693

* * *

• I am human, therefore nothing human is strange to me

horn.

see Lutetiae Parisiorum

NLD lamagazellen [geslacht]

altĕr-ŭter, altĕrūtra (more freq. than altera utra), altĕrūtrum (more freq. than alterum utrum), adj. (in the obliq. cas. arch. alterutrius, alterutri, etc.; cf. Prisc. p. 667; 693 P.; gen. and dat. f. alterutrae, Charis. p. 132 ib.).

One of two, the one or the other, either, no matter which (rare but class.): AD. ALTERVTRVM. SIBI. REDD( iderunt), Carm. Fr. Arv. 28:

video esse necesse alterutrum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18:

si in alterutro peccandum sit, malo viderinimis timidusquam parum prudens,

id. Marcell. 7; so id. Fam. 6, 3; 9, 6; id. Att. 10, 1; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8 fin.: Alterutrum velox victoria fronde coronet, * Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; Nep. Dion, 4, 1.—With both parts declined (prob. only in the two foll. exs.): alteriusutrius causā, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 693 P.: longitudo alteriusutrius, Cic. Prot. Fragm. ib.—

= uterque, both: necessarium fuit alterutrum foris et sub dio esse, Col. praef. 12.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

laevus, a, um, adj. [cf. Gr. laios], left, on the left side (mostly poet.; syn.: sinister, scaevus).

Lit.: ut idem nunc sit laevus;

et e laevo sit mutua dexter,

Lucr. 4, 301 (325):

manus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145:

ab laeva manu,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 1: habeo equidem hercle oculum. Py. At laevom dico, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 24:

latus,

Ov. M. 12, 415: auris id. ib. 12, 336:

pes,

id. ib. 12, 101:

umerus,

id. H. 9, 62:

Pontus,

lying to the left, id. P. 4, 9, 119:

iter,

Verg. A. 5, 170:

habena,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 12:

amnis,

the left bank, Tac. A. 2, 8:

laevā in parte mamillae,

Juv. 7, 159. —

Subst.

laeva, ae, f.

(Sc. manus.) The left hand:

opsecro te hanc per dexteram, perque hanc sororem laevam,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 9:

Ilionea petit dextrā, laevāque Serestum,

Verg. A. 1, 611; id. ib. 2, 552;

7, 188: cognovi clipeum laevae gestamina nostrae,

Ov. M. 15, 163; id. ib. 4, 782;

8, 321: hinc factum est ut usus anulorum exemtus dexterae, in laevam relegaretur,

Macr. S. 7, 13, 11; so,

dextera laevaque,

Juv. 6, 561; 658.—

(Sc. pars.) The left side:

laevam cuncta cohors remis ventisque petivit,

Verg. A. 3, 563:

laevam pete,

go to the left, Ov. M. 3, 642.—Esp. freq. adv.: laevā, on the left side, on the left:

dextrā montibus, laevā Tiberi amne saeptus,

on the left, Liv. 4, 32:

dextrā laevāque duo maria claudunt,

id. 21, 43: so, a laevā: Diana facem jacit a laeva, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. Rel. v. 55 Vahl.); Vulg. Exod. 14, 22.—So, ad laevam, in laevam, to the left, on the left: ante, et pone;

ad laevam, et ad dexteram,

Cic. Univ. 13:

si in laevam detorserit,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93.—

In neutr.: laevum, on the left ( poet.):

intonuit laevum,

Verg. A. 2, 693; 9, 631:

laevum extendere comas,

Juv. 6, 495: in laevum, adverbially, to the left:

fleximus in laevum cursus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 17:

dixit in laevum conversus,

Juv. 4, 120 (Jahn, in laevam).— Plur.: laeva, ōrum, n., places lying on the left:

laeva tenent Thetis et Melite,

Verg. A. 5, 825:

Thracen et laeva Propontidos intrat,

Ov. F. 5, 257.—

Trop.

