Streets

* * *

* * *

—

Ăpollo, ĭnis (earlier Ăpello, like hemo for homo, Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Müll.; gen. APOLONES, Inscr. Orell. 1433, like salutes, v. salus; dat. APOLLONI, Corp. Inscr. III. 567, APOLENEI, ib. I. 167, APOLONE, Inscr. Ritschl, Epigr. Suppl. 3, p. 3; abl. APOLONE; the gen. Apollōnis etc., is often found in MSS., as in Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 114, and even Apollŏnis is found in Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 165), m., = Apollôn, Apollo, son of Jupiter and Latona, twinbrother of Diana, and god of the sun. On account of his omniscience, god of divination; on account of his lightnings (belê), god of archery (hence represented with quiver and dart), and of the pestilence caused by heat; but, since his priests were the first physicians, also god of the healing art; and since he communicated oracles in verse, god of poetry and music, presiding over the Muses, etc.; cf. Hor. C. S. 61 sq. In more ancient times, represented as a protecting deity, by a conical pillar in the streets and highways (Apollo Agyieus, v. Agyieus and Müll. Denkm. 2). In the class. period of the arts, represented with weapons, the cithara, a crown of laurel, etc., with hair commonly flowing down upon his neck, but sometimes collected together and fastened up (akersekomês), as a blooming youth (meirakion); cf.

Müll. Archaeol. §§ 359 and 360. The laurel-tree was sacred to him,

Phaedr. 3, 17, 3; Ov. F. 6, 91;

hence, arbor Phoebi,

the laurel-tree, id. ib. 3, 139; cf. arbor.—After the battle at Actium, Augustus there consecrated a temple to Apollo;

hence, Apollo Actiacus,

Ov. M. 13, 715, and Actius Phoebus, Prop. 5, 6, 67 (cf. Strabo, 10, 451, and v. Actium and Actius): [p. 139] Pythius Apollo, Naev. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5: crinitus Apollo, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89:

dignos et Apolline crines,

Ov. M. 3, 421:

flavus Apollo,

id. Am. 1, 15, 35:

Apollinis nomen est Graecum, quem solem esse volunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68:

Apollinem Delium,

id. Verr. 1, 18, 48; Verg. A. 4, 162:

Apollinem morbos depellere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17; Verg. E. 6, 73; Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

magnus Apollo,

Verg. E. 3, 104:

formosus,

id. ib. 4, 53:

pulcher,

id. A. 3, 119:

vates Apollo,

Val. Fl. 4, 445:

oraculum Apollinis,

Cic. Am. 2, 7.—Hence,

Esp.

Apollinis urbs magna, a town in Upper Egypt, also called Apollonopolis, now the village Edju, Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 60; cf. Mann. Afr. I. 328.—

Apollinis promontorium.

In Zeugitana in Africa, a mile east of Utica, now Cape Gobeah or Farina (previously called promontorium pulchrum), Liv. 30, 24, 8; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23; cf. Mann. Afr. II. 293.—

In Mauretania, Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20.—

Apollinis oppidum, a town in the eastern part of Ethiopia, Plin. 6, 30, 35, § 189.—

Apollinis Phaestii portus, a harbor in the territory of Locri Ozolœ, Plin. 4, 3, 4, § 7.—

Apollinis Libystini fanum, a place in Sicily, now Fano, Macr. S. 1, 17.

āra, ae, f. (Osc. form aasa; Umbr. asa: PELLEX. ASAM. IVNONIS. NE. TAGITO., Lex Numae ap. Gell. 4, 3, 3; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 219; Macr. S. 3, 2) [perh. Sanscr. ās, Gr. hêmai, Dor. hêsmai = to sit, as the seat or resting-place of the victim or offering; v. Curt. p. 381 sq.], an altar.

