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basic+bases

  • 1 clothing maintenance allowance, basic BASES, beam approach seeker evaluation system

    Military: CMAB

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > clothing maintenance allowance, basic BASES, beam approach seeker evaluation system

  • 2 ley de bases

    • basic precepts
    • guiding
    • guiding star

    Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > ley de bases

  • 3 distribuidor de bases de datos

    = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor
    Ex. Online system hosts, sometimes known as online system suppliers, online service vendors and online service spinners, are responsible for mounting data bases upon a computer and making the arrangements necessary for such data bases to be searchable from a large number of remote user terminals.
    Ex. This article covers the structure of a bibliographic data base, the differences in the basic index between different data base hosts, and how to link terms to make multiword concepts.
    Ex. Using the cross-file searching capabilities of the Dialog and ESA-IRS host systems, 53 data bases were investigated.
    Ex. EasyNet is an American-based, menu-driven information retrieval system which links untrained users to over 800 data bases from nearly 20 on-line service vendors.
    * * *
    = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor

    Ex: Online system hosts, sometimes known as online system suppliers, online service vendors and online service spinners, are responsible for mounting data bases upon a computer and making the arrangements necessary for such data bases to be searchable from a large number of remote user terminals.

    Ex: This article covers the structure of a bibliographic data base, the differences in the basic index between different data base hosts, and how to link terms to make multiword concepts.
    Ex: Using the cross-file searching capabilities of the Dialog and ESA-IRS host systems, 53 data bases were investigated.
    Ex: EasyNet is an American-based, menu-driven information retrieval system which links untrained users to over 800 data bases from nearly 20 on-line service vendors.

    Spanish-English dictionary > distribuidor de bases de datos

  • 4 base

    adj.
    host.
    f.
    base de maquillaje foundation (cream)
    2 basis (fundamento, origen).
    el petróleo es la base de su economía their economy is based on oil
    ese argumento se cae por su base that argument is built on sand
    partimos de la base de que… we assume that…
    sentar las bases para to lay the foundations of
    3 base.
    base aérea air base
    base espacial space station
    base de lanzamiento launch site
    base naval naval base
    base de operaciones operational base
    4 base (chemistry).
    5 base (math & geometry).
    6 base.
    7 makeup.
    8 radix, base of a system of numbers or logarithms.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: basar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) base
    2 figurado basis
    ■ si partimos de la base de que... if we start from the premise that...
    3 QUÍMICA base, alkali
    2 las bases (de partido etc) grass roots, rank and file
    \
    a base de (por) through, by means of, using 2 (de) consisting of
    en base a based on, on the basis of
    base aérea air base
    base de datos database
    base de datos documental documentary database
    base de datos relacional relational database
    base de lanzamiento launch site
    base de operaciones operational headquarters
    base imponible taxable income
    base naval naval base
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) base
    •
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=parte inferior) base
    2) (=fondo) [de pintura] background; [de maquillaje] foundation
    3) (=fundamento) basis

    • carecer de base — [acusación] to lack foundation, be unfounded; [argumento] to lack justification, be unjustified

    • de base — [error, dato] basic, fundamental; [activista, apoyo] grass-roots antes de s

    • en base a [uso periodístico] —

    en base a que: no publicaron la carta en base a que era demasiado larga — they didn't publish the letter because it was too long

    • partir de una base, un juez tiene que partir de una base de neutralidad absoluta — a judge must start out from a position of absolute neutrality

    partiendo de esta base, nos planteamos la necesidad... — on this assumption, we think it necessary...

    partir de la base de que... — to take as one's starting point that...

    • sentar las bases de algo — to lay the foundations of sth

    • sobre la base de algo — on the basis of sth

    4) (=componente principal)

    • a base de algo, una dieta a base de arroz — a rice-based diet, a diet based on rice

    un plato a base de verduras — a vegetable-based dish, a dish based on vegetables

    • a base de hacer algo — by doing sth

    así, a base de no hacer nada, poco vas a conseguir — you won't achieve much by doing nothing

    a base de insistir, la convenció para comprar la casa — by o through his insistence, he persuaded her to buy the house

    base imponible — (Econ) taxable income

    5) (=conocimientos básicos) grounding
    6) (Mil) base
    7) pl bases
    a) (=condiciones) [de concurso] conditions, rules; [de convocatoria] requirements
    b) (Pol)
    8) (Inform)
    9) (Mat) [en una potencia] base
    10) (Quím) base
    11) (Téc) base, mounting
    12) (Agrimensura) base, base line
    13) (Ling) (tb: base derivativa) base form
    14) (Béisbol) base
    15) ** (=droga) base
    2.
    SMF (Baloncesto) guard
    3. ADJ INV
    1) (=de partida) [campamento, campo] base antes de s ; [puerto] home antes de s
    2) (=básico) [idea] basic; [documento, texto] provisional, draft

    • alimento base — staple (food)

    • color base — base colour o (EEUU) color

    salario, sueldo
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( parte inferior) base
    b) tb
    2)

    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered; un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet; vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills; de base <planteamiento/error> fundamental, basic; < militante> rank-and-file (before n), ordinary (before n); < movimiento> grass-roots (before n); en base a (crit) on the basis of; a base de bien (Esp fam): comimos a base de bien — we ate really well

    base aérea/naval/militar — air/naval/military base

    5)

    las bases — (Pol) the rank and file (pl)

    6) (Mat, Quím) base
    7) bases femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)
    8)
    a) ( en béisbol) base
    b) base masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard
    II
    adjetivo invariable
    a) (básico, elemental) basic; <documento/texto> draft (before n)
    b) < campamento> base (before n)
    * * *
    = base, base, base plate, basis [bases, -pl.], basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, core, cornerstone [corner-stone], foundation, grounding, underpinning, cradle, warp and woof.
    Ex. The reader should now have a reasonably firm base from which to begin a more detailed reading of the specification of elements.
    Ex. The base of a notation is the set of symbols used in a specific notation.
    Ex. The two windows in the base plate of the scanner help move the read head accurately across the bar codes.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex. The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex. Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.
    Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex. The experience gained with these special schemes provided a grounding for work on the development of a new general scheme.
    Ex. The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex. 'I have to leave fairly soon,' he said as he returned the receiver to its cradle, 'so let's get down to business'.
    Ex. Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    ----
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * afianzar las bases = strengthen + foundations.
    * aplicar una capa base = prime.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * banda de base = baseband.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base cognitiva = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database, cataloguing database.
    * base de datos comercial = commercial database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = textual data base, text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos documental = textual data base.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos financiera = financial database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos local = local area database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos numérico-textual = textual-numeric database, text-numeric database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * base de datos textual = textual data base.
    * base de operaciones = home base.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * base impositiva = tax base.
    * base lógica = rationale.
    * base militar = military base.
    * bases = background.
    * base teórica = theoretical underpinning, theoretical underpinning.
    * búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos = cross database searching.
    * campamento base = base camp.
    * comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * como base para = as a basis for.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * conformar las bases = set + the framework.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * constituir la base = form + the foundation.
    * constituir la base de = form + the basis of.
    * construir la base = form + the skeleton.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * crear una base = form + a basis.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * empezar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en la base = at the core (of).
    * en su base = at its core.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * formar la base = form + the foundation.
    * formar la base de = form + the basis of.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestor de bases de datos = database management system (DBMS), DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * hecho a base de parches = patchwork.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * novela escrita a base de fórmulas o clichés = formula fiction.
    * organismo de base popular = grassroots organisation.
    * partir de la base de que = start from + the premise that, build on + the premise that.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * portada de una base de datos = file banner.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * remedio a base de hierbas = herbal remedy.
    * sentar base = make + things happen.
    * sentar las bases = lay + foundation, set + the scene, set + the wheels in motion, set + the tone, set + the framework, set + the pattern, provide + the basis, lay + the basis for, provide + the material for.
    * sentar las bases de Algo = lay + the groundwork for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * sin base = unsupported, ill-founded.
    * sobre base de arena = sand-based.
    * sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.
    * sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.
    * subsistir a base de = live on.
    * tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( parte inferior) base
    b) tb
    2)

    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered; un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet; vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills; de base <planteamiento/error> fundamental, basic; < militante> rank-and-file (before n), ordinary (before n); < movimiento> grass-roots (before n); en base a (crit) on the basis of; a base de bien (Esp fam): comimos a base de bien — we ate really well

    base aérea/naval/militar — air/naval/military base

    5)

    las bases — (Pol) the rank and file (pl)

    6) (Mat, Quím) base
    7) bases femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)
    8)
    a) ( en béisbol) base
    b) base masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard
    II
    adjetivo invariable
    a) (básico, elemental) basic; <documento/texto> draft (before n)
    b) < campamento> base (before n)
    * * *
    = base, base, base plate, basis [bases, -pl.], basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, core, cornerstone [corner-stone], foundation, grounding, underpinning, cradle, warp and woof.

    Ex: The reader should now have a reasonably firm base from which to begin a more detailed reading of the specification of elements.

    Ex: The base of a notation is the set of symbols used in a specific notation.
    Ex: The two windows in the base plate of the scanner help move the read head accurately across the bar codes.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex: The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex: Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.
    Ex: In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex: The experience gained with these special schemes provided a grounding for work on the development of a new general scheme.
    Ex: The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex: 'I have to leave fairly soon,' he said as he returned the receiver to its cradle, 'so let's get down to business'.
    Ex: Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * afianzar las bases = strengthen + foundations.
    * aplicar una capa base = prime.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * banda de base = baseband.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base cognitiva = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database, cataloguing database.
    * base de datos comercial = commercial database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = textual data base, text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos documental = textual data base.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos financiera = financial database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos local = local area database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos numérico-textual = textual-numeric database, text-numeric database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * base de datos textual = textual data base.
    * base de operaciones = home base.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * base impositiva = tax base.
    * base lógica = rationale.
    * base militar = military base.
    * bases = background.
    * base teórica = theoretical underpinning, theoretical underpinning.
    * búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos = cross database searching.
    * campamento base = base camp.
    * comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * como base para = as a basis for.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * conformar las bases = set + the framework.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * constituir la base = form + the foundation.
    * constituir la base de = form + the basis of.
    * construir la base = form + the skeleton.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * crear una base = form + a basis.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * empezar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en la base = at the core (of).
    * en su base = at its core.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * formar la base = form + the foundation.
    * formar la base de = form + the basis of.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestor de bases de datos = database management system (DBMS), DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * hecho a base de parches = patchwork.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * novela escrita a base de fórmulas o clichés = formula fiction.
    * organismo de base popular = grassroots organisation.
    * partir de la base de que = start from + the premise that, build on + the premise that.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * portada de una base de datos = file banner.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * remedio a base de hierbas = herbal remedy.
    * sentar base = make + things happen.
    * sentar las bases = lay + foundation, set + the scene, set + the wheels in motion, set + the tone, set + the framework, set + the pattern, provide + the basis, lay + the basis for, provide + the material for.
    * sentar las bases de Algo = lay + the groundwork for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * sin base = unsupported, ill-founded.
    * sobre base de arena = sand-based.
    * sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.
    * sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.
    * subsistir a base de = live on.
    * tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.

    * * *
    A
    la base de una columna the base of a column
    el contraste está en la base the hallmark is on the base o the bottom
    2 (fondo) background
    sobre una base de tonos claros against o on a background of light tones
    3
    tb base de maquillaje foundation
    4 (permanente) soft perm
    B
    1
    (fundamento): no tienes suficiente base para asegurar eso you don't have sufficient grounds to claim that
    la base de una buena salud es una alimentación sana the basis of good health is a balanced diet
    esa afirmación carece de bases sólidas that statement is not founded o based on any firm evidence
    sentar las bases de un acuerdo to lay the foundations of an agreement
    un movimiento sin base popular a movement without a popular power base
    tomar algo como base to take sth as a starting point
    partiendo or si partimos de la base de que … if we start from the premise o assumption that …
    sobre la base de estos datos podemos concluir que … on the basis of this information we can conclude that …
    2
    (componente principal): la base de su alimentación es el arroz rice is their staple food, their diet is based on rice
    la base de este perfume es el jazmín this perfume has a jasmine base, this is a jasmine-based perfume
    los diamantes forman la base de la economía the economy is based on diamonds
    3
    (conocimientos básicos): tiene una sólida base científica he has a sound basic knowledge of o he has a sound grounding in science
    llegó sin ninguna base he hadn't mastered the basics when he arrived
    Compuestos:
    database
    relational database
    tax base ( AmE), taxable income o base ( BrE)
    C ( en locs):
    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered
    lo consiguió a base de muchos sacrificios he had to make a lot of sacrifices to achieve it
    un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet, a diet mainly consisting of vegetables
    una bebida a base de ginebra a gin-based drink
    vive a base de pastillas pills are what keep her going
    de base ‹planteamiento/error› fundamental, basic;
    ‹militante› rank-and-file ( before n), ordinary ( before n); ‹movimiento/democracia› grass roots ( before n)
    en base a ( crit); on the basis of
    en base a las recientes encuestas on the evidence o basis of recent polls
    una propuesta de negociación en base a un programa de diez puntos a proposal for negotiations based on a ten-point plan
    a base de bien ( Esp fam): comimos a base de bien we really ate well, we had a really good meal
    Compuestos:
    air base
    launch site
    center* of operations, operational headquarters ( sing o pl)
    military base
    naval base
    E ( Pol) tb
    bases rank and file (pl)
    F ( Mat) base
    G ( Quím) base
    H bases fpl (de un concurso) rules (pl), conditions of entry (pl)
    I
    2
    1 (básico, elemental) ‹alimento› basic, staple ( before n); ‹documento/texto› draft ( before n)
    la idea base partió de … the basic idea stemmed from …
    2 (de origen) ‹puerto› home ( before n); ‹campamento› base ( before n)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo basar: ( conjugate basar)

    basé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    base es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    basar    
    base
    basar ( conjugate basar) verbo transitivo ‹teoría/idea› base algo en algo to base sth on sth
    basarse verbo pronominal
    a) [ persona] basese EN algo:

    ◊ ¿en qué te basas para decir eso? and what basis o grounds do you have for saying that?;

    se basó en esos datos he based his argument (o theory etc) on that information
    b) [teoría/creencia/idea/opinión] basese EN algo to be based on sth

    base sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) tb


    2


    tengo suficiente base para asegurar eso I have sufficient grounds to claim that;
    sentar las bases de algo to lay the foundations of sth;
    tomar algo como base to take sth as a starting point


    llegó al curso sin ninguna base he didn't have the basics when he began the course;
    base de datos database
    3 ( en locs)
    ◊ a base de: un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet;

    vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills
    4 ( centro de operaciones) base;
    ◊ base aérea/naval/militar air/naval/military base

    5
    ◊ bases sustantivo femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)

    6

    b)

    ◊ base sustantivo masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard

    basar verbo transitivo to base [en, on]
    base
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 base
    2 (fundamento de una teoría, de un argumento) basis, (motivo) grounds: tus quejas no tienen base alguna, your complaints are groundless
    3 (conocimientos previos) grounding: tiene muy mala base en matemáticas, he's got a very poor grasp of maths
    4 Mil base
    base aérea/naval, air/naval base
    5 Inform base de datos, data base
    II fpl
    1 Pol the grass roots: las bases no apoyan al candidato, the candidate didn't get any grass-roots support
    2 (de un concurso) rules
    ♦ Locuciones: a base de: la fastidiaron a base de bien, they really messed her about
    a base de estudiar consiguió aprobar, he passed by studying
    a base de extracto de camomila, using camomile extract
    ' base' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - basar
    - columpiarse
    - concentración
    - esquema
    - fundar
    - fundamentar
    - fundarse
    - innoble
    - mantenerse
    - pie
    - salario
    - somier
    - subsistir
    - tejemaneje
    - asiento
    - banco
    - bastardo
    - cimentar
    - fundamento
    - inicial
    - mantener
    - rejilla
    - sueldo
    English:
    air base
    - base
    - basis
    - circuit board
    - cornerstone
    - data base
    - decision making
    - fatty
    - foundation
    - from
    - grounding
    - rank
    - rationale
    - roll out
    - stand
    - undercoat
    - work
    - air
    - ball
    - base pay
    - bed
    - cover
    - data
    - educated
    - found
    - French
    - go
    - ground
    - hard
    - home
    - model
    - pickle
    - primary
    - report
    - rocky
    - sordid
    - squash
    - staple
    - starchy
    - taxable
    - under
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [parte inferior] base;
    [de edificio] foundations;
    colocaron un ramo de flores en la base del monumento they placed a bunch of flowers at the foot of the monument
    base de maquillaje foundation (cream)
    2. [fundamento, origen] basis;
    el respeto al medio ambiente es la base de un desarrollo equilibrado respect for the environment is o forms the basis of balanced development;
    el petróleo es la base de su economía their economy is based on oil;
    salí de la universidad con una sólida base humanística I left university with a solid grounding in the humanities;
    ese argumento se cae por su base that argument is built on sand;
    esta teoría carece de base this theory is unfounded, this theory is not founded on solid arguments;
    partimos de la base de que… we assume that…;
    se parte de la base de que todos ya saben leer we're starting with the assumption that everyone can read;
    sentar las bases para… to lay the foundations of…;
    sobre la base de esta encuesta se concluye que… on the basis of this opinion poll, it can be concluded that… Fin base imponible taxable income
    3. [conocimientos básicos] grounding;
    habla mal francés porque tiene mala base she doesn't speak French well because she hasn't learnt the basics properly
    4. [militar, científica] base
    base aérea air base;
    base espacial space station;
    base de lanzamiento launch site;
    base naval naval base;
    base de operaciones operational base;
    [aeropuerto civil ] base (of operations)
    5. Quím base
    6. Geom base
    7. Mat base
    8. Ling base (form)
    base de datos documental documentary database;
    base de datos relacional relational database
    10. Com base de clientes customer base
    11.
    bases [para prueba, concurso] rules
    12.
    las bases [de partido, sindicato] the grass roots, the rank and file;
    afiliado de las bases grassroots member
    13. [en béisbol] base;
    Méx
    ♦ nmf
    [en baloncesto] guard
    ♦ a base de loc prep
    by (means of);
    me alimento a base de verduras I live on vegetables;
    el flan está hecho a base de huevos crème caramel is made with eggs;
    a base de no hacer nada by not doing anything;
    a base de trabajar duro fue ascendiendo puestos she moved up through the company by working hard;
    aprender a base de equivocarse to learn the hard way;
    se sacó la carrera a base de codos she got her degree by sheer hard work
    Esp Fam
    a base de bien: nos humillaron a base de bien they really humiliated us;
    lloraba a base de bien he was crying his eyes out;
    los niños disfrutaron a base de bien the children had a great time
    ♦ en base a loc prep
    [considerado incorrecto] on the basis of;
    en base a lo visto hasta ahora, no creo que puedan ganar from what I've seen so far, I don't think they can win;
    el plan se efectuará en base a lo convenido the plan will be carried out in accordance with the terms agreed upon
    * * *
    I f
    1 QUÍM, MAT, MIL, DEP base
    2
    :
    bases pl de concurso etc conditions
    3
    :
    una dieta a base de frutas a diet based on fruit, a fruit-based diet;
    consiguió comprarse una casa a base de ahorrar he managed to buy a house by (dint of) saving;
    nos divertimos a base de bien we had a really o fam a real good time
    II m/f en baloncesto guard
    * * *
    base nf
    1) : base, bottom
    2) : base (in baseball)
    3) fundamento: basis, foundation
    4)
    base de datos : database
    5)
    a base de : based on, by means of
    6)
    en base a : based on, on the basis of
    * * *
    base n
    1. (en general) base
    2. (fundamento) basis [pl. bases]

    Spanish-English dictionary > base

  • 5 base

    base [bαz]
    1. feminine noun
       a. ( = lieu) base
    • base navale/aérienne naval/air base
       b. ( = fondement) basis
       d. (locutions)
    * * *
    bɑz
    1) ( partie inférieure) base (de of)
    2) fig (assise de système, théorie) basis (de of); ( point de départ) basis (de for)

    à la base de quelque chose — at the root ou heart of something

    salaire/formation de base — basic salary/training

    repartir sur de nouvelles bases — fig to make a fresh start

    3) ( ingrédient essentiel) base (de of)
    4) Chimie base
    7) ( cosmétique) make-up base, foundation
    8) Armée base
    9) ( de parti)
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    bɒz nf
    1) [édifice, montagne] base

    la base — the rank and file, the grass roots

    3) (= fondement, principe) basis

    Le pain et le lait sont des aliments de base. — Bread and milk are basic foods.