Awkward, stupid, foolish, silly:

si mens non laeva fuisset,

Verg. E. 1, 16; id. A. 2, 54:

o ego laevus, Qui purgor bilem sub verni temporis horam,

Hor. A. P. 301.—

Of ill omen, unfavorable, inconvenient; unfortunate, unlucky, bad, pernicious:

Sirius laevo contristat lumine caelum,

Verg. A. 10, 275:

peccatum fateor, cum te sic tempore laevo Interpellarim,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 4:

teque nec laevus vetat ire picus,

id. C. 3, 27, 15:

laevo monitu pueros producit avaros,

Juv. 14, 228:

omen,

Val. Fl. 6, 70:

ignis,

i. e. a pestilence, Stat. Th. 1, 634; Claud. Idyll. 2, 92; Sil. 1, 464 Rupert; so,

numina laeva (opp. dextra or propitia),

unfavorable gods, hostile deities, Verg. G. 4, 7 Jahn and Forbig. ad loc.:

impia Cappadocum tellus et numine laevo Visa tibi,

Mart. 6, 85, 3; Sil. 14, 494; 15, 512; Arn. adv. Gent. 3, 26.—

In the language of augurs, fortunate, lucky, propitious (because the Romans, by turning their faces to the south, had the eastern signs on their left hand;

v. sinister): laeva prospera existimantur, quoniam laevā parte mundi ortus est,

Plin. 2, 54, 55, § 142; cf. Liv. 1, 18:

omina,

Phaedr. 3, 18, 12:

tonitru dedit omina laevo Juppiter,

Ov. F. 4, 833; cf. Verg. A. 2, 693; 9, 631 (I. B. 2 supra).—Hence, adv.: laevē, awkwardly, wrongly ( poet.), Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 52.

prosper, and more freq. prospĕrus, a. um, adj. [pro-spero, answering to hope; cf. spes], agreeable to one's wishes, favorable, fortunate, prosperous (freq. and class.; cf.:

faustus, propitius): sperem veteres pro spem dixerunt, unde et prospere dicimus, hoc est, pro spe,

Non. 171, 25:

auspicium prosperum,

Naev. 4, 2; cf. in sup.:

prosperrimum augurium,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 21:

prospera adversaque fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

magnis autem viris prosperae semper omnes res,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

prosperae res,

id. Brut. 3, 12:

non jam id ago, ut prosperos exitus consequar,

id. Att. 9, 7, 1: successus, Liv. praef. fin.:

prosperrimo rerum eventu,

Vell. 2, 122, 2.— Comp.:

prosperior civium amor,

Tac. A. 6, 51:

mox cecinit laudes prosperiore lyrā,

Ov. A. A. 3, 50:

prosperius fatum,

id. F. 3, 614:

nomina,

of good omen, Plin. 28, 2, 5, § 22; so,

verba,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 38.—In nom. sing.: prosper dicendi successus, Auct. ap. Prisc. p. 693 P.; Anthol. Lat. 5, 132:

deinde est hominum generi prosperus et salutaris ille fulgor, qui dicitur Jovis,

propitious, favorable, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17 (cited in Prisc. p. 693 P.):

immoriens magnis non prosperus ausis,

Sil. 10, 202:

prosperus in Africam transitus,

Val. Max. 3, 7, 1.—With evenio (cf. prospere):

omnia quae prospera tibi evenere,

Liv. 28, 42, 15:

si cetera prospera evenissent,

id. 21, 21, 9:

quod bellum... ut id prosperum eveniret,

id. 42, 28, 7; 37, 47, 4.—

With gen. ( poet.):

noctilucam. Prosperam frugum,

beneficial to fruits, Hor. C. 4, 6, 39.—

Subst., in plur.: prospĕra, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune, prosperity (postAug.):

prospera belli,

Luc. 5, 782:

rerum,

id. 7, 107:

tam mala Pompeii quam prospera mundus adoret,

id. 7, 708:

