a+man's

ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].

In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:

humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,

id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,

id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

levantes Corpus et animum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:

formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,

Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:

animi validus et corpore ingens,

id. A. 15, 53:

Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,

first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:

animosa signa,

life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,

id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:

In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,

id. ib. 1, 29, 70:

corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,

derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,

id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:

discessus animi a corpore,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:

cum nihil erit praeter animum,

when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,

animus vacans corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:

animus sine corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 51:

sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,

Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):

Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,

id. ib. 1, 16, 36:

Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,

id. ib. 1, 16, 38:

Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:

aeternitas animorum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—

In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).

1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:

cogito cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:

cum animis vestris cogitare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 24:

recordari cum animo,

id. Clu. 25, 70;

and without cum: animo meditari,

Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:

cogitare volvereque animo,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

animo cogitare,

Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:

statuere apud animum,

Liv. 34, 2:

proposui in animo meo,

Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:

nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:

in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —

For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,

Cic. Clu. 146:

magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,

Verg. A. 6, 11:

complecti animo et cogitatione,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

animis et cogitatione comprehendere,

id. Fl. 27, 66:

cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56:

animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—

Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:

etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:

ex animo effluere,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;

... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,

Verg. E. 9, 51.—

Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):

vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,

I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,

Verg. A. 10, 487:

animusque reliquit euntem,

Ov. M. 10, 459:

nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,

id. ib. 14, 177:

linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,

Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:

ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,

Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—

The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):

cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,

Lucr. 4, 1135:

quos conscius animus exagitabat,

Sall. C. 14, 3:

suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—

In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:

e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:

meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:

edepol lenones meo animo novisti,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:

nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:

EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3665:

ex animi tui sententia,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—

The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):

cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,

id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;

litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

Nihil animo videre poterant,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—

The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.

a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:

harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:

Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),

Verg. A. 2, 73:

Hoc fletu concussi animi,

id. ib. 9, 498;

4, 310: animum offendere,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:

Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:

mala mens, malus animus,

bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:

animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,

Cic. Arch. 6, 14:

Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,

id. Sen. 11, 36:

ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:

Istuc mens animusque fert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:

Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,

Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—

And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:

mente animoque nobiscum agunt,

Tac. G. 29:

quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,

id. H. 1, 84;

and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,

a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,

pravitas animi atque ingenii,

Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):

Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:

animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

animum comprimit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53:

animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:

sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,

Enn. Ann. 6, 40:

tremere animo,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:

ingentes animo concipit iras,

Ov. M. 1, 166:

exsultare animo,

id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:

Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?

from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:

nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:

sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,

Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:

majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,

id. Fam. 11, 22:

ex animo vereque diligi,

id. ib. 9, 6, 2:

ex animo dolere,

Hor. A. P. 432:

quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,

Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.

With verbs:

Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:

Antipho me excruciat animi,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

discrucior animi,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:

in spe pendebit animi,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—

With adjj.:

aeger animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:

infelix animi,

Verg. A. 4, 529:

felix animi,

Juv. 14, 159:

victus animi,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

ferox animi,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

promptus animi,

id. H. 2, 23:

praestans animi,

Verg. A. 12, 19:

ingens animi,

Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—

Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:

animo audaci proripit sese,

Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:

petulans protervo, iracundo animo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:

ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:

promptus animus vester,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5:

Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,

Ov. M. 13, 550:

Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

sordidus atque animi parvi,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

Drusus animi fluxioris erat,

Suet. Tib. 52.—

In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —

Courage, spirit:

ibi nostris animus additus est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:

deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,

Lucr. 6, 1232:

virtute atque animo resistere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

fac animo magno fortique sis,

id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:

Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,

id. Att. 5, 20, 3:

nostris animus augetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 70:

mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,

Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:

Nunc demum redit animus,

Tac. Agr. 3:

bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,

Ov. M. 5, 47:

pares annis animisque,

id. ib. 7, 558:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:

tela viris animusque cadunt,

id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:

In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:

bono animo fac sis,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:

quin tu animo bono es,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

quare bono animo es,

Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;

so also, satis animi,

sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:

magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,

Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:

Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,

Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:

dant animos plagae,

give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—

Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,

Quint. 10, 1, 113. —

Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,

id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:

quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—

Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:

animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,

Cic. Marcell. 3:

animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

qui dominatur animo suo,

Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:

vince animos iramque tuam,

Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:

Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,

id. 2, 5, 18:

Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,

Luc. 8, 28:

coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,

Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —

Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:

si est animus aequos tibi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:

aequo animo ferre,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:

aequo animo esse,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:

animis aequis remittere,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

aequiore animo successorem opperiri,

Suet. Tib. 25:

haud aequioribus animis audire,

Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:

iniquo animo,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—

Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:

cubat amans animo obsequens,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:

indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,

Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:

haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12):

Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:

liberare fidicinam animi gratia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 90:

qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6:

habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,

id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:

Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—

Disposition toward any one:

hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:

meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,

id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:

qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,

id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;

5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,

id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:

animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,

Suet. Oth. 8:

Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,

Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:

salve, anime mi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:

da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,

id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —

The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:

qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,

Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:

pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:

Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,

goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,

pro animi mei voluntate,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):

teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,

Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:

Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:

Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

id. And. 2, 3, 4:

Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:

Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?

id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:

qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:

istum exheredare in animo habebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:

hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,

with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:

omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,

Ov. M. 5, 150:

Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,

Verg. A. 4, 639:

Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,

Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—

Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.

Of brutes:

in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,

whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,

id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:

(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,

Verg. G. 4, 83:

Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,

Ov. M. 3, 544:

cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,

Col. 6, 1, 1:

Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,

id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:

iniquae mentis asellus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—

Of plants:

haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,

their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—

Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:

certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):

Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

Verg. A. 1, 11.

ăsĭnus, i, m. [acc. to Benfey, I. p. 123, and Hehn foll. by Curtius, an oriental word, perh. the Heb., asina; cf. Goth. asilus; Lith. asilas; Erse, assul; Celt. asen or assen; Engl. ass; and Gr. onos, which latter two forms the Lat. seems to have in combination], an ass.

Lit., Cato, R. R. 10, 1; 11, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14; 2, 6, 1 al.; Col. 6, 37, 8; 6, 7, 1 al.; Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 167 sqq. et saep.; Vulg. Gen. 12, 6; ib. Isa. 1, 3; ib. Luc. 13, 15; 14, 5 et persaepe.—Prov.:

qui asinum non potest, stratum caedit,

i. e. he, that cannot find the offender, avenges himself on the unoffending, Petr. 45, 8:

in tegulis, of an odd appearance,

id. 45, 63: ad lyram, of an awkward man, acc. to Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 16:

sepulturā asini sepelietur, of a contemptible and unworthy man,

Vulg. Jer. 22, 19.—

Trop., an ass, a dolt, simpleton, blockhead:

neque ego homines magis asinos umquam vidi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 4; Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4. —Hence, as a term of insult:

Quid tu autem huic, asine, auscultas?

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 12; id. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

Quid nunc te, asine, litteras doceam? Non opus est verbis, sed fustibus,

Cic. Pis. 30.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĭmembris, e, adj. [bis - membrum], having double members:

puer,

half man, half beast, Juv. 13, 64; most freq. a poet. epithet of the Centaurs ( half man, half horse; cf. bicorpor and biformis):

Centauri bimembres,

Sil. 3, 41:

forma bimembris,

Ov. H. 9, 99.—

Subst.: bĭmembres, ium, comm., = Centauri, the Centaurs: nubigenae, * Verg. A. 8, 293 Heyn. and Jahn; Ov. M. 12, 240; 12, 494; 15, 283; Stat. Th. 12, 554.

