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41 good
1. n1) добро, благо2) польза3) pl товар, товары; изделия4) pl груз; багаж
- abandoned goods
- acceptable goods
- advertised goods
- afloat goods
- agricultural goods
- assorted goods
- auction goods
- back-to-school goods
- bale goods
- baled goods
- barter goods
- basic goods
- bonded goods
- branded goods
- bulk goods
- bulky goods
- bundle goods
- bundled goods
- canned goods
- capital goods
- cased goods
- choice goods
- commercial goods
- competitive goods
- competitively priced goods
- complementary goods
- consignment goods
- consumable goods
- consumer goods
- consumption goods
- contraband goods
- contract goods
- convenience goods
- cotton goods
- covered goods
- crated goods
- critical goods
- cultural and household goods
- custom made goods
- cut-price goods
- damaged goods
- damaging goods
- dangerous goods
- defective goods
- defence goods
- delayed goods
- deliverable goods
- delivered goods
- diplomatic goods
- dispatched goods
- distressed goods
- domestic goods
- dry goods
- durable goods
- duty-free goods
- easy-to-sell goods
- economic good
- eligible goods
- essential goods
- ethical goods
- exchange goods
- exchangeable goods
- exhibition goods
- explosive goods
- export goods
- exported goods
- express goods
- factored goods
- fair goods
- fancy goods
- farm goods
- fashion goods
- fast-moving goods
- fast-selling goods
- faulty goods
- final goods
- finished goods
- first class goods
- first order goods
- fixed price goods
- foreign goods
- foreign-made goods
- fragile goods
- free goods
- frozen goods
- gift goods
- groupage goods
- half-finished goods
- hard goods
- hazardous goods
- heavy goods
- heavyweight goods
- high-grade goods
- high-priced goods
- high-quality goods
- high-technology goods
- home-made goods
- household goods
- import goods
- imported goods
- impulse goods
- inbound goods
- incoming goods
- indestructible goods
- industrial goods
- industrialized goods
- inferior goods
- inflammable goods
- insured goods
- intermediate goods
- internationally tradeable goods
- investment goods
- inward goods
- labour-intensive goods
- large-scale goods
- late goods
- light goods
- liquid goods
- long-lived goods
- loose goods
- low-grade goods
- low-price goods
- low value added primary goods
- luxury goods
- Manchester goods
- manufactured goods
- marked goods
- marked-down goods
- marketable goods
- mass production goods
- measurement goods
- merchant goods
- miscellaneous goods
- missing goods
- new goods
- nondurable goods
- noncompetitive goods
- nonconforming goods
- nonfood goods
- nonessential goods
- nonhazardous goods
- nonsensitive goods
- nontraditional good
- novelty goods
- off-guage goods
- official goods
- ordered goods
- outbound goods
- outgoing goods
- out of time goods
- output goods
- outward goods
- over-dimensioned goods
- over-priced goods
- oversized goods
- packaged goods
- packed goods
- packed-up goods
- packeted goods
- palleted goods
- palletised goods
- parcel goods
- parity goods
- past due goods
- patent goods
- perishable goods
- perishing goods
- piece goods
- pledged goods
- point-of-purchase goods
- popular goods
- prepackaged goods
- prepacked goods
- prestige goods
- price-maintained goods
- primary goods
- private goods
- processed goods
- producer durable goods
- producer's goods
- production goods
- professional goods
- prohibited goods
- protected goods
- proprietary goods
- public good
- public goods
- quality goods
- quota goods
- realized goods
- received goods
- received for shipment goods
- reexport goods
- reexported goods
- refrigerated goods
- rejected goods
- remote goods
- repaired goods
- replaced goods
- reproducible goods
- retail goods
- return goods
- sale goods
- salvaged goods
- saved goods
- scarce goods
- seasonal goods
- secondhand goods
- secondrate good
- selected goods
- semidurable goods
- semifinished goods
- semimanufactured goods
- serially produced goods
- shipped goods
- shopping goods
- short-delivered goods
- short-shipped goods
- similar goods
- slow-moving goods
- soft goods
- sold goods
- sophisticated goods
- specialty goods
- spoiled goods
- spot goods
- spring goods
- stacked goods
- standardized goods
- staple goods
- storage goods
- store goods
- stranded goods
- strategic goods
- substandard goods
- substitutional goods
- superior goods
- surplus goods
- technical consumer goods
- textile goods
- top-quality goods
- tradeable goods
- trademarked goods
- traditional export goods
- transit goods
- transportable goods
- truck-packaged goods
- unaccepted goods
- unaddressed goods
- unbonded goods
- unclaimed goods
- uncovered goods
- undamaged goods
- undeclared goods
- undelivered goods
- unfinished goods
- uninsured goods
- unmarketable goods
- unmerchantable goods
- unordered goods
- unpacked goods
- unprotected goods
- unsaleable goods
- unshipped goods
- unsold goods
- unwrapped goods
- utility goods
- varied goods
- wage goods
- warehouse goods
- weight goods
- wet goods
- goods for bulk shipment
- goods for immediate delivery
- goods from stock
- goods in bales
- goods in bond
- goods in bulk
- goods in grain form
- goods in powder form
- goods in process
- goods in short supply
- goods in stock
- goods in store
- goods in transit
- goods of the best brands
- goods of damaging nature
- goods of dangerous character
- goods of equal value
- goods of equal worth
- goods of first priority
- goods of foreign make
- goods of foreign origin
- goods of high quality
- goods of inferior quality
- goods of inflammable nature
- goods of low quality
- goods of poor quality
- goods of prime necessity
- goods of sound quality
- goods of superior quality
- goods of top quality
- goods on consignment
- goods on hand
- goods out of season
- goods under arrest
- goods under customs bond
- goods under customs seal
- goods intended for shipment
- goods light in weight
- goods subject to deterioration
- accept goods
- accept goods for carriage
- advertise goods
- buy goods
- carry goods
- charge goods in an invoice
- claim goods
- clear goods
- collect goods
- consign goods
- convey goods
- declare goods
- declare goods waste
- delay goods
- deliver goods
- deliver goods at the disposal of smb
- deliver goods on sale or return
- demonstrate goods
- detain goods
- discharge goods
- dispatch goods
- dispose of goods
- distribute goods
- effect transhipment of goods
- enter goods for customs clearing
- enter goods for home consumption
- examine goods
- exchange goods
- exhibit goods
- export goods
- feature goods
- forward goods
- furnish with goods
- grade goods
- handle goods
- hand over goods
- have goods on trial
- hold goods in store
- import goods
- inspect goods
- insure goods
- introduce goods
- investigate goods
- invoice goods
- keep goods
- keep goods in stock
- land goods
- launch goods
- load goods
- make goods
- make goods ready for shipment
- make goods upon order
- make up goods
- manufacture goods
- mark goods
- mortgage goods
- move goods to the market
- need goods
- obtain goods
- obtain goods free of tax
- obtain possession of goods
- offer goods
- off-load goods
- order goods
- pack goods
- palletise goods
- pay for goods
- pick up goods
- place goods at the disposal of smb
- place goods on the market