Germani prosperis feroces,

Tac. H. 5, 15; Plin. Pan. 7.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

pro-spĕrē, agreeably to one's wishes, favorably, luckily, fortunately, prosperously (class.):

omnia profluenter, prospere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 53:

procedere,

id. Fam. 12, 9, 2:

cedere alicui,

Nep. Dat. 1, 2:

succedere,

id. ib. 6, 1:

cui ut omnia prospere evenirent,

Liv. 23, 27, 12:

cadere,

Tac. A. 2, 46.— Comp.:

aves quae prosperius evolant,

with better augury, Gell. 6, 6, 8:

res eventura prosperius,

id. 1, 13, 1; Col. 4, 32, 1.— Sup.: prosperrĭme geruntur omnia. Vell. 2, 97, 1:

dimicare,

Suet. Caes. 36.—

prospĕ-rĭter, favorably, fortunately, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.

prosper, and more freq. prospĕrus, a. um, adj. [pro-spero, answering to hope; cf. spes], agreeable to one's wishes, favorable, fortunate, prosperous (freq. and class.; cf.:

faustus, propitius): sperem veteres pro spem dixerunt, unde et prospere dicimus, hoc est, pro spe,

Non. 171, 25:

auspicium prosperum,

Naev. 4, 2; cf. in sup.:

prosperrimum augurium,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 21:

prospera adversaque fortuna,

Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

magnis autem viris prosperae semper omnes res,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

prosperae res,

id. Brut. 3, 12:

non jam id ago, ut prosperos exitus consequar,

id. Att. 9, 7, 1: successus, Liv. praef. fin.:

prosperrimo rerum eventu,

Vell. 2, 122, 2.— Comp.:

prosperior civium amor,

Tac. A. 6, 51:

mox cecinit laudes prosperiore lyrā,

Ov. A. A. 3, 50:

prosperius fatum,

id. F. 3, 614:

nomina,

of good omen, Plin. 28, 2, 5, § 22; so,

verba,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 38.—In nom. sing.: prosper dicendi successus, Auct. ap. Prisc. p. 693 P.; Anthol. Lat. 5, 132:

deinde est hominum generi prosperus et salutaris ille fulgor, qui dicitur Jovis,

propitious, favorable, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17 (cited in Prisc. p. 693 P.):

immoriens magnis non prosperus ausis,

Sil. 10, 202:

prosperus in Africam transitus,

Val. Max. 3, 7, 1.—With evenio (cf. prospere):

omnia quae prospera tibi evenere,

Liv. 28, 42, 15:

si cetera prospera evenissent,

id. 21, 21, 9:

quod bellum... ut id prosperum eveniret,

id. 42, 28, 7; 37, 47, 4.—

With gen. ( poet.):

noctilucam. Prosperam frugum,

beneficial to fruits, Hor. C. 4, 6, 39.—

Subst., in plur.: prospĕra, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune, prosperity (postAug.):

prospera belli,

Luc. 5, 782:

rerum,

id. 7, 107:

tam mala Pompeii quam prospera mundus adoret,

id. 7, 708:

Germani prosperis feroces,

Tac. H. 5, 15; Plin. Pan. 7.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

pro-spĕrē, agreeably to one's wishes, favorably, luckily, fortunately, prosperously (class.):

omnia profluenter, prospere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 53:

procedere,

id. Fam. 12, 9, 2:

cedere alicui,

Nep. Dat. 1, 2:

succedere,

id. ib. 6, 1:

cui ut omnia prospere evenirent,

Liv. 23, 27, 12:

cadere,

Tac. A. 2, 46.— Comp.:

aves quae prosperius evolant,

with better augury, Gell. 6, 6, 8:

res eventura prosperius,

id. 1, 13, 1; Col. 4, 32, 1.— Sup.: prosperrĭme geruntur omnia. Vell. 2, 97, 1:

dimicare,

Suet. Caes. 36.—

prospĕ-rĭter, favorably, fortunately, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.