bĭmembris, e, adj. [bis - membrum], having double members:

puer,

half man, half beast, Juv. 13, 64; most freq. a poet. epithet of the Centaurs ( half man, half horse; cf. bicorpor and biformis):

Centauri bimembres,

Sil. 3, 41:

forma bimembris,

Ov. H. 9, 99.—

Subst.: bĭmembres, ium, comm., = Centauri, the Centaurs: nubigenae, * Verg. A. 8, 293 Heyn. and Jahn; Ov. M. 12, 240; 12, 494; 15, 283; Stat. Th. 12, 554.

căpĭtŭlum, i, n. dim. [caput].

Lit., a small head, of man or beast:

operto capitulo bibere,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14.— Hence, in the lang. of comedy, for a man, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 89;

and as a term of endearment: o capitulum lepidissimum,

most charming creature, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 25:

haedi,

Cels. 2, 22.—

Of plants:

caepae,

Col. 11, 3, 15:

sarmenti,

id. 3, 77, 4:

torcularii,

Cato, R. R. 18, 4 al. (perh. also ramulorum, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173; 27, 5, 20, § 37; cf. capitellum).—

Transf.

In architecture.

The capital or chapiter of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178 sq.—

The capital of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3, 8.—

The cross-beam of warlike engines, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 17.—

In late Lat., a covering for the head of females, Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 30.—

Also late Lat., a prominent part or division of a writing, a chapter, section, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, 19; Hier. in Ezech. c. 47 fin. —

A section of a law, Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28.—

The raising of recruits (as an office), Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.

Căpĭtŭlum, i, n., a town of the Hernici in Latium, now perh. Paliano, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—Hence, Căpĭtŭlen-ses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Capitulum, Dig. 50, 15, 8, § 7.

căpĭtŭlum, i, n. dim. [caput].

Lit., a small head, of man or beast:

operto capitulo bibere,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14.— Hence, in the lang. of comedy, for a man, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 89;

and as a term of endearment: o capitulum lepidissimum,

most charming creature, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 25:

haedi,

Cels. 2, 22.—

Of plants:

caepae,

Col. 11, 3, 15:

sarmenti,

id. 3, 77, 4:

torcularii,

Cato, R. R. 18, 4 al. (perh. also ramulorum, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173; 27, 5, 20, § 37; cf. capitellum).—

Transf.

In architecture.

The capital or chapiter of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178 sq.—

The capital of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3, 8.—

The cross-beam of warlike engines, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 17.—

In late Lat., a covering for the head of females, Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 30.—

Also late Lat., a prominent part or division of a writing, a chapter, section, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, 19; Hier. in Ezech. c. 47 fin. —

A section of a law, Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28.—

The raising of recruits (as an office), Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.

Căpĭtŭlum, i, n., a town of the Hernici in Latium, now perh. Paliano, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—Hence, Căpĭtŭlen-ses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Capitulum, Dig. 50, 15, 8, § 7.

căpĭtŭlum, i, n. dim. [caput].

Lit., a small head, of man or beast:

operto capitulo bibere,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14.— Hence, in the lang. of comedy, for a man, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 89;

and as a term of endearment: o capitulum lepidissimum,

most charming creature, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 25:

haedi,

Cels. 2, 22.—

Of plants:

caepae,

Col. 11, 3, 15:

sarmenti,

id. 3, 77, 4:

torcularii,

Cato, R. R. 18, 4 al. (perh. also ramulorum, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173; 27, 5, 20, § 37; cf. capitellum).—

Transf.

In architecture.

The capital or chapiter of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178 sq.—

The capital of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3, 8.—

The cross-beam of warlike engines, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 17.—

In late Lat., a covering for the head of females, Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 30.—

Also late Lat., a prominent part or division of a writing, a chapter, section, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, 19; Hier. in Ezech. c. 47 fin. —

A section of a law, Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28.—

The raising of recruits (as an office), Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.

