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alter-uter

  • 1 alter-uter

        alter-uter utra, utrum, gen. alterutrīus (rarely separate, altera utra, etc.), pronom. adj.,    one or the other, either this or that, one of two: necesse erat alterutrum esse hostem: ut si in alterutro peccandum sit, malim, etc.: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, N.

    Latin-English dictionary > alter-uter

  • 2 uter

    1.
    ūter, tris, m. ( neutr. collat. form of plur. utria, Liv. And. ap. Non. p. 231, 31; gen. plur. utrium, Sall. J. 91, 1) [kindr. with uterus; v. Isid. Orig. 20, 6, 7], a bag or bottle made of an animal's hide, a skin for wine, oil, water, etc., Plaut. Truc. 5, 11:

    unctos salire per utres,

    Verg. G. 2, 384; Curt. 7, 5, 10; Ov. Am. 3, 12, 29; Juv. 15, 20; Plin. 12, 7, 15, § 31; 28, 18, 73, § 240; Scrib. Comp. 84; Just. 1, 8, 13; Dig. 33, 6, 3. —Often inflated and used for crossing streams, Caes. B. C. 1, 48 Herz.; Liv. 21, 27, 5; Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 176; Amm. 30, 1, 9.— Poet.: crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus utrem, the swelling skin, i. e. the vain man, Hor. S. 2, 5, 98.
    2.
    ŭter, tri, m., v. uterus init.
    3.
    ŭter, ūtra, ūtrum ( gen. utrīus; dat. utri; gen. sing., scanned utrĭus, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 15; cf. uterque; gen. and dat. fem. utrae, acc. to Charis. p. 132 P.), pron. [for cuter, in form comp. of quis; cf. Engl. who, whe - ther; cf. also Sanscr. katara, uter, and Gr. poteros; Ionic, koteros].
    I.
    Interrogatively.
    A.
    In direct questions.
    1.
    With gen. part.; sed uter vostrorum'st celerior? Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 42:

    agnūm horum uter est pinguior?

    id. ib. 2, 5, 1:

    uter nostrum popularis est? tune an ego?

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    uter est insanior horum?

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 102:

    peccat uter nostrum cruce dignius?

    id. ib. 2, 7, 47.—
    2.
    With ex and abl.:

    uter ex his tibi sapiens videtur?

    Sen. Ep. 90, 14.—
    3.
    Neutr. and with apposit.-clause: utrum est melius? virginemne an viduam uxorem ducere? Naev. ap. Non. p. 136, 7 (Com. Rel. v. 53 Rib.):

    utrum igitur mavis? statimne nos vela facere, an... paululum remigare?

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 84.—With plur. verb:

    uter meruistis culpam?

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 29:

    uter eratis, tun' an ille, major?

    id. ib. 5, 9, 60.— Plur., of two parties:

    sed utriscum rem esse mavis?

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 51.—
    B.
    In indirect questions.
    1.
    With gen. part.:

    nostrum uter sit blandior,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 58:

    harum duarum condicionum utram malis vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 85: is vestrorum uter sit, cui signum datum est, Cette, Pac. ap. Non. p. 85, 4 (Trag. Rel. v. 62 Rib.):

    quod utri nostrum sanctius sit, jam pridem sentis Liv 40, 9, 7: utrius horum Verba probes et facta, doce,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 15.—
    2.
    With ex and abl.: de praemiis quaeritur: ex duobus, uter dignior;

    ex pluribus, quis dignissimus,

    Quint. 7, 4, 21.—
    3.
    With de and abl. (very rare):

    utrum de his potius, dubitasset aliquis, quin alterum, nemo,

    Cic. Brut. 50, 189.
    4.
    Absol.: omnibus cura viris uter esset induperator, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 86 Vahl.):

    et tamen utrum malis scio,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 15:

    utro frui malis, optio sit tua,

    Cic. Fat. 2, 3:

    sortirenturve, uter comitiis ejus anni praeesset,

    Liv. 35, 20, 3:

    non tantum utrum melius, sed quid sit optimum quaeritur,

    Quint. 3, 8, 33:

    dijudicari, uter populus alteri pariturus esset,

    Vell. 2, 90, 3:

    elige, utrum facias,

    Ov. M. 9, 548:

    ignorante rege uter Orestes esset,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

    considerando, utra lex ad majores res pertineat,

    id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    dubitare visus est Sulpicius et Cotta, utrius oratio propius ad veritatem videretur accedere,

    id. de Or. 1, 62, 262:

    ita ut oculis, in utram partem fluit (flumen), judicari non possit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    certamen consulibus inciderat, uter dedicaret aedem,

    Liv. 2, 27, 5:

    videamus uter plus scribere possit,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 16.— Plur., of two parties or sets:

    sed utros ejus habueris libros—duo enim sunt corpora—an utrosque, nescio,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 4:

    quaestio sequitur ex ipsis (testibus), utri meliores viri,

    Quint. 5, 7, 34:

    nec promptum est dicere, utros peccare validius putem,

    id. 10, 3, 12.— Neutr. with apposit. - clause:

    cogitare, utrum esset Agrigentinis utilius, suisne servire anne populo Romano obtemperare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73:

    videte utrum sit aequius, hominem dedi inimicissimis nationibus an reddi amicis,

    id. Font. 18, 41 (14, 31).—
    5.
    Repeated, which of two... the other:

    ut nihil jam aliud quaerere debeatis, nisi uter utri insidias fecerit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

    ut... neque dijudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

    scire de filiis tuis, uter ab utro petitus fraude et insidiis esset,

    Liv. 40, 55, 3:

    ambigitur uter utro sit prior,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 55:

    si non intellegitur, uter ab utro eversus sit,

    Dig. 9, 2, 45.—
    6.
    Strengthened by ne:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius, hic qui Pluribus assuerit mentem, etc., An qui contentus parvo?

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 107.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Indef. rel., whichsoever of two, the one which:

    utram harum vis condicionem accipe,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 13:

    convenit, victi utri sint in eo proelio... focos, seque uti dederent,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 71:

    horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum,

    Cic. Sest. 42, 92:

    utrum enim horum dixeris, in eo culpa et crimen haerebit,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 45, § 106:

    quotiens ille tibi optionem facturus sit, ut eligas utrum velis, factum esse necne... utrum dixeris, id contra te futurum,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

    utrum igitur eorum accidisset, verum oraculum fuisset,

    id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    uter enim... penetrarit et uter... accesserit, is vincat necesse est,

    id. Part. Or. 36, 123:

    utrum placet, sumite... daret, utrum vellet subclamatum est,

    Liv. 21, 18, 13:

    utri eorum dedicatio jussu populi data esset, eum praeesse annonae,

    id. 2, 27, 5:

    utrius partis melior fortuna belli esset, ad ejus societatem inclinaturos,

    id. 31, 32, 5:

    uter aedilis fueritve Vestrum praetor, is sacer esto,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 180; 2, 5, 28:

    utro exercitu mallet ex duobus, quos, etc.,

    Liv. 36, 1, 9:

    ut ipse optet, ex duobus ab lege constitutis suppliciis utrum velit pendere,

    Sen. Contr. 7, 23, 6.—
    B.
    Indef., either of the two, one or the other, one of two: uti tu ad Laelium Luciumve consulem sive quem ad uter eorum jusserit proferes, Vet. Form. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

    omnium controversiarum, quae essent inter aratorem et decumanum, si uter velit, edicit se recuperatores daturum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 35: quid? si una tabula sit, duo naufragi aeque sapientes;

    sibine uter rapiat, an alter cedat alteri?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 90:

    si cum utro eorum actum est, cum altero agi non potest,

    Dig. 9, 2, 45, § 3. —
    * C.
    Whichsoever of more than two:

    quorum utrum ei acciderit,

    Vitr. 7 praef. — Hence, adv.: ū̆trō, to which of two places, to which side or part:

    nescit utro potius ruat et ruere ardet utroque,

    Ov. M. 5, 166; Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179; v. also utrum.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > uter

  • 3 alteruter

    alter-uter, alter-utra (реже altera utra), alterutrum (реже alterum-utrum) (скл. преим. uter, реже обе части, но gen. всегда alterīus utrīus) (тж. раздельно) adj.
    один из двух, какой-нибудь из двух, тот или другой (a. ex his duobus Sen; a. vestrum C)

    Латинско-русский словарь > alteruter

  • 4 alteruter

    alter-uter, alter-utra (häufiger als altera utra), alter-utrum (häufiger als alterum utrum), Genet. alterutrīus (häufiger als alterīus utrīus etc.), Dat. alterutri (archaist. als Genet. u. Dat. fem. alterutrae nach Charis. 159, 2), a) einer (eine, eines) von zweien od. beiden mit Ausschluß des andern, ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, Nep.: alteruter vestrum, Cic.: alteruter de filiis, Cic.: alteruter ex his duobus, Sen.: altera utra victoria, Liv.: non alterius utrius partis fuisse, Cic.: alterutri se fortunae parans, sich auf alle Fälle gefaßt machend, Vell.: si necessitas alterutri nostrum imminet, Sen.: video esse necesse alterutrum, Cic.: cum necesse sit alterum utrum vincere, Cic. – Plur., de alterutris (= utrisque) qui utramvis comprobat, numquam alteram refutat, Ps. Apul. de dogm. Plat. 3. p. 266 H.: quae inter se quantitate et qualitate contrariae alterutrae nominentur, ibid. – b) einer den andern, einander, manu alterutrum tenentes, Flor. Verg. or. an poet. p. 106, 18 H.: osculantes se alterutrum, Vulg. 1. regg. 20, 41: u. adv. et vos alterutrum pedes lavate, Itala Ioann. 13, 14: dafür alterutro wie alterutro docentes, Tert. ad ux. 2, 8. Vgl. übh. Rönsch, Das neue Test. Tert. S. 705 f. Paucker Spicil. p. 7 sq. – / Über die Deklination von alteruter (bes. bei Cic.) s. Prisc. 8, 85 u. Osann Cic. de rep. 3, 6. p. 250 sq. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 2. S. 543 ff. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 37 u. 38.