ăcĭēs, ēi, f. [v. 2. acer] ( gen. acii and [p. 23] acie, like dii and die, facii and facie, fr. dies, facies, Cn. Mat. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Caes. B. G. 2, 23; Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 208, or Sall. Fragm. ed. Kritz. p. 118; cf. Prisc. p. 780 P.), a sharp edge or point.

Lit., of a sword, dagger, sickle, etc.:

gladiorum,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 11: Vulg. Heb. 11, 34:

securium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 113:

falcis,

Verg. G. 2, 365:

hastae,

Ov. M. 3, 107:

ferri,

Plin. 7, 15, 13.—

Transf.

Of the sense or faculty of sight,

Keenness of look or glance, sharpness of vision or sight: oculorum, Lucil. ap. Non. 34, 32; cf. Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 4; Lucr. 1, 324;

also acies alone,

id. 2, 420; and in plur., id. 4, 693:

ne vultum quidem atque aciem oculorum ferre potuisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

pupula ad te dirigit aciem,

Cat. 63, 56:

tanta tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22:

bonum incolumis acies, misera caecitas,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 84; so ib. 4, 24; Verg. A. 12, 558 al.—Hence,

Concr., the pupil of the eye, Lucr. 3, 411; cf.

with 414: acies ipsa, quā cernimus, quae pupula vocatur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57:

in Albania gigni quosdam glaucā oculorum acie,

Plin. 7, 2, 2 (cf. ib.: glaucis oculis); and poet. (as pars pro toto) for the eye, Lucr. 3, 363; 4, 249; 281; 358;

720: huc geminas nunc flecte acies,

Verg. A. 6, 789; 12, 658 (hence the word is also used in the plur., cf. below, 2.).—

A looking at an object with fixed attention, look, aim:

ad eam rem habeo omnem aciem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 38.—On the contr., prima acie, at the first glance, Lucr. 2, 448 (cf. primo aspectu, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98).—

In milit. lang., the front of an army (conceived of as the edge of a sword), line of battle, battle-array.

In abstr. (cf. Vitr. praef. 1. 7, p. 154 Rod.):

quibus ego si aciem exercitus nostri ostendero,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

aciem instruere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

dirigere,

id. ib. 6, 8:

extra aciem procurrere,

id. B. C. 1, 55:

statuit non proeliis, neque in acie, sed alio more bellum gerendum,

Sall. J. 54; cf. Liv. 5, 41, 4;

also of the arrangement of ships for a naval engagement,

Nep. Hann. 11; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 58.—Hence, metaph.

The battlearray; in concr., an army drawn up in order of battle: acies est instructa a nobis decem cohortium, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30:

hostium acies cernebatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62: altera pars acii vitassent fluminis undas, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14 (as transl. of Il. 21 init.):

dubitavit acie pars, Sall. Fragm. l. l.: stabit ante aciem,

Vulg. Deut. 20, 2; 1 Par. 12, 33:

prima acies hastati erant,

the van, the first line, Liv. 8, 8:

tertiam aciem laborantibus subsidio mittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52: ab novissima acie, from the rear:

ante signa procedere,

Liv. 8, 10:

dextra acies (= dextrum cornu),

the right wing, Liv. 27, 48, 8:

agmina magis quam acies pugnabant,

in marching order, rather than in order of battle, id. 25, 34 (acies is here, and in similar cases, considered as the sing. used collectively; v. Oud. and Herz. Caes. B. G. 7, 62; yet the plur. is more than probable). Rarely of cavalry, Liv. 8, 39; Vell. 2, 112.— Poet.: acies Vulcania, of a long line of fire, Verg. A. 10, 408.—

