717d

πρό,

A before, forth:

A PREP. WITH GENIT.:

I of Place, before, in front of,

ἠγερέθοντο π. ἄστεος Od.24.468

, cf. Il.15.351, etc.;

π. πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον 19.292

;

κείνους κιχησόμεθα π. πυλάων 10.126

, cf. 6.80, etc.;

φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε π. νεῶν 18.172

;

πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι π. 8.561

, cf. 10.12, Od.8.581, etc.;

κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι π. Il.3.3

;

π. τειχέων Pi.O.13.56

; ἔμπροσθε π. (v.l.)

τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, ὄπισθε δὲ τῶν πυλέων Hdt.8.53

, cf. 9.52; π. δόμων, π. δωμάτων, in front of, i.e. outside the house, Pi.P.2.18, 5.96, etc.;

π. θυρῶν S.El. 109

(anap.), etc.; τὴν π. τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον before or off the Heraeum, Th.3.75, cf. 7.22; π. ποδός, v. πούς 1.4a; π. χειρῶν at hand, S.Ant. 1279, E. Rh. 274, dub. in Tr. 1207;

π. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν προφαίνεσθαι Aeschin. 2.148

.

2 with Vbs. of motion,

π. δ' ἄρ' αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν Od. 19.435

, cf. Il.23.115;

π. Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει 10.286

, cf. 13.693;

π. ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας 5.96

.

3 before, in front of, for the purpose of shielding or guarding,

π. Τρώων ἑσταότ' Il.24.215

: hence, in defence of,

μάχεσθαι.. π. τε παίδων καὶ π. γυναικῶν 8.57

, cf. 4.156, 373, Hdt.8.74, etc.; ὀλέσθαι π. πόληος, Lat. pro patria mori, Il.22.110;

π. τῆς Σπάρτης ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.7.134

, cf. 172,9.72, E.Alc.18, 645, etc.;

π. τοῦ θανόντος.. ἔθεσθ' ἐπιστροφήν S.OT 134

;

διακινδυνεῦσαι π. βασιλέως X.Cyr.8.8.4

; βουλεύεσθαι, πράττειν π. τινός, ib.1.6.42, 4.5.44, cf. Mem.2.4.7; π. τοξευμάτων as a defence against arrows, Id.An.7.8.18: hence also, for, on behalf of, instead of, ἀγρυπνῆσαι π. τινῶν ib.7.6.36, cf. Leg.Gort.1.43; of an advocate,

π. τῶνδε φωνεῖν S.OT10

, cf. OC 811; ὄτι δέ κ' αὐτὸς π. Ειαυτοῦ [ἀμάρτῃ] whatever offence he commits of his own volition, Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn p.34.

4 π. ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο further on the road, i.e. forwards, onward, Il.4.382, cf. Ael.NA3.16,7.29 (v. φροῦδος): also to denote distance,

π. πολλοῦ τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35

;

π. τριάκοντα σταδίων

at a distance of

30

stades, Str.8.6.24.

5 π. ἠοῦς, π. ἑσπέρης τοῦ βωμοῦ, eastwards, west wards of.., IG7.235.45 (Orop., iv B.C.).

II of Time, before,

π. γάμοιο Od.15.524

;

ἠῶθι π. 5.469

; π. ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν one before the other, Il.10.224; more freq. in later writers,

π. τῶν Τρωικῶν Th.1.3

, cf. 1.1;

π. τοῦ θανεῖν S.Ant. 883

;

π. τοῦ θανάτου Pl.Phd. 57a

;

π. τοῦ λοιμοῦ Id.Smp. 201d

;

π. δείπνου X.Cyr. 5.5.39

; π. ἡμέρας ib.4.5.14; π. τοῦ χρῆσθαι before one uses it, Id.Mem.2.6.6; π. μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς before my doom, A.Ag. 1266;

π. τῆς εἱμαρμένης Antipho 1.21

;

π. τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου Aeschin.3.126

, cf. 124; π. πολλοῦ long before, Hdt.7.130, etc.; π. μικροῦ, π. ὀλίγου, Plu.Pomp.73, App.BC2.116;

ὀλίγον π. τούτων Th.2.8

; τὸ π. τοῦ (v.l. τούτου) ib.15; π. τοῦ (sts. written προτοῦ) A.Ag. 1204, Hdt.1.122, 5.83, Ar.Th. 418, Pl.Smp. 173a;

ὁ π. τοῦ χρόνος A.Eu. 462

, Th.2.58, etc.; π. τοῦ ἤ, = πρὶν ἤ, IG7.2225.22 ([place name] Thisbe);

οἱ π. ἡμῶν γενόμενοι Isoc.13.19

;

οἱ π. ἐμοῦ Th.1.97

.

2 in later writers freq. with Numerals, π. τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν thirty days before, Ael.NA5.52;

π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας Plu.Caes.63

;

π. ἐνιαυτοῦ Id.2.147e

;

π. δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ἢ ἐτελεύτα Id.Sull.37

: freq. c. dupl. gen., π. δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, π. δύο ὡρῶν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς, LXX Am.1.1, Dsc.1.64; π. ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, π. μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων, Ev.Jo.12.1, Plu. 2.717d;

π. πολλοῦ τῆς ἑορτῆς Luc.Sat.14

.

b in rendering Roman dates, τῇ π. μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων, = pridie Non. Oct., Plu.2.203a, etc.

III in other relations:

1 of Preference, before, rather than, κέρδος αἰνῆσαι π. δίκας to praise sleight before right, Pi.P.4.140, cf. Pl.R. 361e; πᾶν δὴ βουλόμενοι σφίσι εἶναι π. τῆς παρεούσης λύπης anything before, rather than, their actual trouble, Hdt.7.152 (so, in order to avoid,

π. τοῦ δεινοτάτου D.54.19

);

πᾶν π. τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν Th.5.100

, cf.4.59; ἑλέσθαι, αἱρεῖσθαι, or κρῖναί τι π. τινός to choose one before another, Id.5.36, Pl.R. 366b, Phlb. 57e; π. πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι to esteem above much, i.e. very highly, Isoc.5.138;

π. πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμήσασθαί τι Th.1.33

, cf.6.10; π. ἄλλων more than others, Pl.Mx. 249e (v.l.), cf. A. Th. 1002; δυσδαίμων.. π. πασᾶν γυναικῶν ib. 927 (codd., lyr.);

π. πάντων θεῶν τῇ Ἑστίᾳ πρώτῃ προθύειν Pl.Cra. 401d

: after a [comp] Comp. it is redundant,

ἡ τυραννὶς π. ἐλευθερίης ἀσπαστότερον Hdt.1.62

, cf.6.12, Pl.Ap. 28d, Cri. 54b, Phd. 99a; for ἤ after

ἄλλος, οὐδεὶς ἄλλος π. σεῦ Hdt.3.85

, cf.7.3.

2 of Cause or Motive, for, from, π. φόβοιο for fear, Il.17.667; ἀθλεύων π. ἄνακτος toiling before the face of, i.e. in his service, 24.734; π. τῶνδε there fore, S.El. 495 (lyr.).

B POSITION: words may be put between π. and its case, Il.23.115; but it does not follow its case, exc. after [dialect] Ep. forms in -θι, Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό (v. supr.).

