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be+trained

  • 61 φυτοτροφέομαι

    A to be trained, of vines, Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.1.96.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φυτοτροφέομαι

  • 62 χαμῖτις

    χᾰμῖτις ἄμπελος, ἡ, a vine trained
    A low on the ground, GP.3.1.5, Eust.1163.19; without ἄμπελος, Suid.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαμῖτις

  • 63 χορηγεῖον

    A = χορήγιον, the school in which a chorus was trained for public performance, Phryn.PSp.126 B.
    2 generally, school, Epich.13, 104.
    II treasury, revenue,

    τὸ Διονυσίου χ. Aristox. Fr.Hist.15

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χορηγεῖον

  • 64 ἀγέλη

    ἀγέλ-η, ἡ, ([etym.] ἄγω)
    A herd, of horses, Il.19.281; elsewhere in Hom. always of oxen and kine, Il.11.678, etc., cf. βούνομος·—also, any herd or company, συῶν ἀ. Hes.Sc. 168;

    ἀ. παρθένων Pi.Fr. 112

    ;

    μαινάδων E.Ba. 1022

    ;

    πτηνῶν ἀγέλαι S.Aj. 168

    , E. Ion 106; shoal of fish, Opp.H.3.639: metaph.,

    πόνων ἀγέλαι E.HF 1276

    :—also in Pl.R. 451c, Arist.HA 570a27, etc., but rare in early Prose.
    II in Crete and at Sparta, bands in which boys were trained, Ephor. 64, Plu.Lyc.16, Heraclid.Pol.15, GDI 4952 ([place name] Dreros), etc.;

    νέων ἀ. Epigr.Gr.223.8

     ([place name] Miletus); ἀϊθέων ib.239 ([place name] Smyrna).
    III = ἀστρικαὶ σφαῖραι Theol.Ar.43.6.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀγέλη

  • 65 ἀλειπτικός

    A of or for the ἀλείπτης, trained under him, Plu.2.619a:— ἁ -κά (sc. τέχνα) art of training, Ti.Locr.104a; ἀ. συγγράμματα, treatises thereon, Iamb.VP5.25; ἀ. ἐπιμέλεια, kind of massage, Sor.2.38. Adv. - κῶς like an ἀλείπτης, Sch.Ar.Eq. 492.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀλειπτικός

  • 66 ἀναγνώστης

    A reader, slave trained to read, Cic.Att.1.12, Phld.Rh.1.199 S., Corn.Nep.Att.13, Plu.Crass.2.
    II secretary,

    τῆς πόλεως Inscr.Prien.111.194

    ;

    γερουσίας Inscr.Cos238

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναγνώστης

  • 67 ἀξυγκρότητος

    ἀξυγκρότητος, ον, for ἀσυγκ-,
    A not welded together by the hammer: metaph. of rowers, not trained to pull together, Th.8.95; of style, not compact, rambling, D.H.Dem.19.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀξυγκρότητος

  • 68 ἀπάλαιστρος

    ἀπάλαιστρος [pron. full] [πᾰ], ον,
    A not trained in the palaestra, unskilled in wrestling, AP12.222 (Strat.); opp. οἱ μετέχοντες τοῦ γυμνασίου, CIG 3086 ([place name] Teos).
    2 generally, awkward, clumsy, Cic.Orat.68.229, Quint.Inst.9.4.56, Phld.Rh.1.8 S. ([comp] Sup.).
    II not customary in the palaestra, contrary to its rules, AP5.213 (Mel.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπάλαιστρος

  • 69 ἀχόρευτος

    A not trained in the dance or chorus, Pl.Lg. 654a; not joining in the dance, Nonn.D.44.125, al.
    II not attended with the dance,

    γάμος Musae.274

    ; esp. in bad sense, ill suiting it, joyless,

    ὀνείδη S.El. 1069

     (lyr.);

    ἆται E.Tr. 121

     (lyr.);

    φάμα Telest.1.8

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀχόρευτος

  • 70 ἁμάμαξυς

    ἁμάμαξῠς [ᾰμᾰ], ἡ, gen. υος or (in Sapph.) υδος,
    A vine trained on two poles, Epich.24, Sapph.150, Matro Conv. 114.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁμάμαξυς

  • 71 ἐνασκέω

    A train or practise in a thing,

    αὑτόν Plu.Alex.17

    :—[voice] Pass. with [tense] fut. [voice] Med. (Luc.Vit.Auct.3), to be trained, c. dat., Ph.1.448, al., Luc. l. c.: c. acc.,

    ἀτρεκίην AP11.354.10

     (Agath.):—[voice] Act. intr., like [voice] Pass., Plb.1.63.9.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐνασκέω

