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121 κῑνέω
κῑνέωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `set in movement, drive away, shake' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. κινῆσαι.Derivatives: κίνημα, κίνησις `movement, agitation' (IA.) with παρα-κινηματικός (Ph.), κινητικός `moving, movable' (IA.; Chantraine Étude sur le vocab. gr. 101); κινηθμός `movement' (Pi.; on the meaning Benveniste Origines 201); κινώ = κίνησις (Emp. 123, 2; after H. Dor.); κινητήρ `mover, agitator' (h. Hom., Pi.; of Poseidon; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 108; 153; Benveniste Noms d'agent 39 a. 42) with κινητήριος (A.); κινητής `id.' (Ar., Plb.); κίνηθρον (Poll.), - ητρον (Eust.) `spoon (for stirring)'; κινητήριον `brothel' (Eup.; from κινεῖν sens. obsc.); - a back-formation from ἀπο-κινεῖν is ἀπόκινος m. name of a comic dance (Com.). - Besides κί̄νυμαι `move oneself, κινέομαι' only present-stem (Il.), incid. with ἐν-, ἐπι-, ὑπο- (Q. S.); intensive lengthening is κινύσσομαι `be heavily moved, be excited' (A. Ch. 196; Schwyzer 716) with κίνυγμα `moved, light object, playing ball, toy' (A. Pr. 158, anap.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [538] *ḱei- `set in movement'Etymology: Because of κίνυμαι we must assume for κινέω an older *κινέϜ-ω, for *κι-νευ-μι; the non-present forms κινῆ-σαι etc. are therefore analogical formations. Schwyzer 696 w. n. 5. κι-νυ-μαι, *κι-νευ-μι is an old νυ-present; s. κίω, also σεύω.Page in Frisk: 1,855Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῑνέω
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122 λαικάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wench' (com.).Other forms: fut. λαικάσομαιDerivatives: λαικάστρια f. `strumpet' (com.), also λαικαστής m. (Ar. Ach. 79); as back formation λαικάς f. (Aristaenet. 2,16; not quite certain); also λαικαλέος (Luc. Lex. 12, parodizing; Debrunner IF 23, 24 a. 37).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Resembles ληκάω (s. v.), of which λαικάω is prob. only a variant; cf. on λαίθαργος. "Daß bei einem Worte dieser Bedeutung sich kein bestimmtes Vorbild der Entgleisung nachweisen läßt, ist nicht verwunderlich." (Frisk; unclear to me). Old ablaut (Bq) is impossible, cf. WP. 2 396 with criticism of older suggestions. αι \> η is typical for Pre-Greek; Beekes, Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαικάζω
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123 λαιμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `throat, gullet' (Il.).Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. λαι-μάσσω, - ττω `be voracious' (Ar., Herod.; Schwyzer 733) with λαίμαστρον `voracious animal, carouser', as term of abuse (Herod.; cf. on ζύγαστρον); 2. λαιμώσσω `id'. (Nic. Al. 352 as v.l.); 3. λαιμάω `id'. (Hippon.); 4. λαιμάζουσιν ἐσθίουσιν ἀμέτρως H.; λαιμίζω `cut the throat, slaughter' (Lyc.). - Nouns: λαιμά n. pl. = λαμυρά `voracious, greedy' (H.; Men. 106, codd. λαῖμα, λῆμα), prob. back formation to λαιμάω, - άζω, - άσσω; λαιμώρη ἡ λαμυρίς (Theognost. Kan. 9, Suid.); cf. esp. πληθώρη (on the acc. Wackernagel - Debrunner Phil. 95, 181 f.). - A comp. that became unclear is λαίμαργος `voracious, carouser' (Arist., Thphr.) from *λαιμό-μαργος (cf. esp. γαστρί-μαργος), if not from λαίμαργος; s. Georgacas Glotta 36, 165.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: With λαιμός one connects λαῖτμα (s.v.), for which I see no basis; further no usable connection. - Several proposals: to λαμυρός (s. v.), λάμια, *λαμός (WP. 2, 434 with Prellwitz); to λαίειν, λαήμεναι φθέγγεσθαι H. (Bq; against this WP. 2, 377); to λαιός (Huisman KZ 71, 104; cf. s. v.). Several hypotheses on the badly attested adj. λαιμός (s. λαιμά above) by WP. l.cc., among which Solmsen KZ 44, 171 to λαιδρός (s. v.).Page in Frisk: 2,72-73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαιμός
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124 λαιφάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One thinks of a cross of λαιμάσσω and λαφύσσω, but such crosses are much to easily posited and can be hardly demonstrated. λαιφάσσοντες (if correct) after ἁφάσσοντες - λαιφαί ἀναιδεῖς. θρασεῖς, στυγναί, τολμηραί H. (Schmidt ρεαδσ λαιδραί), connected by Debrunner IF 21, 225 and Schwyzer 733, has a different meaning; the also uncertain λαιφύς δάπανος η βορός H. looks like a back formation (after P. Maas ByzZ 37, 380 false für λάφυξ). - The forms with φ \/ μ present a well-known variation in Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,74Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαιφάσσω
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125 λακίς
λακίς. - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.,Meaning: `rent, rending; tatters of clothes' (Alc., A.).Other forms: often pl. λακίδεςCompounds: PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Derivatives: Denomin. λακίζω, also with περι-, `tear' (Lyc., AP) with λακίσματα `tatters' (E.), λακιστός `teared in tatters' (Antiph.); also λακιδ-όομαι `be teared (to tatters)' (Dsc.). - Besides λάκη ῥάκη. Κρῆτες H. and λάκημα `rent, piece, fragment' (pap.), cf. on λάσκω. The plur. λάκη can, if not recent innovation to ῥάκη, belong to the in Lat. lacerāre `tear' supposed s-stem * lacus ( vulnerāre: vulnus); the later attested lacer, - era, - erum `teared' would then (with Ernout-Meillet; diff. Hofmann with Leumann) be a back formation. For λακίς both nominal (*λάκος?) and verbal basis could be assumed (Chantraine Form. 338, Schwyzer 465), thus for λάκημα (cf. Chantraine 178). The only trace of an old primary verb (which was replaced by λακίζω) is ἀπέληκα ἀπέρρωγα. Κυπριοι H. (lengthened aorist, Bechtel Dial. 1, 433); Latin too has given it up for denomin. lacerāre. - An IE root of λακ- is difficult: * lh₂k-? Cf. Pok. 674.Etymology: -- Aus dem Latein gehört hierher noch der n-Stamm lacin-ia f. `Zipfel usw.' (von Specht Ursprung 158 mit λακί-ς zusammengekoppelt ; schwerlich mit Recht); ein n-Stamm wird noch in npers. raxna `Riß, Spalte' vermutet (Benveniste Origines 15; von W.-Hofmann s. lacer in Zweifel gezogen). Weitere Formen (u. a. alb. lakúr `nackt') m. Lit. bei W. -Hofmann a.a.O., WP. 2, 419f. (Pok. 674). Zweifelhaftes aus dem Slavischen bei Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. 2, 20 s. lachój `Lappen, Fetzen'.Page in Frisk: 2,75Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λακίς
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126 πικρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `sharp, peaky, piercing, bitter, painful' (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 78 a. 273).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πικρό-χολος `full of bitter gall' (Hp.), γλυκύ-πικρος `sweet-bitter' (Sapph.; Risch IF 59, 32).Derivatives: 1. Abstract: πικρ-ότης f. `sharpness, bitterness etc.' (IA.), - ία f. `id.' (D., Arist., hell.). 2. plantname: πικρ-άς, - ίς, - ίδιον (Arist., Thphr., Ps.-Dsc.); Strömberg Pfl.namen 63; - άς f. also `sour bottom' (pap. IIIa); - ίδιος as adj. `somewhat bitter' (Ath.). 3. verbs: a. πικρ-αίνομαι, - αίνω, also w. ἐκ-, ἐν-, παρα- a.o., `to become bitter, to embitter; to make bitter' (IA.) with - ασμός ( παρα-πικρός) m. `embitterment' (LXX, Ep. Hebr.), - αντικῶς adv. `in an embittering way' (S.E.); b. πικρ-όομαι, almost only with ἐκ-, `id.' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.) with - ωσις f. (Gal.); back formation ἔκπικρος `very bitter' (Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 73); c. πικρ-άζομαι, - άζω, also w. ἐκ-, `id.' (S. E.). 4. substantivising πίκρα f. name of an antidote (Alex. Trall.). 5. PN Πρίκων m. (Eretria, Tanagra) with metathesis as in NGr. πρικός (Kretschmer Glotta 6, 304; diff. Bechtel KZ 45, 155).