C πρό, abs. as ADV.:

I of Place, before, opp. ἐπί ( after), Il. 13.799, 800; before, in front, 15.360; forth, forward,

ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε π. φόωσδε 19.118

; χωρεῖν π. δόμων to come forth from, S.Tr. 960 (lyr.);

ἄγειν τινὰ π. δόμων E.Hec.59

(anap.); γῆν π. γῆς ἐλαύνομαι I am driven on from one land to another, A.Pr. 682;

διώκειν γῆν π. γῆς Ar.Ach. 235

.

II of Time, before,

πρό οἱ εἴπομεν Od.1.37

; earlier,

τά τ' ἐσσόμενα π. τ' ἐόντα Hes. Th.32

,38.

III when joined with other Preps., ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό, it strengthens the first Prep., or adds to it the notion of forward, forth.

D πρό IN COMPOS.

I with Substs., to denote

1 position before or in front, πρόδομος, προάστιον, πρόθυρον, προπύλαια, etc.

2 priority of rank, πρόεδρος, προεδρία, etc.: also priority of order, προάγων, πρόλογος, προοίμιον, προπάτωρ, etc.

3 standing in another's place, πρόμαντις, πρόξενος.

II with Adjs., to denote

1 proximity, πρόχειρος; and readiness, πρόθυμος, πρόφρων.

2 away (cf. 111.3 infr.), προθέλυμνος, πρόρριζος.

3 prematureness, πρόμοιρος, πρόωρος.

4 intensity, πρόπας, πρόπαρ, προπάροιθε; so also πρόκακος, πρόπαλαι.

III with Verbs,

1 of Place, before, forwards, προβαίνω, προβάλλω, προτίθημι, etc.: also, before, in defence, προκινδυνεύω, προμάχομαι, etc.

2 forth, προέλκω, προφέρω.

b publicly, προγράφω, προειπεῖν, πρόκειμαι.

3 away, προδίδωμι, προϊάλλω, προϊάπτω, προΐημι, προλείπω, προρέω, προτέμνω, προτρέπομαι, προφεύγω, προχέω.

4 in preference, προαιροῦμαι, προτιμάω, etc.

5 before, beforehand, προαισθάνομαι, προγίγνομαι, προκαταλαμβάνω, etc.; of foresight, προνοέω, προοράω.

E Etymology: cf. Lat. προ?πρόX-, Slav. pro-, Skt. pra-, etc., in compounds.

πτηνός, ή, όν, [dialect] Dor. [full] πτανός, ά, όν; also ός, όν Pl.Prt. 320e: ([etym.] πτῆναι, πέτομαι):—

A flying, winged, Διὸς π. κύων, i.e. eagle, A.Pr. 1022, cf. Ag. 136 (lyr.);

π. ὄφις Id.Eu. 181

; ὄρνις, οἰωνός, S.Ph. 955, Ant. 1082; Ἔρως, ἵπποι, E.Hipp. 1275 (lyr.), IT 193 (lyr.);

ἅρμα Pl.Phdr. 246e

; also of arrows,

π. ἰοί S.Ph. 166

(anap.);

βέλη E.HF 179

; π. φυγή, of birds, Pl.Prt. 320e.

2 τὰ π. winged creatures, birds, A.Ch. 591 (lyr.), S.Aj. 168 (anap.), E. Ion 504 (lyr.), etc.;

πτηνὸν ὀρνίθων γένος Ar. Av. 1707

;

πτηνῶν γένη Id.Th.46

; opp. τὰ πεζά, Pl.Smp. 207a; opp. τὰ πεζά and τὰ πλωτά, Arist.HA 488a1, cf. 542a23: hence πταναὶ θῆραι the pursuit of winged game, S.Ph. 1146 (lyr.); ἡ [θήρα] τῶν π. Pl. Lg. 823b: of young birds, fledged, E.Tr. 146 (lyr.).

3 swift-footed, παρδάλεις, κάμηλοι, Lib.Ep.219.5, 1402.3.

II metaph., πτηνοὶ μῦθοι, Homer's ἔπεα πτερόεντα, E.Or. 1176: but κοῦφοι καὶ π. λόγοι fleeting, idle words, Pl.Lg. 717d;

π. ὄνειροι E.IT 571

; πτηνὰς διώκεις ἐλπίδας fleeting hopes, Id.Fr. 271.

2 πτανὰ ἰσχύς soaring, aspiring strength, Pi.Fr.107.3.

συγγιγνώσκω, [dialect] Ion. and later Gr. [pref] συγγῑν-: [tense] fut.

A

συγγνώσομαι E. Ion 1440

, etc.: [tense] aor. 2

συνέγνων A.Supp. 215

, etc.: [tense] pf. συνέγνωκα:— think with, agree with, τινι X.Cyr.7.2.27;

μοι ταῦτα Is.8.38

; μετὰ πολλῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ξυνέγνωσαν shared the error with them, Th.8.24: abs., consent, agree, Hdt.4.5, Th.2.60:—[voice] Med., Hdt.3.99.

b come to agreement legally,

ἀμφὶ τὰν δαῖσιν Leg.Gort.5.46

, cf. PGnom. 169 (ii A.D.); of the parties to a treaty, SIG56.33 (Argos, v B.C.).

2 later, to be privy to a thing, join in a plot with, τινι App.BC2.6: c. acc.,

τὴν ἐπιβουλήν D.C.44.13

;

τὴν φυγήν Cat.Cod.Astr.1.98

; οἱ συνεγνωκότες conspirators, App.BC2.5.

II σ. ἑαυτῷ to be conscious, with part. in nom.,

σ. καὶ αὐτοὶ σφίσιν ὡς ἠδικηκότες Lys.9.11

;

παθόντες ἂν ξυγγνοῖμεν ἡμαρτηκότες S.Ant. 926

; σ. ἑαυτοῖς κακῶς βουλευόμενοι (as v.l. for -οις) D.H.2.55: with part. in dat.,

σ. αὐτοῖσι ἡμῖν οὐ ποιήσασι ὀρθῶς Hdt.5.91

, cf. D.H.3.60:—[voice] Med.,

συνεγινώσκετο ἑωυτῷ οὐκέτι εἶναι δυνατός Hdt.3.53

.

2 acknowledge, own, confess, τι Id.4.3;

οὐχ ἧσσον ταῦτα ἐκείνου Th.7.73

: c. acc. et inf.,

συγγνόντες ποιέειν σε δίκαια Hdt.1.89

, cf. 91: c. dat. et inf.,

οὔ οἱ σ. λέγειν ἀληθέα Id.4.43

; also

σ. ὡς.. Pl.Lg. 717d

: abs., confess one's error,

νῦν συγγνοὺς χρήσομαι τῇ ἐκείνου γνώμῃ Hdt.7.13

, cf. 9.122:— [voice] Med., οὔτε συγγινωσκόμενοι (sc. τοῦτο) Id.5.94, cf. 6.92: c. inf., οὐ συνεγινώσκετο αὐτὸς.. εἶναι αἴτιος ib.61, cf. 1.45, 4.126, 5.86: c. acc. et inf., Id.6.140.

3 ἡ συνεγνωσμένη ζωή life as generally understood, opp. οὐσιώδης, Dam.Pr. 139; so

θάνατος ὁ -σμένος Porph. Sent.9

; τὰ κατ' αἴσθησιν -σμένα ib.38;

τῶν -σμένων τοῖς πολλοῖς Syrian.in Metaph.26.14

.