    lateinisch-deutsches > alteruter

  • 5 alteruter

    alter-uter, alter-utra (häufiger als altera utra), alter-utrum (häufiger als alterum utrum), Genet. alterutrīus (häufiger als alterīus utrīus etc.), Dat. alterutri (archaist. als Genet. u. Dat. fem. alterutrae nach Charis. 159, 2), a) einer (eine, eines) von zweien od. beiden mit Ausschluß des andern, ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, Nep.: alteruter vestrum, Cic.: alteruter de filiis, Cic.: alteruter ex his duobus, Sen.: altera utra victoria, Liv.: non alterius utrius partis fuisse, Cic.: alterutri se fortunae parans, sich auf alle Fälle gefaßt machend, Vell.: si necessitas alterutri nostrum imminet, Sen.: video esse necesse alterutrum, Cic.: cum necesse sit alterum utrum vincere, Cic. – Plur., de alterutris (= utrisque) qui utramvis comprobat, numquam alteram refutat, Ps. Apul. de dogm. Plat. 3. p. 266 H.: quae inter se quantitate et qualitate contrariae alterutrae nominentur, ibid. – b) einer den andern, einander, manu alterutrum tenentes, Flor. Verg. or. an poet. p. 106, 18 H.: osculantes se alterutrum, Vulg. 1. regg. 20, 41: u. adv. et vos alterutrum pedes lavate, Itala Ioann. 13, 14: dafür alterutro wie alterutro docentes, Tert. ad ux. 2, 8. Vgl. übh. Rönsch, Das neue Test. Tert. S. 705 f. Paucker Spicil. p. 7 sq. – ⇒ Über die Deklination von alteruter (bes. bei Cic.) s. Prisc. 8, 85 u. Osann Cic. de rep. 3, 6. p. 250 sq. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 Bd. 2. S. 543
    ————
    ff. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 37 u. 38.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > alteruter

  • 6 alteruter

    altĕr-ŭter, altĕrūtra (more freq. than altera utra), altĕrūtrum (more freq. than alterum utrum), adj. (in the obliq. cas. arch. alterutrius, alterutri, etc.; cf. Prisc. p. 667; 693 P.; gen. and dat. f. alterutrae, Charis. p. 132 ib.).
    I.
    One of two, the one or the other, either, no matter which (rare but class.): AD. ALTERVTRVM. SIBI. REDD( iderunt), Carm. Fr. Arv. 28:

    video esse necesse alterutrum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18:

    si in alterutro peccandum sit, malo viderinimis timidusquam parum prudens,

    id. Marcell. 7; so id. Fam. 6, 3; 9, 6; id. Att. 10, 1; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8 fin.: Alterutrum velox victoria fronde coronet, * Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; Nep. Dion, 4, 1.—With both parts declined (prob. only in the two foll. exs.): alteriusutrius causā, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 693 P.: longitudo alteriusutrius, Cic. Prot. Fragm. ib.—
    II.
    = uterque, both: necessarium fuit alterutrum foris et sub dio esse, Col. praef. 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alteruter

  • 7 alteruter

    altĕrŭtĕr, utra, utrum [st1]1 [-] l'un ou l'autre, l'un des deux.    - alter + uter: le deuxième pronom se décline, parfois les deux, d'où les deux génitifs:    - alteriusutrius et alterutrius.    - gén. et dat. fém. sing. arch.: alterutrae, Gell.    - la décl. des deux éléments séparés existe aussi: altera utra Cic. Rep. 3, 62; Liv. 28, 41, 10; alterum utrum Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5 ; Nat. 1, 70, etc. ; alterius utrius Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2 ; Fam. 9, 6, 3 ; alteram utram Cic. Div. 2, 62 ; altero utro Cic. Br. 143 ; alterā utrā Varr. L. 8, 41; Liv. 8, 5, 6 II gén. et dat. f. arch. alterutrae, Char. 159, 2; Gell. 2, 11, 1.    - rem publicam alterutro exercitu privare, Caes. BC. 3, 29, 2: priver la république de l'une ou l'autre armée.    - si in alterutro peccandum sit, Cic. Marcell. 7: s'il faut pécher d'une manière ou de l'autre.    - alterutro latere, Plin.: d'un côté ou de l'autre.    - alteram utram ad condicionem descendere vult Caesar, Cic. Fam. 8: César veut bien se résigner à l'une des deux conditions.    - illud omnes ita judicabant neminem esse qui horum altero utro patrono cujusquam ingenium requireret, Cic. Brut.: tout le monde était du même avis: si l'on avait l'un des deux pour avocat, personne ne pouvait en trouver un meilleur. [st1]2 [-] [à la décad., réciprocité].    - alterutro ardore, Aug. Ep. 211, 10: d'une ardeur réciproque.    - adv. alterutro (alterutrum): réciproquement. --- Tert. Uxor. 2, 8; Flor. Verg. 184, 1, etc.    - ab (de, ex) alterutro: réciproquement. --- Aug. Ep. 127, 9; Tert. Monog. 10; Apol. 9.
    * * *
    altĕrŭtĕr, utra, utrum [st1]1 [-] l'un ou l'autre, l'un des deux.    - alter + uter: le deuxième pronom se décline, parfois les deux, d'où les deux génitifs:    - alteriusutrius et alterutrius.    - gén. et dat. fém. sing. arch.: alterutrae, Gell.    - la décl. des deux éléments séparés existe aussi: altera utra Cic. Rep. 3, 62; Liv. 28, 41, 10; alterum utrum Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5 ; Nat. 1, 70, etc. ; alterius utrius Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2 ; Fam. 9, 6, 3 ; alteram utram Cic. Div. 2, 62 ; altero utro Cic. Br. 143 ; alterā utrā Varr. L. 8, 41; Liv. 8, 5, 6 II gén. et dat. f. arch. alterutrae, Char. 159, 2; Gell. 2, 11, 1.    - rem publicam alterutro exercitu privare, Caes. BC. 3, 29, 2: priver la république de l'une ou l'autre armée.    - si in alterutro peccandum sit, Cic. Marcell. 7: s'il faut pécher d'une manière ou de l'autre.    - alterutro latere, Plin.: d'un côté ou de l'autre.    - alteram utram ad condicionem descendere vult Caesar, Cic. Fam. 8: César veut bien se résigner à l'une des deux conditions.    - illud omnes ita judicabant neminem esse qui horum altero utro patrono cujusquam ingenium requireret, Cic. Brut.: tout le monde était du même avis: si l'on avait l'un des deux pour avocat, personne ne pouvait en trouver un meilleur. [st1]2 [-] [à la décad., réciprocité].    - alterutro ardore, Aug. Ep. 211, 10: d'une ardeur réciproque.    - adv. alterutro (alterutrum): réciproquement. --- Tert. Uxor. 2, 8; Flor. Verg. 184, 1, etc.    - ab (de, ex) alterutro: réciproquement. --- Aug. Ep. 127, 9; Tert. Monog. 10; Apol. 9.
    * * *
        Alteruter, pen. corr. alterutra, alterutrum, alterutrius, pen. indiff. de duobus dicitur. Cic. L'un des deux, L'un ou l'autre.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > alteruter

  • 8 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 9 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 10 uterque

    ŭter-que, utrăque, utrumque ( gen. sing. utriusque, always with ĭ, Plaut. Truc [p. 1945] 4, 3, 20; Lucr. 4, 503; Cat. 68, 39; Hor. C. 3, 8, 5; Ov. M. 6, 506; old gen. and dat. sing. fem. utraeque, acc. to Charis. 2, 3, p. 132; gen. plur. utrumque, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129 B. and K.), pron., each (of two), either, each one, one and the other, one as well as the other, both (applied to two subjects regarded severally, while ambo regards the two as a pair; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 141, Anm. 2).
    I.
    Sing.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    With substt.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    imperator uterque hinc et illinc Jovi Vota suscipere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 74: tibi in utrāque parte pollet et pariter potest, Afran. ap. Non. p. 375, 5 (Com. Rel. v. 226 Rib.):

    causae utriusque figurae,

    Lucr. 4, 503; 4, 1212:

    quascumque (insulas) in liquentibus stagnis Marique vasto fert uterque Neptunus,

    Cat. 31, 3:

    parique fastigio steterit in utrāque fortunā,

    Nep. Att. 14, 2:

    docte sermones utriusque linguae,

    Greek and Latin, Hor. C. 3, 8, 5; cf.:

    insignis utriusque linguae monimentis,

    Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

    Quid... gentes ab utroque jacentes Oceano numerem?