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [794] *piḱ-ro- `motley, painted'Etymology: With a Slav. word for `motley', e.g. ORuss. CSlav. pьstrъ formally identical: IE *piḱros, from a verb `sting, cut, embroider, paint' in Sk. piṃśáti (nasalpres.) `carve, cut to measure, ornament', Slav., e.g. OCS pьsati `write'; further cognates s. ποικίλος. -- With πικρός also some Indo-Iran. words have been identified: Pashto p(u)šǝī f. `kind of rhubarb, Rheum emodi' (Morgenstierne Sarūpa-Bhāratī [Hoshiarpur 1954] 1;), Skt. śilpá- `motley' (inverted from *piślá-; Tedesco Lang. 23, 383ff [?]). After Machek Zeitschr. f. Slawistik 1, 36 here also Slav. prikrь `disgusting, sour, sharp'; against this Vasmer Wb. s. príkryj.Page in Frisk: 2,535-536Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πικρός
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127 axë
ks noun neck the bony part of the neck, not including throat, pl. axi given. Also sg. acas the alternative form axë is said to be later and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi. The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. PE17:92 -
128 რეგრესული დერივაცია/სიტყვათწარმოება
nback-formationGeorgian-English dictionary > რეგრესული დერივაცია/სიტყვათწარმოება
См. также в других словарях:
back-formation — also back formation, by 1887, from BACK (Cf. back) (adv.) + FORMATION (Cf. formation) … Etymology dictionary
back-formation — 1. A back formation is a word (often a verb) formed from a longer word (often a noun) which appears to be a derivative of the newer word; for example, burgle (19c) is a back formation from burglar (which is six centuries older) and sculpt (19c)… … Modern English usage
back-formation — [bak′fôr mā΄shən] n. 1. a word actually formed from, but seeming to be the base of, another word (Ex.: burgle from burglar) 2. the process of forming such a word * * * back for·ma·tion or back formation (băkʹfôr mā shən) n … Universalium
back-formation — ack for*ma tion n. (Linguistics) 1. a word invented (usually unwittingly by subtracting an affix) on the assumption that a familiar word derives from it, such as emote from emotion. [WordNet 1.5 +PJC] 2. the process of inventing a back… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
back formation — back for,mation noun count LINGUISTICS a new word that is formed by removing a part of another word. In English, burgle is a back formation from burglar … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
back-formation — [bak′fôr mā΄shən] n. 1. a word actually formed from, but seeming to be the base of, another word (Ex.: burgle from burglar) 2. the process of forming such a word … English World dictionary
Back-formation — In etymology, back formation refers to the process of creating a new lexeme (less precisely, a new word ) by removing actual or supposed affixes. The resulting neologism is called a back formation , a term coined by James Murray [… … Wikipedia
back formation — Ling. 1. the analogical creation of one word from another word that appears to be a derived or inflected form of the first by dropping the apparent affix or by modification. 2. a word so formed, as typewrite from typewriter. [1885 90] * * * back… … Useful english dictionary
back formation — n. (ling.) a back formation from (to burgle is a back formation from burglar) * * * (ling. ) a back formation from (to burgle is a back formation from burglar) … Combinatory dictionary
back formation — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms back formation : singular back formation plural back formations linguistics a new word that is formed by removing a part of another word. In English, burgle is a back formation from burglar … English dictionary
back formation — back for.mation n technical a new word formed from an older word, for example televise , which is formed from television … Dictionary of contemporary English