4 recognize, τινα Arch.Pap.1.219 ([place name] Ptolemaic).

III collect or conclude from premisses,

εὖ γε ξυνέβαλεν αὔτ'· ἀτὰρ δῆλόν γ' ἀφ' οὗ ξυνέγνω Ar.Eq. 427

;

ἐκ θεσφάτων ὅτι.. D.H. 4.4

.

IV have a fellow-feeling with another: hence, make allowance for him, excuse, pardon, S.El. 257, E. Ion 1440, X.Cyr.5.1.13; τινι S. Tr. 279, E.El. 1105, etc.;

σ. τινὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν Id.Andr. 840

, cf. A. Supp. 215 (where εὐγνώη codd.);

δημοκρατίαν αὐτῷ τῷ δήμῳ συγγιγνώσκω X.Ath.2.20

;

αὐτοῖς τῆς ἐπιθυμίας Pl.Euthd. 306c

;

βαρβάροις ὅτι.. Id.Mx. 244b

;

ξ. εἰ.. Ar.V. 959

; also

σ. τοῖς εἰρημένοις E.El. 348

, cf. Pl.Smp. 218b;

κλοπαῖς E.IT 1400

, cf. Ar.Eq. 1299 (lyr.);

σ. ἡμῖν τοῖς λελεγμένοις E.Hel.82

:—[voice] Med., A.Supp. 216, Hdt.7.12, Democr.253.

ἐπίσκοπ-ος (A), ὁ, (

A

σκοπός 1

) one who watches over, overseer, guardian, ἦ γὰρ ὄλωλας ἐπίσκοπος, ὅς τέ μιν αὐτὴν ῥύσκευ (sc. τὴν πόλιν), of Hector, Il.24.729,

ἐ... ὁδαίων Od.8.163

; ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων watchers over compacts, of the gods, Il.22.255;

νεκροῦ S.Ant. 217

;

σῆς ἕδρας Id.OC 112

; ἐ. ὀϊστῶν, of an archer, v.l. in Theoc.24.107; in education, tutor, Pl.Lg. 795d; ἐ. σωφροσύνης καὶ ὕβρεως ib. 849a: c.dat., ἀγυιαῖς ἔσσῃ καὶ λιμένεσσιν ἐ. Call.Dian.39; esp. of tutelary gods (cf. ἐπισκοπέὠ, Παλλὰς ἐ. Sol.4.3;

Δίκη Pl.Lg. 872e

;

Κλειὼ ἐ. χερνίβων Simon.45

; Χάριτες Μινυᾶν ἐ. Pi.O.14.3;

θεοὶ ἐ. ἀγορᾶς A.Th. 272

; πατρῴων δωμάτων ἐ. Id.Ch. 126; τὸ δεινὸν.. φρενῶν ἐπίσκοπον guardian of the mind, Id.Eu. 518 (lyr.); νυχίων φθεγμάτων ἐ., of Bacchus, S.Ant. 1148 (lyr);

Ἐρινύες IG12(9).1179.33

(Euboea, ii A.D.); [Χριστὸς] ἐ.

τῶν ψυχῶν 1 Ep.Pet.2.25

: rarely c. dat.,

πᾶσι γὰρ ἐ. ἐτάχθη.. Νέμεσις Pl.Lg. 717d

.

------------------------------------

ἐπίσκοπ-ος (B), ον, (

A

σκοπός 11

) hitting the mark, successful, βάλλειν ἐ. Them.Or.11.143a ([comp] Sup.);

τοξότης Him.Ecl.14.3

;

ἠχή Opp.C.1.42

; reaching, touching,

νίκης μὴ κακῆς ἐπίσκοπα A.Eu. 903

; ἄτηστῆσδ' ἐ. μέλος having regard to the calamity, S.Aj. 976: neut. pl. ἐπίσκοπα, as Adv., successfully, with goodaim,

ἐ.τοξεύειν Hdt.3.35

, Jul.Or.1.11c: regul.Adv. -πως, ἀκοντίζειν

ἢ τοξεύειν Alcid.Soph.7

, cf. Poll.6.205: [comp] Comp.

-ώτερα, βάλλειν Them.Or.8.116b

: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατα Poll.1.215

. Cf. εὔστοχος, εὔσκοπος.

ὀργι-αστής, οῦ, ὁ,

A one who celebrates

ὄργια, μυστηρίων ὀργιασταί Id.2.417a

;

τῆς Ἴσιδος App.BC4.47

; τῆς Ἀκαδημείας ὀ. an enthusiastic adherent of the Academy, Plu.2.717d:—fem. [suff] ὀργι-αστίς, ίδος, IG2.1413,1414.

ὑπείκ-ω, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὑποείκω, with [tense] impf. ὑπόεικον, Il.16.305: [tense] fut.

A

ὑπείξω A.Ag. 1362

, S.OT 625, D.15.24;

ὑπείξομαι Il.1.294

, Od.12.117; [dialect] Ep. also

ὑποείξομαι Il.23.602

: [tense] aor. 1

ὑπεῖξα X.An.7.7.31

; [dialect] Ep.

ὑπόειξα Il.15.227

: cf. ὑπεικαθεῖν:—retire, withdraw, depart, c. gen. loci, νεῶν from the ships, Il.16.305; ὑ. τινὶ ἕδρης retire from one's seat for another, make room for him, Od.16.42; ὑ. τοῦ ἀρχαίου λόγου draw back from.., Hdt.7.160; ὑ. τινὶ λόγων (cj. Valck. for λόγῳ) give one the first word, allow him to speak first, X.Mem.2.3.16;

πολίταις ὁδῶν καὶ θάκων καὶ λόγων ὑπείκειν Id.Cyr.8.7.10

.

2 yield, give way,

ὑ. τινί Id.An.7.7.31

: abs., of a seaman,

ὅστις.. πόδα τείνας ὑπείκει μηδέν S.Ant. 716

; of things, Il.20.266;

ὅσα δένδρων ὑ. S.Ant. 713

;

ὑ. ὑγρὰ οὖσα ἡ κνήμη X.Eq.7.6

;

ὑ. αἱ δάπιδες

are soft and yielding,

Id.Cyr.8.8.16

; ἐν ὑπείκοντι in a yielding substance, Arist.PA 694b15;

πρὸς ἀντιπῖπτον.. καὶ οὐ πρὸς ὑπεῖκον Id.Pr. 961b4

;

καθ' ἅπερ ἂν ὑπείκῃ Gal.2.711

; τὸ ὑπεῖκον, = οἱ ὑπείκοντες, E.IT 327.

3 c. acc., πάροιθε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑπόειξε χεῖρας ἐμάς he scaped my hands, Il.15.227.

II metaph., yield, give way, comply, ib. 211;

θεοῖσιν ὑπείξεαι ἀθανάτοισι Od.12.117

, cf. Il.23.602;

ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦθ' ὑποείξομεν ἀλλήλοισι 4.62

; σοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι I will give way to thee in.., 1.294: in Trag., [dialect] Att., etc., sts. abs., yield, submit, S.Aj. 371, OT 625, Th.1.127, Pl. Ap. 32a, Ep.Hebr.13.17, etc.: sts. c. dat., submit to, A.Ag. 1362;

τιμαῖς S.Aj. 670

;

γήρᾳ ὑ. E.IA 140

(anap.);

ὑ. θυμουμένοις Pl.Lg. 717d

, cf. R. 336e, etc.;

ἐπιθυμίαις Phld.D.1.25

: c. inf., νῷν ὕπεικε τὸν κασίγνητον μολεῖν concede to us that.., S.OC 1184; ὑ. δαμῆναι submit to be conquered, A.R.4.1676; but ὑ. μὴ πολεμίζειν yield, so as not to.., prob. l. ib. 408 (ὑπείξομαι, -ωμαι codd.).