  • 72 ἐξασκέω

    A adorn, deck out, equip,

    ἐσθῆτί τινα S.OC 1603

    : c. dupl. acc., ἁγώ νιν ἐξήσκησά in which.., E.Hel. 1383 codd.; πλόκαμον ἐ. κόμης arrange or dress it, Id.El. 1071:—[voice] Pass., to be adorned or furnished with,

    ὀργάνοισιν ἐξησκημένος Id.Rh. 922

    ;

    φυτοῖσιν Lyc.858

    ;

    παισίν Luc.Am.10

    : abs., [

    ἡ χώρα] ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἐξήσκητο καὶ διεπεπόνητο Hell.Oxy.12.5

    ;

    πώλους.. ἐξησκημένας

     decked out, ready,

    Eub.84

    ; μνῆμα εἰς κάλλος ἐξησκημένον beautifully wrought, Luc.DMort.24.1.
    II train thoroughly,

    τινά Pl.Clit. 407b

    ;

    τὸ ναυτικόν D.C.48.49

    :—[voice] Pass., to be trained or practised in, τι X.Eq.Mag.2.1;

    περί τι ὑπό τινος Plu.Nic.5

    .
    2 practise,

    ἕξιν Id.Per.4

    ;

    τέχνην Them.Or. 18.217c

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξασκέω

  • 73 ἐπιτηδεύω

    ἐπιτηδ-εύω, [tense] impf.
    A

    ἐπετήδευον Pl.Phd. 64a

     : [tense] aor.

    ἐπετήδευσα Th.1.37

     : [tense] pf. ἐπιτετήδευκα, [voice] Pass. -ευμαι, Pl.Hp.Ma. 304b, Lys.13.65 : (as if a compd. of ἐπί, Τηδεύω, but it is formed directly from ἐπιτηδές):— pursue or practise a thing, make it one's business, c.acc.,

    εὐπαθείας Hdt.1.135

    , etc. ;

    ἐν τοῖς κακοῖς..ἀνάγκη κἀπιτηδεύειν κακά S.El. 309

     ;

    λαλιάν Ar.Ra. 1069

     ;

    εὐσέβειαν Antipho 2.3.11

     ;

    τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37

     ; τέχνην, μουσικήν, Pl.Tht. 149a, X.Ath.1.13, etc. ; ἐ. τι πρός τι invent with a view to.., Hdt.6.125:—[voice] Pass., to be practised,

    ὅσα κακὰ καὶ αἰσχρά τινι ἐπιτετήδευται Lys.13.65

     ; also, to be made so and so by art, opp. to being so by nature, Hdt.1.98 ; of dogs, to be carefully trained,

    πρός τι X.Cyr.1.6.40

    .
    2 c. inf.. take care to do, use to do, Hdt.3.18, 4.170, Pl.Grg. 524c, Jul.Or.1.3d, etc. ; also

    ἐ. ὅπως.. Hdt.3.102

    .
    3 abs. in part., οὐδὲν αὐτοὶ ἐπιτηδεύοντες without any deliberate purpose on our part, Speus. ap. Theol.Ar.61 ;

    ἐπιτηδεύσας

     on purpose,

    Hld.5.31

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιτηδεύω

  • 74 ἕξις

    ἕξις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] ἔχω):
    I ( ἔχω trans.) having, being in possession of, possession, ἐπιστήμης ἕ., opp. κτῆσις, Pl.Tht. 197b;

    νοῦ Id.Cra. 414b

    ;

    ἡ τῶν ὅπλων Id.Lg. 625c

    , cf. R. 433e, Sph. 247a, al., Arist. Metaph. 1022b4; opp. στέρησις, ib. 1055b13, S.E.P.3.49.
    2 in surgery, posture, Hp.Off.3; ἕ. ἢ θέσις ib.15.
    II ( ἔχω intr.) a being in a certain state, a permanent condition as produced by practice ([etym.] πρᾶξις), diff. from σχέσις (which is alterable) (v. infr.):
    1 state or habit of body, Id.Aph.2.34, cf. Pl.Tht. 153b; ἕ. ὑγιεινή (so also X.Mem.1.2.4), opp. διάθεσις ἀθλητική, Hp.Alim.34;

    σχέσις καὶ ἕ. καὶ ἡλικίη Id.Mochl.41

    ;

    ἡ φύσις καὶ ἡ ἕ. Id.Acut.43

    : pl., Thphr. Sens.69: generally, condition,

    ἐν ἕξει τοῦ δρᾶν D.H.Comp. 25

    ;

    ἕ. λεπτὴ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος Hp.Art.12

    ;

    τῷ θερμὴν ἕ. ἔχοντι Polystr. p.26W.