- pledge goods with a bank
- present goods
- press goods on smb
- price goods
- produce goods
- protect goods
- provide goods
- purchase goods
- push goods
- put goods on the market
- readdress goods
- recall goods
- receive goods
- reconsign goods
- reject goods
- redeem pledged goods
- reexport goods
- release goods
- reload goods
- remove goods
- render goods marketable
- require goods
- resell goods
- retain goods
- return goods
- safeguard goods
- salvage goods
- search for goods
- secure goods
- sell goods
- sell goods retail
- sell goods wholesale
- sell out goods
- send goods on consignment
- ship goods
- show goods to advantage
- stack goods
- stock goods
- store goods
- submit goods to a careful examination
- supply goods
- survey goods
- tag goods
- take goods
- take goods on commission
- take goods on sale
- take goods out of pledge
- take stock of goods
- tally goods
- test goods
- throw goods on the market
- trace goods
- trade in goods
- transfer goods
- transfer goods to a warehouse
- tranship goods
- transport goods
- turn out goods
- turn goods over to smb
- unload goods
- value goods
- warehouse goods
- withdraw goods from the market
- withdraw goods from a warehouse2. adj1) хороший, годный3) надежный; кредитоспособный
- good faith
- good this month
- good this week
- good through
- good till cancelled -
42 before
I [bɪ'fɔː] advпрежде, ранееUSAGE:(1.) В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени: I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне). Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously: I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад. В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago: "We were there five days ago", he said мы были там пять дней тому назад; she says she was there five days ago она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад. (2.) See afterwards, advII [bɪ'fɔː] prpупотребляется:1) (при обозначении временных отношений) перед, до, раньше, прежде- before the end of the month
- before smb's birth
- before the time
- long before the beginning of smth
- long before smb's arrival2) (при обозначении пространственных отношений) перед, впередиHe looked before him. — Он смотрел прямо перед собой.
We have two problems before us. — Перед нами стоят две задачи.
She sat before me. — Она сидела передо мной.
- stop before the house- act before smb•USAGE and CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными: they looked straight before them они смотрели прямо перед собой; I am before you я перед вами; your name in the list comes before mine в списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей; the post-office is one stop before the station почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала; it happened before my very eye(right before my eyes) это произошло прямо у меня на глазах. Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, в ряду): there was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line в очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик; there was a slow fruck in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать. In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к: I found myself in front of a huge temple я оказался перед громадным собором. (2.) Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русских перед, позади, рядом не употребляются перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения: the boy was pushing a toy car before him мальчик толкал игрушечную машину перед собой; he closed the door behind him он закрыл за собой дверь. (3.) Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляются предлоги opposite или facing: the bookshop is opposite my house книжный магазин находится на противоположной стороне улицы/перед моим домом/напротив моего дома; the boys stood facing (opposite) each other мальчики стояли, друг перед другом/друг против друга/лицом к лицу. (4.) Письма часто заканчиваются фразой: hope to see you (to get the answer) before too long надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).III [bɪ'fɔː]1) прежде чем, раньше, чем; пока не, до того как, доI shall see him before he leaves. — Я повидаю его до его отъезда.
Say goodbye before you go. — Попрощайтесь перед уходом.
It will be some time before we know the full results. — Окончательные результаты будут известны только через некоторое время.
2) скорее, чемHe will die before he yields. — Он скорее умрёт, чем сдастся.
He will die before he will tell them what they want to know. — Он скорее умрет, но не скажет им то, что они хотят знать.
•CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Русским пока не, до соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till - относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение действия до начала другого: They have been told everything before I got there. Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался. We have another ten minutes before the train leaves. У нас есть еще 10 минут до отхода поезда. Get out of here before I call the police. Убирайся отсюда, пока я вызвал полицию. I stayed there until he came. Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел. ср. I shall see him before he leaves. Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда. (2.) В придаточных времени, вводимых before, не употребляются формы будущего времени глагола. Вместо них употребляются формы Present и Past. (3.) See after, cj; USAGE (1.). -
43 off
1. n положение «выключено»to be set at off — находиться в положении «выключено»
be badly off — быть бедным; быть в плохом положении
be well off — быть зажиточным; быть в хорошем положении
off state — выключенное состояние; состояние "выключено"
2. n свободное времяto be off duty — быть свободным, не дежурить
the off hours — свободные часы; свободное время
3. n спорт. часть поля, находящаяся слева от боулера4. n разг. начало, стартto get off the mark — стартовать, взять старт
5. a более удалённый, дальний6. a находящийся с правой стороны, справа7. a мор. обращённый к морюon or off — вкл. или выкл.
bargain off — сбыть с рук, избавиться
on fff off switch — переключатель "вкл. - выкл."
8. a спорт. расположенный слева от боулера9. a второстепенный, менее важный, незначительныйoff street — переулок; улочка
10. a свободный, незанятыйday off, off day — свободный день; нерабочий день
off the ration — ненормируемый, свободно продаваемый
11. a неудачный, неблагоприятный12. a не совсем здоровыйtapering off — сходящий на нет; исчезновение
13. a несвежий14. a низкосортный, низкого качества; ниже стандарта15. a ошибочный, неправильныйoff the mark — неточно; ошибочно, неправильно, неверно
16. v разг. прекращатьpass off — исчезать; прекращаться; уменьшаться
17. v разг. идти на попятныйsign off — радио, подавать знак окончания передачи
18. v разг. амер. сл. убить, укокошить; «ликвидировать», «убрать»bump off — убить, убрать
blip off — убить, прикончить, укокошить
19. v разг. мор. редк. удаляться от берега, уходить в открытое мореcast off the high bar — отмах назад в вис из упора на в.ж.
20. int внимание!; остановись!shrug off — не обращать внимания; сбрасывать со счетов
21. int прочь!; долой!keep your hands off! — руки прочь!; руками не трогать!
to speed off — поспешно удалиться; поспешить прочь
belt off — поспешить уйти прочь; улизнуть, смыться
hats off! — шапки долой!; снять шапки!
