Rudeness

barbărĭa, ae ( poet., or in post-Aug. prose barbărĭes, acc. -em; so once in Cic. Brut. 74, 258), f. [barbarus].

Lit., a foreign country, in opposition to Greece or Rome.

In gen.:

a quo (philosopho) non solum Graecia et Italia, sed etiam omnis barbaria commota est,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 49; 5, 4, 11; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf.: non solum cum exercitu suo, sed etiam cum omni inmanitate barbariae bellum inferre nobis. id. Phil. 5, 13, 37; 13, 8, 18:

quid tibi barbariem. gentes ab utroque jacentes Oceano numerem?

Ov. M. 15, 829:

in mediā vivere barbarie,

id. Tr. 3, 10, 4; Luc. 8, 812; Just. 9, 5, 7 al.—

Esp., of a particular country, aside from Greece or Rome. Thus (in the mouth of a Greek), of Italy, as opp. to Greece (only in Plaut.), Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 21; id. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. vapula, p. 278. [p. 222] —Of Persia:

Themistoclem non in Graeciae portus, sed in barbariae sinus confugisse,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5.—Of Phrygia:

Graecia barbariae lento collisa duello,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 7.—Of Gaul, in opp. to Rome, Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—Of Scythia and Britain, Cic. N. D. 2, 34, 88;

in gen.: quae barbaria Indiā vastior aut agrestior?

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 77 al. —

Meton., mental or moral barbarism, according to the notion of the ancients.

Rudeness, rusticity, stupidity:

barbaria forensis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

grandis,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 4.—Hence of barbarism in language:

omnes tum fere, qui nec extra urbem hanc vixerant, nec eos aliqua barbaries domestica infuscaverat, recte loquebantur,

Cic. Brut. 74, 258.—And of faulty reading, Petr. 68, 5.—

Savageness, barbarousness, rudeness, uncivilized manners:

inveterata barbaria,

Cic. Balb. 19, 43:

ferum et immane facinus, quod nulla barbaria posset agnoscere,

id. Phil. 14, 3, 8:

ista vero quae et quanta barbaria est,

id. ib. 2, 42, 108;

11, 2, 6: tanta barbaries (Sarmatorum) est, ut pacem non intellegant,

Flor. 4, 12, 20; Just. 43, 4, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 69; Petr. 68.—

= barbari:

quale bellum nulla umquam barbaria cum suā gente gessit,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25; cf.:

hoc poëtae nomen, quod nulla umquam barbaria violavit,

id. Arch. 8, 19.

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aspĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [asper], the quality of asper, unevenness, roughness (opp. 2. levitas).

Lit.:

saxorum asperitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

asperitas viarum,

id. Phil. 9, 1, 2:

locorum,

Sall. J. 75, 2:

angustiae locorumque asperitas,

Liv. 32, 12 fin.; 43, 21; 44, 5 al.:

linguae,

Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

ventris,

id. 11, 37, 79, § 201:

squamarum,

Gell. 2, 6:

faucium,

Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 32:

animi asperitas seu potius animae,

hoarseness, id. 22, 24, 51, § 111:

ob asperitatem hiemis,

roughness, severity, Tac. A. 4, 56:

asperitas frigorum abest,

id. Agr. 12:

densaque cedit Frigoris asperitas,

Ov. F. 4, 88 al.:

asperitas luti,

dryness, barrenness of the clay, Vitr. 2, 3.—Of raised work (cf. 1. asper, I., and exaspero):

vasa anaglypta in asperitatemque excisa,

with figures in basrelief, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139.—

Transf.

Of taste, harshness, sharpness, acidity, tartness:

vini,

Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:

pomi,

id. 12, 10, 21, § 38:

aceti,

id. 9, 35, 58, § 120:

aquarum,

the brackish taste of water, id. 12, 9, 20, § 37 al. —

Of hearing, roughness, harshness of tone:

vocis,

Lucr. 4, 542:

soni,

Tac. G. 3.—

Of sight, inequality, contrast:

cum aspectus ejus scaenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus,

on account of the contrast of light and shade, Vitr. 7, 5:

intercolumniorum,

id. 3, 3.—

Trop.

