(in+or+from+stone)

1. noun

1) ( also adjective) (of) the material of which rocks are composed:

2) a piece of this, of any shape or size:

3) a piece of this shaped for a special purpose:

4) a gem or jewel:

5) the hard shell containing the nut or seed in some fruits eg peaches and cherries:

6) a measure of weight still used in Britain, equal to 6.35 kilogrammes:

7) a piece of hard material that forms in the kidney, bladder etc and causes pain.

2. verb

1) to throw stones at, especially as a ritual punishment:

2) to remove the stones from (fruit):

Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),

Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).

Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),

Dialectal forms: Myc. raeja \/lāh-ejā\/ and Cypr. laos show that the word did not have a -w-.

Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.

Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆u<sub>e</sub>rā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.

Page in Frisk: 2,64-66

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `stone, (piece of) rock' (M 380, ι 499, prob. also E. Ph. 663 [lyr.] and Ar. Ach. 1172 [lyr.]), also appositive (attributive) to πέτρος (Π 735, E. Ph. 1401); `white stone, marble' (Hp., Thphr., Theoc.); also μάρμαρον n. `id.' (Call., late inscr.); also `callosity on the foot of asses' ( Hippiatr.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. μαρμαρο-φεγγής `gleaming like marble' (Tim. Pers.).

Derivatives: μαρμάρ-ινος (Theoc., inscr.), - εος (inscr., pap., AP) `of marble'; - όεις `gleaming like marble' (S.), - ώδης `marble-like' (Et. Gud.); uncertain μαρμαρικός ( ἄσβεστος, PHolm. 25, 19); prob. rather to Μαρμαρική. Further μαρμαρῖτις ( πέτρα) `marble-like' (Ph. Byz.); also plantname, `peony, Fumaria' (Ps.-Dsc.; because of the blue-gray colour; Strömberg Pfl.namen 26), also `peony' (Plin., who explains the name from the standing-place; cf. Redard 57 a. 74). μαρμαρ-άριος `marbleworkerer' (inscr.; = Lat. marmorārius). Denom. verb μαρμαρόομαι, - όω `be changed into marble, cover with marble' (Lyc., Hero), with (formally) μαρμάρωσις `callosity' ( Hippiatr.); best direct from μάρμαρον, cf. on ἀέτωσις sub αἰετός. -- μαρμαρωσσός `with callosity' ( Hippiatr.) from Lat. marmorōsus `id.'.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The original sense of `stone, rock' prob. with Prellwitz to μάρναμαι (?. Cf. Lat. rumpō: rūpēs); the meaning `marble' from the folketymological connection with μαρμαίρω, μαρμάρεος. How old the veterinary-medicinal meaning `callosity' is, cannot be established; it does not represent in any case an independent development from a supposed "basic meaning" (*hardening' v.t.), but comes rather from `stone' or `marble'. The same development is seen in the lat. LW [loanword] marmor. From Latin came the Westeurop. and Westslavic forms; Ukr. mrámor influenced also by μάρμαρος? Rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. marmor. P. Mazon prefers a connection with μαρμαίρω; cf. LSJ `a crystalline rock which sparkles'. In any case the formation of the word (- μαρ-ος) remains unclear, which makes Pre-Greek origin probable, so that connection with μάρναμαι must be given up.

See also: -- Weiteres s. μάρναμαι.

Page in Frisk: 2,176-177

get blood from stone, got blood from stone, got blood from stone, getting blood from stone

(n.) = stone tablet

Ex. The library also collects old and rare books, rubbings from stone tablets, oracle bones and maps.

* * *

- koń czysto przeskoczył mur i rów the horse cleared the wall and the ditch

- przeskakiwał po dwa stopnie naraz he was bounding up the stairs two (steps) at a time

- przeskoczył skrzyżowanie na czerwonym świetle he jumped the lights, went over a red light at the crossroads

- czterdziestkę to on już dawno przeskoczył he’s well over forty

- przeskoczyć kogoś (wzrostem) to become taller than sb; (umiejętnościami) to outstrip a. outflank sb

- takie są przepisy i ja ich nie przeskoczę these are the regulations and I cannot do anything about it

- pewnych spraw nie da się przeskoczyć there are certain things that cannot be avoided

- przeskoczyć przez coś to jump a. leap over a. across sth [rów, płot, kałużę]; to vault (over) sth [poprzeczkę, barierę]

- przeskakiwał z kamienia na kamień he was hopping from stone to stone

- wiewiórka przeskakiwała z gałęzi na gałąź the squirrel was leaping from branch to branch

- iskra elektryczna przeskakuje między elektrodami a spark passes between the electrodes

- wskazówka zegara przeskoczyła na trzecią the hand of the clock moved to three

- przeskakiwać z tematu na temat to skip from one subject to another

- myśl przeskakuje z tematu na temat my/his/her thoughts are in turmoil a. in a whirl

- aktor przeskakuje od tragizmu do komizmu the actor is able to switch from the tragic to the comic

■ sam siebie nie przeskoczysz pot. you can’t do more than that

- nie mów hop, póki nie przeskoczysz przysł. there’s many a slip ’twixt cup and lip przysł.