Lit.: Jovis aram sanguine turpari, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85 (Trag. v. 125 Vahl.):

Inde ignem in aram, ut Ephesiae Dianae laeta laudes,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 1:

omnīs accedere ad aras... aras sanguine multo Spargere,

Lucr. 5, 1199 sq.; so id. 1, 84:

turicremas aras,

id. 2, 353 (adopted by Verg. A. 4, 453);

2, 417: multo sanguine maesti Conspergunt aras adolentque altaria donis,

id. 4, 1237 al.:

ara Aio Loquenti consecrata,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

ara condita atque dicata,

Liv. 1, 7; cf. Suet. Claud. 2:

ara sacrata,

Liv. 40, 22; cf. Suet. Tib. 14:

exstruere,

id. Aug. 15; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 21, 4:

construere,

ib. 2 Par. 33, 3:

facere,

ib. ib. 33, 15:

erigere,

ib. Num. 23, 4:

aedificare,

ib. 3 Reg. 14, 23:

ponere,

ib. ib. 16, 32:

destruere,

ib. Exod. 34, 13, and ib. Jud. 6, 25:

subvertere,

ib. Deut. 7, 5:

dissipare,

ib. ib. 12, 3:

suffodere,

ib. Jud. 31, 32:

demolire,

ib. Ezech. 6, 4:

depopulari, ib. Osee, 10, 2: interibunt arae vestrae,

ib. Ezech. 6, 6 et saep.—Altars were erected not only in the temples, but also in the streets and highways, in the open air, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20.—Esp. were altars erected in the courts of houses (impluvia), for the family gods (Penates), while the household gods (Lares) received offerings upon a small hearth (focus) in the family hall (atrium); hence, arae et foci, meton. for home, or hearth and home, and pro aris et focis pugnare, to fight for altars and fires, for one's dearest possessions:

urbem, agrum, aras, focos seque dedere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 71:

te amicum Deiotari regis arae focique viderunt,

Cic. Deiot. 3:

de vestris conjugibus ac liberis, de aris ac focis, decernite,

id. Cat. 4, 11, 24; id. Sest. 42:

nos domicilia, sedesque populi Romani, Penates, aras, focos, sepulcra majorum defendimus,

id. Phil. 8, 3:

patriae, parentibus, aris atque focis bellum parare,

Sall. C. 52, 3:

pro patriā, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis cernere,

id. ib. 59, 5:

sibi pro aris focisque et deūm templis ac solo, in quo nati essent, dimicandum fore,

Liv. 5, 30 et saep.—Criminals fled to the altars for protection, Don. ad Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 22:

interim hanc aram occupabo,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 45:

Priamum cum in aram confugisset, hostilis manus interemit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

eo ille confugit in arāque consedit,

Nep. Paus. 4, 4:

Veneris sanctae considam vinctus ad aras: haec supplicibus favet,

Tib. 4, 13, 23.—Hence, trop., protection, refuge, shelter:

tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

ad aram legum confugere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3:

hic portus, haec ara sociorum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 48; Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 2; 5, 6, 14; id. H. 1, 110; id. P. 2, 8, 68.—One who took an oath was accustomed to lay hold of the altar, in confirmation of it, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 46:

qui si aram tenens juraret, crederet nemo,

Cic. Fl. 36, 90; Nep. Hann. 2, 4 (cf. Liv. 21, 1):

tango aras, medios ignes et numina testor,

Verg. A. 12, 201; 4, 219: ara sepulcri, a funeral pile, regarded as an altar, Verg. A. 6, 177; Sil. 15, 388.—

Meton.

The Altar, a constellation in the southern sky, Gr. Thutêrion (Arat. 403 al.): Aram, quam flatu permulcet spiritus austri, poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; so Cic. Arat. 202; 213 Orell.; Hyg. Astr. 2, 39, and id. ib. 3, 38:

pressa,

i. e. low in the south, Ov. M. 2, 139. —

Arae, The Altars.

Rocky cliffs in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily Sardinia and Africa, so called from their shape, Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 108;

Quadrig. Ann. ib.: saxa vocant Itali, mediis quae in fluctibus, Aras,

Verg. A. 1, 109.—

Arae Philaenorum, v. Philaeni.—

Transf., in gen., a monument of stone:

ara virtutis,

Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

Lunensis ara,

of Lunensian marble, Suet. Ner. 50 fin. —Also [p. 150] a tombstone:

ARAM D. S. P. R. (de suā pecuniā restituit),

Inscr. Orell. 4521; so ib. 4522; 4826.

clŏāca, ae, f. [1. cluo = purgo; cf. Gr. kluzô], an artificial canal in Rome, constructed by Tarquinius Priscus, by which the filth was carried from the streets into the Tiber; in gen., a sewer, drain, Cic. Sest. 35, 77; id. Caecin. 13, 36; Hor. S. 2, 3, 242 al.; cf. Liv. 1, 38, 6; 1, 56, 2; 5, 55, 5; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 104 sq.; Cassiod. Var. 3, 30; Dion. Halic. 3, 67; v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 269 sq. —

