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101 ἴσχω
ἴσχω, redupl. form of ἔχω (only found in [tense] pres., and [tense] impf. [voice] Act. and [voice] Pass., [dialect] Ep. inf. ἰσχέμεναι, ἰσχέμεν, Od.20.330, Il.17.501), but in Hom. and Hes. almost always with a limited sense,A keep back, restrain (v. infr. 11),δέος ἴσχει τινά Il.5.812
, 817, etc.;ἴ. τινὰ ἀνάγκῃ Od.4.558
;θυμὸν ἴ. ἐν στήθεσσι Il.9.256
;Ζεὺς ἴσχεν ἑὸν μένος Hes.Th. 687
; οὐδ' ἔτι σηκοὶ ἴσχουσι (the calves) Od.10.413; [πρὼν] ἴσχει ῥέεθρα Il.17.750
; ἵππους ἴ. 15.456, etc.; ;μηδὲν ἡμᾶς ἰσχέτω Ar.V. 1264
; οὐδέποτέ γ' ἴσχει θύρα, prov. of those who keep open house, Eup.265;ἴσχε στόμα E.HF 1244
;ἴσχε δακὼν στόμα σόν S.Tr. 976
(anap.);τὸ ἴσχον τὴν πορείαν X.An.6.5.13
; χείμαρρον.. ἕρκεα ἴσχει ἀλωάων keep it back, Il.5.90: c. gen., ξίφος ἴ. τινός to keep it from him, E.Hel. 1656; ἴ. τῆς ῥοῆς, τοῦ ἰέναι, Pl.Cra. 416b, 420e: folld. by inf.,ἴ. τινὰ μὴ πράσσειν E.IA 661
:—[voice] Pass., to be checked, Gal.UP15.3: also impers., ἐν τούτῳ ἴσχετο here the matter stopped, X.An.6.3.9.2 abs., ἴσχε hold, stay, stop! A.Ch. 1052, S.Ichn.95; of ships, put in, v.l. in Th.2.91; Pol<*>ταῖς πόλεσι Id.7.35
, cf. A.R.2.390; of rivers, stop, Arr.An.5. 9.4:—in this sense Hom. uses [voice] Med. or [voice] Pass.,ἴσχεσθ' Ἀργεῖοι, μὴ φεύγετε Od.24.54
, cf. Il.3.82; check thyself, be calm,1.214
, 2.247, Od.22.356, etc.; keep quiet, 11.251: c. gen., ἴσχεσθαί τινος desist from a thing, 18.347, 24.323.II hold fast, hold, once in Hom.,[κανόνα] ἀγχόθι στήθεος Il.23.762
, cf. S.Aj. 575, Ph. 1111 (lyr.): metaph., keep, maintain, ; ἐλπίσιν ἴ. τι ib. 138; (lyr.);ἐπιστήμην λαβόντα ἴσχειν Pl.Tht. 198a
; of outward matters, ὀδύνη ἴ. τὴν γαστέρα affects it, Hp.Nat.Mul.14;τὸν αἶσ' ἄπλατος ἴσχει S.Aj. 256
(lyr.); keep up,Epicur.
Ep.1p.8U.:—[voice] Pass.,φθόῃ ἴσχεσθαι Isoc.19.11
(s.v.l., σχόμενον Blass); also τὸ ἰσχόμενον κατὰ διαφοράν that which is permanent in distinction, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.128.III after Hom., hold or have in possession, v.l. in Hdt.3.39, Th.3.58; have a wife, Hdt.5.92.β'; of women, ἴ. ἐν γαστρί or simplyἴ.
to be pregnant,Hp.