Căpĭtŭlum, i, n., a town of the Hernici in Latium, now perh. Paliano, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—Hence, Căpĭtŭlen-ses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Capitulum, Dig. 50, 15, 8, § 7.

hūmānĭtas, ātis, f. [humanus], human nature, humanity, in a good sense; the qualities, feelings, and inclinations of mankind.

In gen. (for the most part only in Cic.):

magna est vis humanitatis, multum valet communio sanguinis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

naturas hominum vimque omnem humanitatis penitus perspicere,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

humanitatis societas,

id. Rep. 2, 26:

communis humanitatis jus,

id. Fl. 11, 24; cf.:

communis humanitatis causa,

id. Quint. 16, 51:

peterem errato veniam ex humanitate communi,

id. Sull. 23, 64:

humanitatis prima species,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

at natura certe dedit, ut humanitatis non parum haberes,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

humanitatem tuam amoremque in tuos reditus celeritas declarabit,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

nec potuisse (te) non commoveri (viri amicissimi morte) nec fuisse id humanitatis tuae,

id. Lael. 2, 8:

fac, id quod est humanitatis tuae, ne quid aliud cures hoc tempore, nisi ut quam commodissime convalescas,

which you owe to yourself as a man, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

assiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154 fin.; cf.:

jam ad ista obduruimus et humanitatem omnem exuimus,

id. Att. 13, 2, 1; id. Lig. 5, 14:

nisi ex ejus animo exstirpatam humanitatem arbitramur,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

age vero, quid esse potest in otio aut jucundius aut magis proprium humanitatis quam sermo facetus ac nulla in re rudis?

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

homines quidem pereunt: ipsa humanitas, ad quam homo effingitur, permanet,

Sen. Ep. 65.—

Transf., concr., i. q. humanum genus, the human race, mankind (very rare;

mostly post-class.): ista in figura hominis feritas a communi tamquam humanitatis corpore segreganda est,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 32:

humanitatem hoc loco dicimus omne hominum genus,

Hier. Ep. 147:

timorem omnem, quo humanitas regitur, sustulerunt,

Min. Fel. Oct. 8; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 11; id. Trism. p. 288.

In partic.

Humane or gentle conduct towards others, humanity, philanthropy, gentleness, kindness, politeness (syn.: comitas, facilitas, mansuetudo, clementia, opp. severitas;

very freq. and class.): quemquamne existimas Catone proavo tuo commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?... Sed si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 31, 66; cf.:

pro tua facilitate et humanitate,

id. Fam. 13, 24, 2:

difficillimam illam societatem gravitatis cum humanitate,

id. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

ut summa severitas summa cum humanitate jungatur,

id. Fam. 12, 27:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14; cf. id. Sull. 33, 92; id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42; cf.

also: omnia plena clementiae, mansuetudinis, humanitatis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8 fin.; and: pro sua clementia atque humanitate, Hirt. B. G. 8, 21, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 2:

tantaque poena (eos) afficiamus, quantam aequitas humanitasque patitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 18:

singularis humanitas suavissimique mores,

id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6:

Caesaris summa erga nos humanitas,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 2; cf.:

amorem erga me, humanitatem suavitatemque desidero,

id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1:

humanitas vetat superbum esse adversus socios,

Sen. Ep. 88 med.:

humanitatis praecipua pars est, honestissimum quemque complecti, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 9, 5, 1:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, invicem qualiacumque laudandi,

Quint. 2, 2, 10.—

Mental cultivation befitting a man, liberal education, good breeding, elegance of manners or language, refinement (cf. on this signif. Gell. 13, 16; syn.: doctrina, litterae, eruditio;

freq. and class.): homo non communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

esse politum propriis humanitatis artibus,

id. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

humanitate politiores,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

in omni recto studio atque humanitate versari,

id. ib. 1, 60, 256:

sine ulla bona arte, sine humanitate, sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

doctrinae studium atque humanitatis,

id. Cael. 10, 24; cf.:

propter humanitatem atque doctrinam Anco regi familiaris,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

in omni genere sermonis, in omni parte humanitatis dixerim oratorem perfectum esse debere,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 35 (Ellendt ad loc.):

orator inops quidam humanitatis atque inurbanus,

id. ib. 2, 10, 40:

ea quae multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut si quis in foro cantet,

good manners, id. Off. 1, 40, 145:

Socratem opinor in hac ironia dissimulantiaque longe lepore et humanitate omnibus praestisse,

polished language, id. de Or. 2, 67, 270:

(epistulae) humanitatis sparsae sale,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

alicujus litteras aut humanitatem adamare,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

litteris, et humanitate alicujus delectari,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8.

lŭpus, i, m. [kindred with lukos; Sanscr. vrika, and our wolf], a wolf.

Lit.:

torva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam,

Verg. E. 2, 63; Plin. 10, 63, 88, § 173; 8, 22, 34, § 80:

Martialis lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9; so,

Martius,

Verg. A. 9, 566: lupus femina for lupa, a she-wolf, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 355 (Ann. v. 70 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 378, 18 (ib. v. 73):

lupus masculinum (est), quamquam Varro... lupum feminam dicit, Ennium Pictoremque Fabium secutus,

Quint. 1, 6, 12.—According to the belief of the Romans, if a wolf saw a man before the latter saw him, the man became dumb: vox quoque Moerim Jam fugit ipsa;

lupi Moerim videre priores,

Verg. E. 9, 53; cf. Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80.—Prov.: lupus in fabulā or sermone, said of the appearance of a person when he is spoken of; as we say in English, talk of the devil, and he appears:

atque eccum tibi lupum in sermone,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 71; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 21; Serv. Verg. E. 9, 54:

de Varrone loquebamur: lupus in fabulā: venit enim ad me,

Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4.—

Lupum auribus tenere, to have a wolf by the ears, to be unable to hold and afraid to let go, i. e. to be in a situation of doubt and difficulty, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 21; Suet. Tib. 25.—

Hac urget lupus, hac canis angit, on this side the wolf, on that the dog, i. e. to be placed between two fires, Hor. S. 2, 2, 64.—

Lupos apud oves custodes relinquere, Plaut. Ps. 1, 28:

ovem lupo committere,

to intrust sheep to a wolf, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16; cf.

o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum!

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27; cf.:

plenum montano credis ovile lupo?

Ov. A. A. 2, 363.—

Lupo agnum eripere, of a difficult undertaking;

as in English,

to snatch the meat from a dog's mouth, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 31.—

Lupus observavit, dum dormitaret canes, of one who watches his opportunity to be unobserved, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 133.—

Ovīs ultro fugiat lupus, of a very improbable act, Verg. E. 8, 52.—

Tantum curamus frigora, quantum numerum (ovium) lupus, i. e. do not care at all, as the wolf does not care whether the number of the sheep is right or not, Verg. E. 7, 51.—

Transf.

A voracious fish, the wolf-fish or pike, Hor. S. 2, 2, 31; Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169; 9, 17, 28, § 61; Col. 8, 16; Mart. 13, 89; Macr. S. 2, 12 bis.—

A kind of spider, Plin. 29, 4, 27, § 85; 11, 24, 28, § 80.—

A bit armed with points like wolves' teeth (frena lupata):

et placido duros (equus) accipit ore lupos,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 3; Stat. Ach. 1, 281.—

A hook with which things were hoisted:

in alios lupi superne ferrei injecti,

Liv. 28, 3, 7; Isid. Orig. 23, 15.—

A small handsaw, Pall. 1, 43, 2.—

The hop, a plant (Humulus lupulus), Plin. 21, 15, 50, § 86.