    Ov. M. 15, 829:

    litora sub utroque jacentia Phoebo,

    i. e. the rising and the setting sun, id. ib. 1, 338:

    nutu (Jovis) tremefactus uterque Est polus,

    id. F. 2, 489:

    limes uterque poli,

    Stat. Th. 1, 157:

    deus est in utroque parente,

    father and mother, Ov. M. 13, 147:

    cum jam tempus esset deducendi ab Samnio exercitus aut utriusque aut certe alterius,

    Liv. 10, 44, 6:

    densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

    Verg. A. 5, 460:

    numen utriusque Dianae,

    Mart. Spect. 13, 5.—
    (β).
    Esp. in the phrase in utramque partem, in either way or direction, on both sides, for and against, etc.:

    vemens in utramque partem es nimis, Aut largitate nimiā aut parsimoniā,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 31:

    magnam vim esse in fortunā in utramque partem, vel ad secundas res, vel ad adversas, quis ignorat,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19; 2, 10, 37:

    in utramque partem disserere = pro et contra,

    id. Rep. 3, 6, 4; id. de Or. 3, 27, 107:

    utramque in partem multa dicuntur,

    id. Ac. 2, 39, 124:

    magna est vis conscientiae, et magna in utramque partem, ut neque timeant... et putent, etc.,

    id. Mil. 23, 61:

    suam sententiam in utramque partem esse tutam,

    on either assumption, Caes. B. G. 5, 29.—
    2.
    Absol.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    aequom'st, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur, Et mihi te et tibi me consulere,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

    conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

    verum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententiā,

    id. ib. 5, 69:

    sed uterque (sapiens appellatus est) alio quodam modo,

    Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

    ut aut uterque inter se aut neuter satis duret,

    id. Quint. 8, 30:

    tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,

    id. Rep. 2, 11, 22:

    quare qui utrumque voluit et potuit,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 6:

    uterque cum equitatu veniret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

    hic, qui utrumque probat, ambobus debuit uti,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 20: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 2;

    opp. unus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

    quod tibi non utriusque petenti copia facta'st,

    Cat. 68, 39:

    utque fide pignus dextras utriusque poposcit,

    Ov. M. 6, 506:

    vitium est utriusque,

    Mart. 3, 27, 3:

    cum esset et aequalis Mars utriusque,

    id. Spect. 29, 2.—
    (β).
    Esp., in apposit. with nouns or clauses:

    apud Antiphonem uterque, mater et pater, Quasi deditā operā domi erant,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 1:

    Maecenas atque Coccejus, missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

    Hor. S 1, 5, 28:

    ego utrumque meum puto esse, et quid sentiam ostendere et quod feceris defendere,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25.—With pron. understood:

    verum, Demea, Curemus aequam uterque partem,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50; so freq. with neutr. pron. where the gen. would be ambiguous (cf. 3. infra):

    id utrumque tardum fructum reddit,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 176: quod (aquam et pabulum) utrumque large palus praebere poterat, Auct. B. Alex. 1 fin. —Once with nom. masc.: nam qui instat alicui... aut contra de alicujus periculo festinatur, is uterque infestus dicitur, Nigid. ap. Gell 9, 12, 6.—
    3.
    With gen. part. (class. with pers. pronn., etc.; cf.

    Zumpt, Gr. § 429): utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 16:

    uterque nostrum id sibi suscipiendum putavit,

    id. Sull. 4, 13:

    horum uterque ita cecidit victus ut victor idem regnaverit... utrique horum secunda fortuna regnum est largita,

    id. Har. Resp. 25, 54:

    domus utriusque nostrum aedificatur strenue,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2: cum eorum, de quibus dicimus, aut utrumque, aut unum quodque certe concluditur verbo, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

    ante utriusque horum obitum,

    Vell. 2, 103, 1; v. also I. B. 1. and 3. infra.—Also with substt., accompanied by adj. pron.:

    earum enim rerum utramque a corde proficisci,

    Cic. Div. 1, 52, 119:

    quarum civitatum utraque foederata est,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

    quorum generum in utroque magnus noster Cato est,

    id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:

    utriusque harum rerum expers,

    id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65.—Rarely with substt. alone ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    et haec utinam Viscorum laudet uterque!

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 83:

    uterque legatorum et quisquis... remissi,

    Vell. 2, 50, 3:

    post utriusque adulescentium obitum,

    id. 2, 103, 2:

    obiit, utroque liberorum superstite, Tiberio Drusoque Neronibus,

    Suet. Tib. 4 fin. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    With plur. predic. (rare in the best prose; not in Cic.; cf.

    infra): uterque insaniunt,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 31:

    deinde uterque imperator in medium exeunt,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 68; cf. Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 1, A, 2, b, supra:

    facite ut uterque sublimiter stent,

    Cato, R. R. 70, 2:

    uterque eorum ex castris exercitum ducunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 30:

    illae (naves) conflixerunt, ut utraque ex concursu laborarent,

    id. ib. 2, 6:

    uterque cum illo gravis inimicitias exercebant,

    Sall. C. 49, 2:

    utraque festinant,

    Ov. M. 6, 59:

    uterque ambigui,

    Tac. H. 2, 97:

    uterque opibus perviguere,

    id. A. 4, 34:

    decernitur ut uterque in regnum restituantur,

    Just. 38, 3, 4; Val. Max. 5, 4, 6; Vell. 2, 66, 1; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 20; cf. plur. in consecutive clauses:

    hic cum uterque me intueretur, seseque ad audiendum significarent paratos,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 1 Madvig ad loc.:

    quorum utrumque audivi, cum mihi nihil sane praeter sedulitatem probarent, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 16.—
    2.
    With predicate in first or second person (mostly post-Aug.):

    sed uterque mensuram implevimus, ego et tu,

    Tac. A. 14, 54 init.:

    quid ergo inter me et te interest, si uterque habere volumus,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 1:

    uterque magnum beneficium dedistis,

    id. Contr. 4 (8), 24, 4:

    quod uterque cuperemus,

    Front. Ep. ad Am. 1, 5; cf. Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 14, II. B. infra.—
    3.
    In reciprocal uses, one... the other, each... the other, either... the other, one another, etc.
    (α).
    Uterque repeated in another case (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.):

    quia uterque utrique est cordi,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 17:

    cum uterque utrique esset exercitus in conspectu,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 35 (al. uterque utrimque):

    cum uterque utrique insidiaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 4, 1: uterque utrumque vituperato,

    Varr. Fragm. p. 131 Durdr.—
    (β).
    With a case of alter:

    ita est utraque res sine alterā debilis,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

    quorum uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

    id. Off. 1, 1, 4:

    cum enim uterque alteri obiciat, palam est utrumque fecisse,

    Quint. 11, 3, 168:

    invictum tamen ab altero utrumque servavit,

    Just. 6, 2, 9:

    arceri utrumque genus ab altero narrant,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 171; Cels. 5, 26, 35 fin.; Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. § 30.—
    II.
    Plur.
    A.
    Regularly of two parties, sets, or classes, each including a plurality: Praenestini et Lanuvini hospites: suopte utrosque decuit acceptos cibo, etc., Naev. ap. Macr. S. 3, 18, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 21 Rib.): non cauponantes bellum sed belligerantes, Ferro non auro vitam cernamus utrique, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 202 Vahl.):

    utrosque pergnovi probe,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 50:

    quoniam utrique Socratici et Platonici volumus esse,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

    a quibus utrisque (actoribus et poëtis) summittitur aliquid, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 26, 102:

    quos ego utrosque in eodem genere praedatorum direptorumque pono,

    id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    his utrisque (Atrebatis et Viromanduis) persuaserant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 16:

    Aetolorum utraeque manus Heracleam sese incluserunt,

    Liv. 36, 16, 5; Sall. J. 76, 4:

    utrique (plebis fautores et senatus) victoriam crudeliter exercebant,

    id. C. 38, 4; Suet. Claud. 21; cf.: hic igitur Q. Ligarius... nunc a te supplex fratris salutem petit: quam hujus admonitus officio cum utrisque his dederis, tris fratres optimos... rei publicae condonaveris, i. e. two brothers on one side and Ligarius on the other, Cic. Lig. 12, 36:

    Marius impigre suorum et hostium res pariter attendere, cognoscere, quid boni utrisque aut contra esset,

    Sall. J. 88, 2: cujus flamma ut ab oppidanis et oppugnatoribus est visa, utrisque venit in opinionem, etc., Nep. Milt. 7, 3.—So with collective nouns:

    primo impetu simul utraque cornua et Numidae pulsi,

    Liv. 30, 8, 7; cf.:

    utraque oppida,

    id. 42, 54, 8:

    utraeque nationes Rheno praetexuntur,

    Tac. G. 34.—
    B.
    Freq. also of two individual subjects, esp. when regarded as belonging together (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1175):

    nec clam te est quam illi utraeque nunc inutiles Et ad pudicitiam et ad rem tutandam sient,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 52:

    hoc beneficio utrique ab utrisque vero devincimini, Ut, etc.,

    id. Heaut. 2, 4, 14:

    utrique imperatores exeunt,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68 Ussing (Fleck., uterque imperator): sed qui utrosque error vos agitat, Expedibo, Pomp. ap. Non. 505, 7 (Com. Rel. v. 175 Rib.): suis utrisque superstitibus praesentibus istam viam dico, Leg. Form. ap. Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    binos habebam (scyphos): jnbeo promi utrosque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    duae fuerunt Ariovisti uxores... utraeque in eā fugā perierunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

    hi utrique ad urbem imperatores erant (Q. Marcius et Q. Metellus),

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    animus ferox inopia rei familiaris et conscientia scelerum, quae utraque eis artibus auxerat,

    id. ib. 5, 7:

    illa utrosque (patrem et aviam) intuens,

    Tac. A. 16, 11; id. Or. 2:

    palmas utrasque tetendit,

    Verg. A. 6, 685:

    quod utrorum Dionysiorum opibus Corinthi saepe adjuti fuerant,

    Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

    utrique (Mithridates et Datames) locum qui explorarent mittunt,

    id. Dat. 2, 2:

    laudare senis utraque consilia,

    Liv. 9, 12, 2:

    utrisque consulibus Italia decreta est,

    id. 27, 22, 2:

    in invidiā censores cum essent... Cn. Baebius diem ad populum utrisque dixit,

    id. 29, 37, 17; 32, 17, 15; 34, 25, 5;