ὑπεραίρω,

A lift or raise up over,

εἰς τὸν ἔξω τόπον τὴν τοῦ ἡνιόχου κεφαλήν Pl.Phdr. 248a

;

τὴν ὀφρῦν ὑπὲρ τοὺς κροτάφους Luc.Am.54

; ἑρμάτων ὑ. τὸ σκάφος over the rocks, Philostr.VA3.23; ὑ. τὸ φθέγμα raise it very high, Luc.Ner.9:—[voice] Med., lift oneself or rise above,

πάντων Anon.

in Rh.1.632 W.: abs., to be lifted up, 2 Ep.Cor.12.7; give oneself airs, be coy, Aristaenet.1.17, 2.6; exalt oneself above,

ἐπὶ θεόν 2 Ep.Thess.2.4

.

2 heighten,

ναῦν τοίχοις Philostr. VA3.35

.

II intr.,

1 c. acc., jump over,

τειχία X.Eq.Mag.8.3

; cross,

Ἄλπεις Plb.2.23.1

;

ὑ. τὸ πέλαγος

pass over,

Id.1.28.1

; ὑ. τὴν ἄκραν double the cape, Id.1.54.7; κάμψαντες τὸν Πάχυνον ὑ. [ τὸ πέλαγος] εἰς .. Id.1.25.8; also

τὸν Καταράκτην OGI654.6

(Egypt, i B. C.): abs., cross the sea, Plb.1.47.2: as naval and military term, outflank,

τὸ λαιὸν τῶν πολεμίων Plb.1.50.6

, cf. 3.73.7, etc.: without a sense of motion, rise above,

τὸ ὕδωρ Thphr. HP4.8.10

;

τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ δένδρου Id.CP5.14.9

.

2 excel, τινι in a thing, D.18.220: c. acc., excel, Id.60.21, Aristeas 16, Philostr.Her.2.19;

τοὺς πρὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἡγεμονεύσαντας SIG877

A5 (Delph., ii/iii A. D.);

νοῦν ὑπεραίρει Plot.6.7.22

.

3 overshoot, go beyond,

μήθ' ὑπεράρας μήθ' ὑποκάμψας καιρόν A.Ag. 786

(anap.);

ὑ. τὸν ὡρισμένον καιρόν Plb. 9.14.11

;

τὴν συνήθειαν Id.28.14.2

; exceed,

ὑ. τῆς οὐσίας τὸ μέγεθος ὁ τῶν τέκνων ἀριθμός Arist.Pol. 1266b11

;

οὗ ἡ πρόνοια τὰς πάντων εὐχὰς οὐκ ἐπλήρωσε μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερῆρε BMus.Inscr.894.8

(Halic., i A. D.); πυγωνιαῖον ἢ μικρὸν ὑπεραῖρον a little more, Thphr.HP4.6.8; τῶν ὑπεραιρόντων ἱερέων the priests in excess (of a certain number), BGU1.16 (iii A. D.); τῶν ὑπεραιρούντων (sic)

τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἱερέων PLond.2.347.6

(iii A. D.); τὸ ὑπεραῖρον ἀργύριον the money (received) in excess, SIG976.27 (Samos, ii B. C.); τοσοῦτον ἐν [ τοῖς δαπανηθεῖσιν] ὑπερῆρεν [ αὐτόν] he so far exceeded him in his expenditure, D.C.37.8;

λόγος ὑπεραίρων τοῖς ὀνόμασι καὶ ταῖς γνώμαις

overdone,

Philostr.VA8.6

;

τὸ ὑπεραῖρον

exaggeration,

Plb.16.12.9

.

III c. gen., pass beyond, double a cape,

τοῦ ἀκρωτηρίου Philostr.VA3.24

; rise above,

τῆς γῆς Id.Her.19.16

.

2 transcend, exceed, μήθ' ὑπεραίροντα τῶν εἰθισμένων ὄγκων (

τὸν εἰθ. ὄγκον Stob.

)

μήτ' ἐλλείποντα Pl.Lg. 717d

, cf. D.C.75.13 (c. gen.), etc.;

ὑ. τῷ μεγέθει τινῶν D.S.20.91

, etc.; overcome,

τέχνῃ τοῦ ῥοθίου Philostr.VA7.26

.

3 c. gen., despise, ib.1.2, Philostr.Jun.Im.7.

IV overflow,

τὰ ἀγγεῖα Arist.Mir. 835a32

: abs., of a stream,

ὑ. εἰς τὰ χωρία D.55.10

.

2 ὑ. ὑπέρ τι project beyond.., Arr.Tact.12.9; οἱ ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ζυγῷ ὑ. τοὺς πρωτοστάτας πήχεις σ, i.e. their σάρισαι project beyond.., Ael.Tact. 14.4; ὑπεραίρειν ἔξω τὰ βλέφαρα project beyond the eyelids, of a tumour, Aët.7.36, cf. 15; overlap, Aristarch.Sam.8.

V Ὑπεραίρων, οντος, ὁ, Most Excellent, = Lat. Exsuperatorius, name given to December by Commodus, D.C.72.15.

Grammatical information: num., ordinal

Meaning: `the seventh' (Il.)

Other forms: OCor., Delph. ἑβδέμᾱ(ν);

Compounds: ἑβδομᾱ-γενής `born on the 7th day', surname of Apollon (Plu. 2, 717d; -ᾱ- after ἑβδομᾱγέτης?).

Derivatives: ἑβδομαῖος ( ἑβδεμ- Epid.) `appearing on the 7th day, seventhdayfever' (Hp. usw.), - αῖον n. N. feast for Apollon (Chios, Miletos); ἑβδόμειος `honoured on the 7th day' (of Ap. IG 2, 1653), ἑβδομεύομαι `get your name on the 7th day' (Lys.). - ἑβδόματος (Il.) after δέκατος, ἑβδεμάται dat. f. (Epigramm, Argos; Herzog Philol. 71, 6). - On ἑβδομ-ᾱγέτης s. ἑβδομήκοντα. ἑβδομάς f. `number seven (days etc)' (Sol., Hp.) with ἑβδομαδικός `belonging to the week' and ἑβδομάζω `keep the sabbat', ἑβδομάκις `seven times' (Call.). - Sommer Zum Zahlwort 10ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [909] * s(e)ptm-os `seventh'

Etymology: The ordinal ἕβδομος, ἕβδεμος from IE * sebdmos (with Greek vowel and IE assimilation for * s(e)ptmos from *septm̥ `seven') is with OCS sedmъ identical. With influence of the cardinal, e. g. Lat. septimus, Skt. saptamá-, Hitt. šiptam-iya- (a fluidity, s. Friedrich Heth. Wb. s. v., Sommer Zum Zahlwort 23 n.); with loss of the t and pm \> km OLith. sẽkmas. - Cf. ἑπτά.

