aemulus

aemŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. hamillaomai and hama, imitor, imago, Germ. ahmen (Eng. aim) in nachahmen = to imitate], striving after another earnestly, emulating, rivalling, emulous (cf. aemulatio and aemulor), in a good and bad sense; constr. with dat. or as subst. with gen.

In a good sense, Att. ap. Auct. Her, 2, 26, 42:

laudum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12:

laudis,

id. Cael. 14:

aemulus atque imitator studiorum ac laborum,

id. Marc. 1:

Timagenis aemula lingua,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15:

itinerum Herculis,

Liv. 21, 41.—With ne and subj.: milites aemuli, ne dissimiles viderentur, Aur. Vict Caes. 8, 3.—

In a bad sense, both of one who, with a hostile feeling, strives after the possessions of another, and of one who, on account of his strong desire for a thing, envies him who possesses it; envious, jealous, grudging. — With gen.: Karthago aemula imperii Romani, Sall C. 10; Vell. 2, 1:

Triton,

Verg. A. 6, 173:

quem remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,

Tac. A. 3, 8:

Britannici,

Suet. Ner. 6.—

Subst., a rival = rivalis: mihi es aemula, you are my rival (i. e. you have the same desire as I), Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 20; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 8;

si non tamquam virum, at tamquam aemulum removisset,

Cic. Verr 2, 5, 31: et si nulla subest aemula, languet amor, Ov A. A. 2, 436.—By meton. (eccl.), an enemy:

videbis aemulum tuum in templo,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 32;

affligebat eam aemula,

ib. 1, 6.— In gen., mostly of things without life, vying with, rivalling a thing, i. e. comparable to, similar to, with dat., v. Rudd. II. p. 70 ( poet., and in prose after the Aug. per.):

tibia tubae Aemula,

Hor. A. P. 203:

labra rosis,

Mart. 4, 42:

Tuscis vina cadis,

id. 13, 118; Plin. 9, 17, 29, § 63; id. 15, 18, 19, § 68 al.:

Dictator Caesar summis oratoribus aemulus, i. e. aequiparandus,

Tac. A. 13, 3.

Fragm. Hist. 3 (cf. celatum indagator for indagans in Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 15, unless celatum be here a gen.).

* * *

* * *

aemŭlor, ātus, 1, v. dep. [aemulus], to rival, to endeavor to equal or to excel one, to emulate, vie with, in a good and bad sense; hence (as a consequence of this action). to equal one by emulating.

In a good sense, constr. with acc., v. II.:

quoniam aemulari non licet, nunc invides,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 26:

omnes ejus instituta laudare facilius possunt quam aemulari,

Cic. Fl. 26; Nep. Epam. 5; Liv. 1, 18; cf. Tac. H. 3, 81: Pindarum quisquis studet aemulari, * Hor. C. 4, 2, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 62:

severitatem alicujus,

Tac. H. 2, 68:

virtutes majorum,

id. Agr. 15 et saep.— Transf. of things:

Basilicae uvae Albanum vinum aemulantur,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 30.—Prov.:

aemulari umbras,

to fight shadows, Prop. 3, 32, 19 (cf. Cic. Att. 15, 20: qui umbras timet).—

In a bad sense, to strive after or vie with enviously, to be envious of, be jealous of, zêlotupein; constr. with dat., while in the first signif. down to Quint. with acc.; v. Spald. ad Quint. 10, 1, 122;

Rudd. II. p. 151: iis aemulemur, qui ea habent, quae nos habere cupimus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19; cf. 4, 26; Just. 6, 9.—Also with cum:

ne mecum aemuletur,

Liv. 28, 43:

inter se,

Tac. H. 2, 81.—With inf.:

aemulabantur corruptissimum quemque pretio inlicere,

Tac. H. 2, 62.—Hence, * aemŭlanter, adv., emulously, Tert. c. Haer. 40.

dĭū (old form dĭūs, Orell. Inscr. 8206), adv. [old acc. form of duration of time; root in dies; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 232 sqq.].

