altercātiō

altercātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a strife or contest in words, a dispute, debate; either with or without passion: amoibaios logos, Gloss. Philox. (perh. not entirely dignified, since Cic. uses it several times in his Epistt. and philos. writings; but in his Oratt. disceptatio and contentio generally take its place).

In gen.: in pauciores avidos altercatio est, * Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 11:

dies consumptus est altercatione Lentuli consulis et Caninii tribuni plebis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2:

redeo ad altercationem,

id. Att. 1, 16 med.; so id. ib. 4, 13:

oritur mihi magna de re altercatio cum Velleio,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 4, 6:

magna ibi non disceptatio modo, sed etiam altercatio fuit,

id. 38, 32; 1, 7; 10, 40;

35, 17: Cn. Domitius collegae suo altercatione ortā objecit, quod etc.,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4; Tac. H. 4, 7:

verborum altercatio,

Scrib. Comp. 181:

in altercatione barbam invadere,

Suet. Caes. 71.—

Esp., in rhet., an altercation; a kind of discourse in a court of justice, which is not continuous, but where one seeks to vanquish his opponent by interposed questions, sometimes mingled with abuse (cf. Quint. 6, 3, 4; 4, 1, 28, and altercor, II.), Cic. Brut. 44, 164.

* * *

disceptātĭo, ōnis, f. [discepto], a dispute, disputation, debate, discussion, disquisition.

In gen. (good prose in sing. and plur.; cf.

for syn.: controversia, concertatio, altercatio, contentio, jurgium, rixa, disputatio): cum quibus omnis fere nobis disceptatio contentioque est,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

non disceptatio modo, sed etiam altercatio,

Liv. 38, 32; so absol., Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

rationum et firmamentorum contentio adducit in angustum disceptationem,

id. Part. Or. 30, 104; Liv. 27, 5; 32, 40; Quint. 3, 11, 11; 7, 5, 2 al.:

lator ipse legis, cum esset controversia nulla facti, juris tamen disceptationem esse voluit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 23; so,

juris,

Quint. 3, 6, 82:

forenses judiciorum aut deliberationum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 6, 22; cf. Quint. 2, 4, 24:

judicationum,

id. 3, 11, 19 et saep.:

verborum (opp.: directa denuntiatio belli),

Liv. 21, 19:

cogitationum,

Vulg. Rom. 14, 1.—

Esp., a decision, judicial award, judgment (very rare):

arbitrorum (coupled with publica judicia),

Quint. 11, 1, 43:

praetoris,

Dig. 2, 15, 8, § 24.

altercor, ātus, 1, v. dep. [alter], to have a discussion or difference with another, to dispute; to wrangle, quarrel, etc. (constr. cum aliquo, inter se, and alicui with acc. and absol.).

In gen.: cur illa hic mecum altercata est? Pac. ap. Non. 470, 7:

Labienus altercari cum Vatinio incipit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

mulierum ritu inter nos altercantes,

Liv. 3, 68.—Once with acc.:

dum hunc et hujusmodi sermonem altercamur,

App. M. 2, p. 115, 40: nimium altercando veritas amittitur, P. Syr. ap. Gell. 17, 14.—

Esp., in rhet. lang., to strive to gain the victory over an opponent in a court of justice by putting questions for him to answer (cf. altercatio, II.):

Crassus in altercando invenit parem neminem,

in crossexamining, Cic. Brut. 43.—Hence poet., in gen, to contend, struggle with: altercante libidinibus pavore, * Hor. S. 2, 7, 57.

dispŭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

A computing, calculating, considering (cf.:

commentatio, dissertatio): venire in disputationem,

Col. 5, 1 fin. —Far more freq.,

An arguing, reasoning, disputing; and concr., an argument, debate, dispute (cf.:

controversia, concertatio, altercatio, contentio, jurgium, rixa),

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 23; id. de Or. 1, 2, 5; id. Ac. 2, 36, 116; id. Lael. 1, 3; id. Rep. 1, 7 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 1; id. B. C. 1, 33, 3; Quint. 3, 6, 80; 7, 2, 14 et saep.

ex-ardesco, arsi, arsum, 3, v. inch. n., qs. to blaze out, i. e. to kindle, take fire (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense and in Cic.; cf.: ardeo, ferveo, caleo, flagro, candeo, uro, etc., incendor, inflammor, etc.).

Lit.:

nulla materies tam facilis ad exardescendum est, quae, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45 fin.:

sulphur exardescens,

Plin. 35, 15, 50, § 175.—

Transf., of the sun's heat:

exarsit dies,

Mart. 3, 67, 6.—And of a fiery color:

fulgor carbunculi exardescens,

Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 94.—

Trop., to be kindled, inflamed, to break out (in a good and bad sense).