    42, 54, 8: Suillium accusandis utrisque immittit,

    Tac. A. 11, 1 init.:

    Natalem multa cum Scaevino collocutum, et esse utrosque C. Pisonis intimos,

    id. ib. 15, 55 fin.:

    pater filiam, avia neptem, illa utrosque intuens,

    id. ib. 16, 11:

    nam Mago Cambyses aures utrasque praeciderat,

    Just. 1, 9, 17; 9, 7, 8:

    crederes imperatum, ut acies utraeque tela cohiberent,

    Curt. 7, 4, 35.—Hence,
    A.
    ŭtrōquĕ, adv.
    1.
    Lit., of place, to both places, parts, or sides, in both directions:

    utroque citius quam vellemus, cursum confecimus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1:

    exercitus utroque ducti,

    Liv. 8, 29, 7:

    jactantem utroque caput,

    Verg. A. 5, 469:

    nunc huc, nunc illuc et utroque sine ordine curro,

    Ov. H. 10, 19:

    nescit, utro potius ruat, et ruere ardet utroque,

    id. M. 5, 166. —
    2.
    Transf., in both directions, in either point of view, both ways, etc.:

    auctores utroque trahunt,

    Liv. 1, 24, 1:

    medium maxime et moderatum utroque consilium,

    id. 2, 30, 1:

    utroque firmiores qui in callibus versentur,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1.—
    (β).
    Esp., connected with versum ( vorsum; sometimes written in one word, utroqueversum):

    utroque vorsum rectum est ingenium meum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 8: accidit, ut quaedam vocabula ambigua sint et utroque versum dicantur, i. e. in a twofold sense, denoting augmentation or diminution, Gell. 5, 12, 10.—
    B.
    ŭtrasquĕ, adv. (acc. to the analogy of alias, alteras), both times (ante-class.): in Hispaniā pugnatum bis: utrasque nostri loco moti, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. 183, 24; Caecil. ib. 183, 25.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > uterque

  • 11 educo

    1. ēduco, āvī, ātum, āre (Intens. v. 2. educo), aufziehen, auffüttern, ernähren, physisch u. moralisch erziehen, im Passiv educari oft = aufmachsen (vgl. R. Klotz zu Ciceros Reden 1. S. LXI s. Mützell Curt. 3, 12 [31], 16), a) v. leb. Subjj.: α) Menschen: alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm bene pudiceque, Plaut.: filiam clam, Ter.: alqm liberius, Sen.: alqm humili cultu, Liv.: educari sine deliciis (einfach), Sen. rhet.: pater mihi reliquit parvum tugurium, in quo natus educatusque sum, Liv.: gremio ac sinu matris educari, Tac.: alcis cibo et sumptu educari, Plaut.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: montes, apud quos erat educatus, Flor.: educatus in domo Periclis, Nep., in eadem domo, Ps. Quint. decl.: in matris sinu indulgentiaque educatus, Tac.: homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic.: honeste educatus, Vitr.: in honesta familia institutus et educatus ingenue, Cic.: ad turpitudinem educatus, Cic.: puerum tradere alci educandum, Quint. – poet., educ. senectam alcis, jmd. im Alter ernähren, Ov. – β) Tiere: animalia, quibus abest ars et sedulitas educandi, Fronto: pullum asininum educari paleis, feno, hordeo, Varro: in educando perfacile apparet aliud quiddam iis (bestiis) propositum, Cic. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros, Hor.: non ager hic pomum, non dulces educat uvas, Ov. – übtr., educata huius nutri-
    ————
    mentis eloquentia, von ihr genährt u. gepflegt, Cic. or. 42.
    ————————
    2. ē-dūco, dūxī, ductum, ere, I) herausziehen, -führen, A) herausziehen, 1) im allg.: gladium, Caes.: gladium e vagina, Cic.: radicem e terra, Varro: e certis armariis infinita volumina, Vitr.: corpore telum cruentum, Cornif. rhet.: pisces everriculo in litus, Varro: diductis labris (boum) linguam, Col.: oculos, ausreißen, Sen. – 2) insbes.: a) als t.t. der Geburtshilfe, das Kind herausziehen, infans per manus commodius educitur, Cels.: demitti debet uncus..., deinde attractus infantem educet, Cels. – b) als t.t. beim Losen, ziehen, sortem, Cic.: alqm ex urna, Cic.: tribus, Cic. – c) ausziehen = austrinken, Plaut. Amph. 430 u.a. – d) ausbrüten, pullos suos, Plaut.: foetum, Plin. – e) das Fazit einer Rechnung erschöpfend ziehen, eam rationem, dieses genau berechnen, Plaut. truc. 24 Schoell. – B) herausführen, 1) im allg.: inde educere, Liv.: ex urbe, Liv.: e carcere, Sen.: e navi, Suet.: hominem de senatu, Cic.: alqm de vinculis audiendum (zum Verhör), Amm.: uxorem a domo secum, mitnehmen, Caes.: medicum secum, Cic.: se multitudini, sich über die M. erheben, Sen. de vita beata 2, 3: m. dopp. Acc., hos secum milites (als S.), Cic. – m. Ang. wohin? = hin-, weg-, hervorführen, alqm huc foras, Plaut.: citius me eduxi foras, ich habe mich fortgemacht, Ter.: populum e comitio in septem iugera forensia, Varro: alqm secum rus, mitnehmen,
    ————
    Cic.: alqm in provinciam, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t., Truppen usw. aus einem Orte herausführen, ausrücken-, ausmarschieren lassen, cohortes, Caes.: cohortes ex urbe, Caes.: copias castris u. e castris, Caes.: exercitum ab urbe, Liv. – exercitum in expeditionem, Cic.: copias in aciem, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 3, 62, 5): copias adversus alqm, Frontin. – b) als publiz. t.t., jmd. vor Gericht führen, alqm in ius, Cic.: alqm ad consules u. bl. educere alqm, Cic. – c) zur Bestrafung abführen, alqm ad tintinnaculos viros, Plaut. truc. 782. – d) als naut. t.t., ein Schiff aus dem Hafen herausführen, auslaufen lassen, naves, Caes.: naves ex portu, Caes.: classem portu, Plin. – e) aus einem Lande ausführen, equos ex Italia, Liv. 43, 5, 9. – f) ein Wasser hin- od. ableiten, lacum, Cic.: aquam in fossas, Plin.: in fundum, ICt. – g) ein Bauwerk in ein Gewässer hinausbauen, moles, quam eductam in Rhenum rettulimus, Tac. hist. 5, 18. – h) ein Bauwerk vorschieben, claudebat pontem imposita turris et in extremam navem educta, Tac. bist. 2, 34. – II) in die Höhe führen, -ziehen, A) in die Luft emporführen, 1) eig.: alqm superas sub auras, Verg.: im Bilde, in astra, bis zu den Sternen erheben, hoch preisen, Hor. – 2) übtr.: a) emporführen = errichten, turris summis sub astra educta tectis, Verg.: turres altius, Tac. – b) ein Kind, ein Junges aufziehen, erziehen, groß ziehen (vgl. Drak.
    ————
    u. Fabri Liv. 21, 43, 15. Mützell Curt. 3,12 [31], 16), alqm, Komik., Cic. u.a.: serum regem, Verg.: alqm a parvulo, Ter.: alqm bene et pudice, Ter.: eductus in contubernio legionum, Tac.: hic (pullus) ita eductus, Varro. – poet. v. Lebl., aura distinctos educit verna colores, zieht heran, Catull. 64, 90. – B) was niedergelassen ist aufziehen, ubi tolluntur festis aulaea theatris, surgere signa solent, primumque ostendere vultus, cetera paulatim; placidoque educta (sc. signa) tenore tota patent, Ov. met. 3, 111 sqq. – III) eine Zeit fort-, hinausführen = hinbringen, zubringen, verleben, pios annos, Prop.: dena saecula, Sen.: insomnem noctem ludo, Stat.: somnos sub hiberno caelo, Sil. – ⇒ Alter Imperat. educe, Plaut. Pers. 459; Stich. 762 (aber educ, Cic. Cat. 1, 10. Ps. Augustin. serm. app. 71, 9): parag. Infin. Pass. educier, Plaut. truc. 908.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > educo

  • 12 educo [1]

    1. ēduco, āvī, ātum, āre (Intens. v. 2. educo), aufziehen, auffüttern, ernähren, physisch u. moralisch erziehen, im Passiv educari oft = aufmachsen (vgl. R. Klotz zu Ciceros Reden 1. S. LXI s. Mützell Curt. 3, 12 [31], 16), a) v. leb. Subjj.: α) Menschen: alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm bene pudiceque, Plaut.: filiam clam, Ter.: alqm liberius, Sen.: alqm humili cultu, Liv.: educari sine deliciis (einfach), Sen. rhet.: pater mihi reliquit parvum tugurium, in quo natus educatusque sum, Liv.: gremio ac sinu matris educari, Tac.: alcis cibo et sumptu educari, Plaut.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: montes, apud quos erat educatus, Flor.: educatus in domo Periclis, Nep., in eadem domo, Ps. Quint. decl.: in matris sinu indulgentiaque educatus, Tac.: homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic.: honeste educatus, Vitr.: in honesta familia institutus et educatus ingenue, Cic.: ad turpitudinem educatus, Cic.: puerum tradere alci educandum, Quint. – poet., educ. senectam alcis, jmd. im Alter ernähren, Ov. – β) Tiere: animalia, quibus abest ars et sedulitas educandi, Fronto: pullum asininum educari paleis, feno, hordeo, Varro: in educando perfacile apparet aliud quiddam iis (bestiis) propositum, Cic. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros, Hor.: non ager hic pomum, non dulces educat uvas, Ov. – übtr., educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia, von ihr genährt u. gepflegt, Cic. or. 42.