Синонимический ряд:1. down (adj.) down; dull; slack; slow; sluggish; soft2. remote (adj.) negligent; negligible; outside; remote; slender; slight; slim; small3. wrong (adj.) erroneous; fallacious; false; inaccurate; incorrect; mistaken; unsound; untrue; wrong4. away (other) away; back; far-off; out5. away from (other) away from; disappearing; farther away; into the distance; over; removing; sheering off; vanishing6. crazy (other) crazy; insane; odd; peculiar; queer7. distant (other) afar; ahead; behind; beside; distant; far; remote; removed; up front8. mistaken (other) confused; erring; in error; mistaken; wrong9. not on duty (other) gone; not on duty; on vacation; unemployed -
44 heavy
A ○ nB adj1 gen, Phys ( having weight) [weight, person, load, bag, parcel] lourd ; to be too heavy to lift être trop lourd à soulever or pour qu'on puisse le soulever ; to make sth heavier alourdir qch ; he's 5 kg heavier than me il pèse 5 kilos de plus que moi ; how heavy are you? combien pèses-tu? ; to be heavy with young [animal] être pleine ;2 ( thick) [fabric, coat] lourd ; [shoes, frame] gros/grosse (before n) ; [line, feature, face] épais/épaisse ; in heavy type en caractères gras ; of heavy build solidement bâti, de forte carrure ; to wear heavy make-up se maquiller beaucoup, être très maquillé ;3 Mil, Ind [machinery] gros/grosse (before n), lourd ; [artillery] lourd ; ‘heavy plant crossing’ ‘traversée d'engins’ ;4 fig (weighty, ponderous) [movement, step] pesant, lourd ; [irony, humour, responsibility, sigh] lourd ; my legs feel heavy j'ai les jambes lourdes ; his eyelids began to get heavy ses paupières devenaient lourdes ; with a heavy heart le cœur gros ; to be a heavy sleeper avoir le sommeil lourd ; a heavy thud un bruit sourd ; a heavy blow un coup violent ; ‘you told me,’ he said with heavy emphasis ‘c'est toi qui me l'a dit,’ dit-il en insistant lourdement ; the going is heavy le terrain est lourd ; the interview was heavy going (slow, hard work) l'interview était laborieuse ;5 ( abundant) [traffic] dense ; [gunfire] nourri ; [bleeding, period] abondant ; [charge, investment] important ; to be a heavy drinker/smoker boire/fumer beaucoup ; security was heavy d'importantes mesures de sécurité avaient été prises ; heavy trading on the stock market beaucoup de transactions à la Bourse ; to have a heavy workload avoir beaucoup de travail ; to be heavy on ( use a lot of) [person] avoir la main lourde sur [ingredient, perfume] ; [machine] consommer beaucoup de [fuel] ; ( contain a lot of) comporter beaucoup de [humour, ingredient] ;6 ( severe) [defeat, loss, debt] lourd ; [attack, bombing] intense ; [prison sentence, penalty, fine] sévère ; [cuts, criticism] fort (before n) ; [cold] gros/grosse (before n) ; heavy casualties un nombre élevé de victimes ; heavy fighting de violents combats ;8 Meteorol [rain, frost] fort ; [fog, mist] épais/épaisse ; [snow, dew] abondant ; [cloud] lourd ; [sky] chargé, lourd ; it's very heavy today il fait très lourd aujourd'hui ; to capsize in heavy seas chavirer par grosse mer ;10 (busy, packed) [day, month, timetable, programme] chargé ;11 (difficult, serious) [book, paper, film, lecture] ardu ; this article is ou makes heavy reading cet article n'est pas d'une lecture facile ;12 ( loaded) to be heavy with [air, branch, atmosphere] être chargé de [perfume, flowers, resentment] ; a remark heavy with meaning une remarque lourde de sens.things started to get heavy ○ ( threatening) ça a commencé à mal tourner ; (serious, intellectual) ça a commencé à devenir un peu ardu ; ( sexual) ça a commencé à devenir lourd ○. -
45 take
take [teɪk]prendre ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (a), 1B (c)-(e), 1C (b), 1D (a), 1D (b), 1E (a), 1F (a), 1G (a), 1G (b), 1G (d), 1H (a), 1H (b), 1I (a), 1I (c), 1I (d), 1I (f), 1I (g), 2 (a)-(c) porter ⇒ 1B (a) mener ⇒ 1B (b) conduire ⇒ 1C (a) recevoir ⇒ 1D (c) croire ⇒ 1F (b) supporter ⇒ 1F (d) supposer ⇒ 1G (c) contenir ⇒ 1I (e) passer ⇒ 1I (i)A.∎ let me take your coat donnez-moi votre manteau;∎ she took the book from him elle lui a pris le livre;∎ to take sb's hand prendre qn par la main;∎ she took his arm elle lui a pris le bras;∎ Peter took her in his arms Peter l'a prise dans ses bras;∎ the wolf took its prey by the throat le loup a saisi sa proie à la gorge(b) (get control of, capture → person) prendre, capturer; (→ fish, game) prendre, attraper; Military prendre, s'emparer de;∎ they took the town that night ils prirent ou s'emparèrent de la ville cette nuit-là;∎ to take sb prisoner faire qn prisonnier;∎ to take sb alive prendre ou capturer qn vivant;∎ I took his queen with my rook j'ai pris sa reine avec ma tour;∎ to take control of a situation prendre une situation en main;∎ we took our courage in both hands nous avons pris notre courage à deux mains;∎ you're taking your life in your hands doing that c'est ta vie que tu risques en faisant cela;∎ to take the lead in sth (in competition) prendre la tête de qch; (set example) être le premier à faire qchB.(a) (carry from one place to another) porter, apporter; (carry along, have in one's possession) prendre, emporter;∎ she took her mother a cup of tea elle a apporté une tasse de thé à sa mère;∎ he took the map with him il a emporté la carte;∎ she took some towels up(stairs)/down(stairs) elle a monté/descendu des serviettes;∎ don't forget to take your camera n'oubliez pas (de prendre) votre appareil photo;∎ figurative the committee wanted to take the matter further le comité voulait mener l'affaire plus loin;∎ the devil take it! que le diable l'emporte!;∎ you can't take it with you (money when you die) tu ne l'emporteras pas avec toi dans la tombe∎ her father takes her to school son père l'emmène à l'école;∎ could you take me home? pourriez-vous me ramener ou me raccompagner?;∎ to take sb across the road faire traverser la rue à qn;∎ may I take you to dinner? puis-je vous inviter à dîner ou vous emmener dîner?;∎ he offered to take them to work in the car il leur a proposé de les emmener au bureau en voiture ou de les conduire au bureau;∎ to take oneself to bed aller se coucher;∎ please take me with you emmène-moi, s'il te plaît;∎ humorous I can't take you anywhere tu n'es pas sortable;∎ the estate agent took them over the house l'agent immobilier leur a fait visiter la maison;∎ he took her round the museum il lui a fait visiter le musée;∎ she used to take me along to meetings (avant,) elle m'emmenait aux réunions;∎ this road will take you to the station cette route vous mènera ou vous conduira à la gare;∎ I don't want to take you out of your way je ne veux pas vous faire faire un détour;∎ her job took her all over Africa son travail l'a fait voyager dans toute l'Afrique;∎ that's what first took me to Portugal c'est ce qui m'a amené au Portugal;∎ whatever took him there? qu'allait-il faire là-bas?;∎ the record took her to number one in the charts le disque lui a permis d'être première au hit-parade∎ she took a handkerchief from her pocket elle a sorti un mouchoir de sa poche;∎ I took a chocolate from the box j'ai pris un chocolat dans la boîte;∎ take a book from the shelf prenez un livre sur l'étagère;∎ take your feet off the table enlève tes pieds de la table;∎ he took the saucepan off the heat il a ôté ou retiré la casserole du feu(d) (appropriate, steal) prendre, voler;∎ to take sth from sb prendre qch à qn;∎ someone's taken my wallet on a pris mon portefeuille;∎ his article is taken directly from my book le texte de son article est tiré directement de mon livre(e) (draw, derive) prendre, tirer;∎ a passage taken from a book un passage extrait d'un livre;∎ a phrase taken from Latin une expression empruntée au latin;∎ the title is taken from the Bible le titre vient de la Bible;∎ to take a print from a negative tirer une épreuve d'un négatifC.