Epid.2.2.18, etc.; μετὰ τοῦτον ἴ. Κλεόμβροτον conceives Cl., Hdt.5.41: generally, like ἔχω, ἴσχε κἀμοῦ μνῆστιν S.Aj. 520; λῆστιν ἴ. to be forgetful, Id.OC 584;ἄλγος ἴ. Id.OT 1031
; γνώμαν ἴ., = γνῶναι, Id.El. 214 (lyr.);ἴ. δοῦλον βίον Id.Tr. 302
; ; ;χρώματα Hp.Prog.12
;κακώσιας Id.Art.61
; receive,[πεμπάδα] SIG57.35
(Milet., v B.C.); ἰσχέτω δίκην καὶ ὑπεχέτω ib. 286.15 (iv B.C.), cf. IG5(2).357.23 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.): c. dupl. acc.,ἴ. τινὰ ξύνευνον S.Aj. 1301
; (lyr.).2 have in it, involve,ὄλβος ἴ. φθόνον Pi.P.11.29
; μετάστασιν ἴ. to be susceptible, capable of cure, Hp.Aph.5.7;ἀνάληψιν μετ' εὐπετείας Pl.Ti. 83e
; to be worth, dub. l. in Plb.5.26.13; v. ἰσχύω 3. -
102 ὀρέγω
ὀρέγω, Od.17.366, E.Ph. 1710 (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion. and later Prose, Hdt. 2.2, Arist.HA 497b27, etc.: [tense] impf.Aὤρεγον Pi.P.4.240
, App.BC4.126 : [tense] fut.ὀρέξω Il.13.327
, E.Med. 902 : [tense] aor.ὤρεξα Il.23.406
, Trag. (S.OC 846, etc.), and sts. in Prose, Pl.Phd. 117b, X.An.7.3.29:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Il.24.506, Th.2.65, etc.: [tense] fut. , Pl.R. 486a ([etym.] ἐπ-): [tense] aor.ὠρεξάμην Il.23.99
, E.HF16, etc.: rare in Prose, X.Mem.1.2.15 ; also ὠρέχθην ib.16, Ages.1.4, Smp.8.35, Hp.Ep.17, Epicur.Sent.7, Fr. 187, as well as in E. (Hel. 1238 ) (not in Hom.): [tense] pf.ὤρεγμαι Hp.Oss.18
; redupl. [ per.] 3pl. ὀρωρέχαται, [tense] plpf. -έχατο, Il.16.834, 11.26.—Cf. ὀρέγνυμι, ὀριγνάομαι :—reach, stretch, stretch out,χεῖρ' ὀρέγων Od.17.366
;εἰς οὐρανόν Il.15.371
, Od.9.527 ; χεῖρας ἐμοὶ ὀρέγοντας, in entreaty, 12.257, cf. Plu.Cam.36 ;μοι.. λεχέων ἐκ χεῖρας ὄρεξας Il.24.743
;πρός τινα Pi. P.4.240
, cf. S.OC 846, etc. ; Ὅμηρον.., ἐφ' ὃν πᾶσαι χεῖρ' ὀρέγουσι πόλεις, to claim him, APl.4.294.2 reach out, hold out, hand, give,κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον Od.15.312
;δέπας Il.24.102
; , cf. 17.453, Hes.Th. 433 ;ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν, ἦέ τις ἡμῖν Il.12.328
, cf. S.Ph. 1203 (lyr.);ὀ. πλοῦτόν τινι Pi.P.3.110
;τέλος ἔμπεδον Id.N.7.58
;ὤρεξε τὴν κύλικα τῷ Σωκράτει Pl.Phd. 117b
; later βοήθειαν ὀρέξαι τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις extend help, POxy.902.11 (v A.D.).II [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass.,1 abs., stretch oneself out, stretch forth one's hand, Od.21.53 ;ἀνδρὸς.. ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρ' ὀρέγεσθαι Il.24.506
(but having lent a helping hand,Epigr.Gr.
