves loricis,

Liv. 5, 38:

trilix,

Verg. A. 3, 467; 5, 259; Sil. 2, 401:

bilix,

Verg. A. 12, 376:

truncis affixa tropaeis lorica,

Juv. 10, 134:

cum vix loricam multiplicem conixi umeris ferunt,

Quint. 8, 4, 25.—Also of linen:

lintea,

Suet. Galb. 19.—

Transf., a defence of any kind.

Milit., a breastwork, parapet:

turres contabulantur, pinnae loricaeque ex cratibus attexuntur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39:

huic vallo loricam pinnasque adjecit,

id. ib. 7, 72:

loricam vallumque struxere,

Tac. H. 4, 37; Curt. 9, 4, 30; Veg. Mil. 4, 28. —

A fence, hedge, enclosure, App. M. 6, p. 186; Amm. 24, 5, 2.—

A plastering, plaster:

lorica testacea,

Vitr. 2, 8; 2, 9:

stellionis cubile est in loricis ostiorum, fenestrarumque,

Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 89.—

Trop.:

libros Mutare loricis,

i. e. to exchange studies for arms, Hor. C. 1, 29, 15.

mūnĭo (old form moenio, v. below), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. munibis for munies, Veg. Vet. 1, 10, 5), v. a. [moenia, lit. to wall; hence], to build a wall around, to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, protect, secure, put in a state of defence (class.).

Lit.:

arcem ad urbem obsidendam,

Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

palatium,

Liv. 1, 7:

locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24, 3.—With abl.:

Alpibus Italiam munierat ante natura,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

domum praesidiis,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

castra vallo fossāque,

with palisades and a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

locum muro,

id. ib. 29.—With a homogeneous object, prov.:

magna moenis moenia,

you are undertaking a great thing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 73:

duovir urbis moeniendae,

Inscr. Orell. 7142.— Absol.: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, for fortifying, i. e. for use in the fortifications, Nep. Them. 6, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31. —Also, to surround, guard, for the protection of other things: ignem ita munire ut non evagaretur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., to defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter:

Pergamum divinā moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2:

hortum ab incursu hominum,

Col. 11, 3, 2:

spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

hieme quaternis tunicis et tibialibus muniebatur,

he defended, protected, covered himself, Suet. Aug. 82. —

To make a road, etc., i. e. to make passable by opening, repairing, or paving it:

quasi Appius Caecus viam munierit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

rupem,

Liv. 21, 37:

itinera,

Nep. Hann. 3, 4:

TEMPE MVNIVIT,

Inscr. Orell. 587. —

Trop.

To guard, secure, strengthen, support (cf.:

fulcio, sustineo): meretriculis Muniendis rem cogere,

to maintain, support, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 54 (dub.; Speng. moenerandis; v. munero).— Am strengthening myself:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 2:

imperium,

to secure, Nep. Reg. 2, 2:

muniri adversus fraudes,

to secure one's self, Plin. 37, 13, 76, § 198 (dub. moneri, Jahn):

se contra ruborem,

Tac. Agr. 45:

se multorum benevolentiā,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

se contra perfidiam,

id. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

aliquid auctoritate,

Vell. 2, 127, 2:

domum terrore,

Plin. Pan. 48, 3.—

Munire viam, to make or open a way:

haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant,

prepared the way for your accusation, Cic. Mur. 23, 48:

sibi viam ad stuprum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64.—Hence, mūnītus, a, um, P. a., defended, fortified, protected, secured, safe (class.):

nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem et audaciam posset esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39.— Neutr. plur. munita as subst.: munita viāi, fortification or breastwork of the mouth (cf. Homer. herkos odontôn), the lips, Lucr. 3, 498.— Comp.:

se munitiorem ad custodiendam vitam suam fore,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munitissima castra,

Caes. B. G. 4, 55.— Adv.: mūnītē, securely, safely (ante-class.):

munitius,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 141. Müll.

munĭo, ōnis, a false reading for nomionem, v. Orell. and Klotz, ad h. l.; Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251.

plŭtĕus, i, m., less freq. plŭtĕum, i, n.

A penthouse, shed, or mantlet, made of hurdles covered with raw hides, and used to protect besiegers (cf. vineae): plutei crates corio crudo intentae, quae solebant opponi militibus opus facientibus, et appellabantur militares. Nunc etiam tabulae, quibus quid praesepitur, eodem nomine dicuntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.; cf. Veg. Mil. 4, 15:

pluteos praeferre,

Amm. 21, 12, 6; so Caes. B. C. 2, 9; Liv. 21, 61, 10 al.— Transf.:

ad aliquem vineam pluteosque agere,

i. e. to turn all one's weapons against him, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111.—

A permanent breastwork, a parapet, on towers, etc.:

pluteos vallo addere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41:

plutei turrium,

id. ib. 7, 25; id. B. C. 3, 24:

rates a fronte atque ab utroque latere, cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 9;

2, 15, 3: viminei,

Amm. 19, 5, 1:

locus consaeptus cratibus pluteisque,

Liv. 10, 38, 5.—

The back-board, back, of a settee or couch, Suet. Calig. 26;

so of the couch on which guests reclined at table: somni post vina petuntur,... puer pluteo vindice tutus erat,

Mart. 3, 91, 10.—

Meton., a couch, dining-couch, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 68.—

The board on which a corpse is placed, Mart. 8, 44, 13.—

A book-shelf, bookcase, desk, Pers. 1, 106;

with busts upon it,

Juv. 2, 7; cf. Dig. 29, 1, 17, § 4; Sid. Ep. 2, 9.—

A partition-wall between two columns, a balustrade, parapet, Vitr. 4, 4, 1.

plŭtĕus, i, m., less freq. plŭtĕum, i, n.

A penthouse, shed, or mantlet, made of hurdles covered with raw hides, and used to protect besiegers (cf. vineae): plutei crates corio crudo intentae, quae solebant opponi militibus opus facientibus, et appellabantur militares. Nunc etiam tabulae, quibus quid praesepitur, eodem nomine dicuntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.; cf. Veg. Mil. 4, 15:

pluteos praeferre,

Amm. 21, 12, 6; so Caes. B. C. 2, 9; Liv. 21, 61, 10 al.— Transf.:

ad aliquem vineam pluteosque agere,

i. e. to turn all one's weapons against him, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111.—

A permanent breastwork, a parapet, on towers, etc.:

pluteos vallo addere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41:

plutei turrium,

id. ib. 7, 25; id. B. C. 3, 24:

rates a fronte atque ab utroque latere, cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 9;

2, 15, 3: viminei,

Amm. 19, 5, 1:

locus consaeptus cratibus pluteisque,

Liv. 10, 38, 5.—

The back-board, back, of a settee or couch, Suet. Calig. 26;

so of the couch on which guests reclined at table: somni post vina petuntur,... puer pluteo vindice tutus erat,

Mart. 3, 91, 10.—

Meton., a couch, dining-couch, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 68.—

The board on which a corpse is placed, Mart. 8, 44, 13.—

A book-shelf, bookcase, desk, Pers. 1, 106;

with busts upon it,

Juv. 2, 7; cf. Dig. 29, 1, 17, § 4; Sid. Ep. 2, 9.—

A partition-wall between two columns, a balustrade, parapet, Vitr. 4, 4, 1.