Page in Frisk: 1,435

ἐπίσκοπος, ου, ὁ (s. prec. entry; Hom. et al.; Diod S 37, 28, 1 [of a king w. synonym θεατής], ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 15:7 cod. A [p. 61, 16 Bat.] μετάνοια … ἐπίσκοπος πάντων τῶν παρθένων; Philo, Joseph.—LPorter, The Word ἐπίσκοπος in Pre-Christian Usage: ATR 21, ’39, 103–12) gener. ‘one who watches over, guardian’. BThiering, ‘Mebaqqer’ and ‘Episkopos’ in the Light of the Temple Scroll: JBL 100, ’81, 59–74 (office of ‘bishop’ adopted fr. Essene lay communities; cp. CD 14, 8–12; בקר Ezk 34:11 [LXX ἐπισκέπτειν]).

① one who has the responsibility of safeguarding or seeing to it that someth. is done in the correct way, guardian (so Il. 22, 255, deities are guardians of agreements, i.e. they ‘see to it’ that they are kept; Aeschyl., Sept. 272; Soph., Ant. 1148; Pla., Leg. 4, 717d; Plut., Cam. 5, 6 θεοὶ χρηστῶν ἐπίσκοποι καὶ πονηρῶν ἔργων; Maximus Tyr. 5, 8e ὦ Ζεῦ κ. Ἀθηνᾶ κ. Ἄπολλον, ἐθῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπίσκοποι; Babrius 11, 4 P. ’84=L-P.; Herodian 7, 10, 3. Oft. Cornutus, ed. Lang, index; SIG 1240, 21; UPZ 144, 49 [164 B.C.]; PGM 4, 2721; Job 20:29; Wsd 1:6; Philo, Migr. Abr. 115 al.; SibOr, Fgm. 1, 3) παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης κ. ἐπίσκοπος creator and guardian of every spirit 1 Cl 59:3.—Of Christ (w. ποιμήν) ἐ. τῶν ψυχῶν guardian of the souls 1 Pt 2:25. The passages IMg 3:1 θεῷ τῷ πάντων ἐ.; cp. 6:1 show the transition to the next mng.

② In the Gr-Rom. world ἐ. freq. refers to one who has a definite function or fixed office of guardianship and related activity within a group (Aristoph., Av. 1023; IG XII/1, 49, 43ff [II/I B.C.], 50, 34ff [I B.C.]; LBW 1989; 1990; 2298; Num 31:14 al.; PPetr III, 36a verso, 16 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 10, 53; 12, 254), including a religious group (IG XII/1, 731, 8: an ἐ. in the temple of Apollo at Rhodes. S. Dssm., NB 57f [BS 230f]. Cp. also Num 4:16. On the Cynic-Stoic preacher as ἐπισκοπῶν and ἐπίσκοπος s. ENorden, Jahrb. klass. Phil Suppl. 19, 1893, 377ff.—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 30 Moses as ἐ.). The term was taken over in Christian communities in ref. to one who served as overseer or supervisor, with special interest in guarding the apostolic tradition (Iren., Orig., Hippol.). Ac 20:28 (RSchnackenburg, Schriften zum NT, ’71, 247–67; ELöwestam, Paul’s Address at Miletus: StTh 41, ’87, 1–10); (w. διάκονοι) Phil 1:1 (JReumann, NTS 39, ’93, 446–50); D 15:1; 1 Ti 3:2; Tit 1:7 (s. BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 173; 177; 227). ἀπόστολοι, ἐ., διδάσκαλοι, διάκονοι Hv 3, 5, 1; (w. φιλόξενοι) Hs 9, 27, 2. Esp. freq. in Ignatius IEph 1:3; 2:1f; 3:2; 4:1; 5:1f and oft.; 2 Ti subscr.: Tim., overseer of the Ephesians; Tit subscr.: Titus overseer of the Cretan Christians. The ecclesiastical loanword ‘bishop’ is too technical and loaded with late historical baggage for precise signification of usage of ἐπίσκοπος and cognates in our lit., esp. the NT.—EHatch-AHarnack, D. Gesellschaftsverf. d. christ. Kirchen im Altert. 1883; Harnack, D. Lehre d. 12 Apostel 1884, 88ff, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung u. des Kirchenrechts in d. zwei ersten Jahrh. 1910; ELoening, D. Gemeindeverf. d. Urchristent. 1888; CWeizsäcker, D. apost. Zeitalter² 1892, 613ff; RSohm, Kirchenrecht I 1892; JRéville, Les origines de l’épiscopat 1894; HBruders, D. Verf. d. Kirche bis z. J. 175, 1904; RKnopf, D. nachapostl. Zeitalter 1905, 147ff; PBatiffol-FSeppelt, Urkirche u. Katholicismus 1910, 101ff; OScheel, Z. urchristl. Kirchen-u. Verfassungsproblem: StKr 85, 1912, 403–57; HLietzmann, Z. altchr. Verfassungsgesch.: ZWT 55, 1913, 101–6 (=Kleine Schriften I, ’58, 144–48); EMetzner, D. Verf. d. Kirche in d. zwei ersten Jahrh. 1920; KMüller, Beiträge z. Gesch. d. Verf. in d. alten Kirche: ABA 1922, no. 3; HDieckmann, D. Verf. d. Urkirche 1923; GvHultum, ThGl 19, 1927, 461–88; GHolstein, D. Grundlagen d. evangel. Kirchenrechts 1928; JJeremias, Jerusalem II B 1, 1929, 132ff (against him KGoetz, ZNW 30, ’31, 89–93); BStreeter, The Primitive Church 1929; OLinton, D. Problem d. Urkirche usw. ’32 (lit. from 1880); JLebreton-JZeiller, L’Eglise primitive ’34; HBeyer, D. Bischofamt im NT: Deutsche Theologie 1, ’34, 201–25; HGreeven, Propheten, Lehrer, Vorsteher bei Pls: ZNW 44, ’52/53, 1–43 (lit.); HvCampenhausen, Kirchl. Amt u. geistl. Vollmacht in den ersten 3 Jahrhunderten ’53; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt der christlichen Gemeinde im Lichte der Hl. Schrift ’53; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT (tr. KGrobel) ’55, II, 95–111; TManson, The Church’s Ministry ’56; FNötscher, Vom Alten zum NT ’62, 188–220; DMoody, Interpretation 19, ’65, 168–81; HBraun, Qumran u. das NT ’66, II 326–42; RGG³ I 335–37 (lit.); JFitzmyer, PSchubert Festschr., ’66, 256f, n. 41 (lit.); RAC II 394–407; RBrown, TS 41, ’80, 322–38 (rev. of NT data).—Poland 377. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① the period betw. sunrise and sunset, day

