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Tusculan

  • 1 thusculum

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > thusculum

  • 2 Tusculani

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tusculani

  • 3 Tusculi

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tusculi

  • 4 Tusculum

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tusculum

  • 5 tusculum

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tusculum

  • 6 Tusculus

    1.
    tuscŭlum ( thusc-), i, n. dim. [tus], a little frankincense, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 15.
    2.
    Tuscŭlum, i, n., a very ancient town of Latium, on a hill near the modern Frascati, Liv. 2, 15 sq.; 6, 33 sq.; Cic. Font. 18, 41; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; 2, 45, 94; Hor. Epod. 1, 29 al.—Hence,
    A.
    Tuscŭlā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan:

    ager,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 318 Müll.:

    colles,

    Liv. 3, 7, 3:

    aqua,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    populus,

    Liv. 8, 37:

    sacra,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 Müll. et saep.— Substt.
    a.
    Tuscŭ-lānum, i, n., the name of several estates at Tusculum; so Cicero's estate there, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; 7, 5, 3; id. Fam. 7, 23, 3.—Hence, Tusculanae Disputationes, the title of a work written there by Cicero. — An estate of Cœsar, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13.—Of L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24; 1, 21, 98.—Of M. Crassus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 3.—Of Lucullus, Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Fin. 3, 2, 7 al.—Hence, Tuscŭlānen-sis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Tusculum:

    dies,

    passed at the Tusculan estate, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
    b.
    Tuscŭlāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, Tusculans, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31.—
    B.
    Tuscŭlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tusculum, Tusculan ( poet. for Tusculanus):

    tellus,

    Tib. 1, 7, 57; Mart. 9, 61, 2:

    colles,

    id. 4, 64, 13:

    moenia,

    Sil. 7, 692:

    umbra,

    Stat. S. 4, 4, 16.— Plur. subst.: Tuscŭli, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Tusculum, the Tusculans, Mart. 7, 31, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tusculus

  • 7 A. a.

       A. a. as an abbreviation,    for the praenomen Aulus.    for Absolvo, on the voting-tablet of a judge; hence C. calls A littera salutaris.    for Antiquo on a voting-tablet in the Comitia.    a. d. for ante diem.    a.v.c. or a. u. c. for anno urbis conditae, or ab urbe conditā.    in the Tusculan Disputations of Cicero probably for Audītor.

    Latin-English dictionary > A. a.

  • 8 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 9 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 10 academia

    ăcădēmī̆a, ae, f., = akadêmeia, and less correctly akadêmia, the Academy, a gymnasium about six stadia from Athens, named after the hero Academos or Echedemos (cf. Plut. Thes. 31), celebrated as the place where Plato taught; whence his scholars were called Academici, and his doctrine Philosophia Academica, in distinction from Stoica, Cynica, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 98; id. Or. 3, 12; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1 al.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    For The philosophy of the Academy:

    instaret academia, quae quidquid dixisses, id te ipsum scire negaret,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 43; id. Off. 3, 4, 20 al.:

    Academia vetus,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 18; id. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    recens,

    id. Leg. 1, 13, 39; cf.

    recentior,

    id. de Or. 3, 18, 68;

    and adulescentior,

    id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

    nova,

    id. Ac. 1, 12, 46 al. —
    B.
    Cicero, as a partisan of the Academic philosophy, named his estate, on the way from Lake Avernus to Puteoli, Academia; there also he wrote the Academica. He had another Academia at his Tusculan Villa, Cic. Tusc. 2, 3; 3, 3; id. Att. 1, 4, 3 al. (The i long, Cic. Div. 1, 13, 22; Tull. Laurea ap. Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 8;

    short,

    Claud. de Cons. Mall. Theod. 94; Sid. 15, 120.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > academia

  • 11 Gymnasium

    1. I.
    Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

    virgineum (in Sparta),

    Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

    totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

    i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—
    II.
    Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

    omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

    cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.
    2.
    Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

    Gymnasium mea,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Gymnasium

  • 12 gymnasium

    1. I.
    Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

    virgineum (in Sparta),

    Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

    totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

    i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—
    II.
    Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

    omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

    cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.
    2.
    Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

    Gymnasium mea,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gymnasium

  • 13 Lycium

    1.
    Lycĭum, and Lycĭus, a, um, v. Lycia, II.
    2.
    Lycīum (less correctly Lycēum, v. Ellendt ad Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 98), i, n., = Lukeion, a gymnasium very near Athens, in which Aristotle taught, Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 98; id. Ac. 1, 4, 17; id. Div. 1, 13, 22; Liv. 31, 24, 18; Gell. 20, 5, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    The upper gymnasium of Cicero's Tusculan villa, with a library in it, Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; 2, 3, 8.—
    B.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Lycium

См. также в других словарях:

  • tusculan — tus·cu·lan …   English syllables

  • tusculan — ˈtəskyələn adjective Usage: usually capitalized Etymology: Latin Tusculanus, from Tusculum, ancient town of Latium + Latin anus an : of or relating to ancient Tusculum …   Useful english dictionary

  • Tusculanæ Disputationes — Les Tusculanes Les Tusculanes font partie des œuvres philosophiques de Cicéron. Dans ces dialogues supposés, l auteur cherche à établir l immortalité de l âme et démontre que le bonheur ne peut se fonder que sur la vertu. Il reprend bien souvent… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Tusculanæ disputationes — Les Tusculanes Les Tusculanes font partie des œuvres philosophiques de Cicéron. Dans ces dialogues supposés, l auteur cherche à établir l immortalité de l âme et démontre que le bonheur ne peut se fonder que sur la vertu. Il reprend bien souvent… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Tusculum — Tusculan, adj. /tus kyeuh leuhm/, n. an ancient city of Latium, SE of Rome: Roman villas, esp. that of Cicero. * * * Ancient town, Latium, Italy. Located near Rome, it was a Latin settlement as early as the 1st millennium BC and probably was… …   Universalium

  • Tusculum — Tusculan, adj. /tus kyeuh leuhm/, n. an ancient city of Latium, SE of Rome: Roman villas, esp. that of Cicero …   Useful english dictionary

  • Counts of Tusculum — The counts of Tusculum were the most powerful secular noblemen in Latium, near Rome, in the present day Italy between the 10th and 12th centuries. Several popes and an antipope during the 11th century came from their ranks. They created and… …   Wikipedia

  • Saeculum obscurum — (Latin: the dark age) is a name given to a period in the history of the Papacy during the first half of the 10th century, beginning with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasting for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in… …   Wikipedia

  • Damocles — For other uses, see Damocles (disambiguation). In Richard Westall s Sword of Damocles, 1812, the boys of Cicero s anecdote have been changed to maidens for a neoclassical patron, Thomas Hope. Damocles ( …   Wikipedia

  • Frascati — • One of the six suburbicarian (i.e. neighbouring) dioceses from an immemorial date closely related to the Roman Church Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Frascati     Frascati     …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Peripatetic school (The) — The Peripatetic school1 Robert W.Sharples THE HISTORY OF THE SCHOOL AND OF ARISTOTLE’S WRITINGS The history of Peripatetic philosophy after Aristotle falls into two phases, divided by the renewal of interest in the works we now possess after… …   History of philosophy

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