Humorously, the stomach of a drunken woman, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 29; cf. intestini, Varr. ap. Non. p. 209, 19.—

Prov.:

arcem facere e cloacā,

much ado about nothing, Cic. Planc. 40, 95.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

dŭŏvir, vĭri, and usu. plur. dŭŏvĭri (less correctly dŭumvĭri, Zumpt, Gram. § 124; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 391; in MSS. and Inscr. usu. II. vir, II. viri;

but, DVOVIRES,

Inscr. Orell. 3808:

DVOVIRI,

ib. 3886, v. infra), ōrum, m. [du + vir], a Roman board or court consisting of two persons.

Perduellionis, an extraordinary criminal court, the duumviri, anciently selected by the kings or the people for each case as it arose;

so in the trial of Horatius,

Liv. 1, 26;

of M. Manlius,

id. 6, 20;

of C. Rabirius,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 204.—

Sacrorum, the keepers of the Sibylline books, Liv. 3, 10, 7; 5, 13, 6; cf. Dion. Hal. 4, 62 (afterwards decemviri and quindecimviri were elected for this purpose; cf. Liv. 22, 10, 9; Lact. 1, 6, 13); v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 240.—

Navales, an extraordinary board created for the purpose of equipping fleets, Liv. 9, 30, 4; id. 40, 18, 8; id. 41, 1, 2 sq.; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 531; 4, 136. —

Ad aedem faciendam (dedicandam, locandam), the duumviri for building or dedicating a temple, Liv. 7, 28, 5; id. 22, 33, 8.—In the sing.:

duumvir,

Liv. 2, 42, 5; id. 35, 41, 8; 40, 34, 5 sq.—

The highest board of magistrates in the municipia and colonies, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; id. ib. 1, 30; Inscr. Orell. 2540:

QVINQVENNALES,

ib. 3882 sq.:

IVRI DICVNDO,

ib. 3805 sq. —In the sing.:

DVOVIR,

ib. 3813 sq.; 4982; also ib. 3886 (Momms. 1956).—

VIIS EXTRA URBEM PURGANDIS, officers who had the charge of the streets of the suburbs of Rome, Tab. Heracl. 1, 50 ed. Göttling.

dŭŏvir, vĭri, and usu. plur. dŭŏvĭri (less correctly dŭumvĭri, Zumpt, Gram. § 124; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 391; in MSS. and Inscr. usu. II. vir, II. viri;

but, DVOVIRES,

Inscr. Orell. 3808:

DVOVIRI,

ib. 3886, v. infra), ōrum, m. [du + vir], a Roman board or court consisting of two persons.

Perduellionis, an extraordinary criminal court, the duumviri, anciently selected by the kings or the people for each case as it arose;

so in the trial of Horatius,

Liv. 1, 26;

of M. Manlius,

id. 6, 20;

of C. Rabirius,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 204.—

Sacrorum, the keepers of the Sibylline books, Liv. 3, 10, 7; 5, 13, 6; cf. Dion. Hal. 4, 62 (afterwards decemviri and quindecimviri were elected for this purpose; cf. Liv. 22, 10, 9; Lact. 1, 6, 13); v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 240.—

Navales, an extraordinary board created for the purpose of equipping fleets, Liv. 9, 30, 4; id. 40, 18, 8; id. 41, 1, 2 sq.; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 531; 4, 136. —

Ad aedem faciendam (dedicandam, locandam), the duumviri for building or dedicating a temple, Liv. 7, 28, 5; id. 22, 33, 8.—In the sing.:

duumvir,

Liv. 2, 42, 5; id. 35, 41, 8; 40, 34, 5 sq.—

The highest board of magistrates in the municipia and colonies, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; id. ib. 1, 30; Inscr. Orell. 2540:

QVINQVENNALES,

ib. 3882 sq.:

IVRI DICVNDO,

ib. 3805 sq. —In the sing.:

DVOVIR,

ib. 3813 sq.; 4982; also ib. 3886 (Momms. 1956).—

VIIS EXTRA URBEM PURGANDIS, officers who had the charge of the streets of the suburbs of Rome, Tab. Heracl. 1, 50 ed. Göttling.

grōma or grūma, ae, f.