    à base de plantes — plant-based, made from plant extracts

    * * *
    base nf
    1 ( partie inférieure) base (de of);
    2 fig (assise de système, théorie) basis (de of); ( point de départ) basis (de for); sur la base de on the basis of; servir de base à to serve as a basis for; jeter les bases d'un partenariat to pave the way to ou lay the foundations for a partnership; reposer sur des bases solides to rest on a firm foundation; à la base de qch at the root ou heart of sth; ces principes sont à la base de la démocratie there principles lie at the very heart of democracy; avoir des bases en chimie to have a basic grounding in chemistry; avoir des bases solides en russe to have a solid grounding in Russian; connaissances/salaire/formation de base basic knowledge/salary/training; citoyen/culture de base basic citizen/culture; document/données de base source document/data; ce raisonnement pèche par la base this argument is basically unsound; repartir sur de nouvelles bases fig [personne] to make a fresh start;
    3 ( ingrédient essentiel) base (de of); poison à base d'arsenic arsenic-based poison; alliage à base de cuivre copper alloy; le riz forme la base de leur alimentation rice is their staple diet;
    4 Chimie base;
    5 Math base de numération numerical base;
    6 Ling ( radical) root;
    7 ( cosmétique) make-up base, foundation;
    8 Mil base; rejoindre sa base to return to base; avoir Lyon pour base [régiment, groupe industriel] to be based in Lyons;
    9 Pol ( militants) la base the rank and file; militant de base rank and file member.
    base aérienne air base; base de données Ordinat data base; base de données relationnelles Ordinat relational database; base d'imposition tax base; base de lancement launching site; base de loisirs leisure centreGB; base navale naval base; base d'observation de satellites satellite observation station; base spatiale space station.
    [baz] nom féminin
    1. [support] base
    2. [fondement] basis, groundwork (substantif non comptable), foundations
    établir quelque chose/reposer sur une base solide to set something up/to rest on a sound basis
    établir ou jeter les bases d'une alliance to lay the foundations of ou for an alliance
    quelle est votre base de départ? what's ou where's your starting point?
    base (aérienne/militaire/navale) (air/army/naval) base
    base d'opérations/de ravitaillement operations/supply base
    la base the grass roots, the rank and file
    7. GÉOMÉTRIE & INFORMATIQUE & MATHÉMATIQUES base
    système de base cinq/huit base five/eight system
    8. LINGUISTIQUE [en diachronie] root
    [en synchronie] base, stem
    [en grammaire générative] base component
    9. CUISINE [d'un cocktail, d'une sauce] basic ingredient
    11. sportdétente
    ————————
    bases nom féminin pluriel
    [fondations] foundations, basis
    avoir de bonnes bases en arabe/musique to have a good grounding in Arabic/in music
    à base de locution prépositionnelle
    ————————
    à la base locution adverbiale
    1. [en son fondement]
    2. [au début] at the beginning, to begin ou to start off with
    ————————
    de base locution adjectivale
    1. [fondamental - vocabulaire, industrie] basic ; [ - principe] basic, fundamental
    2. [de référence - salaire, traitement] basic

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > base

  • 6 gestión

    f.
    1 step, move, step of a process, gestio.
    2 negotiation, management, undertaking, action.
    3 management.
    * * *
    ■ tengo que realizar varias gestiones, después nos veremos I have a few errands to do, so I'll see you later
    2 (comercial) administration, management
    \
    gestión de datos data management
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=administración) management

    gestión interna — (Inform) housekeeping

    2) pl gestiones (=trámites)
    * * *
    a) ( trámite)

    hizo or efectuó gestiones para adoptar un niño — he went through the procedure for adopting a child

    b) (Com, Fin) management
    c) (Adm, Gob) administration
    d) gestiones femenino plural ( negociaciones) negotiations (pl)
    * * *
    = handling, husbanding, management, manipulation, running, dispensation, stewardship, manning, managing, back office, keeping.
    Ex. The document can now be returned to the proper department for further handling.
    Ex. There is nevertheless some scope in some African countries for the exploitation of basic information technologies for such actitivies as the internal husbanding and sharing of decision-making data.
    Ex. The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.
    Ex. Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.
    Ex. The acquisition of these materials is a skilful job demanding the sort of dedication that a housewife brings to the running of her home.
    Ex. The role of government publications in the provision of information is discussed as well as the new constitutional dispensation which came into being in September 1984 in the Republic of South Africa.
    Ex. The librarian's professional values include service, commitment to truth-seeking and intellectual freedom and a sense of responsibility ( stewardship of knowledge).
    Ex. All the things that follow in the chapter are subservient to the inquiry point and its proper manning.
    Ex. Compiling, updating, managing and editing monolingual and multilingual thesauri without suitable software is extremely complex.
    Ex. Benefits have been proven in the back office and now many organizations are applying it in customer facing applications.
    Ex. I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.
    ----
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * consultoría para la gestión = management consultant.
    * cursos de gestión de información = management course.
    * de gestión = back-office.
    * de gestión del museo = curatorial.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * economía de gestión = managerial economics.
    * encargado de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.
    * encargado de la gestión documental = record(s) manager.
    * equipo de gestión = management team.
    * escuela de gestión = business school.
    * estilo de gestión = managerial style, management style.
    * estrategia de gestión = management strategy, managerial strategy.
    * estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.
    * estructura jerárquica de gestión = line management.
    * estudios de gestión = management science.
    * gasto de gestión = administration fee.
    * gastos de gestión = handling fee.
    * gestión administrativa = housekeeping.
    * gestión bibliotecaria = library management.
    * gestión compartida = shared governance.
    * gestión de aguas = water management.
    * gestión de archivos = management of records, archive(s) management.
    * gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).
    * gestión de casos clínicos = case management.
    * gestión de crisis = crisis management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestión de documentación administrativa = record keeping [recordkeeping], record management [records management], record(s) management, paperwork management.
    * gestión de documentos = document management, handling of documents, record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.
    * gestión de empresas = business management.
    * gestión de fincas = land management.
    * gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.
    * gestión de imágenes = imaging, image-handling, image management.
    * gestión de imágenes de documentos = document image management.
    * gestión de imágenes digitales = digital imaging, digital image management.
    * gestión de imágenes electrónicas = electronic image management.
    * gestión de imágenes por ordenador = computer imaging.
    * gestión de la biblioteca = library management, library administration.
    * gestión de la colección = collection management.
    * gestión de la información = information management, information handling.
    * gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.
    * gestión del catálogo = catalogue management.
    * gestión del comportamiento = behaviour management.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestión del contenido = content management.
    * gestión del medio ambiente = environmental management.
    * Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).
    * gestión del tiempo = time management.
    * gestión de objetos = object management.
    * gestión de oficinas = office management.
    * gestión de operaciones = operations management.
    * gestión de personal = personnel management.
    * gestión de recursos acuáticos = aquatic resource management.
    * gestión de recursos acuíferos = water resource management.
    * gestión de recursos hidráulicos = water management.
    * gestión de recursos humanos = human resource management.
    * gestión de registros = record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión de soportes = media management.
    * gestión de terrenos = land management.
    * gestión de tierras = land management.
    * gestión diaria de, la = day-to-day running of, the.
    * gestión documental = information management, record management [records management], record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping], record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión económica = economics.
    * gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record keeping, electronic record keeping, electronic record management.
    * gestión entre pares = collegial management.
    * gestiones = paperwork.
    * gestión financiera = fiscal management.
    * gestión mediante proyectos = project management.
    * gestión participativa = participative management.
    * gestión por objetivos = management by objectives (MBO).
    * gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * herramienta de gestión = management tool, managerial tool.
    * herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.
    * información de gestión = management data, management information.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * Licenciado en Gestión Empresarial = MBA (Master of Business Administration).
    * mala gestión = mismanagement.
    * método de gestión = managerial style.
    * nivel alto de gestión = higher management.
    * nivel medio de gestión = middle management.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * profesional de la gestión documental = information management professional.
    * profesional encargado de la gestión de documentos = records professional.
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * responsabilidad en la gestión = accountability.
    * responsable de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.
    * responsable de la gestión documental = record(s) manager.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.
    * teoría de la gestión = management theory.
    * * *
    a) ( trámite)

    hizo or efectuó gestiones para adoptar un niño — he went through the procedure for adopting a child

    b) (Com, Fin) management
    c) (Adm, Gob) administration
    d) gestiones femenino plural ( negociaciones) negotiations (pl)
    * * *
    = handling, husbanding, management, manipulation, running, dispensation, stewardship, manning, managing, back office, keeping.

    Ex: The document can now be returned to the proper department for further handling.

    Ex: There is nevertheless some scope in some African countries for the exploitation of basic information technologies for such actitivies as the internal husbanding and sharing of decision-making data.
    Ex: The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.
    Ex: Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.
    Ex: The acquisition of these materials is a skilful job demanding the sort of dedication that a housewife brings to the running of her home.
    Ex: The role of government publications in the provision of information is discussed as well as the new constitutional dispensation which came into being in September 1984 in the Republic of South Africa.
    Ex: The librarian's professional values include service, commitment to truth-seeking and intellectual freedom and a sense of responsibility ( stewardship of knowledge).
    Ex: All the things that follow in the chapter are subservient to the inquiry point and its proper manning.
    Ex: Compiling, updating, managing and editing monolingual and multilingual thesauri without suitable software is extremely complex.
    Ex: Benefits have been proven in the back office and now many organizations are applying it in customer facing applications.
    Ex: I am an associate director for collections development, and my responsibilities relate to the getting and keeping of collections = Soy subdirector encargado del desarrollo de la colección y mis responsabilidades están relaconadas con la adquisición y mantenimiento de las colecciones.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * consultoría para la gestión = management consultant.
    * cursos de gestión de información = management course.
    * de gestión = back-office.
    * de gestión del museo = curatorial.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * economía de gestión = managerial economics.
    * encargado de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.
    * encargado de la gestión documental = record(s) manager.
    * equipo de gestión = management team.
    * escuela de gestión = business school.
    * estilo de gestión = managerial style, management style.
    * estrategia de gestión = management strategy, managerial strategy.
    * estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.
    * estructura jerárquica de gestión = line management.
    * estudios de gestión = management science.
    * gasto de gestión = administration fee.
    * gastos de gestión = handling fee.
    * gestión administrativa = housekeeping.
    * gestión bibliotecaria = library management.
    * gestión compartida = shared governance.
    * gestión de aguas = water management.
    * gestión de archivos = management of records, archive(s) management.
    * gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).
    * gestión de casos clínicos = case management.
    * gestión de crisis = crisis management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestión de documentación administrativa = record keeping [recordkeeping], record management [records management], record(s) management, paperwork management.
    * gestión de documentos = document management, handling of documents, record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.
    * gestión de empresas = business management.
    * gestión de fincas = land management.
    * gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.
    * gestión de imágenes = imaging, image-handling, image management.
    * gestión de imágenes de documentos = document image management.
    * gestión de imágenes digitales = digital imaging, digital image management.
    * gestión de imágenes electrónicas = electronic image management.
    * gestión de imágenes por ordenador = computer imaging.
    * gestión de la biblioteca = library management, library administration.
    * gestión de la colección = collection management.
    * gestión de la información = information management, information handling.
    * gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.
    * gestión del catálogo = catalogue management.
    * gestión del comportamiento = behaviour management.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestión del contenido = content management.
    * gestión del medio ambiente = environmental management.
    * Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).
    * gestión del tiempo = time management.
    * gestión de objetos = object management.
    * gestión de oficinas = office management.
    * gestión de operaciones = operations management.
    * gestión de personal = personnel management.
    * gestión de recursos acuáticos = aquatic resource management.
    * gestión de recursos acuíferos = water resource management.
    * gestión de recursos hidráulicos = water management.
    * gestión de recursos humanos = human resource management.
    * gestión de registros = record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión de soportes = media management.
    * gestión de terrenos = land management.
    * gestión de tierras = land management.
    * gestión diaria de, la = day-to-day running of, the.
    * gestión documental = information management, record management [records management], record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping], record keeping [recordkeeping].
    * gestión económica = economics.
    * gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record keeping, electronic record keeping, electronic record management.
    * gestión entre pares = collegial management.
    * gestiones = paperwork.
    * gestión financiera = fiscal management.
    * gestión mediante proyectos = project management.
    * gestión participativa = participative management.
    * gestión por objetivos = management by objectives (MBO).
    * gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * herramienta de gestión = management tool, managerial tool.
    * herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.
    * información de gestión = management data, management information.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * Licenciado en Gestión Empresarial = MBA (Master of Business Administration).
    * mala gestión = mismanagement.
    * método de gestión = managerial style.
    * nivel alto de gestión = higher management.
    * nivel medio de gestión = middle management.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * profesional de la gestión documental = information management professional.
    * profesional encargado de la gestión de documentos = records professional.
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * responsabilidad en la gestión = accountability.
    * responsable de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.
    * responsable de la gestión documental = record(s) manager.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.
    * teoría de la gestión = management theory.

    * * *
    1
    (trámite): la única gestión que había realizado the only step he had taken
    hizo or efectuó gestiones para adoptar un niño he went through the procedure for adopting a child
    su apoyo a las gestiones de paz their support for the peace process o peace moves
    las gestiones realizadas por sus compañeros the steps o action taken by his colleagues
    las gestiones actualmente en marcha para resolverlo the efforts currently under way to resolve it
    unas gestiones que tenía que realizar some business that I had to attend to
    2 ( Com, Fin) (de una empresa) management, running; (de bienes) management, administration
    3 ( Adm, Gob) administration
    un balance sobre sus dos años de gestión a review of their two-year administration o of their two years in power
    4 gestiones fpl (negociaciones) negotiations (pl)
    Compuestos:
    portfolio management
    risk management
    time management
    * * *

     

    gestión sustantivo femenino
    a) ( trámite) step;


    hizo gestiones para adoptar un niño he went through the procedure for adopting a child;
    su apoyo a las gestiones de paz their support for the peace process
    b)

    ◊ gestiones sustantivo femenino plural ( negociaciones) negotiations (pl)

    gestión sustantivo femenino
    1 (de un negocio, empresa) management 2 gestiones, (conjunto de trámites) formalities, steps: están haciendo gestiones para liberarlos, they are working to free him
    ' gestión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bloquear
    - excusada
    - excusado
    - recado
    - trámite
    - transparencia
    - transparente
    - diligencia
    - paso
    English:
    collapse
    - conduct
    - course
    - financial management
    - management
    - management accounting
    - management consultancy
    - management studies
    - MBA
    - mismanagement
    - personnel management
    - procedure
    - running
    - unproductive
    - financial
    - indictment
    * * *
    1. [diligencia]
    tengo que hacer unas gestiones en el ayuntamiento I have a few things to do at the town hall;
    las gestiones para obtener un visado the formalities involved in getting a visa;
    sus gestiones para obtener la beca no dieron fruto his efforts to get a grant were unsuccessful;
    las gestiones del negociador fracasaron the negotiator's efforts came to nothing;
    voy a intentar hacer unas gestiones a ver si puedo conseguirlo I'll try and speak to a few people to see if I can manage it;
    RP
    2. [administración] management
    gestión de calidad quality control; Fin gestión de cartera portfolio management; Com gestión de cobro = collection of outstanding payments;
    gestión de crisis crisis management;
    gestión de empresas business management;
    gestión financiera financial management;
    Com gestión de línea line management; Com gestión de personal personnel management;
    gestión política [de gobierno, ministro] conduct in government;
    gestión de recursos resource management;
    gestión de riesgos risk management;
    gestión del tiempo time management
    3. Informát gestión de ficheros file management;
    gestión de memoria memory management
    4. [gobierno] administration;
    tres años de gestión del gobierno socialista three years under the socialist administration
    * * *
    f
    1 management;
    mala gestión mismanagement, poor management
    2
    :
    gestiones pl ( trámites) formalities, procedure sg ;
    hacer gestiones attend to some business
    * * *
    1) trámite: procedure, step
    2) administración: management
    3) gestiones nfpl
    : negotiations
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > gestión

  • 7 hiperdistribuidor

    Ex. Supermarket hosts are those hosts who purchase or license data bases from producers and convert data on tapes to a uniform format with standardised bibliographic element names so that the basic commands and search techniques apply across all data bases offered by a specific vendor.
    * * *

    Ex: Supermarket hosts are those hosts who purchase or license data bases from producers and convert data on tapes to a uniform format with standardised bibliographic element names so that the basic commands and search techniques apply across all data bases offered by a specific vendor.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hiperdistribuidor