(Acc. to dies, I. B. 2.) By day (very rare), Manil. 4, 823;

usually with noctu: noctuque et diu,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 5: noctu diuque, Titin. and Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 185 P. (Sall. H. 2, 54 Dietsch); Sall. J. 38, 3; 44, 5; 70, 1: nec noctu, nec diu, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 98, 27:

diu noctuque iter properabunt,

Tac. A. 15, 12 fin.:

noctu diuque hostibus obniti,

id. H. 2, 5.—

(Acc. to dies, II. A. 3.; lit., a space of time, a while; hence, with intens. signif.) A long time, long while, long (freq. in all periods; cf.:

pridem, dudum): nimis diu et longum loquor,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 21; cf.

so with longum,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 40:

diu multumque scriptitare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152; so,

diu multumque,

id. Or. 1; id. Phil. 13, 5; id. Sull. 26, 73; Sall. J. 94, 3; Flor. 2, 3, 5;

also: multum diuque,

Cic. de Sen. 3 fin.:

multum et diu,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88; id. Inv. 2, 19, 58:

multum ac diu,

App. M. 2, p. 126, 6; cf.

also: recordatus multum et diu cogitavi... Eam rem volutavi et diu disputavi,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 1 and 4:

saepe et diu,

Cic. Quint. 31, 96; cf.:

saepe diuque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 1;

diu diuque,

App. M. 5, p. 167, 16; 12, p. 266, 16:

diu atque acriter pugnatum est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 3, 21 et saep.:

diu ego hunc cruciabo,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73:

Stoici diu mansuros aiunt animos: semper, negant,

Cic. Tusc. 1. 31 fin.: [p. 600] diu princeps oratorum, aliquando aemulus Ciceronis, Quint. 11, 3, 8:

tam diu restitisti,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 100:

tam diu,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 34; id. ib. 4, 2, 89; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27; id. Hec. 4, 4, 23; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

eo, quo jam diu Sum judicatus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; so,

jam diu,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 102; id. Most. 1, 3, 144; id. Poen. 5, 4, 29; cf.:

diu est jam,

id. Most. 1, 4, 25:

ille vult diu vivere, hic diu vixit: quamquam, O di boni! quid est in hominis vita diu?

Cic. de Sen. 19, 68 and 69; cf.:

sat diu vixisse,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 12:

nimis diu maceror,

id. Ep. 3, 1, 2; so,

nimis diu,

id. Merc. 1, 54; id. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

non diu apud hunc servies,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 65; cf.:

haud diu,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 17; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67.—Followed by dum, donec:

diu expectare, dum, etc.,

Suet. de Rhet. 1:

diu jacere donec, etc.,

Tac. G. 45.— Comp.: diūtius, longer [the t inserted, as in sectius and setius from secus, being a remnant of adv. ending -ter or -tus]:

nolo te jactari diutius,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 59; id. Rud. 1, 2, 5; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 50; id. ib. 3, 1, 15; Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Rosc. Am. 7 fin.; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. ib. 1, 26, 1 et saep.: cf.:

minus diu quam,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 1.—In the historians freq. = a long while, very long, no comparison being intended:

ne diutius commeatu prohiberetur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 49; 3, 9, 5; 3, 29, 2; 4, 35, 2;

7, 20, 5 et saep.: neque illis, qui victoriam adepti forent, diutius ea uti licuisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

legiones diutius sine consulari fuere,

Tac. H. 1, 9.— Sup.:

(Cato) qui senex diutissime fuisset,

Cic. Lael. 1, 4; so id. Pis. 37; id. de Imp. Pomp. 5 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 4; Suet. Vit. 14 al.:

ut quam diutissime te jucunda opinione oblectarem,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1;

so with quam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 102, 3.—

Long since, a great while ago (mostly ante-class.): quod arci, diu facti, celeriter corruissent, Varr. ap. Non. 77, 14; cf.:

scelus, inquam, factum'st jam diu antiquom et vetus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 45; so,

jam diu,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 9; id. Men. 2, 3, 28; id. Ps. 1, 3, 4; Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9 al.;

for which: diu jam,

Plin. 25, 1, 1, § 2; id. 19, 4, 15, § 40:

is ex Anactorio... huc commigravit in Calydonem haud diu,

not long ago, a short time ago, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 15:

nec loci gnara sum, nec diu hic fui,

it is not long since I was here, Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 28:

jam diu est factum, quom discesti ab hero,

id. As. 2, 1, 3.—With foll. quom, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44.—

With postquam,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 41.—With quod, id. Am. 1, 1, 146; August. Retract. 1 Prol.—

In Mela repeatedly of place, a long way:

Italia... inter superum mare et inferum excurrit diu solida,

Mel. 2, 4, 1; so id. 1, 2, 3; id. 1, 3, 5. Cf. Hand Turs. II. pp. 285-291.