Of moral qualities, roughness, harshness, severity, fierceness, asperity:

si quis eā asperitate est et immanitate naturae, congressus ut hominum fugiat atque oderit, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 23, 87:

avunculi,

Nep. Att. 5, 1:

patris,

Ov. M. 9, 752:

artibus ingenuis Pectora mollescunt, asperitasque fugit,

id. P. 1, 6, 8:

asperitatis et invidiae corrector,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 129.—Of a rigid, austere manner of life: quam illorum (Stoicorum) tristitiam atque asperitatem fugiens Panaetius nec acerbitatem sententiarum nec disserendi spinas probavit, Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf. 1. asper, II. A.—And of rudeness in external appearance, opp. to a polished, cultivated bearing:

asperitas agrestis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 6.—

Of things, adversity, reverse of fortune, trouble, severity, difficulty (cf. 1. asper, II. B., and acerbitas):

in his vel asperitatibus rerum vel angustiis temporis obsequar studiis nostris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3:

asperitas belli,

Sall. J. 29, 1:

remedii,

Tac. A. 1, 44.—Of style, roughness, harshness, trachutês (cf. 1. asper, II. B.):

oratio in quā asperitas contentionis oratoris ipsius humanitate conditur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212. judicialis asperitas, id. ib. 2, 15, 64; so Quint. 1, 8, 11; 10, 5, 14 (cf. id. 11, 3, 23):

verborum,

Ov. M. 14, 526.

horror, ōris, m. [horreo], a standing on end, standing erect, bristling.

Lit. (only poet. and very rare):

comarum,

Luc. 5, 154; Val. Fl. 1, 229:

pontus non horrore tremit,

i. e. was not ruffled, agitated, Luc. 5, 446; cf.:

montes horrore nivali semper obducti,

Amm. 15, 10, 1.—

Trop., roughness, rudeness of speech:

veterem illum horrorem malim quam istam novam licentiam,

Quint. 8, 5, 34.—

Transf. (cf. horreo, II.).

A shaking, trembling.

In gen. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tremulo ramos horrore moveri,

Ov. M. 9, 345:

horror soli,

Flor. 2, 6.—

In partic.

A shaking, shivering, chill, coldfit, ague-fit (class.):

mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29; cf. Val. Fl. 7, 563:

frigus voco ubi extremae partes membrorum inalgescunt: horrorem, ubi totum corpus intremit,

Cels. 3, 3:

Atticam doleo tam diu: sed quoniam jam sine horrore est, spero esse ut volumus,

Cic. Att. 12, 6 fin.:

horrorem tertianae et quartanae minuere,

Plin. 22, 25, 72, § 150.—

A shaking, shuddering, quaking, trembling with fright; dread, terror, horror (class.):

est ea frigida multa, comes formidinis, aura, quae ciet horrorem membris et concitat artus,

Lucr. 3, 291:

ea res me horrore afficit,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf. id. ib. 66:

di immortales, qui me horror perfudit! quam sum sollicitus, quidnam futurum sit!

Cic. Att. 8, 6, 3:

me luridus occupat horror Spectantem vultus etiamnum caede madentes,

Ov. M. 14, 198:

frigidus artus, Dum loquor, horror habet,

id. ib. 9, 291:

spectare in eadem harena feras horror est,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4.—

A shaking or trembling with joy:

laetus per artus horror iit,

Stat. Th. 1, 494; cf.:

me quaedam divina voluptas percipit atque horror,

Lucr. 3, 29 sq. —

Dread, veneration, religious awe:

hic numinis ingens horror,

Val. Fl. 2, 433:

arboribus suus horror inest,

Luc. 3, 411:

animos horrore imbuere,

Liv. 39, 8, 4:

perfusus horrore venerabundusque,

id. 1, 16, 6. —

That which causes dread, a terror, horror ( poet.):

serrae stridentis,

Lucr. 2, 411:

validi ferri natura et frigidus horror,

id. 6, 1011:

Scipiadas, belli fulmen, Carthaginis horror,

id. 3, 1034;

imitated by Sil.: jacet campis Carthaginis horror,

Sil. 15, 340.

importūnĭtas ( inp-), ātis, f. [importunus].

In gen., unsuitableness, unfitness (perh. only ante- and post - class., and very rare):

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 4:

loci,

dangerousness, Gell. 3, 7, 5.—

In partic., of character, unmannerliness, incivility, impoliteness, rudeness, insolence (class.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): importunitas et inhumanitas omni aetate molesta est,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 7:

vide inter importunitatem tuam senatusque bonitatem quid intersit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 42:

tanta importunitas tantaque injuria Facta in nos est modo hic intus ab nostro ero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 6:

importunitas et superbia Tarquinii,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40; so,

with superbia,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

homo incredibili importunitate atque audacia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74:

ex tuo scelere, importunitate, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 54, §

126: matris,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

animi,

id. ib. 61, 170: animal ex omnium [p. 907] scelerum importunitate et omnium flagitiorum impunitate concretum, id. Pis. 9, 21; id. Sull. 27, 75:

illis, quantum importunitatis habent, parum est impune male fecisse,

Sall. J. 31, 22.

importūnĭtas ( inp-), ātis, f. [importunus].