  • 8 mejorar

    v.
    to improve, to get better.
    María mejoró la receta Mary improved the recipe.
    Ricardo mejoró Richard got better.
    Las perspectivas mejoraron The outlook got better.
    mejorar una oferta to make a better offer
    * * *
    1 to improve
    1 to improve, get better
    1 to get better
    ■ ¡que te mejores! I hope you get better
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ servicio, resultados] to improve; [+ enfermo] to make better; (=realzar) to enhance; [+ oferta] to raise, improve; [+ récord] to break; (Inform) to upgrade
    2)

    mejorar a algn — (=ser mejor que) to be better than sb

    2. VI
    1) [situación] to improve, get better; (Meteo) to improve, clear up; (Econ) to improve, pick up; [enfermo] to get better

    han mejorado de actitud/imagen — their attitude/image has improved

    2) [en subasta] to raise one's bid
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <condiciones/situación> to improve
    b) < oferta> ( en subastas) to increase
    2.
    mejorar vi tiempo to improve, get better; resultados/calidad/situación to improve, get better; persona (Med) to get better

    han mejorado de posición — they've come o gone up in the world

    3.
    mejorarse v pron
    a) enfermo to get better

    ¿ya te mejoraste de la gripe? — have you got over the flu?

    que te mejores — get well soon, I hope you get better soon

    b) (Chi fam & euf) ( dar a luz) to give birth
    * * *
    = ameliorate, boost, cultivate, enhance, improve, optimise [optimize, -USA], scale up, score over, upgrade, give + improvement (in), better, bring + Nombre + up to par, get + better, gain + confidence (with/in), do + a better job, pump up, ease, outdo, jazz up, take + a turn, take + a turn, take + a turn for the better, turn + Nombre + (a)round, polish up, best, trump, buff up, go + one better, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, look up.
    Ex. These articles are compared with 34 articles on how similar blood changes might ameliorate Raynaud's disease.
    Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.
    Ex. Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.
    Ex. An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.
    Ex. Notice that it would be possible to improve recall indefinitely by scanning the entire document collection.
    Ex. The DOBIS/Leuven data bases is designed to optimize search and updating procedures, because these functions are critical to the operation of a library.
    Ex. After a brief discussion of basic hypertext operations, it considers some of the issues that arise in 'scaling up' hyptertext data base.
    Ex. A Permuterm index scores over a Double-KWIC index in that it avoids repetitive printing of one title.
    Ex. Sometimes it will be necessary to upgrade CIP records once the book is published, and this process is undertaken by BLBSD as appropriate.
    Ex. There was, it appeared, little point in spending more than four minutes indexing a particular document, for the additional time gave no improvement in results.
    Ex. She thumbed the pages slowly, explaining that the study had been conducted to try to ascertain student attitudes toward the media center, why they used it, which facilities they used, and to see if they had suggestions for bettering it.
    Ex. The article ' Bringing your golf collection up to par' gives guidelines on selecting library materials on golf.
    Ex. Systems will get better and cheaper with the passage of time.
    Ex. This assignment was designed to help students gain confidence in using print and computerized sources.
    Ex. At the same time librarians need to do a better job communicating information about available research and instructional support.
    Ex. The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.
    Ex. To ease the cataloguer's job and save him the trouble of counting characters, DOBIS/LIBIS uses a special function.
    Ex. This novel is narrated by William, an underachiever who is constantly outdone by his charming and lovable identical twin brother.
    Ex. After jazzing up her appearance with a new blonde hairdo, she turns up in his office and talks him into taking her out for a meal.
    Ex. All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.
    Ex. All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.
    Ex. His private life, however, took a turn for the better.
    Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex. If we polish up and internalize these pearls of wisdom, especially those which challenge our existing boundaries and beliefs, the payoff can be priceless.
    Ex. Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    Ex. If prejudice is allowed to trump the rights that all citizens should enjoy, then everyone's freedoms are ultimately endangered.
    Ex. As a general rule, you can ' buff up' your look by making your shoulders seem wider and your waist narrower.
    Ex. I think Murray will go one better than Wimbledon, but will lose to Federer again in the final.
    Ex. Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.
    Ex. Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.
    Ex. There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.
    Ex. We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.
    Ex. David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.
    Ex. Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.
    Ex. After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.
    Ex. Things may be looking up for Blair, but it is still not certain that he will fight the election.
    ----
    * cosas + mejorar = things + get better.
    * empezar a mejorar = turn + a corner, take + a turn, take + a turn for the better.
    * información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.
    * mejorar con respecto a = be an improvement on.
    * mejorar considerablemente = raise to + greater heights, take + Nombre + to greater heights.
    * mejorar el pasado = improve on + the past.
    * mejorar la autoestima = improve + self-esteem.
    * mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar la eficacia = enhance + effectiveness.
    * mejorar la exhaustividad = improve + recall.
    * mejorar la pertinencia = improve + precision.
    * mejorar la precisión = improve + precision.
    * mejorar la productividad = improve + productivity.
    * mejorar las destrezas = sharpen + Posesivo + skills.
    * mejorar la situación = improve + the lot.
    * mejorar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.
    * mejorar la suerte = improve + the lot.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + apariencia = smarten (up) + Posesivo + appearance.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + autoestima = enhance + Posesivo + self-esteem.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + imagen = raise + Posesivo + profile, smarten up + Posesivo + image, enhance + Posesivo + image, buff up + Posesivo + image.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + imagen = enhance + Posesivo + identity.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + suerte = improve + Posesivo + lot.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.
    * mejorar una situación = ameliorate + situation.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * situación + mejorar = situation + ease.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <condiciones/situación> to improve
    b) < oferta> ( en subastas) to increase
    2.
    mejorar vi tiempo to improve, get better; resultados/calidad/situación to improve, get better; persona (Med) to get better

    han mejorado de posición — they've come o gone up in the world

    3.
    mejorarse v pron
    a) enfermo to get better

    ¿ya te mejoraste de la gripe? — have you got over the flu?

    que te mejores — get well soon, I hope you get better soon

    b) (Chi fam & euf) ( dar a luz) to give birth
    * * *
    = ameliorate, boost, cultivate, enhance, improve, optimise [optimize, -USA], scale up, score over, upgrade, give + improvement (in), better, bring + Nombre + up to par, get + better, gain + confidence (with/in), do + a better job, pump up, ease, outdo, jazz up, take + a turn, take + a turn, take + a turn for the better, turn + Nombre + (a)round, polish up, best, trump, buff up, go + one better, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, look up.

    Ex: These articles are compared with 34 articles on how similar blood changes might ameliorate Raynaud's disease.

    Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.
    Ex: Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.
    Ex: An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.
    Ex: Notice that it would be possible to improve recall indefinitely by scanning the entire document collection.
    Ex: The DOBIS/Leuven data bases is designed to optimize search and updating procedures, because these functions are critical to the operation of a library.
    Ex: After a brief discussion of basic hypertext operations, it considers some of the issues that arise in 'scaling up' hyptertext data base.
    Ex: A Permuterm index scores over a Double-KWIC index in that it avoids repetitive printing of one title.
    Ex: Sometimes it will be necessary to upgrade CIP records once the book is published, and this process is undertaken by BLBSD as appropriate.
    Ex: There was, it appeared, little point in spending more than four minutes indexing a particular document, for the additional time gave no improvement in results.
    Ex: She thumbed the pages slowly, explaining that the study had been conducted to try to ascertain student attitudes toward the media center, why they used it, which facilities they used, and to see if they had suggestions for bettering it.
    Ex: The article ' Bringing your golf collection up to par' gives guidelines on selecting library materials on golf.
    Ex: Systems will get better and cheaper with the passage of time.
    Ex: This assignment was designed to help students gain confidence in using print and computerized sources.
    Ex: At the same time librarians need to do a better job communicating information about available research and instructional support.
    Ex: The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.
    Ex: To ease the cataloguer's job and save him the trouble of counting characters, DOBIS/LIBIS uses a special function.
    Ex: This novel is narrated by William, an underachiever who is constantly outdone by his charming and lovable identical twin brother.
    Ex: After jazzing up her appearance with a new blonde hairdo, she turns up in his office and talks him into taking her out for a meal.
    Ex: All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.
    Ex: All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.
    Ex: His private life, however, took a turn for the better.
    Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex: If we polish up and internalize these pearls of wisdom, especially those which challenge our existing boundaries and beliefs, the payoff can be priceless.
    Ex: Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    Ex: If prejudice is allowed to trump the rights that all citizens should enjoy, then everyone's freedoms are ultimately endangered.
    Ex: As a general rule, you can ' buff up' your look by making your shoulders seem wider and your waist narrower.
    Ex: I think Murray will go one better than Wimbledon, but will lose to Federer again in the final.
    Ex: Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.
    Ex: Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.
    Ex: There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.
    Ex: We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.
    Ex: David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.
    Ex: Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.
    Ex: After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.
    Ex: Things may be looking up for Blair, but it is still not certain that he will fight the election.
    * cosas + mejorar = things + get better.
    * empezar a mejorar = turn + a corner, take + a turn, take + a turn for the better.
    * información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.
    * mejorar con respecto a = be an improvement on.
    * mejorar considerablemente = raise to + greater heights, take + Nombre + to greater heights.
    * mejorar el pasado = improve on + the past.
    * mejorar la autoestima = improve + self-esteem.
    * mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar la eficacia = enhance + effectiveness.
    * mejorar la exhaustividad = improve + recall.
    * mejorar la pertinencia = improve + precision.
    * mejorar la precisión = improve + precision.
    * mejorar la productividad = improve + productivity.
    * mejorar las destrezas = sharpen + Posesivo + skills.
    * mejorar la situación = improve + the lot.
    * mejorar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.
    * mejorar la suerte = improve + the lot.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + apariencia = smarten (up) + Posesivo + appearance.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + autoestima = enhance + Posesivo + self-esteem.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + imagen = raise + Posesivo + profile, smarten up + Posesivo + image, enhance + Posesivo + image, buff up + Posesivo + image.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + imagen = enhance + Posesivo + identity.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + suerte = improve + Posesivo + lot.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.
    * mejorar una situación = ameliorate + situation.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * situación + mejorar = situation + ease.

    * * *
    mejorar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹condiciones/situación› to improve
    este tratamiento te mejorará enseguida this treatment will make you better right away
    tienes que mejorar las notas/la letra you must improve your grades/your handwriting
    intentó mejorar su marca she tried to improve on o beat her own record
    2 ‹oferta› (en subastas) to increase
    los empresarios mejoraron la propuesta the management improved their offer o made a better offer
    ■ mejorar
    vi
    «tiempo» to improve, get better; «resultados/calidad» to improve, get better; «persona» ( Med) to get better
    mi situación económica no ha mejorado nada my financial situation hasn't improved at all o got any better
    ha mejorado de aspecto he looks a lot better
    tus notas no han mejorado mucho your grades haven't improved much o got(ten) any better
    han mejorado de posición they've come o gone up in the world
    el paciente sigue mejorando the patient is making a steady improvement
    1 «enfermo» to get better
    ¿ya te mejoraste de la gripe? have you got over the flu?
    que te mejores get well soon, I hope you get better soon
    2 ( Chi fam euf) (dar a luz) to give birth
    * * *

     

    mejorar ( conjugate mejorar) verbo transitivo ‹condiciones/situación/oferta› to improve;
    ‹ marca› to improve on, beat;

    verbo intransitivo [tiempo/calidad/situación] to improve, get better;

    [ persona] (Med) to get better;

    mejorarse verbo pronominal [ enfermo] to get better;
    que te mejores get well soon, I hope you get better soon
    mejorar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to improve: han mejorado la educación, education has been improved
    2 Dep (un tiempo, una marca) to break
    II verbo intransitivo to improve, get better: espero que el tiempo mejore, I hope the weather gets better
    su salud no mejora, his health is not improving

    ' mejorar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    enriquecer
    - ganar
    - perfeccionar
    - potenciar
    - refacción
    - superar
    English:
    ameliorate
    - better
    - existence
    - get along
    - improve
    - improve on
    - improvement
    - look up
    - pick up
    - progress
    - raise
    - security
    - technique
    - turn
    - upgrade
    - brighten
    - enhance
    - go
    - look
    - matter
    - out
    - perk
    - pick
    - rise
    - room
    - smarten up
    - up
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [hacer mejor] to improve;
    mejoraron las condiciones de trabajo working conditions were improved;
    su principal objetivo es mejorar la economía their main aim is to improve the economy's performance
    2. [enfermo] to make better;
    estas pastillas lo mejorarán these tablets will make him better
    3. [superar] to improve;
    mejorar una oferta to make a better offer;
    mejoró el recórd mundial she beat the world record
    ♦ vi
    1. [ponerse mejor] to improve, to get better;
    el paciente está mejorando the patient's condition is improving, the patient is getting better;
    necesita mejorar en matemáticas he needs to improve o do better in mathematics
    2. [tiempo, clima] to improve, to get better;
    tan pronto como mejore, salimos a dar un paseo as soon as the weather improves o gets better we'll go out for a walk;
    después de la lluvia el día mejoró after the rain it cleared up
    * * *
    I v/t improve
    II v/i improve
    * * *
    : to improve, to make better
    : to improve, to get better
    * * *
    mejorar vb to improve

    Spanish-English dictionary > mejorar

  • 9 superdistribuidor

    Ex. Supermarket hosts are those hosts who purchase or license data bases from producers and convert data on tapes to a uniform format with standardised bibliographic element names so that the basic commands and search techniques apply across all data bases offered by a specific vendor.
    * * *

    Ex: Supermarket hosts are those hosts who purchase or license data bases from producers and convert data on tapes to a uniform format with standardised bibliographic element names so that the basic commands and search techniques apply across all data bases offered by a specific vendor.

    Spanish-English dictionary > superdistribuidor

  • 10 fundamento

    m.
    1 foundation, basis.
    2 reason, grounds.
    sin fundamento unfounded, groundless
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: fundamentar.
    * * *
    1 (base) basis, grounds plural
    2 (seriedad) seriousness; (confianza) reliability
    1 (construcción) foundations
    \
    sin fundamento unfounded
    * * *
    noun m.
    basis, foundation
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Arquit) foundations pl
    2) (=base) foundation, basis; (=razón) grounds, reason

    creencia sin fundamento — groundless o unfounded belief

    3) (=formalidad) reliability, trustworthiness
    4) (Téc) weft, woof
    5) pl fundamentos (=principios) fundamentals, basic essentials
    * * *
    1)
    a) (base, sustentación) foundation
    b) fundamentos masculino plural ( nociones básicas) fundamentals (pl), basics (pl)
    2) fundamentos masculino plural (Const) foundations (pl)
    * * *
    = basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, foundation, fundamental, underpinning, warp and woof.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex. The underlying fundamentals of abstracting are closely related to indexing.
    Ex. The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex. Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    ----
    * con fundamentos = informed.
    * con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.
    * falto de fundamento = without foundation.
    * falto de fundamentos = unsupported.
    * fundamentos = background.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * no sin fundamento = not without basis.
    * no tener fundamento = be unfounded.
    * no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.
    * sin fundamento = unsupported, ungrounded, without foundation, without basis.
    * sin fundamento alguno = without any basis.
    * tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (base, sustentación) foundation
    b) fundamentos masculino plural ( nociones básicas) fundamentals (pl), basics (pl)
    2) fundamentos masculino plural (Const) foundations (pl)
    * * *
    = basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, foundation, fundamental, underpinning, warp and woof.

    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.

    Ex: We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex: In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex: The underlying fundamentals of abstracting are closely related to indexing.
    Ex: The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex: Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    * con fundamentos = informed.
    * con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.
    * falto de fundamento = without foundation.
    * falto de fundamentos = unsupported.
    * fundamentos = background.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * no sin fundamento = not without basis.
    * no tener fundamento = be unfounded.
    * no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.
    * sin fundamento = unsupported, ungrounded, without foundation, without basis.
    * sin fundamento alguno = without any basis.
    * tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.

    * * *
    A
    1 (base, sustentación) foundation
    esos rumores carecen de fundamento those rumors are totally without foundation ( frml), those rumors are unfounded o groundless
    2 fundamentos mpl (nociones básicas) fundamentals (pl), basics (pl)
    B
    (madurez, sensatez): haz las cosas con un poco de fundamento use your head o use a bit of common sense when you do things
    alguien con más fundamento someone who's more sensible and mature
    C fundamentos mpl ( Const) foundations (pl)
    D ( Ven fam) (del pantalón) seat; (nalgas) behind ( colloq), backside ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo fundamentar: ( conjugate fundamentar)

    fundamento es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    fundamentó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    fundamentar    
    fundamento
    fundamento sustantivo masculino
    a) (base, sustentación) foundation;


    b)

    ◊ fundamentos sustantivo masculino plural ( nociones básicas) fundamentals (pl), basics (pl)

    fundamentar verbo transitivo to base [en, on]
    fundamento sustantivo masculino basis, grounds
    sin fundamento, unfounded
    ' fundamento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    base
    - gratuita
    - gratuito
    - rigor
    - vana
    - vano
    English:
    cornerstone
    - foundation
    - groundless
    - rationale
    - substance
    * * *
    1. [base] foundation, basis
    2. [razón] reason, grounds;
    sin fundamento unfounded, groundless
    3. [seriedad] reliability, responsibility
    4.
    fundamentos [principios] basic principles
    5.
    fundamentos [cimientos] foundations
    * * *
    m
    1 foundation;
    carecer de fundamento lack foundation, be groundless
    2
    :
    fundamentos pl ( nociones) fundamentals
    * * *
    : basis, foundation, groundwork
    * * *
    fundamento n foundation

    Spanish-English dictionary > fundamento

  • 11 limitar

    v.
    1 to limit, to restrict.
    han limitado la velocidad máxima a cuarenta por hora they've restricted the speed limit to forty kilometers an hour
    este sueldo tan bajo me limita mucho I can't do very much on such a low salary
    Ricardo limitó las reglas Richard limited the rules.
    El médico limitó al paciente The doctor limited the patient.
    2 to mark out (terreno).
    3 to set out, to define (atribuciones, derechos).
    4 to border.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to limit
    1 to border with
    \
    limitarse a + inf to restrict oneself to + gerund, do no more than + inf
    * * *
    verb
    to restrict, limit
    * * *
    1.
    VT (=restringir) to limit, restrict

    nos han limitado el número de visitas — they have limited o restricted the number of visits we can have

    2.
    VI
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <funciones/derechos> to limit, restrict
    2. 3.
    limitarse v pron

    limitarse a algo: el problema no se limita únicamente a las ciudades the problem is not just confined o limited to cities; me limité a repetir lo que tú habías dicho I just repeated what you'd said; limítate a hacerlo — just do it

    * * *
    = bound, confine, constrain, limit, reduce, restrict, tie down, restrain, circumscribe, disable, box in, narrow down, border, fetter, hem + Nombre + in.
    Ex. Word is a character string bounded by spaces or other chosen characters.
    Ex. Until the mid nineteenth century the concept of authorship was confined to personal authors.
    Ex. Model II sees the process in terms of the system forcing or constraining the user to deviate from the 'real' problem.
    Ex. This limits the need for libraries to reclassify, but also restricts the revision of the Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme.
    Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.
    Ex. This is an example of a classification which is restricted to a specific physical form, as it is used to classify maps and atlases.
    Ex. There are many able people still tied down with the routine 'running' of their libraries.
    Ex. Use of the legal data bases is partly restrained by cost considerations, partly by the fact that their coverage is not exhaustive and partly by the reserved attitude of the legal profession and the judiciary.
    Ex. Traditional theories of management circumscribe the extent of employee participation in decision making.
    Ex. There are socializing factors which further disable those children who lack such basic support.
    Ex. What is important is that agencies face few barriers to disseminating information on the Web quickly rather than being boxed in by standardization requirements = Lo que es importante es que las agencias se encuentran pocas trabas para diseminar información en la web de una forma rápida más que verse restringidas por cuestiones de normalización.
    Ex. By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    Ex. The Pacific Rim encompasses an enormous geographical area composed of all of the nations bordering the Pacific Ocean, east and west, from the Bering Straits to Antarctica.
    Ex. Faculty tenure is designed to allow the scholar to proceed with his investigation without being fettered with concerns arising from loss of job and salary.
    Ex. The world of work is no longer constrained by the four physical dimensions of space and time that have hemmed us in for most of recorded history.
    ----
    * limitar búsqueda = limit + search.
    * limitar con = border on.
    * limitar el debate a = keep + discussion + grounded on.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <funciones/derechos> to limit, restrict
    2. 3.
    limitarse v pron

    limitarse a algo: el problema no se limita únicamente a las ciudades the problem is not just confined o limited to cities; me limité a repetir lo que tú habías dicho I just repeated what you'd said; limítate a hacerlo — just do it

    * * *
    = bound, confine, constrain, limit, reduce, restrict, tie down, restrain, circumscribe, disable, box in, narrow down, border, fetter, hem + Nombre + in.