    ; outward appearance,

    ἡ ἕ. τοῦ σώματος κρείσσων LXXDa. 1.15

    , cf. 1 Ki.16.7, Sm.La.4.7; habit of a vine, Thphr.CP3.14.5; of material objects,

    ὑπὸ μιᾶς ἕξεως συνέχεσθαι S.E.M.7.102

    , cf. Ph.2.511, Stoic.2.124,al.
    b medic., the system, Ath.2.45e, Mnesith. ib. 54b, Paul.Aeg.3.59.
    2 state or habit of mind,

    ἕ. κακίης Democr. 184

    ;

    τὰς φύσεις τε καὶ ἕξεις τῶν ψυχῶν Pl.Lg. 650b

    , etc.; ἡ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἕ., opp. ἡ τῶν σωμάτων ἕ., Id.Tht.l.c.; πονηρᾶς ψυχῆς ἕξει ib. 167b;

    λαμβάνειν ἕξιν τιμιωτέραν Id.R. 591b

    .
    b esp. acquired habit, opp. ἐνέργεια, Arist.EN 1098b33,al.
    3 trained habit, skill, Pl.Phdr. 268e, Arist.Pr. 955b1, Plb.10.47.7, D.S.2.29; τέχνη defined as

    ἕ. ἢ διάθεσις ἀπὸ παρατηρήσεως Phld.Rh.1.69S.

    ;

    ἄκρα ἕ. D.H.Comp.11

    : c. gen., τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν γραμμάτων ἕξιν Aristeas 121;

    ἕ. πολιτικῶν λόγων Phld.Rh.2.35

     S. (Almost confined to Prose, but cf. Orph.A. 391.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἕξις

  • 75 ἰδιώτης

    ἰδῐώτ-ης, ου, ὁ, ([etym.] ἴδιος)
    A private person, individual, opp. the State,

    ξυμφέροντα καὶ πόλεσι καὶ ἰδιώταις Th.1.124

    , cf. 3.10, SIG37.3 (Teos, v B.C.), Pl.Smp. 185b, X.Vect.4.18, etc.; opp. γένος, SIG1013.6 (Chios, iv B.C.); opp. φατρία, ib.987.28 (ibid., iv B.C.).
    II one in a private station, opp. to one holding public office, or taking part in public affairs, Hdt.1.59, 123, al., cf. Decr. ap.And.1.84, Th.4.2, etc.; opp. βασιλεύς, Hdt.7.3; opp. ἄρχων, Lys.5.3, Pl.Plt. 259b, SIG305.71 (iv B.C.); opp. δικαστής, Antipho 6.24; opp. πολιτευόμενος, D.10.70; opp. ῥήτωρ, Hyp.Eux.27; private soldier, opp. στρατηγός, X.An.1.3.11, cf.PHib.1.30.21 (iii B.C.); layman, opp. priest, OGI90.52 (Rosetta, ii B.C.), PGnom. 200 (ii A.D.), 1 Ep.Cor.14.16: as Adj.,

    ἰ. ἄνδρες Hdt.1.32

    ,70, Th.1.115; ἰ. θεοί homely (with play on ἴδιος), Ar.Ra. 891.
    2 common man, plebeian,

    οἱ ἰ. καὶ πένητες Plu.Thes.24

    ; ἰ. καὶ εὐτελής, opp. βασιλεύς, Hdn.4.10.2.
    3 as Adj., ἰ. βίος private station, Pl.R. 578c; ἰ. λόγος everyday speech, D.H.Dem.2, cf. Longin.31.2.
    III one who has no professional knowledge, layman, καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ ἰ. Th.2.48, cf. Hp.VM 4, Pl.Tht. 178c, Lg. 933d;

    ἰ. ἤ τινα τέχνην ἔχων Id.Sph. 221c

    ; of prose-writers, ἐν μέτρῳ ὡς ποιητής, ἢ ἄνευ μέτρου ὡς ἰ. Id.Phdr. 258d, cf. Smp. 178b;

    ἰ. καὶ μηδὲν αὐλήσεως ἐπαΐων Id.Prt. 327c

    ; opp. to a professed orator, Isoc.4.11; to a trained soldier, X.Eq.Mag.8.1; ἰδιώτας, ὡς εἰπεῖν, χειροτέχναις (- νας codd.)