    lateinisch-deutsches > educo [1]

  • 13 magnus

    māgnus, a, um (altind. mahánt-, griech. μέγας, gotisch mikils, ahd. mihhil), Compar. māior, us, Superl. māximus (māxumus), a, um, groß (Ggstz. parvus, parvulus, exiguus, minutus, minusculus), I) eig.: 1) von räuml. Größe, a) groß = weit, hoch, lang, insula, Cic.: mare (vgl. no. b), Sall.: maximum flumen, Curt. – navis magna (Ggstz. parva), Hor.: m. et pulchra domus, Cic.: oppidum maximum, Caes. – litterae (Buchstaben) maximae, Cic.: epistula maxima (Ggstz. minuscula, Cic. – quercus, hohe, Enn.: mons, Catull.: acervus, Cic. u. Verg. – magni membrorum artus, magna ossa, Verg.: magni crines, Spart.: capillus et barba magna, Varro: capillatior quam ante et barbā maiore, Cic.: maximā barbā et capillo, Cic. – nequam et m. homo, langer Mensch (Kerl), Lucil. 1221; vgl. im Doppelsinne qui scribis Priami proelia, m. homo es, Mart.: magnum me faciam, ich will mich groß machen, mich strecken, Plaut.: elephanti flumen transituri minimos antemittunt, ne maiorum ingressu alveum atterant, Solin. – m. Infin., maior videri, stattlicher anzuschauen (= ein höheres Wesen), Verg. Aen. 6, 49. – subst., incensae urbis in maius restitutio, Wiederaufbau u. Vergrößerung, Iustin.: reficere in melius et in maius, verbessern (verschönern) u. vergrößern, Plin. ep. – b) insbes., von angeschwollenen Gewässern, groß = hoch, hochgehend, aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt, Liv.: mare (μεγάλη θάλαττα), Lucr. u. Sall. (vgl. oben no. a). – magnus fluens Nilus, Verg. georg. 3, 28: u. so prout ille (Nilus) magnus influxit aut parcior, Sen. nat. qu. 4, 2, 2 (vgl. Thuc. 2, 5, 2 ὁ Ἀσωπος ποταμος εῤῥύη μέγας).

    2) v. numerischer Größe, a) = der Zahl, Menge, numerischen Stärke, dem Gewichte nach groß, bedeutend beträchtlich, bei Kollektiven auch = viel, zahlreich, frumenti magnus, maximus numerus, Caes.u. Cic., quam maximus numerus, Caes.: copia pabuli, Caes.: pecunia, Nep.: maiore pecuniā opus erat, Liv.: pecunia mutua, Cic.: magnas pecunias in provincia collocatas habere, Cic.: maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse, Cic. – multitudo peditatus, Caes.: populus, Verg. u. Plin. ep.: magno cum comitatu, Caes.: parato magno potius quam ingenti exercitu, Vopisc.: maior frequentiorque legatio, Liv.: pars, ein großer Teil, d.i. sehr viele, Cic.: magnā parte veterum militum dimissā, Liv.: maior pars, Caes.: maxima pars hominum, Hor.: dah. magnā parte, großenteils, maximā parte, größtenteils, Sall. u. Liv.: so auch magnam u. maximam partem, Cic. u. Caes. – Genet. subst., magni, um vieles, viel, magni refert, Lucr.: magni interest, Cic. – b) v. numerischen Werte = hoch, bedeutend, erheblich, beträchtlich, kostspielig, kostbar, ornatus muliebris pretii maioris, Cic.: operibus pretium maius invenire, Phaedr.: hominem maximi pretii esse, viel Geld wert, d.i. sehr brauchbar, Ter. – quaestus magnus et evidens (Ggstz. qu. minimus et sordidus), Auct. b. Alex.: magna munera et maiora promissa, Sall.: cultus maior censu, Hor.: cultus maximi, Flor. – dah. der Abl. u. Genet. magno u. magni als Bestimmung des Wertes, hoch, teuer (sehr selten maioris, höher, teuerer, maximi, am höchsten, sehr hoch, wofür gew. pluris u. plurimi stehen), magno emere, vendere, conducere, Cic.: magno constare, Plin. ep.: magno (sc. constat) hospitium miserabile, Iuven.: magno illi stetit victoria, übtr. = kam ihm teuer zu stehen, kostete viel Blut, Liv.: multo maioris alapae mecum veneunt, Phaedr. – v. inneren Werte, magni aestimare, α) = hochschätzen, Cic.: häufiger magno aestimare, Cic. u.a. β) = für von hohem Werte-, für wichtig halten, Flor.: so auch magni existimare, Nep.: magni, maximi facere, Komik., Cic. u.a. – magni esse, α) = viel gelten, apud alqm, Cic. β) von hohem Werte-, von Wichtigkeit sein, Nep. 3) v. dynamischer Größe, a) v. Naturkräften, stark, heftig, vis solis, Lucr.: ventus, Plaut.: flatus (ventorum) maiore illati pondere incursuque, Plin. – b) v. Eindrücken auf das Gehör, groß = stark, laut, vox (Ggstz. parva, schwache), Cic.: clamor, Cic.: stridor, murmur, Verg.: maior sonus, Curt. – poet. neutr. Sing. adverb., magnum clamare, laut rufen, Plaut.: magnum sonare, Mela: magna sonare, Acc. fr.: exclamare maius, Cic. Tusc. 2, 56: maximum exclamare, Plaut.

    II) übtr.: A) v. der Größe der Zeit: 1) von der Zeitdauer, groß, beträchtlich (an Zahl der Tage; Ggstz. brevis) = lang, annus, Verg.: anni, Lucr.: menses, Verg. – insbes., annus, das große Weltjahr, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 51 u. Cic. fr. b. Tac. dial. 16. – magno tempore, in langer Zeit, Petron. u. Iustin.: magno post tempore, nach langer Zeit, Iustin.

    2) vom früheren, höheren Alter: a) früh, hoch, cum esset magno natu, von hohem Alter, bejahrt, Nep.: magno natu principes, Liv.: filius maximo natu, Nep.- maior patria, das frühere, ältere Vaterland, von Karthago = die Mutterstadt, Curt. 4, 3 (15), 22. – b) insbes., v. Pers., im Compar. u. Superl., mit u. ohne natu od. annis, der ältere, der älteste, α) v. Lebensalter: maior natu (Ggstz. aequalis, gleichalterig), Suet.: natu maior frater, Cic.: maximus natu e filiis, Liv.: una e multis, maxima natu, Pyrgo, Verg.: ebenso maior, maximus aevo, Ov. – virgo minor quam annos sex, maior quam annos decem nata, Gell.: liberi maiores iam quindecim annos nati, Liv.: u. ohne quam annos natus maior quadraginta, Cic.: non maior quinquaginta annis, Liv.: ne sint (feminae equi) minores trimae, maiores decem annorum, Varro: obsides non minores octonum denum annorum, neu maiores quinum quadragenum, Liv. Vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 38, 38, 15. – annos nata est sedecim, non maior, nicht älter, nicht drüber, Ter. – versch. bei Angabe des Unterschieds des Alters, biennio quam nos fortasse maior, Cic. – absol., frater maior, Ter.: ex duobus filiis maior, Caes.: Ser. Sulpicio maior (filia), minor Licinio Stoloni (nupta) erat, Liv.: maior Neronum, Hor.: sororum maxima, Ov.: maior erus, der alte Herr, Hausherr, der Alte (Ggstz. minor e.), Plaut.: Gelo maximus stirpis, Liv.: virgo Vestalis maxima u. virgo maxima, s. Vestālisu. virgo. – subst., maior, f., eine Ältere, ut nubere vellet maior iuniori (einen Jüngeren), Apul. apol. 27. – maiores natu, die älteren Leute, die Alten, Cic. u.a., u. insbes., die Alten = der Senat, Liv. – auch bl. maiores = die Älteren, die Alten, Hor.: u. die Erwachsenen (Ggstz. pueri), Varro LL. 9, 16. – als jurist. t. t., maior, mündig, der Mündige (Ggstz. minor), ICt. – bei Ausdrücken der Verwandtschaft bezeichnet magnus den vierten, maior den fünften u. maximus den sechsten Grad, wie avunculus magnus, maior, maximus, s. avunculus, amita u. dgl. – β) v. Zeitalter: Cyrus maior, Lact. 4, 5, 7: quaerere, uter maior aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, non magis ad rem pertinet quam scire, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena, quare tam male tulerit aetatem, Sen. ep. 88, 6. – bes. subst., maiores, die Vorfahren, Ahnen, Cic. u.a.: u. dass. maiores natu, Nep.: maiores auch von einem Vorfahren, Ahnen, Varro r. r. (v. Stolo) u. Cic. (v. Appius).