448.4 ([place name] Syria));ὀρεξαμένη ἀπὸ δίφρου Hes.Sc. 456
; ὠρέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσι, χειρὶ σκαιῇ, Il.23.99, Hes.Th. 178 ; ἔγχει ὀρεξάσθω let him lunge with the spear (from the chariot), Il.4.307 ;πρόσθεν Ἄρης ὠρέξαθ' ὑπὲρ ζυγὸν.. ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ 5.851
; ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν, of horses, they galloped to the fight, 16.834; ὀρέξατ' ἰών he stretched himself as he went, i.e. made a stride, 13.20 ; ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρήν were stretched out towards the neck, 11.26 ; of fish, rise at the bait,καί τις τῶν τραφερῶν ὠρέξατο Theoc. 21.44
; for A.Ag. 1111, v. ὄρεγμα 1.1.2 c. gen., reach at or to a thing, grasp at, οὗ παιδὸς ὀρέξατο he reached out to his child, Il.6.466, cf. Od.11.392 ; in a hostile sense, aim at, assail, hit, τοῦ δ' ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος.. ὦμον hit him first on the shoulder, Il.16.322 ; ib. 314, a gen. pers. must be supplied, ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος; so in 23.805 ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν;δηΐων ὀρέγοιτ' ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενος Tyrt.12.12
; also of a suppliant, τί χρῆμα θηρῶσ' ἱκέτις ὠρέχθης ἐμοῦ; E.Hel. 1238.b metaph., reach after, grasp at, yearn for, ;τῶν μεγίστων Id.Fr. 240
;ἀπεόντων Democr.202
;ζωῆς Id.205
: freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose, Antipho 2.2.12, Th.3.42, Pl.R. 439b, 485d, etc.;ὀ. τοῦ πρῶτος ἕκαστος γίγνεσθαι Th.2.65
: so c. inf.,πόλιν ὠρέξατ' οἰκεῖν E.HF16
;ὀ. τοιοῦτος γενέσθαι Pl. Prt. 326a
;οὐδέποτε ὠρέχθην τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκειν Epicur.Fr. 187
: also, abs., yearn, desire,πάσῃσιν ὀρέξαιτο πραπίδεσσιν Emp.129.4
;θυμὸς ὀρέξατο γηθοσύνῃσιν A.R.2.878
;ὀρεγόμεθα κατὰ τὴν βούλευσιν Arist.EN 1113a12
; cf. ὀρεκτός, ὄρεξις.3 c. acc., σῖτόν τ' ὄρεξαι take food, E.Or. 303 (v.l. σίτων); αἰώρημα διὰ δέρης ὀρέξομαι I will put the noose on my neck, Id.Hel. 353 (lyr.). -
103 ὀρεύς
Aὁ θῆλυς ὀ. Arist.HA 577b22
, though τῆς θηλείας follows τοῖς θήλεσιν ib. 573a16), mule, in Il., as a beast of draught and burden, always in [dialect] Ion. form, synon. with ἡμίονος, cf. 23.115 with 121, and 24.702 with 716 ; also in Ar.Ra. 290, etc. ; νικᾶν τοῖς ὀρεῦσι win the mule-race, Arist.Rh. 1405b25.—In [dialect] Att. ἡμίονος is the usual word, though the Adj. ὀρικός is preferred to ἡμιονικός by Moer.p.273 P.II poet. Adj. for ὀρεινός, Lyc.1111. -
104 ὀχετός
A means for carrying water, water-pipe, made of leather, Hdt.3.9; when carried underground, sts. of wood, IG12.373.64, 66,22.1672.305; of stone, ὀ. λίθινος κρυπτός ib.7.4255.5 (Oropus, iv B. C.); material not named, Th.6.100, Pl.Phd. 112c, etc.;τοὺς προϋπάρχοντας ὀ. κρυπτοὺς ποιεῖν OGI483.74
(Pergam.); conduit, channel, Arist.Pol. 1303b13, al.; ὀ. μετέωροι open drains, Id.Ath.50.2, OGI483.63 (Pergam.); = ἀφεδρών, Ev.Marc.7.19 (cod. D).2 in Anatomy, τῆς ἀρτηρίας ὀχετοί ducts leading to the lungs, Pl.Ti. 70d;οἱ τοῦ αἵματος ὀ. Poll.2.217
; of the urinal and intestinal canals, Hp. Art.48, 50, X.Mem.1.4.6; ὥσπερ ἐξ ὀχετῶν (of sweat), Hp.Epid.6.3.1.III metaph.,βαθὺς ὀ. ἄτας Pi.O.10(11).37