Lŭpus, a surname in the gens Rutilia, e. g. P. Lutilius Lupus, a rhetorician in the time of Augustus; v. Rutilius; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 63.

lŭpus, i, m. [kindred with lukos; Sanscr. vrika, and our wolf], a wolf.

Lit.:

torva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam,

Verg. E. 2, 63; Plin. 10, 63, 88, § 173; 8, 22, 34, § 80:

Martialis lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9; so,

Martius,

Verg. A. 9, 566: lupus femina for lupa, a she-wolf, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 355 (Ann. v. 70 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 378, 18 (ib. v. 73):

lupus masculinum (est), quamquam Varro... lupum feminam dicit, Ennium Pictoremque Fabium secutus,

Quint. 1, 6, 12.—According to the belief of the Romans, if a wolf saw a man before the latter saw him, the man became dumb: vox quoque Moerim Jam fugit ipsa;

lupi Moerim videre priores,

Verg. E. 9, 53; cf. Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80.—Prov.: lupus in fabulā or sermone, said of the appearance of a person when he is spoken of; as we say in English, talk of the devil, and he appears:

atque eccum tibi lupum in sermone,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 71; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 21; Serv. Verg. E. 9, 54:

de Varrone loquebamur: lupus in fabulā: venit enim ad me,

Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4.—

Lupum auribus tenere, to have a wolf by the ears, to be unable to hold and afraid to let go, i. e. to be in a situation of doubt and difficulty, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 21; Suet. Tib. 25.—

Hac urget lupus, hac canis angit, on this side the wolf, on that the dog, i. e. to be placed between two fires, Hor. S. 2, 2, 64.—

Lupos apud oves custodes relinquere, Plaut. Ps. 1, 28:

ovem lupo committere,

to intrust sheep to a wolf, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16; cf.

o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum!

Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27; cf.:

plenum montano credis ovile lupo?

Ov. A. A. 2, 363.—

Lupo agnum eripere, of a difficult undertaking;

as in English,

to snatch the meat from a dog's mouth, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 31.—

Lupus observavit, dum dormitaret canes, of one who watches his opportunity to be unobserved, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 133.—

Ovīs ultro fugiat lupus, of a very improbable act, Verg. E. 8, 52.—

Tantum curamus frigora, quantum numerum (ovium) lupus, i. e. do not care at all, as the wolf does not care whether the number of the sheep is right or not, Verg. E. 7, 51.—

Transf.

A voracious fish, the wolf-fish or pike, Hor. S. 2, 2, 31; Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169; 9, 17, 28, § 61; Col. 8, 16; Mart. 13, 89; Macr. S. 2, 12 bis.—

A kind of spider, Plin. 29, 4, 27, § 85; 11, 24, 28, § 80.—

A bit armed with points like wolves' teeth (frena lupata):

et placido duros (equus) accipit ore lupos,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 3; Stat. Ach. 1, 281.—

A hook with which things were hoisted:

in alios lupi superne ferrei injecti,

Liv. 28, 3, 7; Isid. Orig. 23, 15.—

A small handsaw, Pall. 1, 43, 2.—

The hop, a plant (Humulus lupulus), Plin. 21, 15, 50, § 86.

Lŭpus, a surname in the gens Rutilia, e. g. P. Lutilius Lupus, a rhetorician in the time of Augustus; v. Rutilius; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 63.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—

Transf.

Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:

quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:

scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:

maxime quod de judicatu meo,

id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,

id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:

scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:

plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:

tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:

longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:

cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,

Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:

haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;

2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:

tum cum maxime,

at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,

tunc cum maxime,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

nunc cum maxime,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—

In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,

Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.

Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—

Transf.

Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:

quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:

scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:

maxime quod de judicatu meo,

id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,

id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:

scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:

plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:

tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:

longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:

cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,

Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:

haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;

2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:

tum cum maxime,

at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,

tunc cum maxime,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

nunc cum maxime,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—

In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,

Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.

Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—