Of personal subjects:

exarsit iracundia ac stomacho,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20; cf. id. de Or. 3, 1, 4: (Induciomarus) multo gravius hoc dolore exarsit, * Caes. B. G. 5, 4, 5:

infestius Papirium exarsurum,

Liv. 8, 33; cf.

graviter,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:

haud secus exarsit quam Circo taurus aperto,

Ov. M. 12, 102:

adeo exarserant animis,

Liv. 3, 30; so,

animis,

Tac. A. 1, 51 fin.:

libidinibus indomitis,

id. ib. 6, 1:

in omni genere amplificationis,

Cic. Or. 29, 102:

hodierno die ad spem libertatis exarsimus,

id. Phil. 4, 6 fin.:

ad cupiditatem libertatis recuperandae,

id. ib. 11, 2; id. Verr. 2, 1, 25:

ad bellum,

Liv. 41, 27, 3; Tac. A. 12, 38:

plebes ad id maxime indignatione exarsit,

Liv. 4, 6; cf.:

ad quod exarsit adeo, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

milites in perniciosam seditionem exarsuri,

Liv. 40, 35, 7; cf.:

in iras,

Verg. A. 7, 445; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 32:

in proelium,

Tac. H. 1, 64.—Of the passion of love: in C. Silium ita exarserat (Messalina), Tac. A. 11, 12.—

Of impersonal and abstract subjects:

immane quantum animi exarsere,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 53 (p. 229 ed. Gerl.):

ex quo exardescit sive amor, sive amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 27, 100; cf.:

novum atque atrox proelium,

Liv. 27, 2:

admirabilis quaedam benevolentiae magnitudo,

Cic. Lael. 9, 29:

ira,

id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; cf.:

iracundia exercitus in eum,

Tac. H. 1, 58:

ambitio,

Liv. 3, 35; 35, 10:

violentia Turni,

Verg. A. 11, 376:

dolor Alcidae,

id. ib. 8, 220 et saep.:

injuria,

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

bellum,

id. Lig. 1, 3; Liv. 40, 58; 41, 25; cf.:

certamina inter patres plebemque,

Tac. H. 2, 38:

seditio,

id. ib. 2, 27:

tanta ista importunitas inauditi sceleris,

Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

fames auri,

Plin. 33, 3, 14, § 48 et saep.:

tum propter multorum delicta etiam ad innocentium periculum tempus illud exarserat,

Cic. Sull. 6:

altercatio ex iracundia muliebri in contentionem animorum exarsit,

Liv. 10, 23; cf.:

studia in proelium,

Tac. H. 1, 64:

Corinthiorum vasorum pretia in immensum exarsisse,

i. e. had risen, Suet. Tib. 34; cf.:

quibus initiis in tantum admiratio haec exarserit,

Plin. 37 prooem. §

2: ira,

Vulg. Psa. 88, 45 al. (See also excandefacio and incendo.)

perf.: exarsus, a, um, burned up:

res vestras incendio exarsas esse,

Cod. Just. 9, 1, 11.

per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:

continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,

Cato, R. R. 33:

quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:

agmen,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

palus,

id. B. G. 7, 26:

milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,

Verg. A. 7, 176:

vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,

id. ib. 8, 182:

Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,

Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:

tractus,

id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:

oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:

disputatio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:

quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,

a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

colere te usque perpetuom diem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:

diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,

this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:

triduum,

id. ib. 4, 1, 4:

biennium,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:

ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

lex perpetua et aeterna,

id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:

stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,

id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:

formido,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

assidua et perpetua cura,

Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:

perpetui scrinia Sili,

of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:

serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:

in perpetuum comprimi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:

obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:

non in perpetuum irascetur,

Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—

In partic.

That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:

perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:

nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:

ne id quidem perpetuum est,

does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—

In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—

In gram.:

perpetuus modus,

the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).

perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:

perpetuon' valuisti?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:

metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,

id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

dico ut perpetuo pereas,

id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,

perpetuo perire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:

opinionem retinere,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:

loquens,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

sub imperio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—

perpĕtŭum, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually:

uti,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 99.—

perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4.

per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:

continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,

Cato, R. R. 33:

quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:

agmen,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

palus,

id. B. G. 7, 26:

milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,

Verg. A. 7, 176:

vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,

id. ib. 8, 182:

Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,

Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:

tractus,

id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:

oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:

disputatio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:

quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,

a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

colere te usque perpetuom diem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:

diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,

this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:

triduum,

id. ib. 4, 1, 4:

biennium,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:

ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

lex perpetua et aeterna,

id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:

stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,

id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:

formido,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

assidua et perpetua cura,

Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:

perpetui scrinia Sili,

of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:

serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:

in perpetuum comprimi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:

obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:

non in perpetuum irascetur,

Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—

In partic.