The action of the troops drawn up in battlearray, a battle, engagement, = pugna: in acie celebri objectans vitam, Pac. ap. Non. 234, 25; Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 4: mea facta in acie obliti, Att. ap. Non. 502, 1:

in acie Pharsalica,

Cic. Lig. 3; so id. Fam. 6, 3:

in acie vincere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

dimicare,

ib. 7, 64:

copias in aciem ducere,

Liv. 31, 34:

producere in aciem,

Nep. Milt. 5:

excedere acie,

Caes. B. C. 2, 41; Liv. 31, 17:

direxerunt aciem contra eos,

Vulg. Gen. 14, 8; 2 Par. 18, 33.—

Acies ferri, steel, Plin. 34, 14, 41.—

Poet., sheen, brightness:

obtunsa stellarum,

Verg. G. 1, 395.

Fig.

(Acc. to I. B.) (like acumen.) Acuteness of the mind, sharpness, force, power (so very often in Cicero, but always with the gen. mentis, animi, ingenii):

(cum animus) exacuerit illam, ut oculorum, sic ingenii aciem ad bona eligenda, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60; so,

ingenii,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 122:

mentis,

id. N. D. 2, 17, 45; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

animi,

id. Sen. 23, 83; id. Phil. 12, 2; Vell. 2, 118, 4; cf.:

rerum diversitas aciem intentionis abrumpit,

Flor. 1 prol., § 3.—

A verbal contest, disputation, discussion, debate:

orationis aciem contra conferam,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20: ad philosophos me revocas, qui in aciem non saepe prodeunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:

nos jam in aciem dimicationemque veniamus,

id. Or. 13 fin.; cf. id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 17; Quint. 2, 10, 8; 6, 4, 17; 10, 1, 29.

ăd-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cleave or stick to a thing.

Lit., of iron adhering to a magnet:

unus ubi ex uno dependet, subter adhaerens,

Lucr. 6, 914; cf. id. 3, 557: tota adhaerens (lingua) crocodilis, cleaving to his palate, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 171.—With in and abl.:

tela in tuis visceribus,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 13; so Ov. M. 4, 693.—With acc.:

cratera et corvus adhaeret,

Cic. Arat. 541 (so Tert.: humerum, de Pall. 5).—With abl.:

fronte cuspis,

Ov. M. 5, 38.—With dat., poet.:

tonsis (ovibus) illotus sudor,

Verg. G. 3, 443:

veteri craterae limus adhaesit,

Hor. Sat. 2, 4, 80;

and in later prose: navis ancoris,

is fastened to them, Tac. A. 2, 23:

stativis castris,

id. ib. 3, 21; and:

jumento,

to stick to, Gell. 20, 1.—

Fig.

In gen., to cling to, adhere to:

adhaesit homini ad intimum ventrem fames,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 83;

and of fawning adherence to one,

id. As. 1, 3, 59:

cui canis ex vero dictum cognomen adhaeret,

adheres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56:

nulli fortunae adhaerebat animus, i. e. inconstans fuit,

Liv. 41, 20:

obsidioni fortiter adhaerentes,

Amm. 19, 3.—

Adhaerere alicui, to be close to a person or thing, to be near, to hang on, keep close to, etc. (mostly post-Cic., esp. in the histt.):

vineis modica silva adhaerebat,

was close to it, adjoined it, Tac. H. 2, 25; so Amm. 18, 2.—Of persons: procul abesse Romanos: lateri adhaerere gravem dominum, i. e. he (the King of Macedon) hangs on them, threatens them by his nearness, Liv. 39, 25:

nec umquam non adhaerentes,

and never departing from his side, Suet. Galb. 14:

comitem perpetuo alicui adhaerere,

Plin. 10, 22, 26, § 51:

tempus adhaerens,

the time in hand, just the present time, Quint. 5, 10, 46:

obvio quoque adhaerente,

while each one adhered to him, Suet. Oth. 6;

and so trop.: adhaeret altissimis invidia,

Vell. 1, 9.—

To hang on a thing, i. e. to trail or drag after, to be the last, sarcastically in Cic.: tenesne memoriā te extremum adhaesisse? hung on the end, i. e. extremo loco quaestorem esse factum, Vat. 5 (cf. haerere, Liv. 5, 2 fin., and Gron. ad h. l.);

and without sarcasm,

Curt. 10, 5, 19.

āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;

pure Lat. form, āĕrem,

Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):

istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,

Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:

itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,

id. N. D. 1, 10:

aërem in perniciem vertere,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —

Transf.

Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—

Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:

Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,

Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—

With limiting adj. = the weather:

crassus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42

† aera (dissyl.), ae, f., = aira, a weed among grain; darnel, tare, or cockle, Lolium temulentum, Linn.; Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156.

āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;

pure Lat. form, āĕrem,

Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):

istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,

Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:

itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,

id. N. D. 1, 10:

aërem in perniciem vertere,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —

Transf.

Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—

Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:

Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,

Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—

With limiting adj. = the weather:

crassus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42

† aera (dissyl.), ae, f., = aira, a weed among grain; darnel, tare, or cockle, Lolium temulentum, Linn.; Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156.

ănĭma, ae, f. ( gen. animāï, Lucr. 1, 112; 3, 150 et saep.; cf. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 12; Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 29; dat. and abl. plur. regul. animis, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; Lact. Inst. 6, 20, 19; 7, 2, 1; Arn. 2, 18; 2, 30; 2, 33; Aug. Civ. Dei, 13, 18; 13, 19; id. Ver. Relig. 22, 43:

animabus, only in eccl. and later Lat.,

Vulg. Exod. 30, 12; ib. Psa. 77, 18; ib. Matt. 11, 29; ib. Heb. 13, 17 et saep.; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34; id. Anim. 33 al.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 23; Prud. c. Symm. 1, 531; Aus. Rer. Odyss. 11; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 136 al.; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 29) [v. animus], pr. that which blows or breathes; hence,

Lit., air, a current of air, a breeze, wind (mostly poet.):

ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23 sq.: vela ventorum animae immittere, Att. ap. Non. p. 234, 9 (Trag. Rel. p. 137 Rib.):

aurarum leves animae,

Lucr. 5, 236:

prece quaesit Ventorum pavidus paces animasque secundas,

he anxiously implores a lull in the winds and a favoring breeze, id. 5, 1229:

impellunt animae lintea,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

Ne dubites quin haec animaï turbida sit vis,

Lucr. 6, 693: Quantum ignes animaeque [p. 121] valent (of the wind in the workshop of Vulcan), Verg. A. 8, 403.—Also of a flame of fire (blowing like the air): noctilucam tollo, ad focum fero, inflo; anima reviviscit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 234, 5.—

Transf.

In gen., the air, as an element, like fire, water, and earth (mostly poet.): aqua, terra, anima et sol, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 1:

qui quattuor ex rebus posse omnia rentur, Ex igni, terrā atque animā, procrescere et imbri,

Lucr. 1, 715:

ut, quem ad modum ignis animae, sic anima aquae, quodque anima aquae, id aqua terrae proportione redderet. Earum quattuor rerum etc.,

Cic. Tim. 5:

utrum (animus) sit ignis, an anima, an sanguis,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 124:

si anima est (animus), fortasse dissipabitur,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 24; 1, 25, 6:

si deus aut anima aut ignis est, idem est animus hominis,

id. ib. 1, 26, 65:

animus ex inflammatā animā constat, ut potissimum videri video Panaetio,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Semina terrarumque animaeque,