(n.) = rubbings

Ex. The library also collects old and rare books, rubbings from stone tablets, oracle bones and maps.

* * *

(n.) = oracle bones

Ex. The library also collects old and rare books, rubbings from stone tablets, oracle bones and maps.

* * *

iz.

1. stone cutting; \hargintzatik bizi zen bere senarra her husband lived from stone cutting

2. ( hargin-lana) stonework; \hargintza ederreko etxea a house with fine stonework

λαξόος, ὁ, [var] contr. from λαοξόος, prob. in Timo 25.1: in pass. sense, λάξοος

A hewn from stone, S.Fr. 212 (lyr.).

आश्मरिक a. (

-की f.) [अश्मर्येव स्वार्थे बा˚ ठञ्] Suffering from stone in the bladder.

-कः N. of a disease (अश्मरी q. v.).

λαξόος

hewn from stone: masc nom /voc pl

λαξόος

hewn from stone: masc nom sg

stone, ам. rock

(скала) rock

голям речен камък boulder

камък за калдъръм cobble, cobble-stone

голям плосък камък арх. ledger

дялан камък hewn stone, ashlar

воденичен камък millstone

бордюрен камък kerbstone

граничен камък (знак) landmark

километричен камък milestone

основен камък foundation-stone

крайъгълен камък corner-stone

надгробен камък tombstone, gravestone

трошен камък, камъки камъни crushed stone

точиларски камък whetstone

(колело) grindstone

(за бръснач) hone, honing stone

скъпоценен камък gem, a precious stone

настилам с камъни pave (with stones), ( шосирам) macadamize

твърд като камък as hard as brick

сърце от камък a heart of stone/flint

син камък blue vitriol/stone, copper sulphate

зелен камък verdigris, green vitriol, copperas

адски камък caustic silver, lunar caustic

камък в бъбрека renal calculus, gravel

камък в пикочния мехур bladder-stone; gravel

камък в жлъчката gall-stone

зъбен камък tartar, scale

пробен камък touchstone

философски камък the philosopher's stone

тежи като камък на сърцето ми it weighs heavy on my heart

падна ми камък от сърцето a stone fell from my heart; that's a load off my mind/heart/chest

удрям на камък run upon the rocks, strike a snag, draw blank, have a setback, (за план и пр.) miscarry, fail

не оставям камък върху камък raze to the ground, not leave a stone standing

това беше камък в моята градина that was a dig/a fling at me, that was aimed at me

хвърлям камък върху някого throw/cast stones at s.o.

с неговите камъни по неговата глава beat s.o. at his own game, give s.o. a dose of his own medicine

с моите камъни по моята глава make a rod for o.'s own back

валчест камък темел не хваща a rolling stone gathers no moss

камъкът тежи на мястото си the right man in the right place

камък да стисне, вода ще пусне he's as strong as an ox

* * *

ка̀мък,

м., -ни, (два) ка̀мъка stone, амер. rock; ( скала) rock; бордюрен \камъкк kerbstone; воденичен \камъкк millstone; голям плосък \камъкк архит. ledger; голям речен \камъкк boulder; граничен \камъкк ( знак) landmark; дялан \камъкк hewn stone, ashlar; \камъкк за калдъръм cobble, cobble-stone; километричен \камъкк milestone; крайъгълен \камъкк corner-stone; надгробен \камъкк tombstone, gravestone; основен \камъкк foundation-stone; скъпоценен \камъкк gem, a precious stone; точиларски \камъкк whetstone; ( колело) grindstone; (за бръснач) hone, honing stone; трошен \камъкк crushed stone; • адски \камъкк caustic silver, lunar caustic; валчест \камъкк темел не хваща a rolling stone gathers no moss; зелен \камъкк verdigris, green vitriol, copperas; зъбен \камъкк tartar, scale; казана дума, хвърлен \камъкк a word spoken is past recalling; it’s a promise; \камъкк в бъбрека renal calculus, gravel; \камъкк в жлъчката gall-stone; \камъкк в пикочния мехур bladder-stone; gravel; \камъкк в стомаха gastrolith, gastric calculus; \камъкк да стисне, вода ще пусне he’s as strong as an ox; \камъккът тежи на мястото си the right man in the right place; котлен \камъкк scale; настилам с \камъкни pave (with stones), ( шосирам) macadamize; не оставям \камъкк върху \камъкк raze to the ground, not leave a stone standing; падна ми \камъкк от сърцето a stone fell from my heart; that’s a load off my mind/heart/chest; пробен \камъкк touchstone; с моите \камъкни по моята глава make a rod for o.’s own back; с неговите \камъкни по неговата глава beat s.o. at his own game, give s.o. a dose of his own medicine; син \камъкк blue vitriol/stone, copper sulphate; сърце от \камъкк a heart of stone/flint; твърд като \камъкк as hard as brick/nail; тежи като \камъкк на сърцето ми it weighs heavy on my heart; това беше \камъкк в моята градина that was a dig/a fling/a shot at me, that was aimed at me; търся под дърво и \камъкк look for s.th. high and low; look under log, leaf and nettle; leave no stone unturned; удрям на \камъкк run upon the rocks, hit the wall, fall on stony ground, strike/come on a snag, draw blank, have a setback, (за план и пр.) miscarry, fail; философски \камъкк the philosopher’s stone; хвърлям \камъкк върху някого throw/cast stones at s.o.

