(frosty)

* * *

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

* * *

cold, frosty, icy, freezing

frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).

Lit.:

calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,

Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:

fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 849:

fons,

id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:

frigidior umor,

id. 6, 840; 844:

nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:

loca frigidissima,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:

rura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:

Praeneste,

id. C. 3, 4, 22:

Tempe,

Verg. G. 2, 469:

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 404:

aura,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:

manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

umbra noctis,

Verg. E. 8, 14:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,

Verg. G. 3, 336:

frigidus latet anguis in herba,

id. E. 3, 93:

anguis,

id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;

Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,

Lucr. 6, 1194:

febris,

an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,

quartana,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:

fomenta,

id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:

ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,

i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:

frigidus annus,

winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—

As subst.

frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:

frigida (opp. calida),

Ov. M. 1, 19.—

frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):

frigida lavare lubenter,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:

frigidam bibere,

Cels. 1, 5:

frigidam aegro dare,

Suet. Claud. 40:

frigidā lavari,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

noxia ut frigidam febri,

Quint. 5, 11, 31.—

In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:

solve nives,

Mart. 5, 64).—

In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:

est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,

Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):

illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,

Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,

transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,

Verg. G. 4, 525:

membra nati,

Ov. M. 14, 743:

mors,

Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:

pausa vitaï,

Lucr. 3, 930:

stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,

stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:

miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,

i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:

formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,

id. 2, 339:

frigida mens criminibus,

Juv. 1, 166:

mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29.

Trop.

Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:

nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,

lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:

non frigida virgo,

i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,

Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:

(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,

in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:

in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:

frigidae litterae,

cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

solacia,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.

cura,

Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:

curarum frigus,

Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):

frigida bello Dextera,

feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:

ensis,

inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:

(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,

i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—

Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;

opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:

haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:

(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

verba frigidiora vitare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:

frigidi et arcessiti joci,

Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:

illud frigidum et inane,

id. 10, 2, 17:

illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,

id. 5, 10, 31:

frigida et puerilis affectatio,

id. 4, 1, 77:

frigida et inanis affectatio,

id. 7, 3, 74:

genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,

Cic. Brut. 67, 236:

in salibus aliquando frigidus,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

dies frigidis rebus absumere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

negotia,

id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:

omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,

id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:

leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,

Suet. Calig. 26.—

With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:

frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).

Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—

Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:

verbis inepte et frigide uti,

Gell. 13, 24, 7;

so with inaniter,

id. 7, 3, 43;

with exigue, opp. graviter,

id. 19, 3, 1; cf.

also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,

Quint. 6, 3, 4:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,

i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:

tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,

id. 6, 1, 39.

frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. [frigeo], cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. psuchros).

Lit.:

calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia,

Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.:

fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore,

Lucr. 6, 849:

fons,

id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.:

frigidior umor,

id. 6, 840; 844:

nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13:

loca frigidissima,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.:

rura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9:

Praeneste,

id. C. 3, 4, 22:

Tempe,

Verg. G. 2, 469:

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 404:

aura,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.:

manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

umbra noctis,

Verg. E. 8, 14:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

frigidus aëra vesper Temperat,

Verg. G. 3, 336:

frigidus latet anguis in herba,

id. E. 3, 93:

anguis,

id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. psuchron ophin, Theogn. 602;

Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque,

Lucr. 6, 1194:

febris,

an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so,

quartana,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 290:

fomenta,

id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.:

ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit,

i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:

frigidus annus,

winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—

As subst.

frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.— Plur.:

frigida (opp. calida),

Ov. M. 1, 19.—

frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):

frigida lavare lubenter,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1:

frigidam bibere,

Cels. 1, 5:

frigidam aegro dare,

Suet. Claud. 40:

frigidā lavari,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

noxia ut frigidam febri,

Quint. 5, 11, 31.—

In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:

solve nives,

Mart. 5, 64).—

In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:

est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura,

Lucr. 3, 290; poet.):

illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā,

Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also,

transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat,

Verg. G. 4, 525:

membra nati,

Ov. M. 14, 743:

mors,

Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.:

pausa vitaï,

Lucr. 3, 930:

stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense,

stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530:

miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem,

i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.:

formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt,

id. 2, 339:

frigida mens criminibus,

Juv. 1, 166:

mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29.