    ἀνταγωνισαμένους Th.6.72

    ; opp. ἀσκητής, X.Mem.3.7.7, cf. 12.1; opp. ἀθλητής, Arist.EN 1116b13; opp. a professed philosopher, Id.Pol. 1266a31, Phld.Lib. p.5<*> O., D.1.25; in Music, Id.Mus.p.42 K.; opp. δημιουργός, Pl.Prt. 312a, Thg. 124c: as Adj., ὁ ἰ. ὄχλος, opp. artificers, Plu.Per.12.
    2 c. gen. rei, unpractised, unskilled in a thing,

    ἰατρικῆς Pl.Prt. 345a

    , cf. Ti. 20a;

    ἔργου X.Oec.3.9

    ; ἰ. κατὰ τοὺς πόνους, κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον, Id.Cyr. 1.5.11;

    ἰ. τὰ ἄλλα Hdn.4.12.1

    ;

    ἰ. ὡς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀγωνίζεσθαι X.Cyr.

     l.c., cf. Luc.Herm.81.
    3 generally, raw hand, ignoramus,

    ἄν τε δεινοὶ λάχωσιν ἄν τε ἰδιῶται.. D.4.35

    ; παιδάρια καὶ ἰ., of slaves, S.E. M.1.234 (cf.

    ἰ. οἰκέται Luc.Alex.30

    ); ἀμαθὴς καὶ ἰ., opp. τεχνίτης, Id.Ind.29; voc. ἰδιῶτα, as a term of abuse, Men.Sam.71.
    4 ' average man', opp. a person of distinction, Plu.2.1104a.
    IV ἰδιῶται, οἱ, one's own countrymen, opp. ξένοι, Ar.Ra. 459.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰδιώτης

  • 76 ῥητορόμυκτος

    ῥητορό-μυκτος, ου, ὁ, (μύσσομαι) μυκτὴρ ῥ. a nostril (= nose = sneerer)
    A blown (i.e. trained) by rhetoricians, of Socrates, Timo 25.3.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥητορόμυκτος

  • 77 ἀμάμαξυς

    ἀμάμαξυς, - υος
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `vine trained on two poles' (Epich., Sapph.,).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Fur. 212 compares ἀμαξίς γένος σταφυλῆς ἀπὸ ἀναδενδράδος H., which is no doubt correct. The word shows reduplication. The further connection with βῆκα· ἀναδενδράς H. is of course very doubtful; better, though still doubtful, the comparison with Hitt. maḫla-. Cf. also Kuiper FS Kretschmer 215 n. 15. This is a typical substr. word (wrong Alessio, Studi Etr. 33, 1965, 718).
    Page in Frisk: 1,85

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάμαξυς

  • 78 αἰσθητήριον

    αἰσθητήριον, ου, τό (Hippocr. et al.; Herm. Wr. 7, 3; Jer 4:19; 4 Macc 2:22; Philo) lit. ‘organ of sense’; fig. capacity for discernment, faculty, of the ability to make moral decisions (s. PLinde, De Epicuri Vocab., Bresl. Philol. Abh. X/3, 1906, 32) τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα ἔχειν πρὸς διάκρισιν καλοῦ τε και κακοῦ have one’s faculties trained to distinguish betw. good and evil Hb 5:14 (cp. Galen, De Dign. Puls. 3, 2 vol. VIII 892 K. αἰσθητήριον ἔχειν γεγυμνασμένον; Iren. 4, 38, 2 [Harv. II 294, 12] appears to have Hb 5:14 in mind).—DELG s.v. 1. ἀί̈ω. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > αἰσθητήριον

  • 79 ζεῦγος

    ζεῦγος, ους, τό
    ① a team of two draft animals joined by a common frame, yoke, team, ζεῦγος βοῶν (Hom. et al.; Diod S 14, 18, 5; Arrian, Anab. 2, 3, 2; PPetr III, 31, 5 [240 B.C.]; 3 Km 19:21; Job 1:3, 14; 42:12; TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 14 [Stone p. 4]; TestJob 10:5 al.; cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 353; 12, 192) Lk 14:19. Unless the author intends to emphasize that the ten oxen (ζεύγη πέντε) were being sold as well-trained working animals, the term can also have the more general mng. 2 (in both senses it is a loanw. in rabb.).
    ② pair (Aeschyl., Ag. 44; Hdt. 3, 130; X., Oec. 7, 18; OGI 533, 6; 47; POxy 267, 6 [36 A.D.] ἐνωτίων ζ.; BGU 22, 31 [114 A.D.] ζ. ψελλίων) ζ. τρυγόνων a pair of turtle doves Lk 2:24 (Lev 5:11. Of doves also Sb 7814, 21; 24 [256 A.D.]).—DELG s.v. ζεύγνυμι II; Frisk s.v. ζεῦγος. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ζεῦγος

  • 80 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

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  • trained — adjective shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form (Freq. 8) a trained mind trained pigeons well trained servants • Ant: ↑untrained • Similar to: ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • trained — adj. VERBS ▪ be ADVERB ▪ highly, superbly ▪ a highly trained army ▪ well ▪ …   Collocations dictionary

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