A surveyor's pole or measuring-rod, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. s. v. p. 72 Müll. and Non. 63, 6.— Hence,

Transf., the centre of a camp, where the measuring-rod was planted, so as to divide the camp into four quarters by streets meeting at that point, Hyg. de Limit. p. 164 Goes.

lectisternĭum, ĭi, n. [2. lectus-sterno], a feast of the gods.

Lit., an offering in which the images of the gods, lying on pillows, were placed in the streets, and food of all kinds set before them;

these banquets were prepared by the Epulones, and consumed by them,

Liv. 5, 13, 6; 7, 2, 27; 8, 25; 21, 62; 22, 1; 10 et saep.; cf.:

lecti sternebantur in honorem deorum, unde hoc sacrum, vel potius sacrilegium nomen accepit,

Aug. C. D. 3, 17, 2; cf. also Paul. ex Fest. p. 351 Müll.—

Transf., in the Christian age, a feast held in memory of a deceased person, or at the consecration of a chapel dedicated to him, a feast of the dead, Sid. Ep. 4, 15; Inscr. Grut. 753, 4.

per, prep. with acc. (by solecism with abl. PER QVO, = whereby, Inscr. Miseni Repert. ex a. p. Chr. n. 159; Inscr. Orell. 3300) [kindr. with Gr. para; Sanscr. pāra, ulterior; Lith. pèr; cf.: parumper, paulisper; v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 269], denotes, like the Gr. dia, motion through a space, or extension over it.

Lit., of space, through, through the midst of, throughout, all over, all along: per amoena salicta raptare aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): inde Fert sese (equus) campi per caerula laetaque prata, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (id. v. 505 ib.): per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, id. ap. id. ib. 6, 4 (id. v. 177 ib.):

per membranas oculorum cernere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

coronam auream per forum ferre,

id. Att. 14, 16, 2:

iit hasta per tempus utrumque,

Verg. A. 9, 418:

se per munitiones deicere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26:

per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 46:

per ignes,

Ov. M. 8, 76:

per Averna,

id. ib. 14, 105:

per caelum,

Verg. A. 4, 700:

per vias fabulari,

in all the streets, Plaut. Cist. 5, 1:

per totam urbem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 11:

qui per provincias atque imperium tuum pecunias ei credidissent,

in the provinces, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

invitati hospitaliter per domos,

Liv. 1, 9:

via secta per ambas (zonas),

Verg. G. 1, 238; 245:

nascuntur copiosissime in Balearibus ac per Hispanias,

in, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

per illas gentes celebratur,

throughout, Tac. A. 12, 12:

gustūs elementa per omnia quaerunt,

Juv. 11, 14.—

Placed after the noun: viam per,

Lucr. 6, 1264:

transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppes,

Verg. A. 5, 663; 6, 692.

Transf.

Of time, through, throughout, during, for:

quod des bubus per hiemem,

the winter through, during the winter, Cato, R. R. 25:

nulla res per triennium, nisi ad nutum istius, judicata est,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:

nulla abs te per hos dies epistula... venerat,

during these days, id. Att. 2, 8, 1:

per decem dies ludi facti sunt,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

per idem tempus,

during, at, in the course of, id. Brut. 83, 286; Suet. Galb. 10:

per noctem cernuntur sidera,

during the night, in the night-time, Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 48:

per inducias,

during, Liv. 38, 2: per multa bella, id. 8, 13:

per ludos,

id. 2, 18:

per comitia,

Suet. Caes. 80:

per somnum,

id. ib. 45: per tempus, during, i. e. at the right time, = in tempore, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 6; Ter. And. 4, 4, 44; id. Hec. 4, 3, 16.—So distr.:

per singulas noctes,

Suet. Caes. 1; id. Calig. 22; cf.:

per haec,

meanwhile, id. Claud. 27:

per quae,

id. Tib. 52.—

To indicate the agent, instrument, or means, through, by, by means of:

statuerunt injurias per vos ulcisci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

detrimenta publicis rebus per homines eloquentissimos importata,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

quid ais? vulgo occidebantur? Per quos? et a quibus?

by whom? and by whose command? id. Rosc. Am. 29, 80:

quae domi gerenda sunt, ea per Caeciliam transiguntur,

id. ib. 51, 149:

quod nefarium stuprum non per illum factum est,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7.—Placed after its case:

Exerce vocem, quam per vivis et colis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—Esp.: per fidem decipere, fallere, etc. (= datā fide): per fidem deceptus sum, through confidence, i. e. in my host who betrayed me, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 69; Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3.—So, per se, per te, through himself, by himself, of himself, etc.:

homo per se cognitus, sine ullā commendatione majorum,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

per me tibi obstiti, = solus,

by myself, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

satis per te tibi consulis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:

per se solus,

Liv. 1, 49.—With ipse:

nihil ipsos per se sine P. Sullā facere potuisse,

Cic. Sull. 24, 67:

ipsum per se, suā vi, sua naturā, sua sponte laudabile,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 50.—To form an adverb. expression, in, by, through, etc.:

non dubitavi id a te per litteras petere,

by letter, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

per summum dedecus vitam amittere,

in the most infamous manner, most infamously, id. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:

per iram facere aliquid,

in anger, id. Tusc. 4, 37, 79:

per commodum,

Liv. 30, 29, 3 (cf. II. A. supra):

per commodum rei publicae,

id. 10, 25, 17; 22, 57, 1; 31, 11, 2:

per ludum et jocum,

sporting and jesting, in sport and jest, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 70, §

181: per vim,

forcibly, Sall. J. 23, 1:

per dolum,

id. ib. 11, 8:

per otium,

at leisure, Liv. 4, 58, 12:

ceteris copiis per otium trajectis,

id. 21, 28, 4:

cibo per otium capto,

id. 21, 55, 1:

per tumultum = tumultuose,

id. 44, 45, 14. —

To designate the reason, cause, inducement, etc., through, for, by, on account of, for the sake of:

per metum mussari,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 12:

qui per virtutem perit, at non interit,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 32:

cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

per aetatem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16 fin.:

Druso propinquanti quasi per officium obviae fuere legiones,

Tac. A. 1, 24:

ut nihil eum delectaret, quod aut per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret,

Cic. Mil. 16, 43:

cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: per me, per te, etc., as far as concerns me, you, etc.:

si per vos licet,

Plaut. As. prol. 12:

per me vel stertas licet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; cf.:

sin hoc non licet per Cratippum,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33:

fides publica per sese inviolata,

Sall. J. 33, 3:

per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10:

per me stetisse, quo minus hae fierent nuptiae,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 16:

si per suos esset licitum,

Nep. Eum. 10, 3:

inspicere vitia nec per magistros nec per aetatem licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 24. —Hence, in oaths, entreaties, asseverations, etc., by a god, by men, or by inanimate or abstract things, by:

IOVRANTO PER IOVEM, etc., Tab. Bant. lin. 15: per pol saepe peccas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 18; cf.:

si per plures deos juret,

Cic. Rab. Post. 13, 36:

quid est enim, per deos, optabilius sapientiā?

id. Off. 2, 2, 5:

per deos atque homines,

id. Div. 2, 55, 116:

per dexteram te istam oro,

id. Deiot. 3, 8; cf.:

per tuam fidem Te obtestor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55:

nunc te per amicitiam et per amorem obsecro,

id. ib. 2, 1, 26:

per pietatem!

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 4:

per comitatem edepol, pater, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 52.—In this signif. often separated from its object:

per ego vobis deos atque homines dies, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 1:

per ego te deos oro,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 6; 5, 1, 15:

per ego te, fili... precor quaesoque, etc.,

Liv. 23, 9, 2:

per ego has lacrimas... te Oro,

Verg. A. 4, 314; 12, 56; Tib. 4, 5, 7; Ov. F. 2, 841:

per vos Tyrrhena faventum Stagna deum, per ego et Trebiam cineresque Sagunti Obtestor,