    B) von Umfang, Bedeutung, Geltung, Wichtigkeit menschlicher Verhältnisse aller Art = groß, bedeutend, beträchtlich, ansehnlich, wichtig, oft wie bedeutend, mit dem Nbbegr. des Schwierigen, Gefahrvollen (Ggstz. parvus), 1) im allg.: magni u. maximi ludi, die großen, die ältesten Spiele in Rom, jährlich am 7. Sept. gefeiert, Cic. – mercatura, ein großer, ausgebreiteter Handel (Ggstz. m. tenuis), Cic.: magna et ampla negotia, Cic.: magnae parvaeque res (Taten), Enn.: magnae res (Angelegenheiten), Tac.: maiores res appetere, nach höheren Dingen streben, Nep. – testimonium, ein ansehnliches, ehrenvolles, Cic.: causa, Cic.: magnae et graves causae, Plin. ep.: iudicium, Cic.: magno casu accĭdit, durch einen wichtigen Umstand, besonderen Glücksfall, Caes.: ebenso magnae fuit fortunae, Caes.: aber saepe parvis momentis magni casus intercedunt, bedeutende Wechselfälle des Glücks, Caes.: ebenso res magnum habet casum (Risiko), Planc. in Cic. ep. – m. dem Nbbgr. des Schwierigen, magnum opus et arduum, Cic.; vgl. id magnum et arduum est, Cic.; u. quod eo maius est illi (schwieriger für ihn), Cic.: magnum quoddam est onus atque munus, Cic.: bellum m. atque difficile, m. et atrox, Cic. u. Sall. – v. wichtigen u. gefahrvollen Zeiten, dringend, rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus, Cic.: maxima rei publicae tempora, die Zeiten der dringendsten Gefahr, griech. μέγιστοι καιροί, Cic. – magnum est (es ist eine große, schwierige Aufgabe, es gehört viel dazu) m. Infin., zB. magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud verum, Cic. Acad. 1, 7: eicere nos magnum fuit, excludere facile est, Cic. ep. 14, 3, 2: so auch quod si magnum putarem caducum deicere, Apul. apol. 35. p. 56, 1 Kr. – m. 2. Supin., haud magna memoratu res est, Liv. 38, 29, 3. – parenthet., quod maius est, was noch mehr sagen will, Cic.: ebenso quod maximum est, Plaut. – neutr. pl. subst., magna curant di, parva neglegunt, Cic.: ut alia magna et egregia tua omittam, Sall.: u. im Compar., multo maiora et meliora fecit, Cic.: maiora concupiscere, zu hoch hinauswollen, Nep.: maiora moliri in urbe, Suet.: im Superl., illa maxima atque amplissima, Cic. – poet v. Jahre u. den Jahreszeiten, bedeutend dem Ertrage nach, sehr fruchtbar, annus, Stat. u. Lucan.: maior autumnus, Mart.

    2) v. der Größe der menschl. Stellung, a) der Macht, dem Vermögen nach groß, hochstehend, angesehen, mächtig, reich, maior invidiā, über den Neid erhaben, Hor.: maior reprensis, über die Getadelten erhaben, Hor. – v. mächtigen Personen u. Staaten, propter summam nobilitatem et singularem potentiam magnus erat, Cic.: potentior et maior, im Besitz von mehr Macht u. Ansehen, Nep.: m. adiutor, Hor.: Iuppiter, manus Iovis, Hor.: Iuppiter optimus maximus (der allmächtige), Cic.: praetor maximus (in den ältesten Zeiten = Diktator), Liv.: sacerdos, der ehrwürdige, Verg.: tellure marique magnus, Hor.: homo summae potentiae et magnae cognationis, Caes.: civitas magna atque opulenta, oppidum m. atque valens, Sall.: maximam hanc rem (Staat) fecerunt, Liv. – v. Vornehmen u. Reichen, magni pueri magnis e centurionibus orti, Hor.: m. pater, eques, Hor. – subst., nulla aut magno aut parvo fuga leti, Hor.: cum magnis vixisse, Hor.: maiorum fames, Hor.: Ggstz., adversus minores humanitas, adversus maiores reverentia, Sen.: maximi imique, die Höchsten u. Niedrigsten, Sen. – b) dem Talente, der Geschicklichkeit, den Verdiensten nach, α) groß, angesehen, achtungswert, geschickt u. dgl., o magnum hominem! Cic.: nemo vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino umquam fuit, Cic.: magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace, Nep.: oft verb. magnus et clarus, clarus et magnus, Cic. u.a. (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 53, 2). – als Beiname, Pompeius Magnus, Alexander Magnus, Cic. u.a.: Plur., Magnos et Felices et Augustos diximus, wir haben den einen den Großen, den anderen den Glücklichen, den dritten den Erlauchten genannt, Sen. de clem. 1, 14, 2. – β) im üblen Sinne, groß in Verschlagenheit usw., durch trieben, fur, Cic.: nebulo, Ter. – prägn. = zu groß, Alexander orbi (für den Erdkreis) magnus est, Alexandro orbis angustus (zu eng), Sen. suas. 1, 3.

    3) von intensiver Stärke: a) menschlicher Lebens-und Gemütszustände, groß, gewaltig, auffallend, schwer, stark, heftig, arg, labor, Hor.: morbus, Cels.: morbus maior, die größere, gewaltigere (v. der Epilepsie), Cels. (vgl. Apul. apol. 50): periculum, Caes.: gratia, Caes. (vgl. gratia). – infamia, Cic.: opprobrium, Hor.: magno sit animo (Mut), Caes.; vgl. corpore maior spiritus (Mut) et incessus, Hor.: virtus, Caes.: multo maior alacritas studiumque pugnandi, Caes.: maiore eloquentiā, gravitate, studio, contentione, Cic. – spes, Nep.: gaudium, Sall.: voluptas, Ter.: dolor, Caes. – vitium, peccatum, Hor.: adulteria, inimicitiae, auffallende, Aufsehen erregende, Tac. (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 2, 11): maius malum est hoc, Sen. – Compar. subst., nihil maius minari posse, quam etc., nichts Schlimmeres, Sen. – bes. in maius, ins zu Große = größer, als es ist, als nötig ist, vergrößernd, übertrieben, übermäßig, bei den Verben extollere (verbis), celebrare, componere u.a., b. Sall., Liv., Hor. u.a. (s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 73, 5 u. Liv. 21, 32, 7): so auch in maius ferri, nuntiari, vergrößert, übertrieben werden, Liv. u. Tac.: in maius credi, für schlimmer, ärger gehalten werden, Tac.: in maius augere desiderium, Iustin. – b) des Ausdrucks, stark, gewaltig, übertrieben, verba magna, quae rei augendae causā conquirantur, Liv.: magnis sermonibus res secundas celebrare, d.i. viel Redens und Aufhebens machen von usw., Liv.: magnae minae, Cic.: magna illa consulum imperia, strenge, Sall.

    4) von der Größe der Gesinnung, der Gemüts-und Denkart, a) im guten Sinne, groß, stark, hoch, hochherzig, fuit et animo magno et corpore, Nep.: animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: quemquam stabili et firmo et magno animo (quem fortem virum dicimus) effici posse, Cic.; vgl. mens maior humanā, Sil.: magno pectore praesentit curas, Verg. – u. übtr., von der Person selbst, groß, hochherzig, edel, amice magne, Cur. in Cic. ep.: animo magnus, maior imperio, Plin.: quo quis maior, magis est placabilis irae, et faciles motus mens generosa capit, Ov.: vgl. nihil magno et praeclaro viro dignius placabilitate, Cic. – b) im üblen Sinne, hochfahrend, stolz, omnibus nobis ut dant res sese, ita magni atque humiles sumus, Ter. – u. in bezug auf die Rede, groß = hochfahrend, großprahlerisch, lingua (wie μεγάλη γλῶσσα), Hor.: magna verba (wie μεγάλοι λόγοι), Verg., Sen. u.a.: maxima verba, Prop. – dixerat ille aliquid magnum, hatte große Reden geführt, sehr geprahlt, Verg. – ebenso subst., magna loqui, magna magnifice loqui (wie μέγα εἰπειν, μέγα μυθεισθαι, μεγάλα λέγειν), Ov. u. Tibull.; vgl. Passerat. Prop. 2, 19, 71. Mitscherl. Hor. carm. 4, 6, 2. Broukh. Tibull. 2, 6, 11.