(a) (of bus, car, train etc) conduire, transporter;∎ the ambulance took him to hospital l'ambulance l'a transporté à l'hôpital;∎ this bus will take you to the theatre ce bus vous conduira au théâtre;∎ will this train take me to Cambridge? est-ce que ce train va à ou passe par Cambridge?∎ American take a right prenez à droiteD.∎ she took a quick look at him elle a jeté un rapide coup d'œil sur lui;∎ he took a flying leap il a bondi;∎ to take a photo or a picture prendre une photo;∎ she took his picture or a picture of him elle l'a pris en photo;∎ we had our picture taken nous nous sommes fait photographier ou prendre en photo;∎ familiar he takes a good photo (is photogenic) il est photogénique□(c) (receive, get) recevoir; (earn, win → prize) remporter, obtenir; (→ degree, diploma) obtenir, avoir;∎ he took the blow on his arm il a pris le coup sur le bras;∎ you can take the call in my office vous pouvez prendre l'appel dans mon bureau;∎ the bookstore takes about $3,000 a day la librairie fait à peu près 3000 dollars (de recette) par jour;∎ how much does he take home a month? quel est son salaire mensuel net?;∎ Cards we took all the tricks nous avons fait toutes les levées;∎ their team took the match leur équipe a gagné ou remporté le matchE.(a) (assume, undertake) prendre;∎ to take the blame for sth prendre la responsabilité de qch;∎ you'll have to take the consequences c'est vous qui en subirez les conséquences;∎ she takes all the credit for our success elle s'attribue tout le mérite de notre réussite;∎ I take responsibility for their safety je me charge de leur sécurité;∎ to take the part of Hamlet jouer (le rôle d')Hamlet∎ he took my side in the argument il a pris parti pour moi dans la dispute;∎ the boy took an oath or a vow to avenge his family le garçon a fait serment ou a juré de venger sa famille;∎ American to take the Fifth (Amendment) invoquer le Cinquième Amendement (pour refuser de répondre)∎ may I take the liberty of inviting you to dinner? puis-je me permettre de vous inviter à dîner?;∎ he took the opportunity to thank them or of thanking them il a profité de l'occasion pour les remercierF.∎ the doctor only takes private patients le docteur ne prend pas les patients du service public;∎ the owner won't take less than $100 for it le propriétaire en veut au moins 100 dollars;∎ does this machine take pound coins? cette machine accepte-t-elle les pièces d'une livre?;∎ to take a bribe se laisser acheter ou corrompre;∎ you'll have to take me as I am il faut me prendre comme je suis;∎ take things as they come prenez les choses comme elles viennent;∎ I won't take "no" for an answer pas question de refuser;∎ it's my last offer, (you can) take it or leave it c'est ma dernière offre, c'est à prendre ou à laisser;∎ I'll take it from here je prends la suite;∎ I'll take it from there je verrai à ce moment-là(b) (accept as valid) croire;∎ to take sb's advice suivre les conseils de qn;∎ take it from me, he's a crook croyez-moi, c'est un escroc∎ let's take things one at a time prenons les choses une par une;∎ the mayor took their questions calmly le maire a entendu leurs questions avec calme;∎ how did she take the questioning? comment a-t-elle réagi à ou pris l'interrogatoire?;∎ they took the news well or in their stride ils ont plutôt bien pris la nouvelle;∎ to take sth badly prendre mal qch;∎ familiar to take things easy or it easy se la couler douce;∎ familiar take it easy! (don't get angry) du calme!□∎ don't take any nonsense! ne te laisse pas faire!;∎ your father won't take any nonsense ton père ne plaisante pas avec ce genre de choses;∎ she can take it elle tiendra le coup;∎ esp American I'm not taking any! je ne marche pas!;∎ we couldn't take any more on n'en pouvait plus;∎ I can't take much more of this je commence à en avoir assez, je ne vais pas supporter cela bien longtemps;∎ I find his constant sarcasm rather hard to take je trouve ses sarcasmes perpétuels difficiles à supporter;∎ don't expect me to take this lying down ne comptez pas sur moi pour accepter ça sans rien dire;∎ those shoes have taken a lot of punishment ces chaussures en ont vu de toutes les couleurs;∎ to take heavy loads (crane, engine etc) supporter de lourdes charges;∎ it won't take your weight ça ne supportera pas ton poids(e) (experience, feel)∎ to take fright prendre peur;∎ to take an interest in sb/sth s'intéresser à qn/qch;∎ don't take offence ne vous vexez pas, ne vous offensez pas;∎ no offence taken il n'y a pas de mal;∎ we take pleasure in travelling nous prenons plaisir à voyager;∎ she takes pride in her work elle est fière de ce qu'elle fait;∎ to take pride in one's appearance prendre soin de sa personneG.(a) (consider, look at) prendre, considérer;∎ take Einstein (for example) prenons (l'exemple d')Einstein;∎ take the case of Colombia prenons le cas de la Colombie;∎ taking everything into consideration tout bien considéré;∎ to take sb/sth seriously prendre qn/qch au sérieux∎ do you take me for an idiot? vous me prenez pour un idiot?;∎ what do you take me for? pour qui me prenez-vous?;∎ I took you for an Englishman je vous croyais anglais;∎ he took me for somebody else il m'a pris pour quelqu'un d'autre;∎ to take the news as or to be true tenir la nouvelle pour vraie;∎ how old do you take her to be? quel âge est-ce que tu lui donnes?(c) (suppose, presume) supposer, présumer;∎ he's never been to Madrid, I take it si je comprends bien, il n'a jamais été à Madrid;∎ I take it you're his mother je suppose que vous êtes sa mère(d) (interpret, understand) prendre, comprendre;∎ we never know how to take his jokes on ne sait jamais comment prendre ses plaisanteries;∎ don't take that literally ne le prenez pas au pied de la lettre;∎ he was slow to take my meaning il lui a fallu un moment avant de comprendre ce que je voulais direH.