ⓐ lit. (opp. νύξ; e.g. Ath. 24, 2 ἀντιδοξοῦντι … ὡς … τῇ ἡμέρᾳ νύξ) Mt 4:2 (fasting for 40 days and 40 nights as Ex 34:28. S. νύξ 1d.—Cp. JosAs 13:8 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας καὶ ἑπτὰ νύκτας; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10 ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας κ. τὰς ἴσας νύκτας); 12:40 and oft. ἡμέρα γίνεται day is breaking (X., An. 2, 2, 13; 7, 2, 34; Appian, Iber. 74 §315; Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; 6:13; 22:66; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 27:29, 39. ἡμέρα διαυγάζει the day dawns 2 Pt 1:19. κλίνει declines, evening approaches Lk 9:12; 24:29 (cp. Just., D. 56, 16 ἡμέρα προκόπτει). φαίνει shines Rv 8:12. In the gen. to denote a point of time ἡμέρας in daylight (Hippocr., Ep. 19, 7; Arrian, Ind. 13, 6; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 10) 1 Cl 25:4. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday, noon (Lucian, Nigr. 34; cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 190) Ac 26:13. But also, as in Thu. et al., of time within which someth. occurs, ἡμέρας during the day Rv 21:25. ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός (by) day and night (Appian, Liby. 121, §576; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 4; Jos., Ant. 11, 171; Just., D. 1, 4 διʼ ὅλης νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας; also in reverse order as Is 34:10) Mk 5:5; Lk 18:7; Ac 9:24; 1 Th 2:9; 3:10; 2 Th 3:8; AcPl Ha 2, 10; 3, 2. The acc. of time νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν (in this sequence Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 15; Ael. Aristid. 51, 1 K.=27 p. 534 D.; Esth 4:16; cp. νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν Mel., HE 4, 26, 5; Ath. 34, 3) (throughout the) day and (the) night Mk 4:27; Lk 2:37; Ac 20:31; 26:7. τὰς ἡμέρας every day (opp. τὰς νύκτας; cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 36; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 199) Lk 21:37; cp. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν (throughout) every day Ac 5:42 (cp. Hdt. 7, 203, 1). τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην (throughout) that day (Ael. Aristid. 49, 45 K.) J 1:39. ὅλην τ. ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 6, 22) Mt 20:6. The acc. in a distributive sense συμφωνεῖν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν on a denarius a day Mt 20:2 (s. Meisterhans³-Schw. 205; pap in Mlt., ClR 15, 1901, 436; 18, 1904, 152). ἡμέρας ὁδός a day’s journey Lk 2:44 (cp. X., An. 2, 2, 12; Gen 31:23; 1 Macc 5:24; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 21; 23). Daylight lasts for twelve hours, during which a person can walk without stumbling J 11:9ab. ἡ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφή reveling in broad daylight 2 Pt 2:13.

ⓑ fig. (SibOr 5, 241) Christians as υἱοὶ φωτὸς καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας children of light and of the day 1 Th 5:5; cp. vs. 8 (in contrast, Aristoph., Fgm. 573 K. calls Chaerephon, the friend of Socrates νυκτὸς παῖδα, in a derogatory sense). In J 9:4 day denotes the period of human life; cp. Ro 13:12f.

② civil or legal day, including the night, day Mt 6:34; 15:32; Mk 6:21; Lk 13:14; B 15:3ff. Opp. hours Mt 25:13; hours, months, years Rv 9:15; cp. Gal 4:10.

ⓐ In the gen., answering the question, how long? (Nicostrat. Com., Fgm. 5 K. ἡμερῶν τριῶν ἤδη=now for three days; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 13 W. τριῶν ἡμ.; BGU 37, 7 [50 A.D.]; 249, 11 [70–80 A.D.] ἡμερῶν δύο διαμένομεν) τεσσεράκοντα ἡμερῶν during 40 days Ac 1:3 D*. ἑκάστης ἡμέρας each day AcPl Ha 6, 8 (cp. ILegGort 1, 9 of a fine τᾶς ἁμέρας ϝεκάστας ‘for each day’, on the gen. Buck, Dialects §170; Just., D. 2, 6 al.)—In the dat., answering the quest., when? (X., An. 4, 7, 8; Jdth 7:6; Esth 7:2; Bel 40 Theod.; JosAs 11:1; Just., A I, 67, 7 al.) τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 4, 1 τρίτῃ ἡμ.; AscIs 3:16 τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμ.; JosAs 29:8; Just., D. 100, 1 al., cp. D. 85, 6 τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμ.) Mt 16:21; 17:23; Lk 9:22; 24:7, 46; 1 Cor 15:4. ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ on the day on which (PLille 15, 1 [242 B.C.] ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ; 1 Esdr 1:49; Jos., Ant. 20, 26) Lk 17:29; cp. vs. 30. μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ in (the course of) one day (Appian, Iber. 58 §244) 1 Cor 10:8.

ⓑ In the acc., usu. answering the quest., how long? (X., An. 4, 7, 18; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 26 p. 410, 30 Jac. τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην=throughout that day; Polyaenus 6, 53 τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 3; Lucian, Alex. 15 ἡμέρας=several days; Philo, Vi. Cont. 30 τὰς ἓξ ἡμέρας; JosAs 10:20 τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας) ὅλην τ. ἡμέραν the whole day long Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23), 10:21 (Is 65:2). ἡμέραν μίαν for one day Ac 21:7 (Just., D. 12, 3). ἔμειναν οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας J 2:12; cp. 4:40; 11:6; Ac 9:19; 10:48; 16:12; 20:6c; 21:4, 10; Gal 1:18; Rv 11:3, 9. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day (Ps.-Euripides, Rhes. 445f, Henioch. 5, 13 Kock; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Is 58:2; Ps 95:2; Sir 5:7; En) 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.; s. also e below, end). Only rarely does the acc. answer the quest., when? (Antiphanes Com. [IV B.C.] Fgm. 280; Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 3 τρίτην ἡμ.) τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς on the Day of Pentecost Ac 20:16. Peculiar is the expr. τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν προσδοκῶντες this is the fourteenth day you have been waiting Ac 27:33 (cp. X., An. 4, 5, 24 ἐνάτην ἡμέραν γεγαμημένην).—ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας seven times a day Lk 17:4.