Verg. E. 6, 32.—

The air inhaled and exhaled, breath (concr.); while spiritus denotes orig. breathing (abstr.; very freq. in prose and poetry); cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 44:

animam compressi, aurem admovi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28 Ruhnk.:

animam recipe,

take breath, id. Ad. 3, 2, 26:

cum spiritus ejus (sc. Demosthenis) esset angustior, tantum continendā animā in dicendo est assecutus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261:

ne circuitus ipse verborum sit longior quam vires atque anima patiatur,

id. ib. 3, 49, 191; 3, 46, 181; id. N. D. 2, 54, 136: fetida anima nasum oppugnat, Titin. ap. Non. p. 233, 5 (Com. Rel. p. 136 Rib.); Caecil. ib. 9:

qui non modo animum integrum, sed ne animam quidem puram conservare potuisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58: animas et olentia Medi Ora fovent illo, with this the Medes correct their breath, etc., Verg. G. 2, 134:

respiramen iterque Eripiunt animae,

Ov. M. 12, 143; cf. id. F. 1, 425:

animae gravitas,

bad smell of the breath, Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91; cf. id. 11, 37, 72, § 188; 22, 25, 64, § 132 al.:

artavit clusitque animam,

Luc. 4, 370; so Tac. A. 6, 50:

spes illorum abominatio animae,

Vulg. Job, 11, 20.—Of breath exhaled:

inspirant graves animas,

Ov. M. 4, 498.— Of the air breathed into a musical instrument, a breath of air, Varr. ap. Non. p. 233. 13.—Since air is a necessary condition of life,

1.. The vital principle, the breath of life:

animus est, quo sapimus, anima, quā vivimus,

Non. p. 426, 27 (hence anima denotes the animal principle of life, in distinction from animus, the spiritual, reasoning, willing principle; very freq. in Lucr. and class.): Mater est terra, ea parit corpus, animam aether adjugat, Pac. ap. Non. p. 75, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 88 Rib.):

tunc cum primis ratione sagaci, Unde anima atque animi constet natura, videndum,

whence spring life and the nature of the mind, Lucr. 1, 131; 3, 158 sq.; so id. 3, 417 sq.; 3, 565; 3, 705; 2, 950; 4, 922; 4, 944; 4, 959; 6, 798; 6, 1223;

6, 1233 et saep.: deus totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14 Jan:

quaedam (animantia) animum habent, quaedam tantum animam,

Sen. Ep. 58:

anima omnis carnis in sanguine est,

Vulg. Lev. 17, 14 al. —Hence,

In gen., life:

cum anima corpus liquerit,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 214 Rib.:

Animae pauxillulum in me habet,

Naev. Com. Rel. p. 14 Rib.: Date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 37 Rib.): me dicabo atque animam devōvo (i. e. devovero) hostibus, Att. ap. Non. p. 98, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.):

conficit animam vis volneris,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.:

adimere animam,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137; so id. Men. 5, 5, 7:

exstinguere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16:

relinquere,

id. ib. 3, 4, 52:

edere,

Cic. Sest. 38:

de vestrā vitā, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum animā judicandum est,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

si tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,

id. Rosc. Am. 50:

libertas et anima nostra in dubio est,

Sall. C. 52, 6:

pauci, quibus relicta est anima, clausi in tenebris, etc.,

id. J. 14, 15; cf.

retinere,

id. ib. 31, 20:

de manu viri et fratris ejus requiram animam hominis,

Vulg. Gen. 9, 5; ib. Matt. 2, 20; ib. 1 Cor. 14, 7:

animam agere,

to give up the ghost, to die, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19;

so also efflare,

to expire, id. ib.; id. Mil. 18 fin.; Suet. Aug. 99; so,

exhalare,

Ov. M. 15, 528; and, exspirare, id. ib. 5, 106 (cf. in Gr. thumon apopneein, psuchên ekpneein, bion apopsuchein, etc.):

deponere,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

ponere,

Vulg. Joan. 10, 17; 13, 27:

amittere,

Lucr. 6, 1233:

emittere,

Nep. Epam. 9, 3 Br. (so in Gr. aphienai tên psuchên):

proicere,

Verg. A. 6, 436:

purpuream vomit ille animam, said of a wounded man,

id. ib. 9, 349.—In Vulg. Matt. 16, 25 and 26, anima in v. 25 seems to pass to the higher meaning, soul, (cf. infra, II. D.) in v. 26, as hê psuchê in the original also can do.— Poet.:

anima amphorae,

the fumes of wine, Phaedr. 3, 1: Ni ego illi puteo, si occepso, animam omnem intertraxero, draw up all the life of that well, i. e. draw it dry, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 41.— Trop.:

corpus imperii unius praesidis nutu, quasi animā et mente, regeretur,

Flor. 4, 3:

accentus quasi anima vocis est,

Pompon. p. 67 Lind.—Prov.: animam debere, to owe life itself, of one deeply in debt:

quid si animam debet?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56 (Graecum proverbium: kai autên tên psuchên opheilei, Don.).—Metaph., applied to plants and other things possessing organic life, Sen. Ep. 58; so Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152; 31, 1, 1, § 3; 14, 1, 3, § 16 al.—

Meton., a creature endowed with anima, a living being: ova parere solet genu' pennis condecoratum, non animam, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 18:

hi (deos) fibris animāque litant,

Stat. Th. 2, 246; Vulg. Gen. 2, 7; ib. Josh. 11, 11; ib. Luc. 9, 56; ib. Act. 2, 43 et saep.:

animae rationis expertes,

Lact. 3, 8.—So esp. of men (as we also say souls for persons; poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis Hanc patriam peperere suo, etc.,

Verg. A. 11, 24:

animae quales nec candidiores, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 41; Luc. 5, 322:

vos Treveri et ceterae servientium animae,

ministering spirits, Tac. H. 4, 32.—So in enumerations in eccl. Lat.:

hos genuit Jacob sedecim animas,

Vulg. Gen. 46, 18; 46, 22; ib. Act. 2, 41; 7, 14.—Of slaves (eccl. Lat.):

merces animarum hominum,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 13 (after the use of hê psuchê and). —Hence, also, souls separated from the body, the shades of the Lower World, manes: Unde (ex Averno) animae excitantur, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 17; cf. id. S. 1, 8, 29:

animamque sepulcro Condimus,

Verg. A. 3, 67; Ov. M. 7, 612; so id. ib. 8, 488; 10, 41; 14, 411; 15, 158; Suet. Caes. 88; so,

vita: tenuīs sine corpore vitas volitare,

Verg. A. 6, 292.—So in eccl. Lat. of departed spirits:

timete eum, qui potest animam et corpus perdere in Gehennam,

Vulg. Matt. 10, 28 bis:

non derelinques animam meam in Inferno,

ib. Act. 2, 27; ib. Apoc. 6, 9; 20, 4.—

As expressive of love:

vos, meae carissimae animae,

my dearest souls, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; 14, 18:

Pro quā non metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata superstiti,

the dear surviving life, Hor. C. 3, 9, 12; cf.:

animae dimidium meae,

id. ib. 1, 3, 8:

meae pars animae,

id. ib. 2, 17, 5.—

Sometimes for animus, as the rational soul of man.

The mind as the seat of thought (cf. animus, II. A.):

anima rationis consiliique particeps,

Cic. N.D.1, 31, 87:

causa in animā sensuque meo penitus affixa atque insita,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 53:

ingenii facinora, sicut anima, immortalia sunt,

Sall. J. 2, 2.—So often in eccl. Lat.:

ad te Domine, levavi animam meam,

Vulg. Psa. 24, 1; 102, 1; 118, 129:

magnificat anima mea Dominum,

ib. Luc. 1, 46; ib. Act. 15, 24 al.—

As the seat of feeling (cf. animus, II. B.): sapimus animo, fruimur animā: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 29 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.):

desiderat anima mea ad te, Deus,

Vulg. Psa. 41, 2:

tristis est anima mea,

ib. Matt. 26, 38; ib. Joan. 10, 27 et saep.—

For consciousness (cf. animus, II. A. 3. and conscientia, II. A.):

cum perhibetur animam liquisse,

Lucr. 3, 598; in this phrase animus is more common.