    5) von der Größe der Geistesanlagen, groß, hoch, erhaben, ingenium, Cic.: indoles, Hor., Stat. u.a. (s. Markl. Stat. silv. 3, 3, 68. p. 279 ed. Dresd.).

    lateinisch-deutsches > magnus

  • 14 magnus

    māgnus, a, um (altind. mahánt-, griech. μέγας, gotisch mikils, ahd. mihhil), Compar. māior, us, Superl. māximus (māxumus), a, um, groß (Ggstz. parvus, parvulus, exiguus, minutus, minusculus), I) eig.: 1) von räuml. Größe, a) groß = weit, hoch, lang, insula, Cic.: mare (vgl. no. b), Sall.: maximum flumen, Curt. – navis magna (Ggstz. parva), Hor.: m. et pulchra domus, Cic.: oppidum maximum, Caes. – litterae (Buchstaben) maximae, Cic.: epistula maxima (Ggstz. minuscula, Cic. – quercus, hohe, Enn.: mons, Catull.: acervus, Cic. u. Verg. – magni membrorum artus, magna ossa, Verg.: magni crines, Spart.: capillus et barba magna, Varro: capillatior quam ante et barbā maiore, Cic.: maximā barbā et capillo, Cic. – nequam et m. homo, langer Mensch (Kerl), Lucil. 1221; vgl. im Doppelsinne qui scribis Priami proelia, m. homo es, Mart.: magnum me faciam, ich will mich groß machen, mich strecken, Plaut.: elephanti flumen transituri minimos antemittunt, ne maiorum ingressu alveum atterant, Solin. – m. Infin., maior videri, stattlicher anzuschauen (= ein höheres Wesen), Verg. Aen. 6, 49. – subst., incensae urbis in maius restitutio, Wiederaufbau u. Vergrößerung, Iustin.: reficere in melius et in maius, verbessern (verschönern) u. vergrößern, Plin. ep. – b) insbes., von angeschwollenen Gewässern, groß = hoch, hochgehend, aquae
    ————
    magnae bis eo anno fuerunt, Liv.: mare (μεγάλη θάλαττα), Lucr. u. Sall. (vgl. oben no. a). – magnus fluens Nilus, Verg. georg. 3, 28: u. so prout ille (Nilus) magnus influxit aut parcior, Sen. nat. qu. 4, 2, 2 (vgl. Thuc. 2, 5, 2 ὁ Ἀσωπος ποταμος εῤῥύη μέγας).
    2) v. numerischer Größe, a) = der Zahl, Menge, numerischen Stärke, dem Gewichte nach groß, bedeutend beträchtlich, bei Kollektiven auch = viel, zahlreich, frumenti magnus, maximus numerus, Caes.u. Cic., quam maximus numerus, Caes.: copia pabuli, Caes.: pecunia, Nep.: maiore pecuniā opus erat, Liv.: pecunia mutua, Cic.: magnas pecunias in provincia collocatas habere, Cic.: maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse, Cic. – multitudo peditatus, Caes.: populus, Verg. u. Plin. ep.: magno cum comitatu, Caes.: parato magno potius quam ingenti exercitu, Vopisc.: maior frequentiorque legatio, Liv.: pars, ein großer Teil, d.i. sehr viele, Cic.: magnā parte veterum militum dimissā, Liv.: maior pars, Caes.: maxima pars hominum, Hor.: dah. magnā parte, großenteils, maximā parte, größtenteils, Sall. u. Liv.: so auch magnam u. maximam partem, Cic. u. Caes. – Genet. subst., magni, um vieles, viel, magni refert, Lucr.: magni interest, Cic. – b) v. numerischen Werte = hoch, bedeutend, erheblich, beträchtlich, kostspielig, kostbar, ornatus muliebris pretii maioris,
    ————
    Cic.: operibus pretium maius invenire, Phaedr.: hominem maximi pretii esse, viel Geld wert, d.i. sehr brauchbar, Ter. – quaestus magnus et evidens (Ggstz. qu. minimus et sordidus), Auct. b. Alex.: magna munera et maiora promissa, Sall.: cultus maior censu, Hor.: cultus maximi, Flor. – dah. der Abl. u. Genet. magno u. magni als Bestimmung des Wertes, hoch, teuer (sehr selten maioris, höher, teuerer, maximi, am höchsten, sehr hoch, wofür gew. pluris u. plurimi stehen), magno emere, vendere, conducere, Cic.: magno constare, Plin. ep.: magno (sc. constat) hospitium miserabile, Iuven.: magno illi stetit victoria, übtr. = kam ihm teuer zu stehen, kostete viel Blut, Liv.: multo maioris alapae mecum veneunt, Phaedr. – v. inneren Werte, magni aestimare, α) = hochschätzen, Cic.: häufiger magno aestimare, Cic. u.a. β) = für von hohem Werte-, für wichtig halten, Flor.: so auch magni existimare, Nep.: magni, maximi facere, Komik., Cic. u.a. – magni esse, α) = viel gelten, apud alqm, Cic. β) von hohem Werte-, von Wichtigkeit sein, Nep. 3) v. dynamischer Größe, a) v. Naturkräften, stark, heftig, vis solis, Lucr.: ventus, Plaut.: flatus (ventorum) maiore illati pondere incursuque, Plin. – b) v. Eindrücken auf das Gehör, groß = stark, laut, vox (Ggstz. parva, schwache), Cic.: clamor, Cic.: stridor, murmur, Verg.: maior sonus, Curt. – poet. neutr. Sing. adverb., magnum
    ————
    clamare, laut rufen, Plaut.: magnum sonare, Mela: magna sonare, Acc. fr.: exclamare maius, Cic. Tusc. 2, 56: maximum exclamare, Plaut.
    II) übtr.: A) v. der Größe der Zeit: 1) von der Zeitdauer, groß, beträchtlich (an Zahl der Tage; Ggstz. brevis) = lang, annus, Verg.: anni, Lucr.: menses, Verg. – insbes., annus, das große Weltjahr, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 51 u. Cic. fr. b. Tac. dial. 16. – magno tempore, in langer Zeit, Petron. u. Iustin.: magno post tempore, nach langer Zeit, Iustin.
    2) vom früheren, höheren Alter: a) früh, hoch, cum esset magno natu, von hohem Alter, bejahrt, Nep.: magno natu principes, Liv.: filius maximo natu, Nep.- maior patria, das frühere, ältere Vaterland, von Karthago = die Mutterstadt, Curt. 4, 3 (15), 22. – b) insbes., v. Pers., im Compar. u. Superl., mit u. ohne natu od. annis, der ältere, der älteste, α) v. Lebensalter: maior natu (Ggstz. aequalis, gleichalterig), Suet.: natu maior frater, Cic.: maximus natu e filiis, Liv.: una e multis, maxima natu, Pyrgo, Verg.: ebenso maior, maximus aevo, Ov. – virgo minor quam annos sex, maior quam annos decem nata, Gell.: liberi maiores iam quindecim annos nati, Liv.: u. ohne quam annos natus maior quadraginta, Cic.: non maior quinquaginta annis, Liv.: ne sint (feminae equi) minores trimae, maiores decem annorum, Varro: obsides non minores octonum denum annorum, neu
    ————
    maiores quinum quadragenum, Liv. Vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 38, 38, 15. – annos nata est sedecim, non maior, nicht älter, nicht drüber, Ter. – versch. bei Angabe des Unterschieds des Alters, biennio quam nos fortasse maior, Cic. – absol., frater maior, Ter.: ex duobus filiis maior, Caes.: Ser. Sulpicio maior (filia), minor Licinio Stoloni (nupta) erat, Liv.: maior Neronum, Hor.: sororum maxima, Ov.: maior erus, der alte Herr, Hausherr, der Alte (Ggstz. minor e.), Plaut.: Gelo maximus stirpis, Liv.: virgo Vestalis maxima u. virgo maxima, s. Vestalis u. virgo. – subst., maior, f., eine Ältere, ut nubere vellet maior iuniori (einen Jüngeren), Apul. apol. 27. – maiores natu, die älteren Leute, die Alten, Cic. u.a., u. insbes., die Alten = der Senat, Liv. – auch bl. maiores = die Älteren, die Alten, Hor.: u. die Erwachsenen (Ggstz. pueri), Varro LL. 9, 16. – als jurist. t. t., maior, mündig, der Mündige (Ggstz. minor), ICt. – bei Ausdrücken der Verwandtschaft bezeichnet magnus den vierten, maior den fünften u. maximus den sechsten Grad, wie avunculus magnus, maior, maximus, s. avunculus, amita u. dgl. – β) v. Zeitalter: Cyrus maior, Lact. 4, 5, 7: quaerere, uter maior aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, non magis ad rem pertinet quam scire, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena, quare tam male tulerit aetatem, Sen. ep. 88, 6. – bes. subst., maiores, die Vorfahren, Ahnen, Cic. u.a.: u. dass.
    ————
    maiores natu, Nep.: maiores auch von einem Vorfahren, Ahnen, Varro r. r. (v. Stolo) u. Cic. (v. Appius).
    B) von Umfang, Bedeutung, Geltung, Wichtigkeit menschlicher Verhältnisse aller Art = groß, bedeutend, beträchtlich, ansehnlich, wichtig, oft wie bedeutend, mit dem Nbbegr. des Schwierigen, Gefahrvollen (Ggstz. parvus), 1) im allg.: magni u. maximi ludi, die großen, die ältesten Spiele in Rom, jährlich am 7. Sept. gefeiert, Cic. – mercatura, ein großer, ausgebreiteter Handel (Ggstz. m. tenuis), Cic.: magna et ampla negotia, Cic.: magnae parvaeque res (Taten), Enn.: magnae res (Angelegenheiten), Tac.: maiores res appetere, nach höheren Dingen streben, Nep. – testimonium, ein ansehnliches, ehrenvolles, Cic.: causa, Cic.: magnae et graves causae, Plin. ep.: iudicium, Cic.: magno casu accĭdit, durch einen wichtigen Umstand, besonderen Glücksfall, Caes.: ebenso magnae fuit fortunae, Caes.: aber saepe parvis momentis magni casus intercedunt, bedeutende Wechselfälle des Glücks, Caes.: ebenso res magnum habet casum (Risiko), Planc. in Cic. ep. – m. dem Nbbgr. des Schwierigen, magnum opus et arduum, Cic.; vgl. id magnum et arduum est, Cic.; u. quod eo maius est illi (schwieriger für ihn), Cic.: magnum quoddam est onus atque munus, Cic.: bellum m. atque difficile, m. et atrox, Cic. u. Sall. – v. wichtigen u. gefahrvollen Zeiten, dringend, rei publicae ma-
    ————
    gnum aliquod tempus, Cic.: maxima rei publicae tempora, die Zeiten der dringendsten Gefahr, griech. μέγιστοι καιροί, Cic. – magnum est (es ist eine große, schwierige Aufgabe, es gehört viel dazu) m. Infin., zB. magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud verum, Cic. Acad. 1, 7: eicere nos magnum fuit, excludere facile est, Cic. ep. 14, 3, 2: so auch quod si magnum putarem caducum deicere, Apul. apol. 35. p. 56, 1 Kr. – m. 2. Supin., haud magna memoratu res est, Liv. 38, 29, 3. – parenthet., quod maius est, was noch mehr sagen will, Cic.: ebenso quod maximum est, Plaut. – neutr. pl. subst., magna curant di, parva neglegunt, Cic.: ut alia magna et egregia tua omittam, Sall.: u. im Compar., multo maiora et meliora fecit, Cic.: maiora concupiscere, zu hoch hinauswollen, Nep.: maiora moliri in urbe, Suet.: im Superl., illa maxima atque amplissima, Cic. – poet v. Jahre u. den Jahreszeiten, bedeutend dem Ertrage nach, sehr fruchtbar, annus, Stat. u. Lucan.: maior autumnus, Mart.
    2) v. der Größe der menschl. Stellung, a) der Macht, dem Vermögen nach groß, hochstehend, angesehen, mächtig, reich, maior invidiā, über den Neid erhaben, Hor.: maior reprensis, über die Getadelten erhaben, Hor. – v. mächtigen Personen u. Staaten, propter summam nobilitatem et singularem potentiam magnus erat, Cic.: potentior et maior, im
    ————
    Besitz von mehr Macht u. Ansehen, Nep.: m. adiutor, Hor.: Iuppiter, manus Iovis, Hor.: Iuppiter optimus maximus (der allmächtige), Cic.: praetor maximus (in den ältesten Zeiten = Diktator), Liv.: sacerdos, der ehrwürdige, Verg.: tellure marique magnus, Hor.: homo summae potentiae et magnae cognationis, Caes.: civitas magna atque opulenta, oppidum m. atque valens, Sall.: maximam hanc rem (Staat) fecerunt, Liv. – v. Vornehmen u. Reichen, magni pueri magnis e centurionibus orti, Hor.: m. pater, eques, Hor. – subst., nulla aut magno aut parvo fuga leti, Hor.: cum magnis vixisse, Hor.: maiorum fames, Hor.: Ggstz., adversus minores humanitas, adversus maiores reverentia, Sen.: maximi imique, die Höchsten u. Niedrigsten, Sen. – b) dem Talente, der Geschicklichkeit, den Verdiensten nach, α) groß, angesehen, achtungswert, geschickt u. dgl., o magnum hominem! Cic.: nemo vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino umquam fuit, Cic.: magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace, Nep.: oft verb. magnus et clarus, clarus et magnus, Cic. u.a. (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 53, 2). – als Beiname, Pompeius Magnus, Alexander Magnus, Cic. u.a.: Plur., Magnos et Felices et Augustos diximus, wir haben den einen den Großen, den anderen den Glücklichen, den dritten den Erlauchten genannt, Sen. de clem. 1, 14, 2. – β) im üblen Sinne, groß in Verschlagenheit usw., durch-
    ————
    trieben, fur, Cic.: nebulo, Ter. – prägn. = zu groß, Alexander orbi (für den Erdkreis) magnus est, Alexandro orbis angustus (zu eng), Sen. suas. 1, 3.
    3) von intensiver Stärke: a) menschlicher Lebens- und Gemütszustände, groß, gewaltig, auffallend, schwer, stark, heftig, arg, labor, Hor.: morbus, Cels.: morbus maior, die größere, gewaltigere (v. der Epilepsie), Cels. (vgl. Apul. apol. 50): periculum, Caes.: gratia, Caes. (vgl. gratia). – infamia, Cic.: opprobrium, Hor.: magno sit animo (Mut), Caes.; vgl. corpore maior spiritus (Mut) et incessus, Hor.: virtus, Caes.: multo maior alacritas studiumque pugnandi, Caes.: maiore eloquentiā, gravitate, studio, contentione, Cic. – spes, Nep.: gaudium, Sall.: voluptas, Ter.: dolor, Caes. – vitium, peccatum, Hor.: adulteria, inimicitiae, auffallende, Aufsehen erregende, Tac. (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 1, 2, 11): maius malum est hoc, Sen. – Compar. subst., nihil maius minari posse, quam etc., nichts Schlimmeres, Sen. – bes. in maius, ins zu Große = größer, als es ist, als nötig ist, vergrößernd, übertrieben, übermäßig, bei den Verben extollere (verbis), celebrare, componere u.a., b. Sall., Liv., Hor. u.a. (s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 73, 5 u. Liv. 21, 32, 7): so auch in maius ferri, nuntiari, vergrößert, übertrieben werden, Liv. u. Tac.: in maius credi, für schlimmer, ärger gehalten werden, Tac.: in maius augere desiderium, Iustin. – b) des Ausdrucks, stark,
    ————
    gewaltig, übertrieben, verba magna, quae rei augendae causā conquirantur, Liv.: magnis sermonibus res secundas celebrare, d.i. viel Redens und Aufhebens machen von usw., Liv.: magnae minae, Cic.: magna illa consulum imperia, strenge, Sall.
    4) von der Größe der Gesinnung, der Gemüts- und Denkart, a) im guten Sinne, groß, stark, hoch, hochherzig, fuit et animo magno et corpore, Nep.: animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: quemquam stabili et firmo et magno animo (quem fortem virum dicimus) effici posse, Cic.; vgl. mens maior humanā, Sil.: magno pectore praesentit curas, Verg. – u. übtr., von der Person selbst, groß, hochherzig, edel, amice magne, Cur. in Cic. ep.: animo magnus, maior imperio, Plin.: quo quis maior, magis est placabilis irae, et faciles motus mens generosa capit, Ov.: vgl. nihil magno et praeclaro viro dignius placabilitate, Cic. – b) im üblen Sinne, hochfahrend, stolz, omnibus nobis ut dant res sese, ita magni atque humiles sumus, Ter. – u. in bezug auf die Rede, groß = hochfahrend, großprahlerisch, lingua (wie μεγάλη γλῶσσα), Hor.: magna verba (wie μεγάλοι λόγοι), Verg., Sen. u.a.: maxima verba, Prop. – dixerat ille aliquid magnum, hatte große Reden geführt, sehr geprahlt, Verg. – ebenso subst., magna loqui, magna magnifice loqui (wie μέγα εἰπειν, μέγα μυθεισθαι, μεγάλα λέγειν), Ov. u. Tibull.; vgl. Passerat. Prop. 2, 19, 71.
    ————
    Mitscherl. Hor. carm. 4, 6, 2. Broukh. Tibull. 2, 6, 11.
    5) von der Größe der Geistesanlagen, groß, hoch, erhaben, ingenium, Cic.: indoles, Hor., Stat. u.a. (s. Markl. Stat. silv. 3, 3, 68. p. 279 ed. Dresd.).