∎ how long will it take to get there? combien de temps faudra-t-il pour y aller?;∎ the flight takes three hours le vol dure trois heures;∎ it will take you ten minutes vous en avez pour dix minutes;∎ it took him a minute to understand il a mis une minute avant de comprendre;∎ it took us longer than I expected cela nous a pris plus de temps que je ne pensais;∎ it takes time to learn a language il faut du temps pour apprendre une langue;∎ what kind of batteries does it take? quelle sorte de piles faut-il?;∎ my car takes unleaded ma voiture roule au sans-plomb;∎ he took a bit of coaxing before he accepted il a fallu le pousser un peu pour qu'il accepte;∎ it took four people to stop the brawl ils ont dû se mettre à quatre pour arrêter la bagarre;∎ it takes a clever man to do that bien malin ou habile qui peut le faire;∎ it takes courage to admit one's mistakes il faut du courage pour admettre ses erreurs;∎ it takes patience to work with children il faut de la patience ou il faut être patient pour travailler avec les enfants;∎ one glance was all it took un regard a suffi;∎ the job took some doing la tâche n'a pas été facile;∎ that will take some explaining voilà qui va demander des explications;∎ her story takes some believing son histoire n'est pas facile à croire;∎ to have what it takes to do/to be sth avoir les qualités nécessaires pour faire/être qch;∎ we need someone with leadership qualities - she has what it takes il nous faut quelqu'un qui ait des qualités de dirigeant - ce n'est pas ce qui lui manque;∎ familiar he's so lazy - it takes one to know one! il est vraiment paresseux - tu peux parler!∎ "falloir" takes the subjunctive "falloir" est suivi du subjonctif;∎ noun that takes an "s" in the plural nom qui prend un "s" au plurielI.(a) (food, drink etc) prendre;∎ do you take milk in your coffee? prenez-vous du lait dans votre café?;∎ how do you take your coffee? qu'est-ce que tu prends dans ton café?;∎ I invited him to take tea je l'ai invité à prendre le thé;∎ she refused to take any food elle a refusé de manger (quoi que ce soit);∎ to take drugs se droguer;∎ how many pills has he taken? combien de comprimés a-t-il pris ou absorbé?;∎ not to be taken internally (on packaging) (à) usage externe;∎ to be taken twice a day (on packaging) à prendre deux fois par jour;∎ to take the air prendre l'air∎ she takes a size 10 elle prend du 38;∎ what size shoe do you take? quelle est votre pointure?∎ I'll take it je le prends;∎ what newspaper do you take? quel journal prenez-vous?;∎ take your partners (at dance) invitez vos partenaires(d) (occupy → chair, seat) prendre, s'asseoir sur;∎ take a seat asseyez-vous;∎ take your seats! prenez vos places!;∎ is this seat taken? cette place est-elle occupée ou prise?(e) (hold → of container, building etc) contenir, avoir une capacité de;∎ this bus takes fifty passengers c'est un car de cinquante places(f) (ascertain, find out) prendre;∎ to take sb's pulse/temperature prendre le pouls/la température de qn;∎ to take a reading from a meter lire ou relever un compteur(g) (write down → notes, letter) prendre;∎ he took a note of her address il a noté son adresse(h) (subtract) soustraire, déduire;∎ they took 10 percent off the price ils ont baissé le prix de 10 pour cent;∎ take 4 from 9 and you have 5 ôtez 4 de 9, il reste 5∎ I took Latin and Greek at A level ≃ j'ai pris latin et grec au bac;∎ she took her degree last year elle a obtenu son diplôme l'an dernier;∎ she takes us for maths on l'a en maths∎ to take a service célébrer un office;∎ the assistant director took the rehearsals l'assistant réalisateur s'est occupé des répétitions(k) (contract, develop)∎ to take a chill, to take cold prendre froid;∎ to take sick, to be taken ill tomber malade;∎ I was taken with a fit of the giggles j'ai été pris d'un fou rire;∎ she took an instant dislike to him elle l'a tout de suite pris en aversion(l) (direct, aim)∎ she took a swipe at him elle a voulu le gifler;∎ Football to take a penalty tirer un penalty∎ she takes all her problems to her sister elle raconte tous ses problèmes à sa sœur;∎ he took the matter to his boss il a soumis la question à son patron;∎ Law they intend to take the case to the High Court ils ont l'intention d'en appeler à la Cour suprême∎ he took an axe to the door il a donné des coups de hache dans la porte;∎ take the scissors to it vas-y avec les ciseaux;∎ his father took a stick to him son père lui a donné des coups de bâton;∎ Law they took legal proceedings against him ils lui ont intenté un procès(o) (catch unawares) prendre, surprendre;∎ to take sb by surprise or off guard surprendre qn, prendre qn au dépourvu;∎ his death took us by surprise sa mort nous a surpris∎ they took him for every penny (he was worth) ils lui ont pris jusqu'à son dernier sou(a) (work, have desired effect) prendre;∎ did the dye take? est-ce que la teinture a pris?;∎ it was too cold for the seeds to take il faisait trop froid pour que les graines germent(b) (become popular) prendre, avoir du succès3 noun(b) Cinema, Photography & Television prise f de vue; Radio enregistrement m, prise f de son; (of record etc) enregistrement m∎ what's your take on her attitude? comment est-ce que tu interprètes son attitude?∎ to be on the take toucher des pots-de-vin□, palper(astonish) étonner, ébahir; (disconcert) déconcerter;∎ her question took him aback sa question l'a déconcerté;∎ I was taken aback by the news la nouvelle m'a beaucoup surprisressembler à, tenir de;∎ she takes after her mother in looks physiquement, elle tient de sa mère(a) (dismantle) démonter;∎ figurative they took the room apart looking for evidence ils ont mis la pièce sens dessus dessous pour trouver des preuves(b) (criticize) critiquerprendre à part, emmener à l'écart;∎ the boss took her aside for a chat le patron l'a prise à part pour discuter∎ take that knife away from him enlevez-lui ce couteau;∎ they took away his pension ils lui ont retiré sa pension;∎ they took their daughter away from the club ils ont retiré leur fille du club;∎ his work took him away from his family for long periods son travail le tenait éloigné de sa famille pendant de longues périodes;∎ euphemism the police took his father away son père a été arrêté par la police;∎ it takes away the fun ça gâche tout∎ not to be taken away (in library) à consulter sur place(c) Mathematics soustraire, retrancher;∎ nine take away six is three neuf moins six font trois∎ that doesn't take away from his achievements as an athlete ça n'enlève rien à ses exploits d'athlète;∎ to take away from the pleasure/value of sth diminuer le plaisir/la valeur de qch(a) (after absence, departure) reprendre;∎ she took her husband back elle a accepté que son mari revienne vivre avec elle;∎ the factory took back the workers l'usine a repris les ouvriers(b) (gift, unsold goods, sale item etc) reprendre∎ take it back to the shop rapporte-le au magasin;∎ he took her back home il l'a raccompagnée ou ramenée chez elle(d) (retract, withdraw) retirer, reprendre;∎ I take back everything I said je retire tout ce que j'ai dit;∎ all right, I take it back! d'accord, je n'ai rien dit!