Sil. 12, 79 sq.; 1, 658; Stat. Th. 11, 367.—With ellips. of object:

per, si qua est... Intemerata fides, oro, i. e. per eam,

Verg. A. 2, 142; 10, 903:

per, si quid merui de te bene, perque manentem amorem, Ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 854.—Sometimes to indicate an apparent or pretended cause or inducement, under the show or pretext of, under color of:

qui per tutelam aut societatem aut rem mandatam aut fiduciae rationem fraudavit quempiam,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 7:

naves triremes per causam exercendorum remigum ad fauces portus prodire jussit,

under pretext of, Caes. B. C. 3, 24;

v. causa: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit,

Liv. 1, 41 fin.:

per simulationem officii,

Tac. H. 1, 74.—

In composition, it usually adds intensity to the signif., thoroughly, perfectly, completely, exceedingly, very much, very (very often in Cicero's epistolary style, and in new-formed words, as perbenevolus, percautus, percupidus, perbelle, perofficiose, pergaudeo; see these articles): pervelle, perfacilis, peramanter; sometimes it denotes the completion of an action, e. g. perorare, peragere;

sometimes it is repeated: perdifficilis et perobscura quaestio,

Cic. N. D. 1, 1, 1; so id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Brut. 43, 158; id. Cael. 20 fin.; id. Fam. 9, 20, 3 al.;

but also: perexiguā et minuta,

id. Tusc. 2, 13, 30:

percautus et diligens,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 18 al.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 410.—It frequently occurs in tmesi:

nobis ista sunt pergrata perque jucunda,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

per mihi mirum visum est,

id. ib. 49, 214:

per enim magni aestimo,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

ibi te quam primum per videre velim, = videre pervelim,

id. ib. 15, 4, 2:

Platoni per fuit familiaris,

Gell. 2, 18, 1:

per, inquit, magister optime, exoptatus mihi nunc venis,

id. 18, 4, 2.—Per quam (also perquam), very, exceedingly, extremely:

per quam breviter perstrinxi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

per quam modica civium merita,

Plin. Pan. 60:

per quam velim scire,

very much indeed, id. Ep. 7, 27, 1:

PARENTES PER QVAM INFELICISSIMI,

Inscr. Murat. 953, 2.—As one word:

illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

propulit perquam indignis modis,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 9:

erat perquam onerosum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 13:

perquam honorificum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 3.—Separated by an intervening word:

per pol quam paucos reperias,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 1.—Placed after the word it governs; v. supra, I. fin. and II. B.

trans-verto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn or direct across or athwart (post-class.).

Lit.:

ut quae defensio fuerat, eadem in accusationem transverteretur,

should be turned, converted, App. Mag. p. 325, 33: eorum consilia hac atque illac variā cogitatione, to turn over, Firm. Math. 6, 15.—

Transf., to turn away, avert:

inimica,

Arn. 7, 219:

fortes meos,

Tert. Praescr. 37. — Hence, transversus ( - vorsus) or trāver-sus, a, um, P. a., turned across; hence, going or lying across, athwart, crosswise; cross-, transverse, traverse (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

viae,

cross-streets, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

tramites,

Liv. 2, 39, 3:

limites,

id. 22, 12, 2:

fossa,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

fossas viis praeducit,

id. B. C. 1, 27:

vallum,

id. ib. 3, 63:

tigna,

id. ib. 2, 9:

transversosque volare per imbres fulmina cernis,

Lucr. 2, 213; cf.:

nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,

id. 6, 190:

Manilium nos vidimus transverso ambulantem foro,

across the forum, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133: taleae ne plus quattuor digitos transversos emineant, four fingers across, four finger-breadths, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126; cf.

prov.: si hercle tu ex isto loco Digitum transversum aut unguem latum excesseris,

a fingerbreadth, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18; so,

digitus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58 (v. digitus);

for which, also: discedere a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem,

id. Att. 13, 20, 4:

(versibus) incomptis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum,

Hor. A. P. 447:

ut transversus mons sulcetur,

Col. 2, 4, 10: plurimum refert, concava sint (specula), an elata;

transversa, an obliqua,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, a cross direction or position, only with prepp. adv., crosswise, transversely, etc.:

non prorsus, verum ex transverso cedit, quasi cancer solet,

obliquely, sideways, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45:

e transverso vacefit locus,

Lucr. 6, 1018:

paeninsula ad formam gladii in transversum porrecta,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83:

in transversum positae (arbores),

id. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

aratione per transversum iteratā,

id. 18, 20, 49, § 180; so id. 37, 9, 37, § 118 (al. saepe traversa):

collectus pluvialis aquae transversum secans,

intersecting diagonally, Front. Limit. p. 43 Goes.; cf. poet. in plur.:

(venti) mutati transversa fremunt,

at right angles to their former direction, Verg. A. 5, 19; so id. E. 3, 8; Val. Fl. 2, 154; Stat. Th. 1, 348.—