ĭmĭtor, ātus, 1 (archaic inf. pres. imitarier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25; Lucr. 5, 1377), v. freq. a. dep. [root im-, cf. aemulus], to imitate.

To represent, to express, copy, portray (class.):

summum illum luctum penicillo,

to portray, Cic. Or. 22, 74; cf.:

oris (Coae Veneris) pulchritudo reliqui corporis imitandi spem auferebat,

id. Off. 3, 2, 10:

aut Ialysi aut Coae Veneris pulchritudinem,

id. Or. 2, 5; id. Brut. 18, 70:

chirographum,

id. N. D. 3, 30, 74; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

faber ungues Exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

argillā quidvis imitabitur udā,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 8:

hunc in persona lenonis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

populi speciem et nomen,

id. Rep. 3, 33:

antiquitatem,

id. Brut. 36, 137; cf.:

heroum veteres casus fictosque luctus imitari atque adumbrare dicendo,

id. de Or. 5, 47, 380:

imitans, ut est mos, facta et dicta vivi,

Suet. Vesp. 19:

sine imitandorum carminum actu ludiones,

not expressing by gesticulation, Liv. 7, 2, 4:

gaudia falsa,

Tib. 3, 6, 33; cf.

maestitiam,

Tac. A. 1, 24:

quaecumque (pictura) imitata figuram est,

Juv. 6, 341.— Poet.: putre solum imitamur arando, i. e. to make loose or friable, Verg. G. 2, 204:

robore duro Stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis,

replace, substitute, supply the place of, id. A. 11, 894:

pocula vitea fermento atque sorbis,

id. G. 3, 380; cf.:

diuturni mores consensu utentium comprobati legem imitantur,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 9. —

To imitate, to act like, copy after, seek to resemble, counterfeit something (so most freq.):

imitabor nepam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 7:

imitabor ergo Aratum, qui magnis de rebus dicere exordiens, a Jove incipiendum putat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36; cf.:

imitor Archytam,

id. ib. 1, 38:

Platonem,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

aliquem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

id. de Or. 2, 22, 90; cf.:

quem (eloquentem) si imitari atque exprimere non possumus,

id. Or. 5, 19:

quem postea imitati sunt multi, aequavit nemo,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 126:

ipsi sibi imitandi fuerunt,

Cic. Or. 53, 177:

qui maxime imitandus, et solus imitandus est,

Quint. 10, 2, 24; cf.:

tu mihi maxime imitabilis, maxime imitandus videbaris,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 4:

noster ille amicus, dignus huic ad imitandum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1 Mos.:

populi consuetudinem,

id. ib. 2, 20:

non dicam plura, ne, in quo te objurgem, id ipsum videar imitari,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 6:

in adeundis periculis consuetudo imitanda medicorum est,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

quod faciendum imitandumque est omnibus, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 19, 70:

factum praeclarum expositum ad imitandum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

in qua (sc. domo) sollicitas imitatur janua portas,

resembles, Juv. 7, 42.

Act. form ĭmĭto, āre (anteclass.): si malos imitabo, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 473, 22 (Fragm. Trag. v. 1 Rib.):

tuum opus nemo imitare potest,

Varr. ib. 21.—

ĭmĭtātus, a, um, in pass. signif.:

imitata et efficta simulacra,

Cic. Univ. 3, 6:

cum sint alii veri affectus, alii ficti et imitati,

Quint. 11, 3, 61:

nec abest imitata voluptas,

Ov. M. 9, 481; Avien. Fab. 5, 17.

ultrā, adv. and prep. [ulter].

Prop., on the other side:

dextera nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither on that side nor on this, neither backwards nor forwards, Ov. M. 5, 186.—

Transf., in gen., beyond, farther, over, more, besides; of space (rare): ultra procedendi facultas, Auct. B. Afr. 50, 3.—

Of time, degree, etc.:

estne aliquid ultra, quo progredi crudelitas possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

ne quid ultra requiratis,

id. Univ. 3:

ut nihil possit ultra,

id. Att. 15, 1, B, 2:

quia ultra nihil habemus,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

melius ultra quam citra stat oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 76; 3, 1, 9:

quid ultra Provehor?