; παρεκτρέποντες ὀ. ὥστε μὴ θανεῖν making a side channel or means of escape, E. Supp. 1111; ὀχετοὶ βοτρύων pherecr.130.7, cf. Telecl.1.9; ἐν τοῖς μεριστοῖς ὀ. currents, Dam.Pr. 127, cf. 130, 206. -
105 ὄρεγμα
A stretching out,τὰ χερὸς ὀ. A.Ch. 426
(lyr.); προτείνει δὲ χεὶρ ἐκ χερὸς ὀρέγματα (as Herm. from Sch. for ὀρεγόμενα of cod. M) A.Ag. 1111 (lyr.);βημάτων ὄρεγμα Id.Ch. 799
(lyr., but the passage is corrupt);ὄ. ποδός APl.4.189
(Nic.): abs., διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ ὀ. of their reach or stride, of camels, Arist.HA 632a31 ; v. ἁμιλλάομαι 11.II a measure of length, a subdivision of the σχοῖνος, Tab.Heracl.2.33, al. -
106 ὑλοκουρός
A = ὑλοτόμος, Lyc.1111.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑλοκουρός
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107 ὑποστράτηγος
ὑποστρᾰτηγ-ος (proparox.), ὁ,A subordinate commander, X.An.3.1.32; = Lat. legatus, D.H.19.14(18), App.Hann.10, al., D.C.59.21, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποστράτηγος
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108 ὑψόθεν
A from on high, from above, Il.11.53, 15.18, Hes.Th. 704, Pi. P.8.81, A.Supp. 175 (lyr.), Fr. 275, E.Ba. 1111, Fr.420.3;ὑ. ἐκ κορυφῆς Od.2.147
;ἐκ πέτρης 17.210
: rare in Prose,καθορῶντες ὑ. τὸν τῶν κάτω βίον Pl.Sph. 216c
.II = ὑψοῦ, aloft, on high,ὁ ὑ. σκοπός A. Supp. 381
(lyr.); τὰ ὑ., opp. τὰ ἔνερθε, AP12.97 (Antip.).2 c. gen., above, over, Pi.O.3.12, Arat.26, A.R.2.806, IG22.4225.2. -
109 διαφθείρω
διαφθείρω fut. διαφθερῶ; 1 aor. διέφθειρα LXX. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. διαφθαρήσεται Da Theod.; 2 aor. διεφθάρην; pf. 3 sg. διέφθαρται Zeph 3:7, ptc. διεφθαρμένος (s. φθείρω; Hom.+)① to cause the destruction of someth., spoil, destroy of rust eating into iron Dg 2:2; of moths (Philo, Abr. 11), that eat clothes Lk 12:33.—IMg 10:2 (imagery of food spoilage); destroy persons and nations (Aristot., Pol. 1323a, 31; Diod S 5, 54, 3; 12, 68, 2; Plut., Demosth. 859 [28, 4]; LXX; Jos., Ant. 2, 26; 11, 211) Rv 11:18a (in wordplay, s. 11:18b in 2 below; cp. Jer 28:25); Hv 4, 2, 3; Hs 9, 1, 9; 9, 26, 1; 7. Pass. be destroyed of a person’s physical being 2 Cor 4:16 (cp. Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 135a διαφθαρῆναι τ. σῶμα; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 13, 2; Philo, Decal. 124). οὐδὲν αὐτοῦ διεφθάρη no part of him was impaired AcPlCor 2:30—Hv 2, 3, 3. Of ships (Diod S 11, 19, 3; 13, 13, 4; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 1111–12b διαφθαρείσης τῆς νεώς) Rv 8:9; a kingdom IEph 19:3. Of the bodies of starving persons waste away (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 66 §274 λιμῷ διαφθαρῆναι; POxy 938, 4; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 124) Hv 3, 9, 3.② to cause to become morally corrupt, deprave, ruin (Diod S 16, 54, 4 τὰ ἤθη τ. ἀνθρώπων; Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 10 τοὺς νέους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 264; Just.): the earth (i.e. its people) Rv 11:18b (s. on 11:18a in 1 above); 19:2 v.l.; δ. τὴν εἰς θεὸν γνώμην IRo 7:1. διεφθαρμένοι ἄνθρωποι τὸν νοῦν 1 Ti 6:5. Of the mind pass. be corrupted Hs 4:7 (cp. Pla., Leg. 10, 888a and Jos., Ant. 9, 222 δ. τὴν διάνοιαν; Aeschyl., Ag. 932 and Dionys. Hal. 5, 21 τ. γνώμην; Dio Chrys. 60 + 61 [77 + 78], 45 ψυχὴ διεφθαρμένη).—B. 762. DELG s.v. φθείρω. M-M. TW. -