∎ that takes me back to my childhood ça me rappelle mon enfance;∎ that song takes me back forty years cette chanson me ramène quarante ans en arrière;∎ it takes you back a bit, doesn't it? ça ne nous rajeunit pas tout ça, hein?(f) Typography transférer à la ligne précédente∎ the lift took us down to the 4th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 4ème étage∎ she took the book down from the shelf elle a pris le livre sur l'étagère;∎ can you help me take the curtains down? peux-tu m'aider à décrocher les rideaux?;∎ she took his picture down from the wall elle a enlevé sa photo du mur;∎ he took his trousers down il a baissé son pantalon∎ he took down the registration number il a relevé le numéro d'immatriculation;∎ to take down a letter in shorthand prendre une lettre en sténo(d) (dismantle → scaffolding, circus tent) démonterse démonter(b) (bring into one's home → person) héberger; (→ boarder) prendre; (→ orphan, stray animal) recueillir;∎ she takes in ironing elle fait du repassage à domicile∎ the police took him in la police l'a mis ou placé en garde à vue(d) (air, water, food etc)∎ she can only take in food intravenously on ne peut la nourrir que par intraveineuse;∎ whales take in air through their blowhole les baleines respirent par l'évent(e) (understand, perceive) saisir, comprendre;∎ he was sitting taking it all in il était là, assis, écoutant tout ce qui se disait;∎ he didn't take in the real implications of her announcement il n'a pas saisi les véritables implications de sa déclaration;∎ I can't take in the fact that I've won je n'arrive pas à croire que j'ai gagné;∎ she took in the situation at a glance elle a compris la situation en un clin d'œil∎ you'd better take in the slack on the rope tu ferais bien de tendre ou retendre la corde;∎ Nautical to take in a sail carguer ou serrer une voile∎ the tour takes in all the important towns l'excursion passe par toutes les villes importantes(h) (attend, go to) aller à;∎ to take in a show aller au théâtre;∎ she took in the castle while in Blois elle a visité le château pendant qu'elle était à Blois;∎ they took in the sights in Rome ils ont fait le tour des sites touristiques à Rome∎ don't be taken in by him ne vous laissez pas rouler par lui;∎ I'm not going to be taken in by your lies je ne suis pas dupe de tes mensonges□ ;∎ he was completely taken in il marchait complètement➲ take off(a) (remove → clothing, lid, make-up, tag) enlever;∎ the boy took his clothes off le garçon a enlevé ses vêtements ou s'est déshabillé;∎ she took her glasses off elle a enlevé ses lunettes;∎ he often takes the phone off the hook il laisse souvent le téléphone décroché;∎ to take sb off a list rayer qn d'une liste;∎ the surgeon had to take her leg off le chirurgien a dû l'amputer de la jambe;∎ Cars to take off the brake desserrer le frein (à main);∎ figurative he didn't take his eyes off her all night il ne l'a pas quittée des yeux de la soirée;∎ I tried to take her mind off her troubles j'ai essayé de lui changer les idées ou de la distraire de ses ennuis;∎ familiar his retirement has taken ten years off him sa retraite l'a rajeuni de dix ans□ ;∎ to take sth off sb's hands débarrasser qn de qch;∎ I'll take the baby off your hands for a few hours je vais garder le bébé pendant quelques heures, ça te libérera∎ the teacher took one point off her grade le professeur lui a retiré un point;∎ the manager took 10 percent off the price le directeur a baissé le prix de 10 pour cent(c) (lead away) emmener;∎ she was taken off to hospital on l'a transportée à l'hôpital;∎ the murderer was taken off to jail on a emmené l'assassin en prison;∎ her friend took her off to dinner son ami l'a emmenée dîner;∎ she took herself off to Italy elle est partie en Italie;∎ to take the passengers off (by boat from a ship) débarquer les passagers;∎ the injured man was taken off the ship by helicopter le blessé a été évacué du bateau par hélicoptère∎ to take some time off prendre un congé;∎ take a few days off prenez quelques jours de vacances ou de congé;∎ she takes Thursdays off elle ne travaille pas le jeudi(a) (aeroplane) décoller;∎ they took off for or to Heathrow ils se sont envolés pour Heathrow∎ he took off without telling us il est parti sans nous avertir➲ take on(a) (accept, undertake) prendre, accepter;∎ to take on the responsibility for sth se charger de qch;∎ don't take on more than you can handle ne vous surchargez pas;∎ she took it on herself to tell him elle a pris sur elle de le lui dire;∎ to take on a bet accepter un pari∎ the unions took on the government les syndicats se sont attaqués ou s'en sont pris au gouvernement;∎ I shouldn't like to take him on je n'aimerais pas avoir affaire à lui;∎ he took us on at poker il nous a défiés au poker(c) (acquire, assume) prendre, revêtir;∎ her face took on a worried look elle a pris un air inquiet;∎ the word takes on another meaning le mot prend une autre significationfamiliar (fret, carry on) s'en faire;∎ don't take on so! ne t'en fais pas!∎ take the cheese out of the refrigerator sors le fromage du réfrigérateur;∎ he took the knife out of his pocket il a sorti le couteau de sa poche;∎ take your hands out of your pockets enlève les mains de tes poches;∎ they took their children out of school ils ont retiré leurs enfants de l'école;∎ Medicine to take out sb's appendix/tonsils enlever l'appendice/les amygdales à qn;∎ figurative to take the food out of sb's mouth retirer le pain de la bouche de qn∎ to take sb out to dinner/to the movies emmener qn dîner/au cinéma;∎ I took her out for a bike ride je l'ai emmenée faire un tour à vélo;∎ would you take the dog out? tu veux bien sortir le chien ou aller promener le chien?(d) (obtain → subscription) prendre; (→ insurance policy) souscrire à, prendre; (→ licence) se procurer; (→ patent) prendre;∎ to take out a mortgage faire un emprunt immobilier∎ to take sb out (kill) buter qn, zigouiller qn, refroidir qn;∎ the planes took the factory out by bombing les avions ont détruit l'usine (en la bombardant)∎ to take out one's partner changer la couleur annoncée par son partenaire∎ to take sb out of himself/herself changer les idées à qn;∎ familiar working as an interpreter takes a lot out of you le travail d'interprète est épuisant□ ;∎ familiar the operation really took it out of him l'opération l'a mis à plat;∎ familiar it takes the fun out of it ça gâche tout□ ;∎ familiar to take it out on sb s'en prendre à qn□ ;∎ familiar he took his anger out on his wife il a passé sa colère sur sa femme□ ;∎ familiar don't take it out on me! ne t'en prends pas à moi!□(a) (assume responsibility of) reprendre;∎ he wants his daughter to take over the business il veut que sa fille reprenne l'affaire;∎ she took over my classes elle a pris la suite de mes cours;∎ will you be taking over his job? est-ce que vous allez le remplacer (dans ses fonctions)?