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > magnus

  • 15 vae-

    1.
    vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

    quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

    telum tormentumve,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

    lubidines iracundiaeve,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

    si id facis facturave es,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

    ne quid plus minusve faxit,

    id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

    Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

    duabus tribusve horis,

    id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

    Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

    amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

    id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

    cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

    alter ambove, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

    v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

    id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

    ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

    eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

    id. And. 4, 4, 9:

    si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

    Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—
    2.
    Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

    num leges nostras moresve novit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—
    B.
    Repeated or with correl. part.
    1.
    Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

    corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

    Ov. M. 15, 215:

    nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

    id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

    illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—
    2.
    Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

    regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

    Prop. 2, 1, 23.
    2.
    vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vae-

  • 16 ve

    1.
    vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

    quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

    telum tormentumve,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

    lubidines iracundiaeve,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

    si id facis facturave es,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

    ne quid plus minusve faxit,

    id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

    Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

    duabus tribusve horis,

    id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

    Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

    amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

    id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

    cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

    alter ambove, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

    v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

    id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

    ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

    eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

    id. And. 4, 4, 9:

    si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

    Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—
    2.
    Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

    num leges nostras moresve novit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—
    B.
    Repeated or with correl. part.
    1.
    Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

    corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

    Ov. M. 15, 215:

    nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

    id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

    illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—
    2.
    Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

    regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

    Prop. 2, 1, 23.
    2.
    vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ve

  • 17 ve-

    1.
    vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

    quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

    telum tormentumve,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

    lubidines iracundiaeve,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

    si id facis facturave es,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

    ne quid plus minusve faxit,

    id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

    Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

    duabus tribusve horis,

    id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

    Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

    amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

    id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

    cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

    alter ambove, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

    v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

    id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

    ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

    eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

    id. And. 4, 4, 9:

    si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

    Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—
    2.
    Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

    num leges nostras moresve novit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—
    B.
    Repeated or with correl. part.
    1.
    Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

    corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

    Ov. M. 15, 215:

    nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

    id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

    illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—
    2.
    Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

    regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

    Prop. 2, 1, 23.
    2.
    vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ve-

  • 18 -ve

       -ve    [1 VOL-], conj enclit., or, or if you will, or as you please: quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris? T.: telum tormentumve, Cs.: albus aterve fuerit, ignoras: Ne quid plus minusve faxit, T.: alter ambove, etc.: si decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc., L.— With a negat. expressed or implied, and (cf.-que). num leges nostras moresve novit?; see also neve. —Repeated, either... or (poet.): nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus, O.: Nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi, O.: cf. regnave aut animos (canere), Pr.

    Latin-English dictionary > -ve

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