In gen., unsuitableness, unfitness (perh. only ante- and post - class., and very rare):

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

Ter. And. 1, 4, 4:

loci,

dangerousness, Gell. 3, 7, 5.—

In partic., of character, unmannerliness, incivility, impoliteness, rudeness, insolence (class.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): importunitas et inhumanitas omni aetate molesta est,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 7:

vide inter importunitatem tuam senatusque bonitatem quid intersit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 42:

tanta importunitas tantaque injuria Facta in nos est modo hic intus ab nostro ero,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 6:

importunitas et superbia Tarquinii,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40; so,

with superbia,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

homo incredibili importunitate atque audacia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74:

ex tuo scelere, importunitate, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 54, §

126: matris,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

animi,

id. ib. 61, 170: animal ex omnium [p. 907] scelerum importunitate et omnium flagitiorum impunitate concretum, id. Pis. 9, 21; id. Sull. 27, 75:

illis, quantum importunitatis habent, parum est impune male fecisse,

Sall. J. 31, 22.

rĭgor, ōris, m. [rigeo], stiffness, inflexibility, rigidity, numbness, hardness, firmness, rigor (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic.; cf. durities).

Lit.:

tandem bruma nives affert pigrumque rigorem,

Lucr. 5, 746:

cervicis,

stiffness, rigidity, Plin. 28, 12, 52, § 192; 32, 8, 28, § 89; cf.:

immobilis faciei,

Quint. 9, 3, 101:

vultus (in portraits),

Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 58:

nervorum,

i. e. a cramp, spasm, Cels. 2, 1 and 7; so too simply rigor; and in plur., Plin. 26, 12, 81, § 130; 35, 6, 27, § 46.—

Esp.

A straight course or direction:

fluminis,

Dig. 43, 12, 1, § 5; cf.

stillicidii,

ib. 8, 2, 41; hence, in the agrimensores, a straight line or course (opp. flexus), Front. Expos. Form. p. 38 Goes.; Aggen. Limit. p. 46 fin.; Sicul. Fl. p. 5; Front. Colon. p. 120 al.—

Hardness, firmness:

auri,

Lucr. 1, 492:

ferri,

Verg. G. 1, 143:

saxorum,

Ov. M. 1, 401 (with durities):

lapidis,

Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 126:

arborum,

Vitr. 2, 9; Plin. 16, 40, 77, § 209; Col. 4, 16, 4 al.—

Transf., the stiffness produced by cold, for cold itself, chilliness, Lucr. 5, 640; 6, 368 (opp. calor); 307 (opp. ignis); cf.

Alpinus,

Ov. M. 14, 794:

septentrionis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

caeli et soli,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

recentissimus aquae,

Col. 9, 14, 7:

torpentibus rigore nervis,

Liv. 21, 58 fin. et saep.—

Trop., hardness, inflexibility, stiffness, roughness, severity, rigor (cf.:

severitas, asperitas, morositas): accentus rigore quodam minus suaves habemus,

Quint. 12, 10, 33 (cf. rigidus, II. init.):

te tuus iste rigor, positique sine arte capilli... decet,

rudeness, Ov. H. 4, 77:

nocuit antiquus rigor et nimia severitas,

Tac. H. 1, 18 fin.:

animi,

id. A. 6, 50; cf. Plin. 7, 19, 18, § 79; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 13 (opp. constantia):

disciplinae veteris,

Tac. H. 1, 83:

juris,

Dig. 49, 1, 19.

sĕvērĭtas, ātis, f. [1. severus], seriousness, gravity, sternness, strictness, severity, in a good and bad sense (class. and very freq.;

syn. gravitas): tristis severitas inest in vultu,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 16:

severitatem in senectute probo: acerbitatem nullo modo,

Cic. Sen. 18, 65 (opp. lepos); id. Off. 1, 37, 134:

censorum,

id. Rep. 4, 6, 15; cf. Val. Max. 2, 9.— Plur.:

censorum severitates,

Gell. 4, 20, 1:

tristitia et in omni re severitas,

Cic. Lael. 18, 66; cf.:

homo ipsā tristitiā et severitate popularis,

id. Brut. 25, 97:

si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris,

id. Mur. 31, 66; so (opp. comitas) id. Brut. 40, 148; (opp. mansuetudo et misericordia) Sall. C. 54, 2; (opp hilaritas risusque) Cic. Brut. 93, 322:

T. Torquatus cum illam severitatem in eo filio adhibuit, quem, etc.,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

evellere se aculeum severitatis vestrae,

id. Clu. 55, 152:

laetissimae vir severitatis,

Vell. 2, 127, 4:

Catoni severitas dignitatem addiderat,

Sall. C. 54, 2:

commodare magnis peccatis severitatem,

Tac. Agr. 19:

summa severitas animadversionis,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 7:

exempli,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7:

judiciorum (opp. lenitas ac misericordia),

id. Sull. 33, 92:

imperii,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4; cf.: militarem disciplinam severitatemque minuere, Auct. B. Alex. 48 fin.;

65: nimia emendationis severitas,

Quint. 2, 4, 10:

disciplinae,

id. 2, 2, 4:

orationis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 6:

hac severitate aurium laetor,

this severity of taste, id. ib. 3, 18, 9.—

Transf.:

etiam corruptissimo in genere magis tamen juvat quaedam ipsius viti severitas,

rudeness, crudeness, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 21.

squāma, ae, f., a scale (of a fish, serpent, etc.).

Lit.:

alias (animantes) squamis obductas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121.—Of a serpent:

tractu squamae crepitantis harenam Sulcat,

Ov. M. 15, 725:

hydri,

Verg. G. 3, 545; id. A. 5, 88; 11, 754; Ov. M. 3, 63; 4, 577.—Of a fish:

alia integuntur squamis ut pisces,

Plin. 9, 12, 14, § 114; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 295.—Of bees:

rutilis clarus squamis,

Verg. G. 4, 93.—

Transf.

Poet., a fish, Juv. 4, 25.—

Of scaleshaped things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Scale-armor, Verg. A. 9, 707; 11, 488.—

A cataract in the eye, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 21. —

Hulls or husks:

milli,

Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107.—

Scales of metal struck off by the hammer:

ferri,

Plin. 34, 15, 46, § 154; Cels. 5, 1:

aeris,

Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107; Cels. 2, 12:

plumbi,

Plin. 30, 12, 33, § 107.—

Trop., roughness, rudeness:

sermonis,

Sid. Ep. 3, 3.

sŭperbĭa, ae, f. [superbus].

In a bad sense, loftiness, haughtiness, pride, arrogance (syn.:

arrogantia, insolentia, fastidium, fastus): num sibi aut stultitia accessit aut superat superbia?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77:

magnitudinem animi superbia (imitatur) in animis extollendis,

Cic. Part. Or. 23, 81:

divitiae dedecoris plenae sunt et insolentis superbiae,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

abicio superbiam,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 10:

in rebus prosperis superbiam magno opere, fastidium arrogantiamque fugiamus,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90; so (with fastidium) id. Rep. 1, 32, 48; (with arrogantia) id. Inv. 1, 54, 105; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 4, 16, 8; (with avaritia) Liv. 43, 2, 2; (with insolentia, contumacia) Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 89;

(with importunitas),

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; id. Lael. 15, 54; (with inhumanitas) id. de Or. 1, 22, 99; (with crudelitas) Liv. 8, 33, 11; (opp. moderatio) id. 8, 33, 13:

domicilium superbiae,

id. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

pone superbiam,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 9:

superbiam alicujus retundere,

Phaedr. 4, 23, 21:

in vultu damnosa superbia vestro, Ov A. A. 3, 509: silentium ipsius in superbiam accipiebatur,

was interpreted as pride, Tac. A. 6, 19 (13) fin.:

absit superbia, asperitas,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 5:

nec tanta superbia victis,

Verg. A. 1, 529.— Plur.:

secundas fortunas decent superbiae,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28.—

Conceit, vanity:

legatos, velut ad ludibrium stolidae superbiae in senatum vocatos esse,

Liv. 45, 3, 3.—

Rudeness, discourtesy:

superbiam tuam accusant, quod negent te percontantibus respondere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 3.—

Transf., of things: album opus propter superbiam candoris concipit fumum, the delicacy of white (as a color), Vitr. 7, 3, 4.—

In a good sense, lofty spirit, honorable pride ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sume superbiam Quaesitam meritis,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 14:

nec tantam Vespesiano superbiam,

Tac. H. 3, 66.—

Transf., of things:

eadem causa in piris taxatur superbiae cognomine,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 53; cf. superbus, II. B. 1.