Trop.

Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:

nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur,

lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3:

non frigida virgo,

i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

frigidus aevo Laomedontiades,

Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. [p. 782] G. 3, 97:

(Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit,

in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465:

in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21:

frigidae litterae,

cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

solacia,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf.

cura,

Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.:

curarum frigus,

Ov. P. 3, 9, 25):

frigida bello Dextera,

feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338:

ensis,

inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502:

(apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt,

i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—

Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;

opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas,

Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.:

haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 260:

(sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

verba frigidiora vitare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89:

frigidi et arcessiti joci,

Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69:

illud frigidum et inane,

id. 10, 2, 17:

illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc.,

id. 5, 10, 31:

frigida et puerilis affectatio,

id. 4, 1, 77:

frigida et inanis affectatio,

id. 7, 3, 74:

genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum,

Cic. Brut. 67, 236:

in salibus aliquando frigidus,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

dies frigidis rebus absumere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

negotia,

id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.:

omnia ista frigida et inania videntur,

id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause:

leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit,

Suet. Calig. 26.—

With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:

frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.).

Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—

Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:

verbis inepte et frigide uti,

Gell. 13, 24, 7;

so with inaniter,

id. 7, 3, 43;

with exigue, opp. graviter,

id. 19, 3, 1; cf.

also: quae sunt dicta frigidius,

Quint. 6, 3, 4:

transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur,

i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133:

tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit,

id. 6, 1, 39.

hĭĕmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [hiems].

Of persons, to pass the winter, to winter; of soldiers, to keep in winter-quarters:

ubi piratae quotannis hiemare soleant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 104:

naviget ac mediis hiemet mercator in undis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 71:

assidue in Urbe,

Suet. Aug. 72:

tres (legiones), quae circum Aquileiam hiemabant, ex hibernis educit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 3:

legionem hiemandi causa collocaret,

id. ib. 3, 1:

cupio scire quid agas et ubi sis hiematurus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 1:

facies me certiorem, quomodo hiemaris,

id. Att. 6, 1 fin. —

Of things, to be wintry, frozen, cold, stormy (freq. since the Aug. per.; not in Cic.): hiemantes aquae, Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:

atrum Defendens pisces hiemat mare,

storms, Hor. S. 2, 2, 17; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; cf.: repente hiemavit tempestas... totus hiemavit annus... hiemante Aquilone, Arrunt. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:

delphini vespertino occasu continui dies hiemant Italiae,

Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 235.—

Impers., hiemat, it is winter weather, wintry, cold, frosty (post-Aug.):

decimo sexto Cal. Febr. Cancer desinit occidere: hiemat,

Col. 11, 2, 4:

vehementer hiemat,

id. ib. 20:

hiemat cum frigore et gelicidiis,

id. ib. 78; Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348.—

Act., to congeal, freeze, turn to ice (post-Aug.):

decoquunt alii aquas, mox et illas hiemant,

Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55 (for which:

decoquere aquam vitroque demissam in nives refrigerare,

id. 31, 3, 23, § 40):

hiemato lacu,

id. 9, 22, 38, § 75.

prŭīnōsus, a, um, adj. [pruina].

Full of hoar-frost, frosty, rimy:

herbae,

Ov. M. 4, 82:

nox,

id. Am. 2, 19, 22:

axis (Aurorae),

id. ib. 1, 6, 65; 1, 13, 2: equi Noctis, id. P. 1, 2, 56:

caeli status,

Col. 4, 23, 2. —

Transf.: panni, cold, i. e. affording no warmth, Petr. 83 fin.