That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:

perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:

nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:

ne id quidem perpetuum est,

does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—

In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—

In gram.:

perpetuus modus,

the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).

perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:

perpetuon' valuisti?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:

metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,

id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

dico ut perpetuo pereas,

id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,

perpetuo perire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:

opinionem retinere,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:

loquens,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

sub imperio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—

perpĕtŭum, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually:

uti,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 99.—

perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4.

per-pĕtŭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. perpetuior, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.; sup. perpetuissimus, id. ib.) [peto], continuing throughout, continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted; constant, universal, general, entire, whole, perpetual (syn.:

continuus, assiduus): sulcos perpetuos ducere,

Cato, R. R. 33:

quin aedes totae perpetuae ruant,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 67:

agmen,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

palus,

id. B. G. 7, 26:

milites disposuit perpetuis vigiliisque stationibusque,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis,

Verg. A. 7, 176:

vescitur Aeneas... perpetui tergo bovis,

id. ib. 8, 182:

Apenninus perpetuis jugis ab Alpibus tendens ad Siculum fretum,

Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48:

tractus,

id. 6, 20, 23, § 73:

oratio perpetua (opp. altercatio),

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8; cf. Liv. 4, 6:

disputatio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 16; id. Top. 26, 97:

quaestiones perpetuae hoc adulescente constitutae sunt,

a standing commission, a permanent tribunal for criminal investigation, id. Brut. 27, 105: perpetua historia, a continuous or general history, id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

colere te usque perpetuom diem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 78:

diem perpetuum in laetitiā degere,

this whole day, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5:

triduum,

id. ib. 4, 1, 4:

biennium,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 12:

ignis Vestae perpetuus ac sempiternus,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

lex perpetua et aeterna,

id. N. D. 1, 15, 40:

stellarum perennes cursus atque perpetui,

id. ib. 2, 21, 55. stabilis et perpetua permansio, id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

voluntas mea perpetua et constans in rem publicam,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 13:

formido,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

assidua et perpetua cura,

Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 2:

perpetui scrinia Sili,

of the immortal Silius, Mart. 6, 64, 10.—As subst.: perpĕtŭum, i, n., the abiding, permanent (opp. temporale), Lact. 2, 8, 68.—Hence: in perpetuum (sc. tempus), for all time, forever, in perpetuity, constantly: mulier repperit odium ocius Suā inmunditiā, quam in perpetuom ut placeat munditia sua. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 6:

serva tibi in perpetuom amicum me,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 81:

in perpetuum comprimi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Agr. 2, 21, 55:

obtinere aliquid in perpetuum,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 139:

non in perpetuum irascetur,

Vulg. Psa. 102, 9 et saep.—So, in perpetuum modum = perpetuo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 5.—

In partic.

That holds constantly and universally, universal, general:

perpetui juris et universi generis quaestio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 141:

nec arbitror perpetuum quicquam in hoc praecipi posse,

Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 19:

ne id quidem perpetuum est,

does not always hold good, Cels. 2, 10: illud in quo quasi certamen est controversiae... id ita dici placet, ut traducatur ad perpetuam quaestionem, to a general principle, [p. 1352] Cic. Or. 36, 126.—

In augury: perpetua fulmina, perpetual lighlnings, i. e. whose prognostics refer to one's whole life, Sen. Q. N. 2, 47, 1.—

In gram.:

perpetuus modus,

the infinitive mood, Diom. p. 331 P. —Hence, adv., in three forms, perpetuo (class.), perpetuum ( poet.), and perpetue (late Lat.).

perpĕtŭō, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually, always, forever, utterly, hopelessly:

perpetuon' valuisti?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 15:

metuo ne technae meae perpetuo perierint,

id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

dico ut perpetuo pereas,

id. Pers. 2, 4, 10; so,

perpetuo perire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13:

opinionem retinere,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 2:

loquens,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

sub imperio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Ov. M. 10, 97.—

perpĕtŭum, constantly, uninterruptedly, perpetually:

uti,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 99.—

perpĕtŭē, constantly, Cassiod. in Psa. 62, 4.

rixa, ae, f. [perh. root rig, whence ringor; the suffix -sa like noxa from noc-eo; hence, prop., the wide opening of the mouth].

A quarrel, brawl, dispute, contest, strife, contention (class.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period;

syn.: contentio, altercatio, disceptatio, jurgium): ecce nova turba atque rixa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 148:

rixa ac prope proelium fuit,

Liv. 2, 18:

rixa sedata est,

id. 2, 29:

in rixā esse,

id. 40, 14:

in rixam ire,

Quint. 6, 4, 13:

sive geris jocos Seu rixam et insanos amores,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 3:

rixa super mero Debellata,

id. ib. 1, 18, 8:

Academiae nostrae cum Zenone magna rixa est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:

pietatis rixa,

Mart. 1, 37, 3:

jurgia primum, mox rixa,

Tac. H. 1, 64.— Plur.:

corrupta jurgiis aut rixis disciplina,

Tac. H. 2, 27 fin.:

crebrae,

id. G. 22:

sanguineae,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 4:

immodicae,

id. ib. 1, 13, 10.—Prov.: a lasso rixam quaeri, v. lassus.—

In gen., a battle, contest (very rare):

major cum Oceano quam cum ipsis navibus rixa,

Flor. 3, 10, 5. —

Of beasts: deque tuo fiet... Insatiabilibus corpore rixa lupis,

Ov. Ib. 170; Col. 9, 15, 4; Plin. 11, 17, 18, § 58.