Verg. A. 3, 480:

jam nihil ultra exspectantibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 30; cf. id. 7, 1, 59: eam (mortem) cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere;

ultra neque curae neque gaudio locum esse,

Sall. C. 51, 20:

hac tempestate serviundum aut imperandum... nam quid ultra? id. Or. Lepid. contra Sull. 5: nullum ultra periculum vererentur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39:

quos alios muros, quae jam ultra moenia habetis?

Verg. A. 9, 782.—Of time:

usque ad Attium et ultra porrectas syllabas geminis vocalibus scripserunt,

farther, later, Quint. 1, 7, 14:

nec ultra bellum Latinum dilatum,

Liv. 2, 19, 2.—

Esp., on account of its comparative sense, freq. followed by quam:

ultra enim quo progrediar, quam ut veri videam similia, non habeo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 17:

ultra quam homini datum est provehi,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

10: ultra quam satis est,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91; 1, 18, 26; Quint. 12, 7, 12:

ultra quam oporteat,

id. 2, 4. 7;

2, 5, 24: ultra quam ullus spiritus durare possit,

id. 8, 2, 17; Liv. 40, 30, 5:

nec ultra moratus, quam, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 44.—

Comp.: ultĕrĭus, in the signif. of the posit., beyond, farther on, farther (mostly poet.; in prose rare and only postAug.).

= ultra, cum quo Riphaeos possim conscendere montes Ulteriusque domo vadere Memnoniā, Prop. 1, 6, 4:

abire,

Ov. M. 2, 872:

ulterius nihil est, nisi non habitabile frigus,

id. Tr. 3, 4, 51.—

Transf., = longius or amplius;

procedere,

Quint. 5, 11, 34:

ulterius ne tende odiis,

Verg. A. 12, 938:

si me ulterius provexerit ira,

Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 19:

revocavit me cogitationi aptae traditum, et iturum, si licuisset, ulterius,

Sen. Ep. 102, 1:

robur ulterius adversus eam saeviendi gentem,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 15:

nec ulterius dare corpus inutile leto Aut vacat aut curat,

farther, longer, more, Ov. M. 12, 344:

non tulit ulterius,

id. ib. 3, 487:

rogabat Ulterius justo,

beyond what was right, more than was right, id. ib. 6, 470.—

Sup.: ultĭmē.

Extremely, to the last degree:

nudam flagris ultime verberat,

App. M. 10, p. 250, 33:

affectus,

id. ib. 1, p. 105, 22.—

At last, Sen. Ep. 76, 22 (dub.; al. ultimum).

Prep. with acc., on the farther side of, beyond, past:

cis Padum ultraque,

Liv. 5, 35, 4:

ultra Silianam villam,

Cic. Att. 12, 27, 1:

milibus passuum II. ultra eum (montem) castra fecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 49; id. B. C. 3, 26; 3, 66:

ultra Terminum,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 10:

dextra paulum prolata ultra sinum,

Quint. 11, 3, 159; cf. id. ib. §

118.— Placed after the noun: sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 107:

portas ultra procedere,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 29:

Euphratem ultra,

Tac. A. 15, 17 fin. —

Transf.

Of time, beyond, past, longer than:

(Gorgias) et illorum fuit aemulus ut ultra Socratem usque duravit,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

non durat ultra poenam abdicationis,

id. 9, 2, 88: ultra rudes annos, id. 1, 1, 20:

ultra pueriles annos,

id. 1, 11, 19.—

Of number, measure, degree, quality, etc., beyond, above, over, more than, = supra:

paulo ultra eum numerum, Auct. B. Alex. 21: non ultra heminam aquae assumere,

Cels. 4, 2, 4 fin.:

adhibent modum quendam, quem ultra progredi non oporteat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38:

ultra fidem,

Quint. 8, 6, 73:

modum,

id. 10, 3, 32; 11, 1, 90:

quid est ultra pignus aut multam?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12: ultra Romanorum et mortalium etiam morem aliquem curare, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

juvenis ultra barbarum, promptus ingenio,

Vell. 2, 118, 2:

Maecenas otio ac mollitiis paene ultra feminam fluens,

id. 2, 88, 2:

si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 31:

ultra Legem tendere opus,

id. S. 2, 1, 1:

vires ultra sortemque senectae,

Verg. A. 6, 114:

si ultra placitum laudarit,

id. E. 7, 27.