110 ἁμαρτωλός
ἁμαρτωλός, όν pert. to behavior or activity that does not measure up to standard moral or cultic expectations (being considered an outsider because of failure to conform to certain standards is a freq. semantic component. Persons engaged in certain occupations, e.g. herding and tanning, that jeopardized cultic purity, would be considered by some as ‘sinners’, a term tantamount to ‘outsider’. Non-Israelites were esp. considered out of bounds [cp. Ac 10:28 and s. b, below]).ⓐ as adj. (Aristoph., Th. 1111; Aristot., EN 2, 9, 1109a 33; Philod., Ira p. 73 W.; Plut., Mor. 25c; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 22 [Stone p. 20]; Just., A I, 15, 5, D. 43, 3 al.) sinful ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ μοιχαλίδι καὶ ἁ. in this adulterous (=unfaithful) and sinful generation Mk 8:38. ἵνα γένηται καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἁ. ἡ ἁμαρτία that sin might become sinful in the extreme Ro 7:13.—With focus on cultic nonconformity ἀνὴρ ἁ. (Sir 15:12; 27:30; 1 Macc 2:62) a sinner Lk 5:8; 19:7; ἄνθρωπος ἁ. (Sir 11:32; 32:17) J 9:16; pl. (Num 32:14; Just., D. 23, 2) Lk 24:7.ⓑ as subst.α. ὁ ἁ. the sinner, gener. w. focus on wrongdoing as such (ins from Lycia ἁ. θεοῖς ‘sinner against the gods’ [IAsMinLyk I, 30, no. 7; CIG 4307; Lyc. ins: ARW 19, 1919, 284] or ἁ. θεῶν [IAsMinLyk II, 36, no. 58; OGI 55, 31f; CIG 4259, 6]; other ins: Steinleitner [see ἁμαρτάνω, end] p. 84f; LXX, En, TestAbr, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos, Test12Patr; Just., A I, 15, 8 al.) ἁ. παρὰ πάντας τοὺς Γαλιλαίους greater sinners than all the other Galileans Lk 13:2; (opp. δίκαιος as En 104:6) οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους, ἀλλὰ ἁ. Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 2 Cl 2:4; B 5:9; cp. Hs 3:2f; 4:2ff. W. ἀσεβής (En 5:6) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); B 11:7 (Ps 1:5); w. πονηρός (Gen 13:13) 4:2; w. ἄπιστος Rv 21:8 v.l.; ἁ. εἰμι Hm 4, 2, 3. οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἁ. ἐστιν J 9:24; cp. vs. 25. ἁ. μετανοῶν a sinner who repents Lk 15:7, 10. μετάνοια τῶν ἁ. Hs 8, 6, 6. ἁμαρτωλοὺς προσδέχεσθαι Lk 15:2. ἁ. σῶσαι 1 Ti 1:15; ἐπιστρέφειν ἁ. Js 5:20; ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁ. Lk 18:13. ἁμαρτωλῶν οὐκ ἀκούει of God J 9:31. ἡ ἁμαρτωλός the sinful woman Lk 7:37, 39 (PJoüon, RSR 29, ’39, 615–19). In rhetorical address Js 4:8.β. with focus on status of outsider—w. τελώνης (IAbrahams, Publicans and Sinners: Stud. in Pharisaism and the Gospels I 1917, 54ff; JJeremias, ZNW 30, ’31, 293–300; WRaney, JR 10, 1930, 578–91; Goodsp., Probs. 28f) irreligious, unobservant people, outsiders of those who did not observe the Law in detail and therefore were shunned by observers of traditional precepts Mt 9:10f; 11:19; Mk 2:15f; Lk 5:30; 7:34; 15:1.