(b) (gain control of, invade) s'emparer de;∎ the military took over the country l'armée a pris le pouvoir;∎ she takes the place over (by being bossy etc) elle joue les despotes;∎ fast-food restaurants have taken over Paris les fast-foods ou French Canadian restaurants-minute ont envahi Paris∎ they were taken over by a Japanese firm ils ont été rachetés par une entreprise japonaise∎ I'll take you over by car je vais vous y conduire en voiture;∎ the boat took us over to Seattle le bateau nous a emmenés jusqu'à Seattle(e) Typography transférer à la ligne suivante∎ who will take over now that the mayor has stepped down? qui va prendre la relève maintenant que le maire a donné sa démission?;∎ I'll take over when he leaves je le remplacerai quand il partira;∎ will he allow her to take over? va-t-il lui céder la place?;∎ compact discs have taken over from records le (disque) compact a remplacé le (disque) vinyle(b) (army, dictator) prendre le pouvoir(a) (have a liking for → person) se prendre d'amitié ou de sympathie pour, prendre en amitié; (→ activity, game) prendre goût à;∎ I think he took to you je crois que vous lui avez plu;∎ we took to one another at once nous avons tout de suite sympathisé;∎ she didn't take to him il ne lui a pas plu;∎ we've really taken to golf nous avons vraiment pris goût au golf(b) (acquire as a habit) se mettre à;∎ to take to drink or to the bottle se mettre à boire;∎ to take to doing sth se mettre à faire qch;∎ she took to wearing black elle s'est mise à s'habiller en noir(c) (make for, head for)∎ he's taken to his bed with the flu il est alité avec la grippe;∎ the rebels took to the hills les insurgés se sont réfugiés dans les collines;∎ they took to the woods ils se sont enfuis dans les bois;∎ to take to the road prendre la route;∎ to take to the boats monter dans les canots de sauvetage➲ take up∎ the lift took us up to the 25th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 25ème étage(b) (pick up → object) ramasser, prendre; (→ passenger) prendre; (→ paving stones, railway tracks) enlever;∎ she took up the notes from the table elle a ramassé ou pris les notes sur la table;∎ they're taking up the street la rue est en travaux;∎ we finally took up the carpet nous avons enfin enlevé la moquette∎ you'd better take up the slack in that rope tu ferais mieux de retendre ou tendre cette corde∎ this table takes up too much room cette table prend trop de place ou est trop encombrante;∎ moving house took up the whole day le déménagement a pris toute la journée;∎ her work takes up all her attention son travail l'absorbe complètement(f) (begin, become interested in → activity, hobby) se mettre à; (→ job) prendre; (→ career) commencer, embrasser;∎ when did you take up Greek? quand est-ce que tu t'es mis au grec?;∎ I've taken up gardening je me suis mis au jardinage(g) (continue, resume) reprendre, continuer;∎ I took up the tale where Susan had left off j'ai repris l'histoire là où Susan l'avait laissée;∎ she took up her knitting again elle a repris son tricot(h) (adopt → attitude) prendre, adopter; (→ method) adopter; (→ place, position) prendre; (→ idea) adopter;∎ they took up residence in town ils se sont installés en ville;∎ to take up one's duties entrer en fonctions∎ take it up with the boss parlez-en au patron(k) (shares, stock) souscrire àreprendre, continuer∎ he took it upon himself to organize the meeting il s'est chargé d'organiser la réunion(a) (accept offer, advice of)∎ his daughter took him up on his advice sa fille a suivi ses conseils;∎ he might take you up on that someday! il risque de vous prendre au mot un jour!;∎ she took him up on his promise elle a mis sa parole à l'épreuve∎ I'd like to take you up on that point j'aimerais revenir sur ce point avec vous∎ to take up with sb se lier d'amitié avec qn, prendre qn en amitié;∎ she took up with a bad crowd elle s'est mise à fréquenter des vauriens∎ to be taken up with doing sth être occupé à faire qch;∎ she's very taken up with him elle ne pense qu'à lui;∎ she's taken up with her business elle est très prise par ses affaires;∎ meetings were taken up with talk about the economy on passait les réunions à parler de l'économieⓘ Take me to your leader Il s'agit de la formule prononcée par les extra-terrestres fraîchement débarqués sur terre dans les vieux films de science-fiction et adressée au premier terrien rencontré. On emploie cette phrase ("menez-moi jusqu'à votre chef") de façon humoristique lorsque, dans une situation donnée, on désire parler au responsable. -
46 watch
watch [wɒtʃ]regarder ⇒ 1 (a), 2 (a) observer ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 2 (a) surveiller ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c) faire attention à ⇒ 1 (d) suivre de près ⇒ 1 (d) veiller ⇒ 2 (b) montre ⇒ 3 (a) surveillance ⇒ 3 (b) garde ⇒ 3 (c), 3 (d)∎ they watch a lot of television ils regardent beaucoup la télévision;∎ is there anything worth watching on TV? est-ce qu'il y a quelque chose de bien (à regarder) à la télévision?;∎ I watched her working je la regardais travailler;∎ the crowds were watching the lions being fed la foule regardait les lions qu'on était en train de nourrir;∎ we sat outside watching the world go by nous étions assis dehors à regarder les gens passer;∎ watch how I do it, watch me regardez ou observez comment je fais;∎ I bet he ignores us, just you watch! je parie qu'il va nous ignorer, tu vas voir!;∎ proverb a watched pot never boils = inutile de s'inquiéter, ça ne fera pas avancer les choses∎ you'd better watch him vous feriez bien de le surveiller ou de l'avoir à l'œil;∎ I think we're being watched (gen) j'ai l'impression qu'on nous observe ou qu'on nous surveille; (by police, thieves) j'ai l'impression qu'on nous surveille(c) (guard, tend → children, pet) surveiller, s'occuper de; (→ belongings, house) surveiller, garder; Military monter la garde devant, garder(d) (pay attention to → health, weight) faire attention à; (→ development, situation) suivre de près;∎ watch where you're going! regardez devant vous!;∎ watch what you're doing! faites bien attention (à ce que vous faites)!;∎ watch you don't spill the coffee fais attention à ou prends garde de ne pas renverser le café;∎ can you watch the milk? peux-tu surveiller le lait?;∎ I'm watching the classifieds for any job opportunities je regarde les petites annonces pour les offres d'emploi;∎ watch you don't break anything faites attention à ne rien casser;∎ we'd better watch the time il faut que nous surveillions l'heure;∎ stop watching the clock and do some work! arrêtez de surveiller la pendule et travaillez un peu!;∎ watch this space = annonce d'une publicité ou d'informations à paraître;∎ watch your head! attention ou gare à votre tête!;∎ watch your language! surveille ton langage!;∎ also figurative watch your step faites attention ou regardez où vous mettez les pieds;∎ you should watch your step or watch yourself with the boss vous