ⓒ Used w. prep.: ἀπό w. gen. from … (on) Mt 22:46; J 11:53; Ac 20:18. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας (PRev 9, 1 [258 B.C.]; PsSol 18:11f; EpArist 24) Col 1:6, 9; Hm 4, 4, 3. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι … Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι … Ac 10:30. ἄχρι w. gen. until Mt 24:38b; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2; 2:29. ἄχρι ἡμερῶν πέντε five days later Ac 20:6b. μέχρι τῆς σήμερον (ἡμέρας) up to the present day (1 Esdr 8:74) Mt 28:15. ἕως τ. ἡμέρας Mt 27:64; Ac 1:22; Ro 11:8 (Dt 29:3; Just., D. 134, 5 ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμ.; for this Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμ.). διʼ ἡμερῶν after (several) days Mk 2:1 (cp. Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; Pla., Hipp. Maj. 281a διὰ χρόνου=after a [long] time). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days (PPetr II, 4 [6], 8 διʼ ἡμερῶν ε´=in the course of 5 days) Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58. διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 (s. διά A 2a). διὰ τ. ἡμέρας in the course of the day Lk 9:37 D εἰς τ. ἡμέραν for the day (PPetr III, 95 col. 2, 6 [III B.C.]) J 12:7; Rv 9:15; εἰς ἡμέρας μ´ 40 days long AcPl Ha 6, 11. ἐν τῇ ἡμ. in the daytime J 11:9b. ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶν one day Lk 5:17; 8:22; 20:1. ἐν on w. dat. sing. Mt 24:50; Lk 1:59; 13:31 v.l. (Just., D. 29, 3 ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμ.; 111, 3 ἐν ἡμ. τοῦ πάσχα); J 5:9; Hb 4:4 (cp. Gen 2:2); AcPl Ha 3, 9. In, within w. dat. pl. (Alexis Com. 246, 2 K. ἐν πένθʼ ἡμέραις; Philo, Somn. 2, 112; TestJob 30:4; JosAs 21:7 ἐν ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἡμέραις τοῦ γάμου) ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (PTebt 14, 5 [114 B.C.]; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 17 p. 111, 26 W.; TestJob 24:9; EpArist 24) Mt 27:40; Mk 15:29; J 2:19f.—ἐπί w. acc. over a period of ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (PTurin I, 2, 15 [116 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱκανὰς ἡμ.; Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31; cp. 27:20; ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμ. (Jos., Ant. 18, 57) 16:18; cp. Hb 11:30. καθʼ ἡμέραν every day (Hyperid. 6, 23; 26; Polyb. 1, 57, 7; 4, 18, 2 al.; Diod S 1, 36, 7 and 8; 2, 47, 2 al.; SIG 656, 22; UPZ 42, 13 [162 B.C.]; PGiss 17, 1; Tob 10:7; Sus 8 and 12 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:15; EpArist 304; Jos., Bell. 2, 265, Ant. 20, 205; Ar. [POxy 1778, 27]; Just., D. 39, 2 al.) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49 (‘by day’: AArgyle, ET 63, ’51/52, 354); Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; 2 Cor 11:28; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also (w. optional art., s. B-D-F §160; Rob. 766) τὸ καθʼ ἡμ. (Aristoph., Equ. 1126; Pla.; Polyb. 4, 18, 2; POxy 1220, 4; TestJob 14:2; but simply καθʼ ἡμ. Ac 2:45 D) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l.; καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμ. every day (X., Mem. 4, 2, 12, Equ. 5, 9; PTebt 412, 2; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18; Ex 5:8; Esth 2:11; Job 1:4; Bel 4:6; PsSol 18:11; GrBar 8:4) Hb 3:13. κατὰ πᾶσαν ἡμ. w. same mng. (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:17. μεθʼ ἡμέρας ἕξ six days later (PSI 502, 16 [257 B.C.] μεθʼ ἡμέρας ιβ´; 436, 3 [Just., D. 27, 5 μετὰ μίαν ἡμ. al.]) Mt 17:1; cp. 26:2; 27:63; Mk 8:31; Lk 1:24; J 4:43; 20:26; Ac 1:5; 15:36; 24:1; 28:13; AcPl Ha 1, 33; 11, 8; AcPlCor 2:30. πρὸ ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα six days before the Passover J 12:1 (not a Latinism, since it is found as early as Hippocr. πρὸ τριῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς τελευτῆς [WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15; Rydbeck 64f]; cp. Plut., Symp. 8, 717d; Lucian, De Morte Peregr. 1; Aelian, HA 11, 19; mystery ins of Andania [SIG 736, 70 πρὸ ἁμερᾶν δέκα τῶν μυστηρίων]; PFay 118, 15; PHolm 4, 23; PGM 13, 26; 671; Am 1:1; 2 Macc 15:36; Jos., Ant. 15, 408; Just., D. 27, 5; s. WSchmid, D. Attizismus III 1893, 287f; IV 1897, 629; Mlt. 100f; B-D-F §213).—It is striking to find the nom. denoting time in the expression ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; cp. Lk 9:28 (s. B-D-F §144; Rob. 460).

ⓓ Of festive days: ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων (σάββατον 1bβ) or τοῦ σαββάτου (σάββ. 1a) Lk 4:16; 13:14b, 16; J 19:31; Ac 13:14 (Just., D. 27, 5). ἡ ἡμέρα or αἱ ἡμέραι τ. ἀζύμων Lk 22:7; Ac 12:3; 20:6. ἡ ἡμέρα τ. πεντηκοστῆς Ac 2:1; 20:16. μεγάλη ἡμέρα the great day (of atonement) PtK 2 p. 14, 29. In gen. of a Judean festival GJs 1:2; 2:2 (the author no longer has a clear understanding of the precise festival signified by the term; s. Amann and deStrycker on 1:2). ἡ κυριακὴ ἡμέρα the Lord’s Day, Sunday Rv 1:10 (cp. Just. A I, 67, 7 τὴν … τοῦ ἡλίου ἡμέραν). Festive days are spoken of in the foll. passages: ὸ̔ς μὲν κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν, ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν one person considers one day better than another, another considers every day good Ro 14:5. φρονεῖν τ. ἡμέραν concern oneself w. (= observe) the day vs. 6. ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθαι observe days Gal 4:10.—Used w. gen. to denote what happens or is to be done on the day in question ἡμ. τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ Ac 21:26. τ. ἐνταφιασμοῦ day of burial J 12:7. ἕως ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ Lk 1:80 (s. ἀνάδειξις).

ⓔ OT terminology is reflected in the expr. fulfilling of the days (Ex 7:25; 1 Ch 17:11; Tob 10:1b; cp. מָלֵא) ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμ. τῆς λειτουργίας αὐτοῦ the days of his service came to an end Lk 1:23. ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμ. ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν the eighth day, on which he was to be circumcised, had come 2:21; cp. vs. 22. S. ἐκπλήρωσις, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, τελέω, τελειόω. The Hebr. has also furnished the expr. ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ day after day (Esth 3:4 יוֹם וָיוֹם=LXX καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν; יוֹם יוֹם Ps 68:20=LXX 67:20 ἡμέραν καθʼ ἡμέραν) 2 Cor 4:16; GJs 6:1.—ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας (rather oft. in the OT for various Hebr. expressions, but also in Henioch. Com. 5, 13 K.) day after day 2 Pt 2:8; prophetic quot. of unknown origin 2 Cl 11:2. ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας GJs 12:3.

③ a day appointed for very special purposes, day (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.] ἡ ἡμ.=the wedding day; ins in ÖJh 64, ’95, p. 74 of a commemorative day for the founder of Ephesus τῇ τοῦ Ἀνδρόκλου ἡμέρᾳ), e.g. of childbirth J 16:21 v.l.

ⓐ τακτῇ ἡμέρᾳ Ac 12:21. ἡμέραν τάξασθαι (Polyb. 18, 19, 1) 28:23. στῆσαι (Dionys. Hal. 6, 48) 17:31. ὁρίζειν (Polyb., Dionys. Hal.; Epict., Ench. 51, 1) Hb 4:7; Hv 2, 2, 5. Of the day of the census (s. Lk 2:1) αὕτη ἡ ἡμέρα κυρίου GJs 17:1. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ᾗ ἔμελλεν θηριομαχῖν ὁ Παῦλος AcPl Ha 3, 9.