—Lk 6:32 has ἁ., whereas its parallel Mt 5:46 has τελώνης. W. ἔθνη Hs 4:4; more precisely ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί, which means, in the usage of Judeans and Judean Christians, no ‘sinners’ of gentile descent Gal 2:15. Gener. a favorite term for non-Israelites (Is 14:5; Tob 13:8; 1 Macc 1:34 al.); hence the irony in ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται εἰς (τὰς) χεῖρας (τῶν) ἁ. (the Israelite Jesus delivered to the ‘outsiders’, gentiles) Mt 26:45; Mk 14:41 (on χεῖρ. ἁ. cp. Ps 70:4; 81:4; 96:10); cp. Lk 6:32ff, whose parallel Mt 5:47 has ἐθνικός. (ἡ) ὁδὸς ἁμαρτωλῶν the way of sinners B 10:10 (Ps 1:1). Its adj. character is wholly lost in Jd 15, where it is itself modif. by ἀσεβεῖς (En 1:9).—Of the state of a person who is not yet reconciled ἔτι ἁ. ὄντων ἡμῶν Ro 5:8. ἁ. κατεστάθησαν οἱ πολλοί the many (i.e. ‘humanity’; opp., ‘the one’, Adam) were constituted sinners (=were exposed to being treated as sinners; s. καθίστημι 3) 5:19. ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι Ro 3:7. εὑρέθημεν ἁμαρτωλοί Gal 2:17. Opp. κεχωρισμένος ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. separated from sinners of Jesus Hb 7:26. ὑπό τῶν ἁ. … ἀντιλογίαν 12:3.—ESjöberg, Gott u. die Sünder im paläst. Judentum ’38.—DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW. -
111 ἐγώ
ἐγώ (Hom.+) pers. pron. of the first pers. ἐμοῦ (μου), ἐμοί (μοι), ἐμέ (με); pl. ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν, ἡμῖν, ἡμᾶς: I, used w. a verb to emphasize the pers.: ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω Mt 10:16; ἐγὼ λέγω 21:27; ἐγὼ ἐπιτάσσω σοι Mk 9:25; ἐγὼ καταλύσω 14:58. Esp. in the antitheses of the Sermon on the Mount Mt 5:22–44 (s. ELohse, JJeremias Festschr. ’70, 189–203 [rabb.]). ἐγώ εἰμι it is I (in contrast to others) Mt 14:27; Lk 24:39; J 6:20; I am the man 9:9; w. strong emphasis: I am the one (i.e. the Messiah) Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8; J 8:24, 28; cp. vs. 58.—For the solemn I-style in J, esp. 10:7–14, cp. the Isis ins in Diod S 1, 27, 4; IG XII/5, 14 (SIG 1267) passim; PGM 5, 145ff (all three in Dssm., LO 109–12 [LAE 134ff]; further material there 109, 3 and in Hdb., excur. on J 8:12. See IAndrosIsis; GWetter, ‘Ich bin es’: StKr 88, 1915, 224–38; KZickendraht, ibid. 94, 1922, 162–68; ESchweizer, Ego Eimi ’39; WManson, JTS 48, ’47, 137–45; HSahlin, Zur Typologie des Joh-evangeliums ’50, 63–71; Bultmann 167, 2; GMacRae, CMoule Festschr., ’70, 122–34 [Gnostics]; JBergman, Ich bin Isis, 1968; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95).—On J 8:58 s. EFreed, JSNT 17, ’83, 52–59 (esp. p. 57f, n. 3, lit.).—ἰδοὺ ἐγώ (oft. LXX; s. PKatz, Philo’s Bible ’50, 75ff) Mt 23:34; 28:20; Mk 1:2 v.l. (Mal 3:1); Lk 24:49. ἰδοὺ ἐγώ, κύριε here I am, Lord Ac 9:10 (cp. Gen 22:1; 27:1 al.).—ἐγώ I (will), or yes (Judg 13:11; cp. Epict. 2, 12, 18 ἔγωγε) Mt 21:30.—In gospel mss. ἐ. is also found without special emphasis, either as a Hebraism, Mk 12:26 (Ex 3:6); J 10:34 (Ps 81:6), or as a copyist’s addition (B-D-F §277, 2).—On the interchange of pl. and sg. (cp. Apollon. Rhod. 3, 784 ἄμμι [=ἡμῖν], on which the scholion reads: ἀντὶ ἑνικοῦ [=singular] τοῦ ἐμοὶ κεῖται τὸ ἄμμι. 3, 1111; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 18 §67 ἡμῖν=to me. Likew. 