    Ex: Word is a character string bounded by spaces or other chosen characters.

    Ex: Until the mid nineteenth century the concept of authorship was confined to personal authors.
    Ex: Model II sees the process in terms of the system forcing or constraining the user to deviate from the 'real' problem.
    Ex: This limits the need for libraries to reclassify, but also restricts the revision of the Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme.
    Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.
    Ex: This is an example of a classification which is restricted to a specific physical form, as it is used to classify maps and atlases.
    Ex: There are many able people still tied down with the routine 'running' of their libraries.
    Ex: Use of the legal data bases is partly restrained by cost considerations, partly by the fact that their coverage is not exhaustive and partly by the reserved attitude of the legal profession and the judiciary.
    Ex: Traditional theories of management circumscribe the extent of employee participation in decision making.
    Ex: There are socializing factors which further disable those children who lack such basic support.
    Ex: What is important is that agencies face few barriers to disseminating information on the Web quickly rather than being boxed in by standardization requirements = Lo que es importante es que las agencias se encuentran pocas trabas para diseminar información en la web de una forma rápida más que verse restringidas por cuestiones de normalización.
    Ex: By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    Ex: The Pacific Rim encompasses an enormous geographical area composed of all of the nations bordering the Pacific Ocean, east and west, from the Bering Straits to Antarctica.
    Ex: Faculty tenure is designed to allow the scholar to proceed with his investigation without being fettered with concerns arising from loss of job and salary.
    Ex: The world of work is no longer constrained by the four physical dimensions of space and time that have hemmed us in for most of recorded history.
    * limitar búsqueda = limit + search.
    * limitar con = border on.
    * limitar el debate a = keep + discussion + grounded on.

    * * *
    limitar [A1 ]
    vt
    ‹funciones/derechos/influencia› to limit, restrict
    las disposiciones que limitan la tenencia de armas de fuego the regulations which restrict o limit the possession of firearms
    es necesario limitar su campo de acción restrictions o limits must be placed on his freedom of action
    habrá que limitar el número de intervenciones it will be necessary to limit o restrict the number of speakers
    le han limitado las salidas a dos días por semana he's restricted to going out twice a week
    ■ limitar
    vi
    limitar CON algo to border ON sth
    España limita al oeste con Portugal Spain borders on o is bounded by Portugal to the west, Spain shares a border with Portugal in the west
    limitarse A algo:
    yo me limité a repetir lo que tú me habías dicho I just repeated o all I did was repeat what you'd said to me
    no hizo ningún comentario, se limitó a observar he didn't say anything, he merely o just stood watching
    limítate a hacer lo que te ordenan just confine yourself to o keep to what you've been told to do
    el problema no se limita únicamente a las grandes ciudades the problem is not just confined o limited to big cities
    tiene que limitarse a su sueldo she has to live within her means
    * * *

    limitar ( conjugate limitar) verbo transitivo ‹funciones/derechos› to limit, restrict
    verbo intransitivo limitar con algo [país/finca] to border on sth
    limitarse verbo pronominal:
    ◊ el problema no se limita a las ciudades the problem is not confined o limited to cities;

    me limité a repetir lo dicho I just repeated what was said
    limitar
    I verbo transitivo to limit, restrict: tengo que limitar mis gastos, I have to limit my spending
    II verbo intransitivo to border: limita al norte con Francia, at North it borders on France

    ' limitar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    constreñir
    - tapiar
    - lindar
    English:
    border on
    - confine
    - limit
    - narrow down
    - restrict
    - border
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [restringir] to limit, to restrict;
    quieren limitar el poder del presidente they want to limit o restrict the president's power;
    han limitado la velocidad máxima a cuarenta por hora they've restricted the speed limit to forty kilometres an hour;
    este sueldo tan bajo me limita mucho I can't do very much on such a low salary
    2. [terreno] to mark out;
    limitaron el terreno con una cerca they fenced off the land
    ♦ vi
    to border ( con on);
    limita al norte con Venezuela it borders on Venezuela to the north
    * * *
    I v/t limit; ( restringir) limit, restrict
    II v/i
    :
    limitar con border on
    * * *
    restringir: to limit, to restrict
    limitar con : to border on
    * * *
    1. (restringir) to limit
    2. (tener frontera) to border
    España limita con Francia Spain borders on France / Spain has a border with France

    Spanish-English dictionary > limitar

  • 12 moderado

    adj.
    1 moderate, abstinent, abstemious, even-tempered.
    Es un hombre muy medido He is a very frugal [measured] man.
    2 moderate, gentle.
    3 discrete.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: moderar.
    * * *
    1 moderate
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 moderate
    * * *
    (f. - moderada)
    noun adj.
    * * *
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo < temperatura> moderate; < precio> reasonable; <ideología/facción> moderate
    II
    - da masculino, femenino moderate
    * * *
    = gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], mild, moderate, middle-ground, restrained, low-key [low key], temperate, moderate, moderated, sparing, low-keyed, guarded, measured.
    Ex. Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.
    Ex. If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour (green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.
    Ex. In his efforts to broaden the tax base, Groome has been actively courting industry - with some moderate success.
    Ex. Beginning with a middle-ground strategy may offer the best balance between Recall and Precision.
    Ex. The stereotype of the governess as exemplified in Jane Eyre -- intelligent, restrained, soberly clad -- was the predecessor of the librarian as an occupation in which the women of the period, the 'guardians of morality' could find genteel employment.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. Being on the ocean means that Boston's climate is temperate in the summer.
    Ex. This paper examines the ways in which extremists and moderates in the two communities frame the televised representation of the Israeli-Arab conflict.
    Ex. this paper discusses some of the issues involved in using electronic mailing lists and listservs and describes 2 basic types of listservs: open lists; controlled lists and moderated lists.
    Ex. The committee was very sparing in its recommendations of proposals for debate.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. Britain has given a guarded response to Myanmar's announcement that a referendum will be held on a new constitution in May.
    Ex. This will move the debate about open access as a model for scholarly communication towards a more measured and nuanced discourse.
    ----
    * optimismo moderado = guarded optimism.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo < temperatura> moderate; < precio> reasonable; <ideología/facción> moderate
    II
    - da masculino, femenino moderate
    * * *
    = gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], mild, moderate, middle-ground, restrained, low-key [low key], temperate, moderate, moderated, sparing, low-keyed, guarded, measured.

    Ex: Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.

    Ex: If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour (green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.
    Ex: In his efforts to broaden the tax base, Groome has been actively courting industry - with some moderate success.
    Ex: Beginning with a middle-ground strategy may offer the best balance between Recall and Precision.
    Ex: The stereotype of the governess as exemplified in Jane Eyre -- intelligent, restrained, soberly clad -- was the predecessor of the librarian as an occupation in which the women of the period, the 'guardians of morality' could find genteel employment.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: Being on the ocean means that Boston's climate is temperate in the summer.
    Ex: This paper examines the ways in which extremists and moderates in the two communities frame the televised representation of the Israeli-Arab conflict.
    Ex: this paper discusses some of the issues involved in using electronic mailing lists and listservs and describes 2 basic types of listservs: open lists; controlled lists and moderated lists.
    Ex: The committee was very sparing in its recommendations of proposals for debate.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: Britain has given a guarded response to Myanmar's announcement that a referendum will be held on a new constitution in May.
    Ex: This will move the debate about open access as a model for scholarly communication towards a more measured and nuanced discourse.
    * optimismo moderado = guarded optimism.

    * * *
    moderado1 -da
    1 ‹temperatura› moderate; ‹precio› reasonable
    2 ‹ideología/facción› moderate
    3 ‹persona/comportamiento› restrained
    moderado2 -da
    masculine, feminine
    moderate
    * * *

    Del verbo moderar: ( conjugate moderar)

    moderado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    moderado    
    moderar
    moderado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    a) ‹persona/comportamiento› restrained


    ‹ precio› reasonable;
    ‹ideología/facción› moderate
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    moderate
    moderar ( conjugate moderar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹impulsos/aspiraciones› to curb, moderate;


    b) ‹gasto/consumo› to curb;

    ‹ velocidad› to reduce
    2 ‹debate/coloquio› to moderate, chair
    moderarse verbo pronominal:
    ◊ modérate, estás comiendo mucho restrain yourself o (colloq) go easy, you're eating too much;

    moderadose en los gastos to cut down on spending
    moderado,-a adjetivo
    1 (persona, ideas) moderate
    2 (precio) reasonable
    (temperatura, viento) mild
    moderar verbo transitivo
    1 to moderate: tienes que moderar esos hábitos, you have to kick your bad habits
    2 (velocidad) to reduce: al llegar a la curva, modere la velocidad, slow down at the curve
    3 (una discusión) to chair: tengo que moderar un debate en el Ateneo, I have to chair a debate at the Ateneo

    ' moderado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    moderada
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - comedido
    - fresco
    - parco
    English:
    measured
    - middle-of-the-road
    - moderate
    - restrained
    - wet
    - gentle
    - middle
    - modest
    - reasonable
    * * *
    moderado, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [persona] moderate;
    es una persona moderada he's not given to excesses
    2. [velocidad] moderate;
    [precio] reasonable;
    habrá lluvias moderadas en el norte there will be some rain in the north
    3. [en política] moderate
    ♦ nm,f
    moderate
    * * *
    I adj moderate
    II m, moderada f moderate
    * * *
    moderado, -da adj & n
    : moderate
    * * *
    moderado adj moderate

    Spanish-English dictionary > moderado

  • 13 programa

    m.
    1 program.
    programa espacial space program
    programa de fiestas program of events
    2 schedule, program.
    3 program.
    programa concurso quiz (show)
    programa de humor comedy show
    4 program (computing).
    programa informático computer program
    5 cycle.
    programa de lavado wash cycle
    6 pickup.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: programar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: programar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) programme (US program)
    2 INFORMÁTICA program
    4 (plan) plan
    \
    programa electoral election manifesto, US election program
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de curso, actividades, TV, Radio] programme, program (EEUU)

    programa de estudios — curriculum, syllabus

    programa electoral — electoral programme, electoral program (EEUU), election manifesto

    programa nuclear — nuclear programme, nuclear program (EEUU)

    2) (Cine)
    3) (Inform) program
    4) Cono Sur * (=amorío) love affair
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Rad, TV) program*

    programa doble — (Cin) double bill, double feature

    b) ( folleto) program*
    2) (programación, plan) program*

    eso no estaba en el programa! — (fam) that wasn't part of the plan! (colloq)

    3)
    a) ( político) program*
    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus; ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4) (Inf, Elec) program*
    5) (RPl fam) ( conquista) pickup (colloq)
    * * *
    = agenda, programme [program, -USA], programme area, software program, catalogue, programme schedule.
    Ex. The session on library and information services to people with disabilities addressed on agenda developed out of the feedback from various regional groups.
    Ex. Programs are available which generate alphabetical listings, including lead-in terms, reciprocal entries, hierarchical displays and other special sections of the thesaurus.
    Ex. Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.
    Ex. In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.
    Ex. This discussion of present trends is based on a survey of course offerings as found in library school catalogues.
    Ex. Programme schedules are subject to change without prior notification.
    ----
    * actualización de programa informático = maintenance release.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * colección de programas informáticos = software library.
    * conjunto de programas = workbench, workbench.
    * demostración de programa = software demo.
    * desactivar un programa de protección = unlock + protection program(me).
    * desarrollo de programas = software development.
    * descodificar una programa de encriptación = crack + encryption software.
    * ejecución del programa = computer run.
    * elaborar un programa = draw up + program(me).
    * homologar un programa = accredit + programme.
    * paquete de programas = package.
    * paquete de programas de ordenador = software package.
    * paquete integrado de programas = software suite.
    * paquetes de programas = programme packages.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * presentar un programa = present + programme.
    * programa académico = academic programme.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).
    * programa antivirus = antivirus software, antivirus programme.
    * programa añadido = plug-in program, plug-in.
    * programa autodidacta = tutorial, tutorial program(me).
    * programa básico = Core Programme.
    * programa bibliotecario = library program(me).
    * programa cliente = browser software, browser.
    * programa compilador = compiler.
    * programa creador de informes = report writer.
    * programa cultural = cultural programme.
    * programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.
    * programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.
    * programa de actuación = programme of action, action programme, action plan, operating programme.
    * programa de adultos = adult programme.
    * programa de alfabetización = literacy programme, literacy movement.
    * programa de alfabetización de adultos = adult literacy programme.
    * programa de análisis de ficheros de transacciones = log analysis software.
    * programa de búsqueda = search software, search software package.
    * programa de capacitación = training programme.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * programa de comunicaciones = communication software, communications software.
    * programa de conexión = logging programme.
    * programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.
    * programa de correo electrónico = electronic mail system.
    * programa de curso = course program(me).
    * programa de debate = talk show.
    * programa de descodificación = cracker.
    * programa de dinamización bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de doctorado = doctoral program(me), doctoral degree programme.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * programa de edición de texto = editor.
    * programa de ejercicio físico = exercise programme.
    * programa de entrevistas = talk show.
    * programa de escritores en estancia = writers in residence programme.
    * programa de estudio = programme of study.
    * programa de estudios = course brochure, educational program(me), school program(me), study program(me), syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], education programme.
    * programa de estudios común = common core syllabus.
    * programa de estudios homologado = accredited programme.
    * programa de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa de grabación en CD = burning software.
    * programa de humor = comedy programme.
    * programa de imitación = mimicry software.
    * programa de inserción social = Head Start program.
    * programa de intercambio = exchange programme.
    * programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.
    * programa de inversiones = investment program(me).
    * programa de investigación = research agenda.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * programa de la asignatura = learning program(me).
    * programa del congreso = conference programme.
    * programa del curso = course syllabus.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * programa de marketing = marketing programme.
    * programa de mayor audiencia = prime time show, prime time programme.
    * programa de medición de los recursos usados = metering software.
    * programa de montaje de aplicaciones = software packager.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * programa de noticias = news programme.
    * programa de ordenador = computer programme.
    * programa de orientación = orientation programme.
    * programa de orientación bibliográfica = bibliographic instruction program(me).
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa de protección = protection program(me), software protection program(me).
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * programa de televisión = television programme, television broadcast, television show, TV show.
    * programa de trabajo = work schedule.
    * programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency programme, residency.
    * programa de utilidades = utilities.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * programa didáctico = courseware.
    * programa educativo = educational program(me), education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).
    * programa electoral = ticket.
    * programa en CD-ROM = CD-ROM software.
    * programa ensamblador = assembler program.
    * programa filtro = filtering software.
    * programa fuente = source programme.
    * programa fundamental = Core Programme.
    * programa gratuito = user-supported software.
    * programa informático = computer programme, software system, computer application.
    * programa informático comercial = off-the-shelf software, turnkey system, turnkey software system, pre-written software, commercial application.
    * programa informático con mantenimiento incluido = supported software.
    * programa informático hecho por encargo = tailor-made software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programa intensivo = crash program(me).
    * programa maligno = malware, malicious software.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * programa MOO (multiusuarios y orientado a objetos) = MOO (Multi-user Object Oriented) software.
    * Programa Mundial de Alimentos, el = World Food Programme, the.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * Programa Nacional para las Publicaciones Seriadas (NSDP) = National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
    * programa nuclear = nuclear programme.
    * programa objeto = object program(me).
    * programa para descifrar contraseñas = password cracking programme.
    * programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.
    * programa para inventariar = inventory program.
    * programa personalizado = tailor-made software.
    * programa piloto = pilot program(me).
    * Programa Piloto sobre Discos Opticos = Optical Disc Pilot Program.
    * programa político = ticket.
    * programa presidencial = presidential programme.
    * programa principal = Core Programme.
    * programa puente = interface.
    * programa que se añade = add-on pack.
    * programa respiro = respite care.
    * programas básicos = basic software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas de acceso = access software.
    * programas de alfabetización = literacy promotion.
    * programas de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation software.
    * programas de estudios = syllabi.
    * programas de recuperación = retrieval software.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * programas distribuidos por el autor = shareware.
    * programa servidor = server software program.
    * programas espía = spyware.
    * programas espía de anuncios = adware.
    * programas HyperCard = HyperCard software.
    * programas informáticos = software, computer software.
    * programas informáticos comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas intermedios = middleware.
    * programas malignos = badware.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * programas televisivos de entretenimiento = entertainment television.
    * promover un programa = launch + program(me).
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * un paquete integrado de programas = a suite of + programmes.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Rad, TV) program*

    programa doble — (Cin) double bill, double feature

    b) ( folleto) program*
    2) (programación, plan) program*

    eso no estaba en el programa! — (fam) that wasn't part of the plan! (colloq)

    3)
    a) ( político) program*
    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus; ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4) (Inf, Elec) program*
    5) (RPl fam) ( conquista) pickup (colloq)
    * * *
    = agenda, programme [program, -USA], programme area, software program, catalogue, programme schedule.

    Ex: The session on library and information services to people with disabilities addressed on agenda developed out of the feedback from various regional groups.