feriez bien de vous surveiller quand vous êtes avec le patron∎ I watched to see how she would react j'ai attendu pour voir quelle serait sa réaction;∎ he watched closely as I removed the bandage il a regardé ou observé attentivement quand j'ai enlevé le bandage;∎ I just came to watch je suis simplement venu regarder, je suis venu en simple spectateur(b) (keep vigil) veiller;∎ his mother watched by his bedside sa mère a veillé à son chevet3 noun(a) (timepiece) montre f;∎ it's six o'clock by my watch il est six heures à ma montre∎ British be on the watch for pickpockets faites attention ou prenez garde aux voleurs à la tire;∎ British tax inspectors are always on the watch for fraud les inspecteurs des impôts sont toujours à l'affût des fraudeurs;∎ a sentry was on watch or kept watch une sentinelle montait la garde;∎ to keep watch by sb's bed veiller au chevet de qn;∎ the police kept a close watch on the suspect la police a surveillé le suspect de près;∎ we'll keep watch on your house during your absence nous surveillerons votre maison pendant votre absence;∎ we're keeping a watch on inflation rates nous surveillons de près les taux d'inflation(c) (person on guard → gen) & Military sentinelle f; Nautical homme m de quart; (group of guards → gen) & Military garde f; Nautical quart m∎ in the slow watches of the night pendant les longues nuits sans sommeil►► watch chain chaîne f de montre;watch crystal verre m de montre;watch night nuit f de la Saint-Sylvestre;watch night service messe f (de minuit) de la Saint-Sylvestre;watch pocket gousset mguetter, surveiller;∎ he watched for a chance to approach the President il attendait une occasion d'approcher le Président;∎ watch for any sudden changes in temperature surveillez toute variation soudaine de la température;∎ something to watch for this month is the London marathon la chose à ne pas rater ce mois-ci, c'est le marathon de Londresfaire attention, prendre garde;∎ watch out! (warning) (faites) attention!;∎ you'd better watch out, the boss knows tu devrais te méfier, le patron est au courant;∎ to watch out for sth (be on lookout for) guetter qch; (be careful of) faire attention ou prendre garde à qch;∎ watch out for the bus guettez le bus;∎ watch out for the fine print faites bien attention à toutes les clauses;∎ watch out for Ronnie! gare à Ronnie!garder, surveiller;∎ the shepherds were watching over their flocks les bergers gardaient ou surveillaient leurs troupeaux;∎ she watched over the children while we were gone elle a surveillé les enfants ou elle s'est occupée des enfants pendant notre absence;∎ God will watch over you Dieu vous protégera -
47 flight
1. полет; рейс/ летный; полетный; рейсовый2. отряд; звено <ЛА>см. тж. flightflights per month1-g flight4-D flightaccelerated flightacceptance flightaccident flightaccumulated flightsaerobatic flightafterburning flightagile flightair taxi flightair-breathing flightair-refueled flightairplane-mode flightall-attitude flightall-inertial flightaltimeter flightaltimeter-controlled flightanimal flightarea familiarization flightautomatic flightavionics evaluation flightaxial flightbalanced flightbest-range flightboomless flightbuffet flightcertificate of airworthiness flightcheck flightclimbing flightcombat flightconnecting flightconstant airspeed-constant lift coefficient flightconstant altitude-constant airspeed flightconstant altitude-constant lift coefficient flightconstant altitude flightcontrollable flightcontrolled flight into terraincoordinated flightcross-controlled flightcruise-climb flightcurvilinear flightdata-recording flightdelivery flightdeparted flightdeparture-resistant flightdescending flightdisturbed flightdomestic flighteast-west flightedgewise flightenvelope clearance flightenvelope expansion flightequilibrium flightevaluation flightexercise flightexperimental flightferry flightfixed-rotor flightfixed-wing flightflawless flightforward flightfree flightfree-hovering flightfull-wingborne flightfull-scale flightfull-throttle flightfunctional flightgliding flightground-air-ground flighthard altitude-hard airspeed flighthigh-angle flighthigh-angle-of-attack flighthigh-AOA flighthigh-g flighthigh-low-high flighthigh-speed flighthigh-subsonic flighthomeward flighthorizontal flighthovering flighthub flightHUD flighthuman-powered flightIFR flightinertial flightinertially guided flightinstrument flight rules flightinverted flightjet-borne flightlarge-angle maneuvering flightlevel flightlong-endurance flightlong-haul flightlong-range flightlow-level flightmaiden flightmaneuvering flightmanned flightmanual flightmanually controlled flightmaximum continuous flightmaximum turning rate flightmaximum endurance flightmean flights between maintenance actionsmicroburst wind-shear sampling flightmidcourse flightminimum time flightminimum turning radius flightmishap flightmoderate supersonic flightmost-economical flightnap-of-the-earth flightnearly-horizontal flightno-radar flightnonlevel flightnonmaneuver flightnonmaneuvering flightnonscheduled flightnonturning flighton-line flightone-g flightone-stop flightOOC flightopen-loop flightoperational flightorientation flightout-of-control flightoutward flightover-ocean flightparabolic flightpost-maintenance check flightpost-stall flightpower-off flightpre-delivery flightquasi-steady-state flightradar flightrearward flightrectilinear flightrevenue flightrocket-borne flightrotary-wing flightrotational flightroute-proving flightsemiballistic flightshakedown flightshort-range flightshuttle flightsideways flightsightseeing flightsimulated terrain following flightslow flightsmooth flightspin flightspinning flightstable flightstall flightstalled flightsteady flightsteady-state flightstepped-altitude flightstopped rotor flightstore certification flightstraight flightstraight-line flightsuper-stalled flightsupernormal flightsupersonic flightsustained flightsymmetric flighttail-rotorless flightterminal maneuvering area flightterrain flightterrain-avoidance flightterrain-following flighttethered flightTF/TA flightto depart from controlled flighttraining flighttransition flighttrimmed flightturning flighttwo-dimensional flightultrahigh-altitude flightup-and-away flightunaccelerated flightuncoordinated flightunpowered flightunyawed flightvertebrate flightvertical flightvertical-plane flightVFR flightVIP flightvisual flightvisual flight rules flightvoiсe-controlled flightVSTOL flightwater-bombing flightwest bound flightwingborne flightwings-level flightworld-wide flightyawed flight -
48 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
[br]b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USAd. 3 May 1969 California, USA[br]American pioneer of diesel rail traction.[br]Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.[br]Further ReadingP.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
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