3, 48 §196 ἡμῖν in the words of Octavian; 3, 38 §152 μετεβάλομεν=I; Jos., Ant. 2, 68; Just., D. 1, 4) s. Mlt. 86f, esp. in Paul s. B-D-F §280; Rob. 406f; KDick, D. schriftstellerische Pl. b. Pls. 1900; EAskwith, Exp. 8th Ser., 1, 1911, 149–59; EvDobschütz, Wir u. Ich b. Pls: ZST 10, ’33, 251–77; WLofthouse, ET 64, ’52/53, 241–45; ARogers, ibid. 77, ’66, 339f. For J, s. AvHarnack, Das ‘Wir’ in den joh. Schriften: SBBerlAk 1923, 96–113.—FSlotty, Der sog. Pl. modestiae: IndogF 44, 1927, 155–90; on the pl. in Ac 27f s. Hemer, Acts 312–34 (lit.); UHolzmeister, De ‘plurali categoriae’ in NT a Patribus adhibito: Biblica 14, ’33, 68–95.—In the oblique cases the longer forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ are used as a rule where the main emphasis lies on the pron. ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν, ἐμοῦ ἀκούει Lk 10:16; τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ Ro 1:12 al., where the emphasis is suggested by the position of the pron.—The enclit. forms occur where the main emphasis lies on the noun or verb οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος Mt 10:37; τίς μου ἥψατο; Mk 5:31; ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι Mt 2:8 al. With prep. (Mayser 302f) the enclit. forms are used only in the case of ἔμπροσθεν and ὀπίσω, somet. ἐνώπιον (Ac 10:30; but cp. Lk 4:7 ἐ. ἐμοῦ), as well as w. πρός w. acc. after verbs of motion (δεῦτε πρός με Mt 11:28; cp. 3:14; J 6:37 v.l.; ἐρχέσθω πρός με 7:37; ἀπεσταλμένοι πρός με Ac 11:11 al.). Only the enclit. forms are used as substitutes for the possessive adj. ὁ λαός μου my people Mt 2:6; μενεῖτε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ μου you will remain in my love, i.e. make it possible for me to continue to love you J 15:10. μου stands as objective gen. μιμηταί μου γίνεσθε become imitators of me 1 Cor 4:16.—The expr. τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; is Hebraistic (=מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ), but it also made its way into vernac. Gk. (cp. Epict. 1, 22, 15; 1, 27, 13; 2, 19, 19; 1, 1, 16; ESchwartz, GGN 1908, p. 511, 3; DHesseling: Donum natalicium Schrijnen 1929, 665–68; FBurkitt, JTS 13, 1912, 594f; CLattey, ibid. 20, 1919, 335f); it may be rendered what have I to do w. you? what have we in common? leave me alone! never mind! It serves to refuse a request or invitation (2 Km 16:10; 19:23; 4 Km 3:13) J 2:4 (s. PGächter, ZKT 55, ’31, 351–402. Difft. JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 238–42.—Apparent indifference toward close relatives compared with the things of God, as Epict. 3, 3, 5 οὐδὲν ἐμοὶ καὶ τῷ πατρί, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἀγαθῷ) and as a protest against hostile measures (Judg 11:12; 3 Km 17:18; 2 Ch 35:21; 1 Esdr 1:24) Mk 5:7; Lk 8:28; likew. τὶ ἡμῖν κ. σοί; (s. τίς 1 aβה) Mt 8:29; Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34 (cp. OBauernfeind, D. Worte d. Dämonen im Mk 1927).—On the ‘I’ Ro 7:7ff s. WKümmel, Rö 7 u. d. Bekehrung des Pls 1929; RBultmann: Imago Dei ’32, 53–62; BMartin, SJT 34, ’81, 39–47 (in support of Kümmel for pre-Christian identity). Also s. οἴμοι.—DELG. M-M. TW.
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