    Ex: Programs are available which generate alphabetical listings, including lead-in terms, reciprocal entries, hierarchical displays and other special sections of the thesaurus.
    Ex: Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.
    Ex: In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.
    Ex: This discussion of present trends is based on a survey of course offerings as found in library school catalogues.
    Ex: Programme schedules are subject to change without prior notification.
    * actualización de programa informático = maintenance release.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * colección de programas informáticos = software library.
    * conjunto de programas = workbench, workbench.
    * demostración de programa = software demo.
    * desactivar un programa de protección = unlock + protection program(me).
    * desarrollo de programas = software development.
    * descodificar una programa de encriptación = crack + encryption software.
    * ejecución del programa = computer run.
    * elaborar un programa = draw up + program(me).
    * homologar un programa = accredit + programme.
    * paquete de programas = package.
    * paquete de programas de ordenador = software package.
    * paquete integrado de programas = software suite.
    * paquetes de programas = programme packages.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * presentar un programa = present + programme.
    * programa académico = academic programme.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).
    * programa antivirus = antivirus software, antivirus programme.
    * programa añadido = plug-in program, plug-in.
    * programa autodidacta = tutorial, tutorial program(me).
    * programa básico = Core Programme.
    * programa bibliotecario = library program(me).
    * programa cliente = browser software, browser.
    * programa compilador = compiler.
    * programa creador de informes = report writer.
    * programa cultural = cultural programme.
    * programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.
    * programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.
    * programa de actuación = programme of action, action programme, action plan, operating programme.
    * programa de adultos = adult programme.
    * programa de alfabetización = literacy programme, literacy movement.
    * programa de alfabetización de adultos = adult literacy programme.
    * programa de análisis de ficheros de transacciones = log analysis software.
    * programa de búsqueda = search software, search software package.
    * programa de capacitación = training programme.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * programa de comunicaciones = communication software, communications software.
    * programa de conexión = logging programme.
    * programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.
    * programa de correo electrónico = electronic mail system.
    * programa de curso = course program(me).
    * programa de debate = talk show.
    * programa de descodificación = cracker.
    * programa de dinamización bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de doctorado = doctoral program(me), doctoral degree programme.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * programa de edición de texto = editor.
    * programa de ejercicio físico = exercise programme.
    * programa de entrevistas = talk show.
    * programa de escritores en estancia = writers in residence programme.
    * programa de estudio = programme of study.
    * programa de estudios = course brochure, educational program(me), school program(me), study program(me), syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], education programme.
    * programa de estudios común = common core syllabus.
    * programa de estudios homologado = accredited programme.
    * programa de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa de grabación en CD = burning software.
    * programa de humor = comedy programme.
    * programa de imitación = mimicry software.
    * programa de inserción social = Head Start program.
    * programa de intercambio = exchange programme.
    * programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.
    * programa de inversiones = investment program(me).
    * programa de investigación = research agenda.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * programa de la asignatura = learning program(me).
    * programa del congreso = conference programme.
    * programa del curso = course syllabus.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * programa de marketing = marketing programme.
    * programa de mayor audiencia = prime time show, prime time programme.
    * programa de medición de los recursos usados = metering software.
    * programa de montaje de aplicaciones = software packager.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * programa de noticias = news programme.
    * programa de ordenador = computer programme.
    * programa de orientación = orientation programme.
    * programa de orientación bibliográfica = bibliographic instruction program(me).
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa de protección = protection program(me), software protection program(me).
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * programa de televisión = television programme, television broadcast, television show, TV show.
    * programa de trabajo = work schedule.
    * programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency programme, residency.
    * programa de utilidades = utilities.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * programa didáctico = courseware.
    * programa educativo = educational program(me), education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).
    * programa electoral = ticket.
    * programa en CD-ROM = CD-ROM software.
    * programa ensamblador = assembler program.
    * programa filtro = filtering software.
    * programa fuente = source programme.
    * programa fundamental = Core Programme.
    * programa gratuito = user-supported software.
    * programa informático = computer programme, software system, computer application.
    * programa informático comercial = off-the-shelf software, turnkey system, turnkey software system, pre-written software, commercial application.
    * programa informático con mantenimiento incluido = supported software.
    * programa informático hecho por encargo = tailor-made software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programa intensivo = crash program(me).
    * programa maligno = malware, malicious software.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * programa MOO (multiusuarios y orientado a objetos) = MOO (Multi-user Object Oriented) software.
    * Programa Mundial de Alimentos, el = World Food Programme, the.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * Programa Nacional para las Publicaciones Seriadas (NSDP) = National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
    * programa nuclear = nuclear programme.
    * programa objeto = object program(me).
    * programa para descifrar contraseñas = password cracking programme.
    * programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.
    * programa para inventariar = inventory program.
    * programa personalizado = tailor-made software.
    * programa piloto = pilot program(me).
    * Programa Piloto sobre Discos Opticos = Optical Disc Pilot Program.
    * programa político = ticket.
    * programa presidencial = presidential programme.
    * programa principal = Core Programme.
    * programa puente = interface.
    * programa que se añade = add-on pack.
    * programa respiro = respite care.
    * programas básicos = basic software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas de acceso = access software.
    * programas de alfabetización = literacy promotion.
    * programas de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation software.
    * programas de estudios = syllabi.
    * programas de recuperación = retrieval software.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * programas distribuidos por el autor = shareware.
    * programa servidor = server software program.
    * programas espía = spyware.
    * programas espía de anuncios = adware.
    * programas HyperCard = HyperCard software.
    * programas informáticos = software, computer software.
    * programas informáticos comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas intermedios = middleware.
    * programas malignos = badware.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * programas televisivos de entretenimiento = entertainment television.
    * promover un programa = launch + program(me).
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * un paquete integrado de programas = a suite of + programmes.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Rad, TV) program*
    programa doble ( Cin) double bill, double feature
    Compuestos:
    quiz show
    talk show, chat show ( BrE)
    B (programación, plan) program*
    tuvo un programa de visitas muy apretado he had a very tight program o schedule
    el que viniera con su madre no estaba en el programa ( hum); I hadn't bargained on her mother coming along with her, it wasn't part of the plan for her to bring her mother
    me toca quedarme con los niños ¡mira qué programa! ( iró); I have to stay at home and mind the kids … what a wonderful prospect! ( iro)
    no tengo programa para mañana I don't have anything planned o ( colloq) I've nothing on tomorrow
    C
    1 (de medidas) program*
    su programa electoral their election manifesto
    2 ( Educ) (de una materia) syllabus; (de un curso) curriculum, syllabus
    D
    1 ( Inf) program*
    2 ( Elec) program*
    Compuestos:
    ( Inf) spyware
    source program
    E ( RPl fam) (conquista) pickup ( colloq), bit of stuff ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo programar: ( conjugate programar)

    programa es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    programa    
    programar
    programa sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Rad, TV) program( conjugate program);


    programa de entrevistas chat show
    b) ( folleto) program( conjugate program)

    2 (programación, plan) program( conjugate program)
    3
    a) ( político) program( conjugate program);


    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus;

    ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4 (Inf, Elec) program( conjugate program)
    programar ( conjugate programar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (Rad, TV) to schedule

    b) ‹actividades/eventos› to plan, draw up a program( conjugate program) for;

    ‹horario/fecha› to schedule, program( conjugate program);
    ‹ viaje› to organize
    c) (Transp) ‹llegadas/salidas› to schedule, timetable (BrE)

    2 (Inf) to program
    programa sustantivo masculino
    1 (de radio, televisión) programme
    programa concurso, quiz show
    2 (plan, proyecto) programme, schedule
    programa electoral, election manifesto
    3 (de estudios) curriculum
    4 Inform program
    Recuerda que en Estados Unidos se escribe program, mientras que los británicos prefieren la grafía programme, a menos que se trate de un programa informático.
    programar verbo transitivo
    1 (actividades, eventos) to programme, draw up a programme for: han programado un ciclo de cine portugués, they've programmed a series of Portuguese films
    2 (un aparato) to set, programme: no sé programar el vídeo, I don't know how to program the VCR
    3 (radio, televisión) to schedule
    (medios de transporte, entradas/salidas) to schedule, timetable
    4 Inform to program
    ' programa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    estival
    - informática
    - informático
    - interactivo
    - intermedia
    - intermedio
    - ofensa
    - presentar
    - presentación
    - ribete
    - sintonía
    - suspender
    - agenda
    - ágil
    - amplio
    - animador
    - animar
    - apretado
    - audiencia
    - azafata
    - calendario
    - conducción
    - conducir
    - conductor
    - consagrar
    - cortar
    - delinear
    - didáctico
    - documental
    - echar
    - educativo
    - emisión
    - emitir
    - enlatado
    - espacio
    - fascinar
    - infantil
    - informativo
    - instalar
    - mirar
    - nacional
    - noticia
    - piloto
    - plan
    - poner
    - popular
    - recargar
    - repetición
    - repetir
    - transmisión
    English:
    air
    - austerity
    - bootleg
    - chat show
    - close
    - computer program
    - fluff
    - hand-out
    - informative
    - intercultural
    - introduce
    - introduction
    - live
    - manifesto
    - master
    - news programme
    - overrun
    - phone-in
    - pilot programme
    - platform
    - prerecord
    - present
    - program
    - programme
    - rehearsal
    - run
    - run over
    - schedule
    - screen
    - shorten
    - show
    - special
    - support
    - switch off
    - syllabus
    - talk-show
    - television programme
    - bill
    - blue
    - broadcast
    - chat
    - credit
    - curriculum
    - flag
    - further
    - game
    - look
    - magazine
    - Medicaid
    - Medicare
    * * *
    1. [de radio, televisión] programme
    programa concurso game show;
    2. [de lavadora, lavavajillas] cycle
    programa de lavado wash cycle
    3. [proyecto] programme
    programa de creación de empleo job creation scheme;
    programa espacial space programme;
    programa de intercambio exchange (programme)
    4. [folleto] programme
    programa de mano programme
    5. [de actividades] schedule, programme;
    ¿cuál es el programa para esta tarde? [¿qué hacemos?] what's the plan for this afternoon?;
    Hum
    la tormenta no estaba en el programa the storm wasn't part of the programme, the storm wasn't supposed to happen
    programa de fiestas programme of events [during annual town festival]
    6. [de curso, asignatura] syllabus
    7. Informát program
    programa de maquetación page layout program
    8. programa libre [en patinaje artístico] free skating
    9. RP Fam [ligue] pick-up;
    empezaron a llegar, cada uno con su programa they began to arrive, each with his or her pick-up
    * * *
    m
    1 TV, RAD program, Br
    programme;
    programa de mano de concierto program, Br programme
    2 INFOR program
    3 EDU syllabus, curriculum
    * * *
    1) : program
    2) : plan
    3)
    programa de estudios : curriculum
    * * *
    1. (de televisión, radio) programme
    ¿cuál es tu programa preferido? what's your favourite programme?
    2. (de ordenador) program
    3. (de asignatura) syllabus

    Spanish-English dictionary > programa

  • 14 seguir

    v.
    1 to follow.
    tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind
    seguir algo de cerca to follow o monitor something closely (desarrollo, resultados)
    Ellos siguen la caravana They follow the convoy.
    Eso es lo que sigue That is what follows.
    2 to follow.
    me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed
    3 to continue, to resume.
    Me sigue el dolor My pain persists.
    4 to continue, to go on.
    ¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!
    aquí se baja él, yo sigo he's getting out here, I'm going on (al taxista)
    sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory
    debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it
    sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong
    sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital
    ¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?
    5 to keep on, to go along, to carry on, to continue.
    María se sigue haciendo daño Mary keeps on hurting herself.
    6 to continue to be, to continue being, to keep, to keep being.
    Las chicas siguen testarudas The girls continue to be stubborn.
    7 to obey, to keep.
    Las chicas siguen las reglas The girls obey the rules.
    8 to imitate, to follow.
    Los fanáticos siguen al cantante The fans imitate the singer.
    9 to come afterwards, to come next, to come after, to come along.
    Algo bueno sigue Something good comes afterwards.
    * * *
    (e changes to i in certain persons of certain tenses; gu changes to g before a and o)
    Present Indicative
    sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen.
    Past Indicative
    seguí, seguiste, siguió, seguimos, seguisteis, siguieron.
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    sigue (tú), siga (él/Vd.), sigamos (nos.), seguid (vos.), sigan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=perseguir) [+ persona, pista] to follow; [+ indicio] to follow up; [+ presa] to chase, pursue

    ella llegó primero, seguida del embajador — she arrived first, followed by the ambassador

    2) (=estar atento a) [+ programa de TV] to watch, follow; [+ programa de radio] to listen to, follow; [+ proceso, progreso] to monitor, follow up; [+ satélite] to track
    3) (=hacer caso de) [+ consejo] to follow, take; [+ instrucciones, doctrina, líder] to follow
    4) [+ rumbo, dirección] to follow

    siga esta calle y al final gire a la derecha — carry on up o follow this street and turn right at the end

    • seguir su curso, el proyecto sigue su curso — the project is still on course, the project continues on (its) course

    5) (=entender) [+ razonamiento] to follow

    ¿me sigues? — are you with me?

    6) (Educ) [+ curso] to take, do
    7) † [+ mujer] to court †
    2. VI
    1) (=continuar) to go on, carry on

    ¿quieres que sigamos? — shall we go on?

    ¡siga! — (=hable) go on!, carry on; LAm (=pase) come in

    ¡síguele! — Méx go on!

    "sigue" — [en carta] P.T.O.; [en libro] continued

    2)

    • seguir adelante — [persona] to go on, carry on; [acontecimiento] to go ahead

    adelante 1)
    3) [en estado, situación] to be still

    ¿cómo sigue? — how is he?

    que siga usted bien — keep well, look after yourself

    • seguimos sin teléfono — we still haven't got a phone

    4)

    • seguir haciendo algo — to go on doing sth, carry on doing sth

    siguió mirándola — he went on o carried on looking at her

    el ordenador seguía funcionando — the computer carried on working, the computer was still working

    5) (=venir a continuación) to follow, follow on

    entre otros ejemplos destacan los que siguen — amongst other examples, the following stand out

    • seguir a algo, las horas que siguieron a la tragedia — the hours following o that followed the tragedy

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

    2) <camino/ruta>

    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

    3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

    seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

    4)
    a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow
    b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow
    5)
    a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow
    b) (Educ) < curso> to take

    estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

    6)
    a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    ¿me siguen? — are you with me?

    no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

    2.
    seguir vi
    1)
    a) ( por un camino) to go on

    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

    seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

    b)
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

    siga por favor — come in, please

    2) (en lugar, estado)

    ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

    si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

    3)
    a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist
    b)

    seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

    4)
    a) (venir después, estar contiguo)
    b) historia/poema to continue

    ¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

    3.
    seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

    * * *
    = accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.
    Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.
    Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
    Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.
    Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex. An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.
    Ex. Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.
    Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex. All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.
    Ex. Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.
    Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex. It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.
    Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.
    Ex. There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.
    Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.
    Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.
    Ex. In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.
    Ex. The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.
    Ex. The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.
    Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.
    Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.
    ----
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * como siga así = at this rate.
    * como sigue = as follows.
    * debate + seguir = debate + rage.
    * difícil de seguir = heavy going.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.
    * seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.
    * seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.
    * seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.
    * seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.
    * seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * seguir como antes = go on + as before.
    * seguir como modelo = pattern.
    * seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.
    * seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir con el control = stay in + control.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguir considerando = consider + further.
    * seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.
    * seguir desarrollando = develop + further.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir el debate = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).
    * seguir en existencia = remain + in being.
    * seguir en la brecha = soldier on.
    * seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.
    * seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.
    * seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.
    * seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.
    * seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.
    * seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.
    * seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.
    * seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.
    * seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * seguir la marcha de = monitor.
    * seguir la moda = catch + the fever.
    * seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.
    * seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.
    * seguir la pista de = keep + track of.
    * seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.
    * seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguir levantado = stay up.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.
    * seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.
    * seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguirse = ensue.
    * seguir siendo = remain.
    * seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.
    * seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.
    * seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.
    * seguir una estrategia = take + tack.
    * seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.
    * seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.
    * seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.
    * seguir una táctica = take + tack.
    * seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * seguir un consejo = take + advice.
    * seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.
    * seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.
    * seguir un patrón = conform to + image.
    * seguir un principio = adopt + convention.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.
    * seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.
    * siguiendo = along.
    * siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.
    * si sigue así = at this rate.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

    2) <camino/ruta>

    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

    3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

    seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

    4)
    a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow
    b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow
    5)
    a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow
    b) (Educ) < curso> to take

    estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

    6)
    a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    ¿me siguen? — are you with me?

    no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

    2.
    seguir vi
    1)
    a) ( por un camino) to go on

    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

    seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

    b)
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

    siga por favor — come in, please

    2) (en lugar, estado)

    ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

    si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

    3)
    a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist
    b)

    seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

    4)
    a) (venir después, estar contiguo)
    b) historia/poema to continue

    ¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

    3.
    seguirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

    * * *
    = accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

    Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

    Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
    Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.
    Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.
    Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.
    Ex: An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.
    Ex: Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.
    Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.
    Ex: All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.
    Ex: Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.
    Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex: It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.
    Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.
    Ex: There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.
    Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.
    Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.
    Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.
    Ex: In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.
    Ex: The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.
    Ex: The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.
    Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.
    Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.
    * camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.
    * como siga así = at this rate.
    * como sigue = as follows.
    * debate + seguir = debate + rage.
    * difícil de seguir = heavy going.
    * el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.
    * hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.
    * indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.
    * no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.
    * seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.
    * seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.
    * seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.
    * seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.
    * seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.
    * seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.
    * seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.
    * seguir como antes = go on + as before.
    * seguir como modelo = pattern.
    * seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.
    * seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir con el control = stay in + control.
    * seguir con el mando = stay in + control.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguir considerando = consider + further.
    * seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.
    * seguir desarrollando = develop + further.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.
    * seguir el debate = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.
    * seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.
    * seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.
    * seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).
    * seguir en existencia = remain + in being.
    * seguir en la brecha = soldier on.
    * seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.
    * seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.
    * seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * seguir este camino = go along + this road.
    * seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.
    * seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.
    * seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.
    * seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.
    * seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.
    * seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.
    * seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.
    * seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.
    * seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.
    * seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.
    * seguir la marcha de = monitor.
    * seguir la moda = catch + the fever.
    * seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.
    * seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.
    * seguir la pista de = keep + track of.
    * seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.
    * seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguirle la corriente a = play along with.
    * seguir levantado = stay up.
    * seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.
    * seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.
    * seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.
    * seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.
    * seguirse = ensue.
    * seguir siendo = remain.
    * seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.
    * seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.
    * seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.
    * seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.
    * seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.
    * seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.
    * seguir una estrategia = take + tack.
    * seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.
    * seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.
    * seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.
    * seguir una táctica = take + tack.
    * seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.
    * seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.
    * seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.
    * seguir un consejo = take + advice.
    * seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.
    * seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.
    * seguir un patrón = conform to + image.
    * seguir un principio = adopt + convention.
    * seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.
    * seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.
    * seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.
    * siguiendo = along.
    * siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.
    * si sigue así = at this rate.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