ⓑ esp. of a day of judgment, fixed by a judge

α. ἀνθρωπίνη ἡμ. a day appointed by a human court 1 Cor 4:3 (cp. the ins on a coin amulet [II/III A.D.] where these words are transl. ‘human judgment’ by CBonner, HTR 43, ’50, 165–68). This expr. is formed on the basis of ἡμ. as designating

β. the day of God’s final judgment (s. ὥρα 3). ᾗ ἡμ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται the day on which the Human One (Son of Man) reveals himself Lk 17:30; ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμ. 2 Pt 3:12. ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τοῦ θεοῦ τ. παντοκράτορος Rv 16:14. ἡμ. κυρίου (Jo 1:15; 2:1, 11; Is 13:6, 9 al.) occurring only once in the NT of the day of God, the Lord, in an OT quot. πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡμ. κυρίου τ. μεγάλην κ. ἐπιφανῆ Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4; cp. JosAs 14:2). Otherw. Jesus Christ is the Lord of this day: 1 Cor 5:5; 1 Th 5:2 (P-ÉLangevin, Jesus Seigneur, ’67, 107–67; GHolland, SBLSP 24, ’85, 327–41); 2 Th 2:2; 2 Pt 3:10. He is oft. mentioned by name or otherw. clearly designated, e.g. as υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρώπου, Lk 17:24; 1 Cor 1:8; 2 Cor 1:14; Phil 1:6, 10; 2:16. ἡ ἐσχάτη ἡμ. the last day (of this age) (s. ἔσχατος 2b) J 6:39f, 44, 54; 11:24; 12:48; Hv 2, 2, 5. ἡμ. (τῆς) κρίσεως (Pr 6:34; Jdth 16:17; PsSol 15:12; En; GrBar 1:7; cp. TestLevi 3:2, 3; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4) Mt 10:15; 11:22, 24; 12:36; 2 Pt 2:9; 3:7; 1J 4:17; 2 Cl 17:6; B 19:10. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὄτε κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. the day on which … Ro 2:16 (RBultmann, TLZ 72, ’47, 200f considers this a gloss). ἡμ. ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ θεοῦ 2:5 (ἡμ. ὀργῆς as Zeph 1:15, 18; 2:3; Ezk 7:19 v.l.; cp. Rv 6:17). ἡ ἡμ. ἡ μεγάλη (Jer 37:7; Mal 3:22) Rv 6:17; 16:14. ἡμ. μεγάλη καὶ θαυμαστή B 6:4. ἡμ. ἀπολυτρώσεως Eph 4:30. ἡμ. ἐπισκοπῆς (s. ἐπισκοπή 1a and b) 1 Pt 2:12. ἡμ. ἀνταποδόσεως B 14:9 (Is 61:2); ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμ. (Zeph 1:15; Am 9:11; Zech 12:3f; Is 10:20; Jer 37:7f) Mt 7:22; Lk 6:23; 10:12; 21:34; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 1:12, 18; 4:8; AcPlCor 2:32. Perh. ἡμ. σφαγῆς (cp. Jer 12:3; En 16:1) Js 5:5 belongs here (s. σφαγή). Abs. ἡμ. 1 Cor 3:13; Hb 10:25; B 7:9; 21:3; cp. 1 Th 5:4.—ἡμέρα αἰῶνος (Sir 18:10) day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18 is also eschatological in mng.; it means the day on which eternity commences, or the day which itself constitutes eternity. In the latter case the pass. would belong to the next section.

④ an extended period, time (like יוֹם, but not unknown among the Greeks: Soph., Aj. 131; 623; Eur., Ion 720; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 13, 1389b, 33f; PAmh 30, 43 [II B.C.] ἡμέρας αἰτοῦσα=‘she asked for time’, or ‘a respite’)

ⓐ in sg. ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ τ. πονηρᾷ when the times are evil (unless the ref. is to the final judgment) Eph 6:13. ἐν ἡμ. σωτηρίας of the salutary time that has come for Christians 2 Cor 6:2 (Is 49:8). Of the time of the rescue fr. Egypt ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τ. χειρὸς αὐτῶν at the time when I took them by the hand Hb 8:9 (Jer 38:32; on the constr. cp. Bar 2:28 and B-D-F §423, 5; Rob. 514). ἐν ἐκείνῃ τ. ἡμέρᾳ at that time Mk 2:20b; J 14:20; 16:23, 26. τ. ἡμέραν τ. ἐμήν my time (era) 8:56. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρᾳ in his (Abraham’s) last days GJs 1:3.

ⓑ chiefly in the pl. αἱ ἡμέραι of time of life or activity, w. gen. of pers. (1 Km 17:12 A; 2 Km 21:1; 3 Km 10:21; Esth 1:1s; Sir 46:7; 47:1; ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ En 12:2; ἡμέραι ἃς ἦτε 102:5 and oft.) ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου Mt 2:1; Lk 1:5; Νῶε 17:26a; 1 Pt 3:20; Ἠλίου Lk 4:25. ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου 17:26b; cp. Mt 23:30. ἀπὸ τ. ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου Mt 11:12. ἕως τ. ἡμερῶν Δαυίδ Ac 7:45; cp. 13:41 (Hab 1:5). W. gen. of thing ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως time of vengeance Lk 21:22; τ. ἀπογραφῆς Ac 5:37; cp. Rv 10:7; 11:6. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ in the time of his appearance in the flesh Hb 5:7.—ἡμέραι πονηραί corrupt times Eph 5:16; cp. B 2:1; 8:6. ἡμ. ἀγαθαί happy times (Artem. 4, 8) 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13). ἀφʼ ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:7; αἱ πρότερον ἡμ. Hb 10:32. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας all the time, always Mt 28:20 (cp. Dt 4:40; 5:29; PsSol 14:4). νῦν τ. ἡμέραις at the present time Hs 9, 20, 4. ἐν (ταῖς) ἐσχάταις ἡμ. Ac 2:17; 2 Ti 3:1; Js 5:3; B 4:9; D 16:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τ. ἡμερῶν τούτων Hb 1:2; cp. 2 Pt 3:3; GJs 7:2. ἐν τ. ἡμέραις ἐκείναις at that time Mt 3:1; 24:19, 38; Mk 1:9; Lk 2:1; 4:2b; 5:35b. ἐν τ. ἡμ. ταύταις at this time Lk 1:39; 6:12; Ac 1:15. εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας w. respect to our time (opp. πάλαι) Hs 9, 26, 6. πρὸ τούτων τ. ἡμερῶν before this (time) Ac 5:36; 21:38; πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμ. for a short time Hb 12:10; ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. there will come a time: w. ὅταν foll. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20a; Lk 5:35a; w. ὅτε foll. Lk 17:22 (Just., D. 40, 2). ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπί σε καί a time is coming upon you when Lk 19:43. ἡμ. ἔρχονται καί Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31). ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. ἐν αἷς Lk 21:6; 23:29.—Esp. of time of life πάσαις τ. ἡμέραις ἡμῶν for our entire lives Lk 1:75. πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ all his life GJs 4:1 (cp. En 103:5; TestJob 46:9). μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ἔχων without either beginning or end of life Hb 7:3. προβεβηκὼς ἐν ταῖς ἡμ. advanced in years Lk 1:7, 18; cp. 2:36 (s. Gen 18:11; 24:1; Josh 13:1; 23:1; 3 Km 1:1; προβαίνω 2).—B. 991. DELG s.v. ἦμαρ. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

ὑπείκω (Hom. et al.) prim. ‘withdraw, give way to’, then by fig. extension to yield to someone’s authority, yield, give way, submit (Hom. et al.; 4 Macc 6:35; TestSol 12:1 C; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 30 [Stone p. 20]; Ath., R. 15 p. 66, 34 σῶμα … ταῖς τῆ• ψυχῆς ἡνίαις ὑπεῖκον) w. dat. of pers. to whom one submits (Hom.; Pla., Leg. 4, 717d; Sextus 17; cp. Philo, Mos. 1, 156) Hb 13:17.—DELG s.v. εἴκω. M-M.