* * *

calculus (мед.); millstone (воденичен); rock{rOk}; stone: corner- камък - крайъгълен камък

* * *

[from *karr-] iz.

1. ( gaia) stone, rock (USA) ; hau \harria baino gogorragoa da this is harder than a rock; \harri leundu to polish stone

b. ( etxegintzari, artegintzari d.) stone

c. [ izenen aurrean ] stone-; H\harri Aroa Stone Age; \harri-puska piece of stone

2. ( gai horren zatia, puska)

a. stone, rock (USA) ; poliziei \harriak bota zizkieten they threw {stones || rocks} at the police; bekaturik ez duena lehen jaurtiki dezala let he who is without sin cast the first stone; \harri artean erortzen da gari-hazia the wheat seed falls amid the rocks; dabilen \harriari ez zaio goroldiorik lotzen (atsot.) a rolling stone gathers no moss (atsot.) ; \harri xeheak gravel | pebbles (atsot.)

b. [ izenen aurrean ] stone-, rock-; of stone; \harri mokor bat a chunk of stone; \harri-meta pile of {stones || rocks}; \harri-pila pile of {stones || rocks}

3. ( gai horren mota berezia)

a. stone; harea-\harri sandstone; ikatz-\harri coal; kare-\harri limestone; diamantezko \harria bezain gogorra as hard as a diamond stone; \harri preziatu precious stone

b. \harri landu ashlar | block of stone; \harri urdin lapislazuli; \harri ustel slate, shale; \harri zabal flagstone

4. ( gai horren zati, erabilera bereziren bat duena)

a. stone; dema-\harri contest stone | dragging stone; esne-\harri rock for boiling milk; habaila-\harri sling stone; 312 kiloko \harria jaso zuen he lifted a 312 kilo stone

b. [izenen aurrean] \harri-jasotzaile stone lifter

5. (irud.) \harri eta {zur || belarri} gelditu to be absolutely {stunned || shocked}; Ruandako sarraski izugarriek guztiok \harri eta zur utzi gintuzten the terrible massacres in Rwanda deeply shocked us all; \harri eta makila like {crazy || mad}; \harri eta makila erabiltzen dute (NG) they work his {butt || tail end} off; \harri eta horma ukatu (B) to deny categorically; \harri batez bi kolpe egin to kill two birds with one stone

a. Met. hailstone; \harria egin du it's hailed; kazkabarra eta \harria ari ziren it was hailing down; buruan dut, udaberriko egun batean, nolako \harria egin zuen, aza landareak jarri gure baratzean eta ordubete baino lehen I recall on a spring day how it hailed within an hour after planting cabbage plants in our garden ; \harriak jota struck by hail

b. (irud.) ( kalte) haren aurrean esan dituen berbetan \harri batu dio bere buruari he brought it upon himself for saying the words he did in front of her

7. Med.

a. stone; gibel-\harri gallstone; gibelean ez dik \harri asko! (NG) i. he doesn't have many gallstones ii. (irud.) he's as fit as a fiddle

b. [ izenen aurrean ] \harri-mina du he's suffering from a {gallstone || kidney stone}

8. sink; \harrikoa egin to wash the dishes | to do the washing up; goiz guztian, \harritik urten barik nago I've been washing dishes non-stop all morning

9. Kir. ( h.g. pilota-\harri) ball; elkarri pilota-\harrian txanda ematen ziotela in which they took turns hitting the ball to each other

= Stone Age, the

Ex. Generally made from massive tree trunks, dugouts are known as the best prehistoric boats, which date back to the Stone Age.