    * * *
    seguir [ I30 ]
    vt
    A ‹persona/vehículo› to follow; ‹presa› to follow
    sígame, por favor follow me, please
    la hizo seguir por un detective he had her followed by a detective
    camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her
    siga (a) ese coche follow that car!
    creo que nos están siguiendo I think we're being followed
    la siguió con la mirada he followed her with his eyes
    le venían siguiendo los movimientos desde hacía meses they had been watching his movements for months
    seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses with the Japanese catching up o gaining on them all the time
    la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went
    el que la sigue la consigue or la mata ( fam); if at first you don't succeed, try, try again
    B ‹camino/ruta›
    siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o take o follow this road as far as the bridge
    continuamos el viaje siguiendo la costa we continued our journey following the coast
    me paré a saludarla y seguí mi camino I stopped to say hello to her and went on my way
    si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira if you take this route you go through Capileira
    seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río we tracked the animal to the river
    la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is taking o running its normal course
    el tour sigue la ruta de Bolívar the tour follows the route taken by Bolivar
    siguiéndole los pasos al hermano mayor, decidió estudiar medicina following in his elder brother's footsteps, he decided to study medicine
    C (en el tiempo) to follow seguir A algo/algn to follow sth/sb
    los disturbios que siguieron a la manifestación the disturbances that followed the demonstration
    el hermano que me sigue está en Asunción the brother who comes after me is in Asunción
    D
    1 ‹instrucciones/consejo› to follow
    tienes que seguir el dictamen de tu conciencia you must be guided by your conscience
    2 (basarse en) ‹autor/teoría/método› to follow
    en su clasificación sigue a Sheldon he follows Sheldon in his classification
    sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico her sculptures are in the classical style
    sigue a Kant she's a follower of Kant's philosophy
    sigue las líneas establecidas por nuestro fundador it follows the lines laid down by our founder
    E
    1 ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow
    va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial/una dieta hipocalórica you will have to undergo special treatment/follow a low-calorie diet
    se seguirá contra usted el procedimiento de suspensión del permiso de conducción steps will be taken leading to the withdrawal of your driver's license
    2 ( Educ) ‹curso› to take
    estoy siguiendo un cursillo de fotografía I'm doing o taking a short photography course
    ¿qué carrera piensas seguir? what are you thinking of studying o reading?
    F
    1 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow
    dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up
    me cuesta seguir una conversación en francés I find it hard to follow a conversation in French
    ¿me siguen? are you with me?
    2
    (permanecer atento a): no sigo ese programa I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program
    sigue atentamente el curso de los acontecimientos he's following the course of events very closely
    sigue paso a paso la vida de su ídolo she keeps track of every detail of her idol's life
    seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo we are keeping careful track of its development, we are following its development very closely
    ■ seguir
    vi
    A
    1 (por un camino) to go on
    siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle keep o go straight on to the end of the street
    sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo go on down this street as far as the traffic lights
    el tren sigue hasta Salto the train goes on to Salto
    desde allí hay que seguir a pie/en mula from there you have to go on on foot/by mule
    2
    seguir adelante: ¿entienden? bien, entonces sigamos adelante do you understand? good, then let's carry on
    llueve ¿regresamos? — no, sigamos adelante it's raining, shall we go back? — no, let's go on o carry on
    resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
    3
    ( Col) (entrar): siga por favor come in, please
    B
    (en un lugar, un estado): ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?
    espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well
    ¿sigues con la idea de mudarte? do you still intend to move?, are you still thinking of moving?
    sigo sin entender I still don't understand
    sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre she's still single/as pretty as ever
    si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way
    C
    1
    «tareas/investigaciones/rumores»: siguen las investigaciones en torno al crimen investigations are continuing into the crime
    sigue el buen tiempo en todo el país the good weather is continuing throughout the country, the whole country is still enjoying good weather
    si siguen estos rumores if these rumors persist
    2 seguir + GER:
    sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone
    sigue leyendo tú, Elsa you read now, Elsa
    si sigues molestando te voy a echar if you carry on being a nuisance, I'm going to send you out
    seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way ( frml)
    D
    1
    (venir después, estar contiguo): lee lo que sigue read what follows, read what comes next
    el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
    me bajo en la parada que sigue I get off at the next stop
    sigue una hora de música clásica there follows an hour of classical music
    2 «historia/poema» to continue
    ¿cómo sigue la canción? how does the song go on?
    [ S ] sigue en la página 8 continued on page 8
    la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue the final list is as follows
    ( en tercera persona) seguirse DE algo to follow FROM sth
    de esto se sigue que su muerte no fue accidental it follows from this that her death was not accidental
    * * *

     

    seguir ( conjugate seguir) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹persona/vehículo/presa› to follow;
    ◊ camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

    2 ‹camino/ruta› to follow, go along;
    ◊ siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o follow this road as far as the bridge;

    la saludé y seguí mi camino I said hello to her and went on (my way);
    la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is running its normal course
    3
    a) ‹instrucciones/consejo/flecha› to follow

    b) ‹autor/método/tradición/moda› to follow;


    4
    a) ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow;

    ‹ tratamiento› to undergo
    b) (Educ) ‹ curso› to do, take

    5 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow;
    ◊ dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

    verbo intransitivo
    1

    siga derecho or todo recto keep o go straight on;

    seguir de largo (AmL) to go straight past
    b)


    resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
    c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar):

    ◊ siga por favor come in, please

    2 (en lugar, estado):
    ◊ ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?;

    espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well;
    sigue soltera she's still single;
    si las cosas siguen así … if things carry on like this …
    3 [tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia] to continue;
    [ rumores] to persist;

    seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way
    4


    el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
    b) [historia/poema] to continue, go on

    seguir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to follow: ésta es la hermana que me sigue, she's the sister who comes after me
    me sigue a todas partes, he follows me wherever I go
    me seguía con la mirada, his eyes followed me
    2 (comprender) to understand, follow: no soy capaz de seguir el argumento, I can't follow the plot
    3 (una ruta, un camino, consejo) to follow
    4 (el ritmo, la moda) to keep: no sigues el ritmo, you aren't keeping time
    5 (el rastro, las huellas) to track
    6 (una actividad) sigue un curso de informática, she's doing a computer course
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (continuar) to keep (on), go on: seguiremos mañana, we'll continue tomorrow
    siguen casados, they are still married
    sigue tirando de la cuerda, keep (on) pulling at the rope ➣ Ver nota en continue y keep 2 (extenderse, llegar hasta) to stretch (out): los sembrados siguen hasta la ribera, the fields stretch down to the river-bank
    ' seguir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atorarse
    - continuar
    - escala
    - golpe
    - impulsar
    - juego
    - profesar
    - rastrear
    - ritmo
    - sino
    - suceder
    - trece
    - adelante
    - bordear
    - camino
    - cauce
    - cerca
    - línea
    - llevar
    - moda
    - paso
    - perro
    - racha
    - separar
    - siga
    - sigo
    - trazar
    - ver
    English:
    act on
    - advice
    - along
    - carry on
    - closely
    - continue
    - despite
    - ensue
    - fight on
    - follow
    - follow up
    - forge
    - get on
    - go ahead
    - go on
    - go through with
    - hope
    - hotly
    - keep
    - keep on
    - lead
    - march on
    - monitor
    - move on
    - obey
    - pick up
    - play on
    - play upon
    - practice
    - practise
    - press ahead
    - proceed
    - pursue
    - push ahead
    - push on
    - rattle on
    - reasoning
    - run on
    - send on
    - shadow
    - soldier on
    - stalk
    - stand
    - stay out
    - struggle on
    - succeed
    - tail
    - take
    - track
    - trail
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [ir detrás de, tomar la ruta de] to follow;
    tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind;
    síganme, por favor follow me, please;
    la generación que nos sigue o [m5] que sigue a la nuestra the next generation, the generation after us;
    sigue este sendero hasta llegar a un bosque follow this path until you come to a forest;
    seguir el rastro de alguien/algo to follow sb's/sth's tracks;
    siga la flecha [en letrero] follow the arrow
    2. [perseguir] to follow;
    me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed;
    parece que le siguen los problemas trouble seems to follow him around wherever he goes;
    el que la sigue la consigue where there's a will there's a way
    3. [estar atento a, imitar, obedecer] to follow;
    seguían con la vista la trayectoria de la bola they followed the ball with their eyes;
    no seguimos ese programa we don't follow that programme;
    seguir algo de cerca [su desarrollo, sus resultados] to follow o monitor sth closely;
    siempre sigue los dictámenes de la moda she always follows the latest fashion;
    los que siguen a Keynes followers of Keynes;
    el cuadro sigue una línea clásica the painting is classical in style;
    seguir las órdenes/instrucciones de alguien to follow sb's orders/instructions;
    sigue mi consejo y habla con ella take my advice and talk to her;
    siguiendo sus indicaciones, hemos cancelado el pedido we have cancelled the order as instructed
    4. [reanudar, continuar] to continue, to resume;
    yo seguí mi trabajo/camino I continued with my work/on my way;
    él siguió su discurso he continued o resumed his speech
    5. [comprender] [explicación, profesor, conferenciante] to follow;
    me costaba seguirle I found her hard to follow;
    ¿me sigues? do you follow?, are you with me?
    6. [mantener, someterse a] to follow;
    hay que seguir un cierto orden you have to follow o do things in a certain order;
    seguiremos el procedimiento habitual we will follow the usual procedure;
    es difícil seguirle (el ritmo), va muy deprisa it's hard to keep up with him, he goes very quickly;
    los aspirantes elegidos seguirán un proceso de formación the chosen candidates will receive o undergo training
    7. [cursar]
    sigue un curso de italiano he's doing an Italian course;
    sigue la carrera de medicina she's studying medicine
    ♦ vi
    1. [proseguir, no detenerse] to continue, to go on;
    ¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!;
    aquí se baja él, yo sigo [al taxista] he's getting out here, I'm going on;
    siga con su trabajo carry on with your work;
    el sendero sigue hasta la cima the path continues o carries on to the top;
    "sigue la crisis en la bolsa de Tokio" Tokyo stock market crisis continues;
    debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it;
    ¿vas a seguir intentándolo? are you going to keep trying?;
    se seguían viendo de vez en cuando they still saw each other from time to time, they continued to see each other from time to time;
    seguir adelante (con algo) [con planes, proyectos] to go ahead (with sth)
    2. [mantenerse, permanecer]
    sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital;
    ¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?;
    todo sigue igual everything's still the same, nothing has changed;
    sigue el buen tiempo en el sur del país the good weather in the south of the country is continuing;
    sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory;
    ¿la sigues queriendo? do you still love her?;
    sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong;
    sigue habiendo dudas sobre… doubts remain about…;
    ¡buen trabajo, sigue así! good work, keep it up!;
    si seguimos jugando así, ganaremos la liga if we carry on o keep playing like that, we'll win the league;
    Fam
    a seguir bien [como despedida] take care, look after yourself;
    de seguir así las cosas, si las cosas siguen así if things go on like this, the way things are going
    3. [tomar un camino]
    el resto siguió por otro camino the rest went another way;
    seguiremos hacia el este we'll go east then;
    siga todo recto go straight on;
    siga hasta el siguiente semáforo carry on till you get to the next set of traffic lights
    4. [sucederse, ir después] to follow;
    lo que sigue es una cita del Corán the following is a quotation from the Koran;
    seguir a algo to follow sth;
    la lluvia siguió a los truenos the thunder was followed by rain;
    ¿cómo sigue el chiste? how does the joke go on o continue?;
    el proceso de selección se realizará como sigue:… the selection process will be carried out as follows:…;
    sigue en la página 20 [en periódico, libro] continued on page 20
    5. Col [para dar permiso] please do;
    con permiso, ¿puedo entrar? – siga excuse me, can I come in? – please do
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 consejo, camino, moda etc follow;
    seguir a alguien follow s.o.
    :
    seguir fiel a alguien remain faithful to s.o.
    II v/i continue, carry on;
    seguir con algo continue with sth, carry on with sth;
    seguir haciendo algo go on doing sth, continue to do sth;
    sigue cometiendo los mismos errores he keeps on making the same mistakes;
    sigue enfadado conmigo he’s still angry with me;
    ¡a seguir bien! take care!, take it easy!
    * * *
    seguir {75} vt
    1) : to follow
    el sol sigue la lluvia: sunshine follows the rain
    seguiré tu consejo: I'll follow your advice
    me siguieron con la mirada: they followed me with their eyes
    2) : to go along, to keep on
    seguimos toda la carretera panamericana: we continued along the PanAmerican Highway
    siguió hablando: he kept on talking
    seguir el curso: to stay on course
    3) : to take (a course, a treatment)
    seguir vi
    1) : to go on, to keep going
    sigue adelante: keep going, carry on
    2) : to remain, to continue to be
    ¿todavía sigues aquí?: you're still here?
    sigue con vida: she's still alive
    3) : to follow, to come after
    la frase que sigue: the following sentence
    * * *
    seguir vb
    1. (en general) to follow
    3. (recorrer) to go on
    ¡sigue! No te pares go on! Don't stop!
    4. (continuar) to be still

    Spanish-English dictionary > seguir

  • 15 único

    adj.
    1 only, one-time, one, single.
    2 unique, one-of-a-kind, single, unusual.
    3 single, azygos, that is not one of a pair.
    * * *
    1 (solo) only, sole
    ■ lo único es que... the thing is...
    * * *
    1. (f. - única)
    noun
    2. (f. - única)
    adj.
    1) only, single, sole
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=solo) only

    sistema de partido único — one-party o single-party system

    la única dificultad es que... — the only difficulty is that...

    es lo único que nos faltaba — iró that's all we needed

    2) (=singular) unique

    ¡eres único! solo a ti se te podía ocurrir algo así — you're amazing! only you could think of something like that

    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) ( solo) only

    lo único que quiero — the only thing I want, all I want

    2) ( extraordinario) extraordinary

    este hombre es único or es un caso único! — (fam) this guy is something else! (colloq)

    II
    - ca masculino, femenino

    el único/las únicas que tengo — the only one/ones I have

    * * *
    = all-through, distinctive, only, rare, single, sole, unique, unitary, one-time, single-source, flat, one-of-a-kind, unique unto itself, once in a lifetime.
    Ex. An all-through system of bibliographic control based on once-only generated short, reasonably accurate and quickly produced records is more appropriate than the present duplicated efforts.
    Ex. In addition to main or added entries under titles added entries are often also made in respect of distinctive series titles.
    Ex. Clearly, the only totally adequate indication of the content of a document is the text of the document in its entirety.
    Ex. In practice critical abstracts are rare, and certainly do not usually feature in published secondary services.
    Ex. Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex. Mainframe computers are rarely dedicated to the library's own sole application, unless the library concerned happens to be a national library, offering online access to its data bases to a wide audience.
    Ex. The basic requirement of a shelf arrangement system is that each document has a unique place in the sequence.
    Ex. The British unitary system of government impeded local efforts and a spirit of voluntarism.
    Ex. Appropriate system planning to eliminate 'holes,' segregation of public and administrative networks, programming security 'firewalls,' and assignment of one-time passwords all help in networked computing security.
    Ex. Discussion centred around the need for a single-source guide to collection management and electronic media.
    Ex. The company also offers a flat $50 trade-in allowance on major encyclopedias from other publishers.
    Ex. Join leading experts in cultural heritage informatics for a one-of-a-kind learning experience.
    Ex. Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.
    Ex. The article ' Once in a lifetime: a student at Conference' presents a student's view of the Library Association's Centenary Conference, 1977.
    ----
    * autor personal único = single personal authorship.
    * cuota única = flat one-time fee.
    * de una única palabra = single-word.
    * ejemplar único = singleton.
    * el único = the one and only.
    * el único e incomparable = the one and only.
    * el único e inimitable = the one and only.
    * el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.
    * experiencia única = experience of a lifetime.
    * hacer único = individualise [individualize, -USA].
    * hecho para una única ocasión = one shot.
    * la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.
    * mercado único = single market.
    * Mercado Unico Europeo = Single European Market.
    * moneda única = single currency.
    * oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.
    * pago único = one-time purchase, lump sum.
    * pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.
    * postura única = unified voice.
    * servicio de única ventanilla = one-stop service.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.
    * una única fuente para Algo = one-stop, one-stop shopping, one stop shop.
    * un centro único = one stop shop.
    * única fuente = single-source.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) ( solo) only

    lo único que quiero — the only thing I want, all I want

    2) ( extraordinario) extraordinary

    este hombre es único or es un caso único! — (fam) this guy is something else! (colloq)

    II
    - ca masculino, femenino

    el único/las únicas que tengo — the only one/ones I have

    * * *
    = all-through, distinctive, only, rare, single, sole, unique, unitary, one-time, single-source, flat, one-of-a-kind, unique unto itself, once in a lifetime.

    Ex: An all-through system of bibliographic control based on once-only generated short, reasonably accurate and quickly produced records is more appropriate than the present duplicated efforts.

    Ex: In addition to main or added entries under titles added entries are often also made in respect of distinctive series titles.
    Ex: Clearly, the only totally adequate indication of the content of a document is the text of the document in its entirety.
    Ex: In practice critical abstracts are rare, and certainly do not usually feature in published secondary services.
    Ex: Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex: Mainframe computers are rarely dedicated to the library's own sole application, unless the library concerned happens to be a national library, offering online access to its data bases to a wide audience.
    Ex: The basic requirement of a shelf arrangement system is that each document has a unique place in the sequence.
    Ex: The British unitary system of government impeded local efforts and a spirit of voluntarism.
    Ex: Appropriate system planning to eliminate 'holes,' segregation of public and administrative networks, programming security 'firewalls,' and assignment of one-time passwords all help in networked computing security.
    Ex: Discussion centred around the need for a single-source guide to collection management and electronic media.
    Ex: The company also offers a flat $50 trade-in allowance on major encyclopedias from other publishers.
    Ex: Join leading experts in cultural heritage informatics for a one-of-a-kind learning experience.
    Ex: Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.
    Ex: The article ' Once in a lifetime: a student at Conference' presents a student's view of the Library Association's Centenary Conference, 1977.
    * autor personal único = single personal authorship.
    * cuota única = flat one-time fee.
    * de una única palabra = single-word.
    * ejemplar único = singleton.
    * el único = the one and only.
    * el único e incomparable = the one and only.
    * el único e inimitable = the one and only.
    * el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.
    * experiencia única = experience of a lifetime.
    * hacer único = individualise [individualize, -USA].
    * hecho para una única ocasión = one shot.
    * la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.
    * mercado único = single market.
    * Mercado Unico Europeo = Single European Market.
    * moneda única = single currency.
    * oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.
    * pago único = one-time purchase, lump sum.
    * pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.
    * postura única = unified voice.
    * servicio de única ventanilla = one-stop service.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.
    * una única fuente para Algo = one-stop, one-stop shopping, one stop shop.
    * un centro único = one stop shop.
    * única fuente = single-source.