Trop.:

transversa incurrit misera fortuna rei publicae,

crossed, thwarted, Cic. Brut. 97, 331: cum coepit transversos agere felicitas, i. e. to lead aside or astray, Sen. Ep. 8, 3:

transversum judicem ferre,

Quint. 10, 1, 110; Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67; 28, 1, 1, § 1. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, n., only with prepp. adv.:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

i. e. contrary to expectation, unexpectedly, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

ecce tibi iste de transverso, Heus, inquit, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14;

for which: quod non exspectes, ex transverso fit,

Petr. 55:

haec calamitas ex transverso accidit,

Scrib. Comp. 231.—Hence, advv.

transversē ( - vorsē), crosswise, transversely, obliquely:

transverse describantur horae in columellā,

Vitr. 9, 9, 7; Cels. 5, 26, 24; Veg. 2, 5, 1.—

transversim, transversely, crosswise:

obliquatis manibus,

Tert. Bapt. 8.

trans-verto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn or direct across or athwart (post-class.).

Lit.:

ut quae defensio fuerat, eadem in accusationem transverteretur,

should be turned, converted, App. Mag. p. 325, 33: eorum consilia hac atque illac variā cogitatione, to turn over, Firm. Math. 6, 15.—

Transf., to turn away, avert:

inimica,

Arn. 7, 219:

fortes meos,

Tert. Praescr. 37. — Hence, transversus ( - vorsus) or trāver-sus, a, um, P. a., turned across; hence, going or lying across, athwart, crosswise; cross-, transverse, traverse (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

viae,

cross-streets, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

tramites,

Liv. 2, 39, 3:

limites,

id. 22, 12, 2:

fossa,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

fossas viis praeducit,

id. B. C. 1, 27:

vallum,

id. ib. 3, 63:

tigna,

id. ib. 2, 9:

transversosque volare per imbres fulmina cernis,

Lucr. 2, 213; cf.:

nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,

id. 6, 190:

Manilium nos vidimus transverso ambulantem foro,

across the forum, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133: taleae ne plus quattuor digitos transversos emineant, four fingers across, four finger-breadths, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126; cf.

prov.: si hercle tu ex isto loco Digitum transversum aut unguem latum excesseris,

a fingerbreadth, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18; so,

digitus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58 (v. digitus);

for which, also: discedere a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem,

id. Att. 13, 20, 4:

(versibus) incomptis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum,

Hor. A. P. 447:

ut transversus mons sulcetur,

Col. 2, 4, 10: plurimum refert, concava sint (specula), an elata;

transversa, an obliqua,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, a cross direction or position, only with prepp. adv., crosswise, transversely, etc.:

non prorsus, verum ex transverso cedit, quasi cancer solet,

obliquely, sideways, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45:

e transverso vacefit locus,

Lucr. 6, 1018:

paeninsula ad formam gladii in transversum porrecta,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83:

in transversum positae (arbores),

id. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

aratione per transversum iteratā,

id. 18, 20, 49, § 180; so id. 37, 9, 37, § 118 (al. saepe traversa):

collectus pluvialis aquae transversum secans,

intersecting diagonally, Front. Limit. p. 43 Goes.; cf. poet. in plur.:

(venti) mutati transversa fremunt,

at right angles to their former direction, Verg. A. 5, 19; so id. E. 3, 8; Val. Fl. 2, 154; Stat. Th. 1, 348.—

Trop.:

transversa incurrit misera fortuna rei publicae,

crossed, thwarted, Cic. Brut. 97, 331: cum coepit transversos agere felicitas, i. e. to lead aside or astray, Sen. Ep. 8, 3:

transversum judicem ferre,

Quint. 10, 1, 110; Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67; 28, 1, 1, § 1. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, n., only with prepp. adv.:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

i. e. contrary to expectation, unexpectedly, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

ecce tibi iste de transverso, Heus, inquit, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14;

for which: quod non exspectes, ex transverso fit,

Petr. 55:

haec calamitas ex transverso accidit,

Scrib. Comp. 231.—Hence, advv.

transversē ( - vorsē), crosswise, transversely, obliquely:

transverse describantur horae in columellā,

Vitr. 9, 9, 7; Cels. 5, 26, 24; Veg. 2, 5, 1.—

transversim, transversely, crosswise:

obliquatis manibus,

Tert. Bapt. 8.