    * * *
    único1 -ca
    A (solo) only
    es la única solución it's the only solution
    el único sobreviviente the sole o only survivor
    lo único que quiero es … the only thing I want is …, all I want is …
    ¡es lo único que faltaba! that's all we needed!
    un sistema de partido único a single-party system, a one-party system
    su único hijo their only child
    soy hijo único I'm an only child
    es un ejemplar único it's unique, it's the only one of its kind
    un acontecimiento único a once-in-a-lifetime o a unique event
    B (extraordinario) extraordinary
    un actor único an extraordinary actor
    ¡este hombre es único or es un caso único! ( fam); this guy is something else! ( colloq)
    único2 -ca
    masculine, feminine
    only one
    es el único que tengo it's the only one I have
    el único que no está de acuerdo the only one o the only person who doesn't agree
    las únicas que quedaban the only ones (that were) left
    * * *

     

    único
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1
    a) ( solo) only;


    ¡es lo único que faltaba! that's all we needed!
    b) ‹mercado/moneda› single;


    talla única one size
    2 ( extraordinario) extraordinary
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino:
    ◊ el único/las únicas que tengo the only one/ones I have

    único,-a adjetivo
    1 (exclusivo) only: tengo un único problema, I only have one problem
    talla única, one size
    2 (fuera de lo común, extraordinario) unique: es una ocasión única, it is a unique opportunity

    ' único' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    hijo
    - ideal
    - importar
    - monetaria
    - monetario
    - salvarse
    - señera
    - señero
    - sentida
    - sentido
    - singular
    - singularidad
    - sola
    - solo
    - única
    - vicio
    - ganar
    - limpio
    - pretender
    - que
    English:
    all
    - fault
    - one
    - one-way
    - only
    - single
    - sole
    - thing
    - unique
    - vice
    - existence
    - indulgence
    - life
    - out
    * * *
    único, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [solo] only;
    [precio, función, moneda] single;
    es la única forma que conozco de hacerlo it's the only way I know of doing it;
    la única alternativa posible the only possible alternative;
    hijo único only child, only son;
    hija única only child, only daughter;
    su caso no es único his is not the only case;
    es lo único que quiero it's all I want;
    lo único es que… the only thing is (that)…, it's just that…;
    única y exclusivamente only, exclusively
    único propietario sole owner
    2. [excepcional] unique;
    una oportunidad única para conocer otros países a unique opportunity to get to know other countries;
    eres único you're one of a kind
    ♦ pron
    el único/la única the only one
    * * *
    adj
    1 only;
    hijo único only child;
    su único hijo her only son;
    lo único que … the only thing that …
    2 ( sin par) unique; fig ( excelente) outstanding, extraordinary;
    es único it’s unique
    * * *
    único, -ca adj
    1) : only, sole
    2) : unique, extraordinary
    único, -ca n
    : only one
    los únicos que vinieron: the only ones who showed up
    * * *
    único1 adj
    1. (solo) only
    2. (especial) unique
    único2 n only one

    Spanish-English dictionary > único

  • 16 función

    f.
    1 function, interrelation, relationship, interrelationship.
    2 show, performance.
    3 function, duty, job.
    4 function, feature.
    5 function, mathematical function.
    * * *
    1 (gen) function
    2 (cargo) duty
    3 (espectáculo) performance, show
    \
    en función de according to
    en funciones acting
    entrar en función (persona) to take up one's post
    estar en funciones to be in office
    función de noche evening performance
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) duty
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=actividad) [física, de máquina] function
    2) (=papel) function

    ¿cuál es la función del Estado? — what is the function of the State?

    es una escultura que también cumple o hace la función de puerta — it is a sculpture which also acts as o serves as a door

    • desempeñar la función de director/inspector/secretario — to have o hold the position of director/inspector/secretary

    • la función de hacer algo — the task of doing sth

    las fuerzas armadas tienen la función de proteger el país — the role o function of the armed forces is to protect the country

    3) pl funciones
    a) (=deberes) duties

    excederse o extralimitarse en sus funciones — to exceed one's duties

    b)

    • en funciones — [ministro, alcalde, presidente] acting antes de s

    • entrar en funciones — [funcionario] to take up one's duties o post; [ministro, alcalde, presidente] to take up office, assume office; [organismo] to come into being

    4)

    • en función de —

    a) (=según) according to

    el punto de ebullición del agua varía en función de la presión atmosférica — the boiling point of water varies according to atmospheric pressure

    el desarrollo cultural está en función de la estructura política de un país — cultural development depends on the political structure of a country

    b) (=basándose en) on the basis of

    los consumidores realizan sus compras en función de la calidad y el precio — consumers make their purchases on the basis of quality and price

    5) (=espectáculo) [de teatro, ópera] performance; [de títeres, variedades, musical] show

    función continuada — Cono Sur continuous performance

    función de noche — late performance, evening performance

    6)

    • la función pública — the civil service

    7) (Mat) function
    8) (Ling) function
    * * *
    1)
    a) (cometido, propósito) function

    la función del mediador — the role o function of the mediator

    cumple/tiene la función de... — it performs the function of...

    b) funciones masculino plural duties (pl)

    entrar en funciones — (AmL) empleado to take up one's post; presidente to assume office

    2) (Fisiol) function; (Mat) function; (Ling) function
    3) (de teatro, circo) performance; ( de cine) showing, performance
    •
    * * *
    = capability, feature, function, function, purpose, role, hat, functionality, function.
    Ex. DOBIS/LIBIS contains a so-called 'help' capability.
    Ex. Another way of doing this search is to use the lateral searching feature.
    Ex. The function of a catalog is to inform a library user whether or not the library contains a particular book specified by author and title.
    Ex. Select a function from the menu by pressing the key listed to the left.
    Ex. Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.
    Ex. The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.
    Ex. The city librarian has commonly been a general cultural consultant, often with more than one hat, with the curatorship of the museum and/or art gallery as additional offices.
    Ex. This article describes the functionality of CARL software for this purpose, loads a brief rundown of data bases, and gives the criteria for selecting data bases.
    Ex. The workshop consisted of an inaugural function, a series of lectures, a panel discussion and a valedictory function.
    ----
    * adaptarse a una función = step up to + role.
    * adoptar una función = step up to + role.
    * ambigüedad de funciones = role ambiguity.
    * asumir una función = take upon + Reflexivo + role.
    * claridad de funciones = role clarity.
    * conferir una función = confer + function.
    * conflicto de funciones = role conflict.
    * con una función destacada = high profile.
    * cumplir una función = fulfil + function.
    * definir una función = formulate + role.
    * descripción de las funciones = job description, job profile.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * desempeñar bien una función = perform + well.
    * desempeñar + Posesivo + funciones = do + Posesivo + business.
    * desempeñar una buena función = produce + the goods.
    * desempeñar una función = fulfil + purpose, perform + function, play + role, discharge + function, discharge + duty, perform + role, articulate + role, fit into + the picture, play + Posesivo + part.
    * distribución en función del género = gender distribution.
    * ejecutar una función = run + function.
    * en función de = according to, as a function of, depending on/upon.
    * en funciones = acting + Cargo.
    * estar en función de = be a function of.
    * evaluación del impacto en función del género = gender-impact assessment.
    * examinar la función de Algo = investigate + role.
    * función bibliotecaria = library function.
    * función cognitiva = cognitive function.
    * función de autoedición = authoring aid, authoring tool.
    * función de consulta = enquiry function.
    * función de corrección = editing function.
    * función de extracción y copiado = pull function.
    * función de la biblioteca = library's function.
    * función de la correlación de los cosenos = cosine correlation function.
    * función de servicio = service function.
    * función de solapamiento = overlap function.
    * función dominante = alpha role.
    * funciones de edición = editing facilities.
    * funciones del personal = staff duties.
    * funciones del puesto de trabajo = position + entail + duty.
    * funciones de modificación = editing facilities.
    * función esencial = vital role.
    * función por tecla = keyboard function.
    * función vital = vital role.
    * indicador de función = operator, role indicator.
    * inversión de funciones = reversal of roles, role reversal.
    * operador de función = role.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * rol establecido en función del sexo = gender role.
    * seleccionar una función = invoke + function.
    * tecla de función = function key.
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * tener la doble función = double as, double up as.
    * tener la función de = be in the business of.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (cometido, propósito) function

    la función del mediador — the role o function of the mediator

    cumple/tiene la función de... — it performs the function of...

    b) funciones masculino plural duties (pl)

    entrar en funciones — (AmL) empleado to take up one's post; presidente to assume office

    2) (Fisiol) function; (Mat) function; (Ling) function
    3) (de teatro, circo) performance; ( de cine) showing, performance
    •
    * * *
    = capability, feature, function, function, purpose, role, hat, functionality, function.

    Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS contains a so-called 'help' capability.

    Ex: Another way of doing this search is to use the lateral searching feature.
    Ex: The function of a catalog is to inform a library user whether or not the library contains a particular book specified by author and title.
    Ex: Select a function from the menu by pressing the key listed to the left.
    Ex: Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.
    Ex: The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.
    Ex: The city librarian has commonly been a general cultural consultant, often with more than one hat, with the curatorship of the museum and/or art gallery as additional offices.
    Ex: This article describes the functionality of CARL software for this purpose, loads a brief rundown of data bases, and gives the criteria for selecting data bases.
    Ex: The workshop consisted of an inaugural function, a series of lectures, a panel discussion and a valedictory function.
    * adaptarse a una función = step up to + role.
    * adoptar una función = step up to + role.
    * ambigüedad de funciones = role ambiguity.
    * asumir una función = take upon + Reflexivo + role.
    * claridad de funciones = role clarity.
    * conferir una función = confer + function.
    * conflicto de funciones = role conflict.
    * con una función destacada = high profile.
    * cumplir una función = fulfil + function.
    * definir una función = formulate + role.
    * descripción de las funciones = job description, job profile.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * desempeñar bien una función = perform + well.
    * desempeñar + Posesivo + funciones = do + Posesivo + business.
    * desempeñar una buena función = produce + the goods.
    * desempeñar una función = fulfil + purpose, perform + function, play + role, discharge + function, discharge + duty, perform + role, articulate + role, fit into + the picture, play + Posesivo + part.
    * distribución en función del género = gender distribution.
    * ejecutar una función = run + function.
    * en función de = according to, as a function of, depending on/upon.
    * en funciones = acting + Cargo.
    * estar en función de = be a function of.
    * evaluación del impacto en función del género = gender-impact assessment.
    * examinar la función de Algo = investigate + role.
    * función bibliotecaria = library function.
    * función cognitiva = cognitive function.
    * función de autoedición = authoring aid, authoring tool.
    * función de consulta = enquiry function.
    * función de corrección = editing function.
    * función de extracción y copiado = pull function.
    * función de la biblioteca = library's function.
    * función de la correlación de los cosenos = cosine correlation function.
    * función de servicio = service function.
    * función de solapamiento = overlap function.
    * función dominante = alpha role.
    * funciones de edición = editing facilities.
    * funciones del personal = staff duties.
    * funciones del puesto de trabajo = position + entail + duty.
    * funciones de modificación = editing facilities.
    * función esencial = vital role.
    * función por tecla = keyboard function.
    * función vital = vital role.
    * indicador de función = operator, role indicator.
    * inversión de funciones = reversal of roles, role reversal.
    * operador de función = role.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * rol establecido en función del sexo = gender role.
    * seleccionar una función = invoke + function.
    * tecla de función = function key.
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * tener la doble función = double as, double up as.
    * tener la función de = be in the business of.

    * * *
    A
    1 (cometido, propósito) function
    un mueble que cumple distintas funciones a piece of furniture which serves more than one purpose o function
    la función del árbitro en estas disputas the role o function of the mediator in these disputes
    2
    (tarea, deber): en el ejercicio de sus funciones in the performance of her duties, while carrying out her duties
    se excedió en sus funciones he exceeded his powers
    fue suspendido de sus funciones he was suspended from duty
    lo firmó el secretario en funciones the acting secretary signed it
    entrar en funciones ( AmL) «empleado» to take up one's post;
    «presidente» to assume office
    en función de according to
    el precio se determina en función de la oferta y la demanda the price is fixed according to supply and demand
    salario en función de la experiencia y formación aportadas salary according to experience and qualifications
    una casa diseñada en función de las personas que la van a ocupar a house designed with the future occupants in mind
    B ( Fisiol) function
    C
    1 ( Mat) function
    2 ( Ling) function
    Compuestos:
    part of speech
    periodic function
    D (de teatro) performance; (de circo) performance, show; (de cine) showing, performance
    Compuestos:
    benefit, charity performance
    ( AmL exc CS) continuous performance
    (CS) continuous performance
    late show
    late evening performance
    * * *

     

    función sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (cometido, propósito) function;

    ◊ tiene la función de … it performs the function of …;

    salario en función de la experiencia salary according to experience
    b)

    ◊ funciones sustantivo masculino plural

    duties (pl);
    en el ejercicio de sus funciones in the performance of her duties;
    el secretario en funciones the acting secretary;
    entrar en funciones (AmL) [ empleado] to take up one's post;

    [ presidente] to assume office
    2 (Fisiol, Mat, Ling) function
    3 (de teatro, circo) performance;
    ( de cine) showing, performance;

    función sustantivo femenino
    1 Cine Teat performance
    2 (finalidad, tarea) function
    3 (cargo, empleo) duties pl: le han nombrado presidente en funciones, he has been appointed acting president
    4 Mat function
    ♦ Locuciones: en función de, depending on
    ' función' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cometido
    - como
    - concierto
    - desempeñar
    - destinar
    - mañana
    - matinal
    - papel
    - relevar
    - rotar
    - sitio
    - asignación
    - asignar
    - auspiciar
    - ejecutivo
    - estar
    - gala
    - noche
    - tanda
    - títere
    English:
    benefit
    - deny
    - duty
    - excuse
    - frequent
    - function
    - function key
    - guffaw
    - mill about
    - mill around
    - pantomime
    - performance
    - show
    - assignment
    - book
    - dual
    - matinee
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [actividad, objetivo] function;
    [trabajo] duty;
    la función de estas columnas es sólo decorativa these columns have a purely decorative function;
    esta pieza desempeña una función clave this part has a crucial function o role;
    la función del coordinador es hacer que todo discurra sin contratiempos the coordinator's job o function is to make sure everything goes smoothly;
    desempeña las funciones de portavoz he acts as spokesperson;
    director en funciones acting director;
    entrar en funciones [en empresa, organización] to take up one's post;
    [ministro] to take up office Biol función clorofílica photosynthesis
    2. [en teatro, cine] show
    función benéfica charity performance, benefit;
    función continua continuous performance;
    RP función continuada continuous performance;
    función de noche evening performance;
    3. Ling function;
    en función de sujeto functioning as a subject
    4. Mat function
    función periódica periodic function
    ♦ en función de loc prep
    depending on;
    estar o [m5] ir en función de to depend on, to be dependent on;
    las ayudas se conceden en función de los ingresos familiares the amount of benefit given depends o is dependent on family income, the benefits are means-tested
    * * *
    f
    1 purpose, function
    2 en el trabajo duty
    3
    :
    en funciones acting;
    entrar en funciones take office
    4 TEA performance
    5
    :
    en función de according to
    * * *
    1) : function
    2) : duty
    3) : performance, show
    * * *
    1. (actividad) function
    2. (representación) performance / show

    Spanish-English dictionary > función

  • 17 Dyes

    The following list gives a general classification of colouring matters for dyeing textile fibres: - Acid Colours dye animal fibres only and have no affinity for cellulose. If union goods are dyed with acid dyes the cotton remains white and the wool is dyed. They dye wool and silk from baths containing Glauber's salt and some acid, hence their name. Acid colours consist principally of the Azo compounds and are fairly cheap, so are used for the dyeing of dress materials, suitings, etc. No preparation of the fabric is necessary prior to dyeing. Wool and silk fabrics ate simply steeped in a warm acidified solution. Azo Dyes - These are colouring matters used for cotton dyeing and are developed direct on to the fibre. Basic Dyes - Cotton has no direct affinity for basic dyes, which consist of colour bases in combination with other chemicals, as tannic acid, sumach, or other tanning substances. Tannic acid is taken up by cotton which will then absorb the basic colours. They are very bright but not very fast. They dye wool and silk direct from plain baths. Developing Colours - See Developing Colours. Direct Cotton Colours - Dye cotton, linen, wool or silk directly, will dye cotton direct but by the addition of various salts deeper shades are obtained. With the addition of a little acid will dye wool and silk. See direct Dyes. Mordant Colours - As a rule these are very fast to washing and mostly fast to; light, such as logwood, black, Turkey red, etc. The mordant forms insoluble compounds with the colours, which are then applied to the fibres so that the insoluble coloured compounds are formed within the fibres The cotton is prepared first with some metallic mordant, as chrome, iron or alumina. Substantive Dyes - Have the property of dyeing fibres direct. They are Direct Dyes, that is they have an affinity for fibres. Sulphur and vat dyes are substantive towards cotton. Sulphur Colours are used for vegetable fibres only. These colours are insoluble in water and require the addition of sodium sulphide which converts them into soluble substances which will dye cotton. Usually fast to washing and alkalis - not so fast to bleaching (see Sulphur Colours). Vat Colours - These are fast dyes for cotton. They are insoluble in water so are converted into a soluble compound by some chemical reducing agent, and then they have a direct affinity for cotton which is dyed when immersed in the solution. There are two main classes, those prepared from anthraquinone and those related to indigo. They will dye viscose and cuprammonium rayons (see Vat Dyes)

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Dyes

  • 18 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 19 industria

    f.
    1 industry.
    industria alimentaria food industry
    industria automovilística o del automóvil car industry
    industria cinematográfica o del cine film o movie industry
    industria del ocio leisure industry
    industria punta sunrise industry
    2 factory.
    3 diligence, industry, application, sedulousness.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: industriar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: industriar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) industry
    2 (fábrica) factory
    \
    industria terciaria tertiary industry
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Com) industry

    industria automovilística — car industry, auto industry (EEUU)

    industria del automóvil — car industry, automobile industry (EEUU)

    industria militar — weapons industry, defence industry

    2) (=fábrica) factory
    3) (=dedicación) industry, industriousness
    4) † (=maña) ingenuity, skill, expertise
    * * *
    femenino (Com, Econ) industry
    * * *
    = industry, industrial organisation.
    Ex. Library automation has become a multimillion dollar industry.
    Ex. This article discusses the changing information needs of users in industrial organisations.
    ----
    * científico de la industria = industrial scientist.
    * crisis de la industria del libro = book crisis.
    * estándar de la industria = industry standard.
    * industria aeroespacial, la = aerospace industry, the.
    * industria aeronáutica, la = airline industry, the, aviation industry, the.
    * industria agrícola = agro-industry.
    * industria agrícola, la = agricultural industry, the.
    * industria alcoholera, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * industria alimentaria = food industry.
    * industria alimenticia = food industry.
    * industria artesanal = cottage industry.
    * industria bancaria, la = banking industry, the.
    * industria cárnica, la = meat industry, the.
    * industria cinematográfica, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.
    * industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.
    * industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].
    * industria dedicada a la producción de carne de vaca, la = beef industry, the.
    * industria de la aeronáutica, la = aviation industry, the, airline industry, the.
    * industria de la aviación, la = aviation industry, the.
    * industria de la bebida, la = beverage industry, the.
    * industria del acero = steel industry.
    * industria de la cerveza, la = brewing industry, the.
    * industria de la comida rápida, la = fast-food industry, the.
    * industria de la confección = clothing industry.
    * industria de la confección, la = garment industry, the.
    * industria de la conserva, la = canned goods industry, the, tinned goods industry, the.
    * industria de la construcción, la = construction industry, the, building industry, the.
    * industria de la edición = book publishing industry.
    * industria de la edición de libros = book publishing industry.
    * industria de la edición impresa = print industry.
    * industria de la edición, la = publishing industry, the.
    * industria de la fabricación de muelles, la = spring industry, the.
    * industria de la hojalata, la = tinplate industry, the.
    * industria de la iluminación, la = lighting industry, the.
    * industria de la imprenta, la = printing industry, the.
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.
    * industria de la información, la = information industry, the.
    * industria de la informática = computer industry.
    * industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.
    * industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.
    * industria del alcohol, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * industria del aluminio, la = aluminium industry, the.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * industria de la moda, la = fashion industry, the.
    * industria de la prensa, la = newspaper industry, the.
    * industria de la propiedad = property industry.
    * industria de la propiedad intelectual = intellectual property industry.
    * industria de la radio y televisión, la = broadcasting industry, the.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * industria de las comunicaciones = communications industry.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * industria de las ferias de muestras = trade show industry.
    * industria de las finanzas, la = finance industry, the.
    * industria de las publicaciones periódicas, la = serial industry, the.
    * industria de las publicaciones seriadas, la = serials industry, the.
    * industria de las telecomunicaciones, la = telecommunications industry, the.
    * industria del automóvil, la = automotive industry, the, automobile industry, the, motor trade, the, motor industry, the.
    * industria del carbón = coal industry.
    * industria del CD-ROM = CD-ROM industry.
    * industria del cine, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.
    * industria del cuero = leather industry.
    * industria del espectáculo, la = show business.
    * industria del ganado lanar = sheep farming.
    * industria del gas = gas industry.
    * industria del libro = book industry.
    * industria del libro, la = bookmaking industry, the.
    * industria del motor, la = motor industry, the.
    * industria del ocio, la = entertainment industry, the.
    * industria de los alimentos = food industry.
    * industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.
    * industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.
    * industria del papel = paper industry.
    * industria del periódico, la = newspaper industry, the.
    * industria del petróleo = petroleum industry.
    * industria del sector turístico = tourism industry.
    * industria del software, la = software industry, the.
    * industria del tabaco, la = tobacco industry, the.
    * industria del turismo = tourism industry.
    * industria del vestir = clothing industry.
    * industria de servicios = service industry.
    * industria de servicios financieros, la = financial services industry, the.
    * industria discográfica, la = record production industry, the, music industry, the, record industry, the, recording industry, the, music business, the.
    * industria editorial = book industry.
    * industria editorial, la = publishing industry, the.
    * industria energética = energy industry, energy company.
    * industria energética, la = energy utility business, the.
    * industria farmacéutica, la = pharmaceutical industry, the.
    * industria financiera, la = finance industry, the.
    * industria hotelera, la = hotel industry, the.
    * industria láctea, la = dairy industry, the.
    * industria ligera = light industry.
    * industria maderera = timber industry.
    * industria manufacturera = manufacturing industry.
    * industria marina, la = marine industry, the.
    * industria marítima, la = maritime industry, the.
    * industria metalúrgica, la = metallurgical industry, the.
    * industria naval, la = shipping industry, the.
    * industria naviera = shipbuilding industry.
    * industria naviera, la = shipping industry, the.
    * industria nuclear, la = nuclear industry, the.
    * industria papelera = paper industry.
    * industria para la preparación de alimentos = food processing industry.
    * industria pesada = heavy industry.
    * industria pesquera, la = fishing industry, the, fishery industry, the.
    * industria petroquímica = petrochemical industry.
    * industria química = chemical industry.
    * industria química, la = chemical industry, the.
    * industrias que dependen de los recursos humanos = personnel based industries.
    * industria textil = textile industry.
    * industria turística = tourism industry.
    * industria turística, la = tourist industry, the.
    * la industria de la informática = computer industry.
    * Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.
    * sector de la industria farmacéutica, el = pharmaceutical sector, the.
    * trabajador de la industria = industrial worker.
    * * *
    femenino (Com, Econ) industry
    * * *
    = industry, industrial organisation.

    Ex: Library automation has become a multimillion dollar industry.

    Ex: This article discusses the changing information needs of users in industrial organisations.
    * científico de la industria = industrial scientist.
    * crisis de la industria del libro = book crisis.
    * estándar de la industria = industry standard.
    * industria aeroespacial, la = aerospace industry, the.
    * industria aeronáutica, la = airline industry, the, aviation industry, the.
    * industria agrícola = agro-industry.
    * industria agrícola, la = agricultural industry, the.
    * industria alcoholera, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * industria alimentaria = food industry.
    * industria alimenticia = food industry.
    * industria artesanal = cottage industry.
    * industria bancaria, la = banking industry, the.
    * industria cárnica, la = meat industry, the.
    * industria cinematográfica, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.
    * industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.
    * industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].
    * industria dedicada a la producción de carne de vaca, la = beef industry, the.
    * industria de la aeronáutica, la = aviation industry, the, airline industry, the.
    * industria de la aviación, la = aviation industry, the.
    * industria de la bebida, la = beverage industry, the.
    * industria del acero = steel industry.
    * industria de la cerveza, la = brewing industry, the.
    * industria de la comida rápida, la = fast-food industry, the.
    * industria de la confección = clothing industry.
    * industria de la confección, la = garment industry, the.
    * industria de la conserva, la = canned goods industry, the, tinned goods industry, the.
    * industria de la construcción, la = construction industry, the, building industry, the.
    * industria de la edición = book publishing industry.
    * industria de la edición de libros = book publishing industry.
    * industria de la edición impresa = print industry.
    * industria de la edición, la = publishing industry, the.
    * industria de la fabricación de muelles, la = spring industry, the.
    * industria de la hojalata, la = tinplate industry, the.
    * industria de la iluminación, la = lighting industry, the.
    * industria de la imprenta, la = printing industry, the.
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.
    * industria de la información, la = information industry, the.
    * industria de la informática = computer industry.
    * industria de la ingeniería eléctrica, la = electrical engineering industry, the.
    * industria de la ingeniería química, la = chemical engineering industry, the.
    * industria del alcohol, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * industria del aluminio, la = aluminium industry, the.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * industria de la moda, la = fashion industry, the.
    * industria de la prensa, la = newspaper industry, the.
    * industria de la propiedad = property industry.
    * industria de la propiedad intelectual = intellectual property industry.
    * industria de la radio y televisión, la = broadcasting industry, the.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * industria de las comunicaciones = communications industry.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * industria de las ferias de muestras = trade show industry.
    * industria de las finanzas, la = finance industry, the.
    * industria de las publicaciones periódicas, la = serial industry, the.
    * industria de las publicaciones seriadas, la = serials industry, the.
    * industria de las telecomunicaciones, la = telecommunications industry, the.
    * industria del automóvil, la = automotive industry, the, automobile industry, the, motor trade, the, motor industry, the.
    * industria del carbón = coal industry.
    * industria del CD-ROM = CD-ROM industry.
    * industria del cine, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.
    * industria del cuero = leather industry.
    * industria del espectáculo, la = show business.
    * industria del ganado lanar = sheep farming.
    * industria del gas = gas industry.
    * industria del libro = book industry.
    * industria del libro, la = bookmaking industry, the.
    * industria del motor, la = motor industry, the.
    * industria del ocio, la = entertainment industry, the.
    * industria de los alimentos = food industry.
    * industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.
    * industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.
    * industria del papel = paper industry.
    * industria del periódico, la = newspaper industry, the.
    * industria del petróleo = petroleum industry.
    * industria del sector turístico = tourism industry.
    * industria del software, la = software industry, the.
    * industria del tabaco, la = tobacco industry, the.
    * industria del turismo = tourism industry.
    * industria del vestir = clothing industry.
    * industria de servicios = service industry.
    * industria de servicios financieros, la = financial services industry, the.
    * industria discográfica, la = record production industry, the, music industry, the, record industry, the, recording industry, the, music business, the.
    * industria editorial = book industry.
    * industria editorial, la = publishing industry, the.
    * industria energética = energy industry, energy company.
    * industria energética, la = energy utility business, the.
    * industria farmacéutica, la = pharmaceutical industry, the.
    * industria financiera, la = finance industry, the.
    * industria hotelera, la = hotel industry, the.
    * industria láctea, la = dairy industry, the.
    * industria ligera = light industry.
    * industria maderera = timber industry.
    * industria manufacturera = manufacturing industry.
    * industria marina, la = marine industry, the.
    * industria marítima, la = maritime industry, the.
    * industria metalúrgica, la = metallurgical industry, the.
    * industria naval, la = shipping industry, the.
    * industria naviera = shipbuilding industry.
    * industria naviera, la = shipping industry, the.
    * industria nuclear, la = nuclear industry, the.
    * industria papelera = paper industry.
    * industria para la preparación de alimentos = food processing industry.
    * industria pesada = heavy industry.
    * industria pesquera, la = fishing industry, the, fishery industry, the.
    * industria petroquímica = petrochemical industry.
    * industria química = chemical industry.
    * industria química, la = chemical industry, the.
    * industrias que dependen de los recursos humanos = personnel based industries.
    * industria textil = textile industry.
    * industria turística = tourism industry.
    * industria turística, la = tourist industry, the.
    * la industria de la informática = computer industry.
    * Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.
    * sector de la industria farmacéutica, el = pharmaceutical sector, the.
    * trabajador de la industria = industrial worker.

    * * *
    A ( Com, Econ) industry
    la industria de la construcción the construction industry
    Compuestos:
    cottage industry
    motor industry, car industry
    cottage industry
    telecommunications industry
    sex industry
    space industry
    light industry
    arms o weapons industry, defense* industry
    heavy industry
    fishing industry
    staple industries (pl)
    iron and steel industry
    B
    1 (esfuerzo) diligence, industry
    2 (destreza) resourcefulness, ingenuity
    * * *

    industria sustantivo femenino (Com, Econ) industry;

    industria pesquera fishing industry
    industria sustantivo femenino industry
    industria siderúrgica, iron and steel industry

    ' industria' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aeronáutica
    - aeronáutico
    - azucarera
    - azucarero
    - cafetera
    - cafetero
    - cárnica
    - cárnico
    - cinematográfica
    - cinematográfico
    - confección
    - construcción
    - manufactura
    - minería
    - peletería
    - perfumería
    - repunte
    - revolucionar
    - sombrerería
    - turismo
    - alimenticio
    - ascenso
    - atrasar
    - automotor
    - crecimiento
    - fomentar
    - hotelería
    - lechero
    - levantar
    - nacional
    - nacionalización
    - nacionalizar
    - obrero
    - paralizar
    - ramo
    - reconvertir
    - usina
    - vinícola
    English:
    cosmetic
    - cottage industry
    - cripple
    - develop
    - DTI
    - encourage
    - encouragement
    - forefront
    - high-tech
    - industry
    - meat industry
    - oil industry
    - printing
    - publishing
    - rag trade
    - rundown
    - service industry
    - standstill
    - steel industry
    - tourist industry
    - trade
    - woolen
    - woollen
    - business
    - fishery
    - growth industry
    - manufacturing
    - tourist
    * * *
    1. [sector] industry
    la industria agroalimentaria the food and agriculture industry;
    industria automotriz car o Br motor o US automobile industry;
    industria del automóvil car o Br motor o US automobile industry;
    industria automovilística car o Br motor o US automobile industry;
    industria del entretenimiento entertainment industry;
    industria en expansión growth industry;
    industria ligera light industry;
    industria del ocio leisure industry;
    industria pesada heavy industry;
    industria punta sunrise industry;
    industria textil textile industry;
    industria de transformación manufacturing industry;
    industria del turismo tourist industry;
    industria turística tourist industry
    2. [fábrica] factory
    3. [habilidad] industry, hard work
    * * *
    f
    1 actividad, sector industry
    2 ( esfuerzo) industriousness, industry
    * * *
    : industry
    * * *
    industria n industry [pl. industries]

    Spanish-English dictionary > industria

  • 20 sencillo

    adj.
    1 simple, uncomplicated, easy, with no frills.
    2 simple, simplehearted, naive, simpleminded.
    3 simple, unadorned, with no frills.
    4 single, simple.
    5 one-way, single-track, unidirectional.
    m.
    1 small change, change, small coins.
    2 one way ticket.
    * * *
    1 (sin adornos) simple, plain
    2 (fácil) simple, easy
    4 figurado (persona - natural) natural, unaffected, unpretentious; (- ingenua) naive, gullible
    * * *
    (f. - sencilla)
    adj.
    1) simple, easy
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [costumbre, estilo, ropa] simple
    2) [asunto, problema] simple, straightforward

    es un plato sencillo de hacer pero apetitoso — it's a simple but tasty dish, the dish is straightforward to make, but tasty

    3) (=no afectado) natural, unaffected

    es muy rico pero muy sencillo en el trato — he's very rich, but nevertheless very natural o unaffected

    4) [billete] single
    5) LAm (=necio) foolish
    2. SM
    1) (=disco) single
    2) LAm (=cambio) small change
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.
    Ex. In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.
    Ex. He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex. This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex. New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex. The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex. The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex. The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    ----
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.
    * * *
    I
    - lla adjetivo
    1)
    a) <ejercicio/problema> simple, straightforward
    b) < persona> modest, unassuming; <vestido/estilo> simple, plain; <casa/comida> simple, modest

    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras — they are simple, hardworking people

    2) (Esp, Méx) < billete> one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    II
    1) ( disco) single
    2) (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3) (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    * * *
    = humble [humbler -comp., humblest -sup.], plain [plainer -comp., plainest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, bald, unobtrusive, low-key [low key], uncluttered, unsophisticated, unpretentious, unassuming, folksy [folksier -comp., folksiest -sup.], homespun, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, no-frills, hassle-free.

    Ex: In spite of much complexity, they perform reliably; witness the humble typewriter, or the movie camera or the automobile.

    Ex: He went on to explain that while there were no unsightly slums, there was a fairly large district of rather nondescript homes intermingled with plain two- and three-family brick and frame dwellings, principally in the eastern reaches of the city.
    Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex: This text contains its share of irrelevant allusions included by authors 'to add artistic verisimilitude to a bald and otherwise unconvincing narrative', to quote another favourite source.
    Ex: New technologies will enable interfaces composed of unobtrusive physiological monitors and prosthetics.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: There is a need for unpretentious, informative manuals which help readers to play bowls, arrange flowers, decorate the house, and the like.
    Ex: The term 'librarian' may confer the impression of being a quiet, respectable and unassuming person and consequently be useful on insurance forms, passports and rental agreements.
    Ex: The best path, the film implies, is a middle way, combining worldliness with a folksy morality, one that respects family and individual alike.
    Ex: The author chronicles the exuberant stories, hyperbole, homespun speech and demigod characteristics of American 'tall tales'.
    Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: This is a good guide for independent travellers looking for cheap, no-frills intercity transport around the country.
    Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    * codificación directa de fila sencilla = single row direct coding.
    * de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.
    * disco sencillo = single.
    * habitación sencilla = single room.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹ejercicio/problema› simple, straightforward
    no era sencillo hacerlos entrar it wasn't easy o it was no simple task getting them in
    2 ‹persona› modest, unassuming; ‹vestido/estilo› simple, plain; ‹casa/comida› simple, modest
    son gentes sencillas y trabajadoras they are simple, hardworking people
    el disco es sencillote y comercial the record is unsophisticated o crude and commercial
    B
    1 ‹flor› single
    2 (único) single
    una escopeta de cañón sencilla a single-barreled gun
    coser con hilo sencillo to sew with single thread
    3 (Esp, Méx) ‹billete› one-way ( AmE), single ( BrE)
    A (disco) single
    B ( AmL) (dinero suelto) change
    C (Esp, Méx) (billete de ida) one-way ticket ( AmE), single ( BrE), single ticket ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    sencillo 1
    ◊ - lla adjetivo

    1
    a) ‹ejercicio/problema› simple, straightforward;



    ‹vestido/estilo› simple, plain;
    ‹casa/comida› simple, modest
    2 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way (AmE), single (BrE)
    sencillo 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( disco) single
    2 (AmL) ( dinero suelto) change
    3 (Esp, Méx) (Transp) one-way ticket (AmE), single (ticket) (BrE)
    sencillo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (una solución, un problema) simple, easy
    2 (un vestido, diseño) simple, plain
    3 (persona) natural, unassuming
    4 (habitación, billete) single
    II sustantivo masculino (billete, disco) single
    ' sencillo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    billete
    - elemental
    - fácil
    - manejo
    - sencilla
    - simple
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - tirada
    - tirado
    English:
    basic
    - down-home
    - easy
    - neat
    - plain
    - simple
    - single
    - single-space
    - straightforward
    - change
    - fool
    - low
    - painless
    - small
    - straight
    - unaffected
    - unassuming
    - unsophisticated
    * * *
    sencillo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [fácil] simple;
    no fue sencillo convencerla it was not easy to convince her
    2. [sin lujo] [decoración, vestido] simple
    3. [claro, natural] [lenguaje, estilo] simple
    4. [campechano] natural, unaffected;
    es muy sencillo en el trato he's very natural o unaffected
    5. [billete] Br single, US one-way
    6. [no múltiple] single;
    ♦ nm
    1. [disco] single
    2. Andes, CAm, Méx Fam [cambio] loose change
    * * *
    I adj simple;
    gente(s) sencilla(s) simple people
    II m
    1 L.Am.
    small change
    2 en béisbol base hit
    * * *
    sencillo, - lla adj
    1) : simple, easy
    2) : plain, unaffected
    3) : single
    1) : single (recording)
    2) : small change (coins)
    3) : one-way ticket
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > sencillo

Страницы
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