ῥᾰφᾰν-ος

ῥάφη

a large kind of radish: fem gen pl (doric aeolic)

ῥαφή

seam: fem gen pl (doric aeolic)

ῥάφη

a large kind of radish: fem gen pl (doric aeolic)

ῥαφή

seam: fem gen pl (doric aeolic)

ῥαφά̱ν, ῥαφή

seam: fem acc sg (doric aeolic)

ῥαφά̱ν, ῥαφή

seam: fem acc sg (doric aeolic)

ῥᾰφᾰν-έλαιον, τό,

A oil of radishes, Dsc.1.37 (as v.l.), in lemmate; written [full] ῥεφαναιέλαιον, POxy.155.8 (vi A.D.).

ῥᾰφᾰν-η, ἡ,= ῥάφανος, Batr. 53 (as v.l.), Hippiatr.33, Hsch.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ηδόν, Adv.

A radish-like, of fractures, Erot. s.v. ἀτρεκέως, Gal.10.424, Sor.Fract.10; cf. καυληδόν.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ίδῐον [ῑδ], τό, Dim. of ῥαφανίς, Pl.Com. 171.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ῑδόω,

A thrust a radish up the fundament, a punishment of adulterers in Athens, Ar.Nu. 1083, cf. Luc. Peregr.9:—hence [full] ἀπορᾰφᾰνίδωσις, εως, ἡ, Sch.Ar.Pl. 168.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ῑδώδης, ες,

A like a radish, Thphr.HP7.6.2.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ῐνος, η, ον,

A of radish,

ἔλαιον Dsc.1.37

, PAmh.2.93.10 (ii A.D.), Gal.11.750: ῥαφάνινον alone, PFay. 240 (i B.C.).

ῥᾰφᾰν-ιον, τό, Dim. of

A

ῥάφανος 11

, PHib.1.34.18 (iii B.C.), UPZ89.4 (ii B.C.); cf. ῥαπάνιον.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ίς, ῖδος, ἡ,

A radish, Raphanus sativus, Ar.Nu. 981, Pl. 544, Fr. 253, Cratin.313, Eup.312, Thphr.HP1.2.7, Dsc.2.112, etc.: later [full] ῥεφανίς, Philum.Ven.18.4, Gloss.; cf. ῥάφανος.

II ῥ. ἀγρία charlock, Raphanus raphanistrum, Dsc.2.112, Plin.HN19.82. [-ῑς, ῖδος in all known passages, though Ath.2.56e says that ι is common.]

ῥᾰφᾰν-ος, ἡ, [dialect] Att. for κράμβη,

A cabbage, Brassica cretica, Ar.Fr. 109;

οἶδ' ὅτι καλοῦμεν ῥάφανον, ὑμεῖς δ' οἱ ξένοι κράμβην Apollod.

Car.27;

τῆς ῥ., ἣν καλοῦσί τινες κράμβην Arist.HA 551a15

, cf. Thphr. HP1.6.6, al.; it was boiled for use, Nicoch.15, Alex.286; distd. fr. - ίς by Phryn.11, Hsch.

2 ῥ. ἀγρία,= κράμβη ἀγρία, Thphr.HP7.6.2.

b = ῥαφανὶς ἀγρία, ib.9.15.5.

c tuberous spurge, Euphorbia Apios, Dsc.4.175; also ῥ. ὀρεία, ὀρεινή, Thphr.HP9.12.1, Ps.-Dsc.4.175.

II also,= ῥαφανίς, Arist.Pr. 924a34, PTeb.79.22 (ii B.C.), Poll.1.247. ([dialect] Ion.(?) and late Gr. [full] ῥέφανος Hp.Mul.2.115, Gloss.: v. ῥάπυς.)

ῥᾰφᾰν-ουρός, ὁ,

A cabbage-watcher, gardener, like κηπουρός, Hsch.

ῥᾰφᾰν-ῖτις, ιδος, ἡ,= ἶρις Ἰλλυρική, Plin.HN21.41.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cabbage, Brassica cretica' (Att. etc.), `radish, Raphanus sativus' (Arist., pap.).

Other forms: Also - άνη Batr. [v.l.] a.o.). Cf. ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς f. `turnip'. ῥέφανος Hp. Mul. 2, 115.

Derivatives: 1. ῥαφανίς, - ῖδος f. `radish' (com. a.o.) with - ίδιον n. `id.' (Pl. Com.), - ιδώδης `like a radish' (Thphr.), - ιδόομαι `to be treated with radish' (Ar.); 2. ῥαφάν-ιον n. `radish' (pap.), also ῥαπάνιον; 3. - ινος `of radish' (pap., Dsc. a.o.), - ῖτις f. `kind of iris' (Plin.; Redard 76); 4. - ηδόν adv. `in a radish-like way' (medic.). -- Beside it ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς f. `turnip' (Ath. 9, 369b, 371 c). -- Very uncertain ῥάφας acc. pl. (after H. s. ῥαφανίς with Tryphon Dor.); prob. miswritten for ῥαφάνους or ῥαφ\<άν\>ας; cf. Phot. ῥάφανον την ῥαφανῖδα. Έπίχαρμος (Fr. 204) [improbable]. With ῥάφανος cf. πύανος, λάχανον, πήγανον a. other plantnames; of ῥάφυς, ῥάπυς remind σίκυς, κάχρυς, στάχυς a.o.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Old designation of the turnip, which is widespread in the Europ. languages but shows a varying vocalism, which points to old loans: Lat. rāpum n., -a f., OHG ruoba f., Lith. rópė f., which may all come fom IE * rāp-; besides OHG raba, Bayr. Kohlraben (influenced by Lat. rāpa?), Slav., e.g. R.-CSl. rěpa, Russ. répa f. (IE * rēp or secondary derailment?; cf. Machek Ling. Posn. 2, 158 ff.); here further, with ᾰ and almost general aspiration, Gr. ῥάπυς, ῥάφυς, ῥάφανος (on the formation above). Already because of the lacking prothet. vowel ῥάπυς etc. cannot be an IE heritage; to be rejected Carnoy REGr. 71, 98 and Ant. class. 24, 22. (Quite on themselves stand Celt. forms like Welsh erfin pl. `turnips'). -- The transer of the old word for `turnip' to black radish and cabbage will be due to the decline of the cultivation of the turnip in Greece; for `turbip' a new word, γογγυλίς, came into use. Details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 341, Pok. 852, W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; on the facts also Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 612 and 2, 251. -- The variation π\/φ, and the suffix - αν-, show that the word is Pre-Greek.

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Ῥαιφάν, ὁ indecl. (the form of the word differs considerably in the mss., freq. w. infixed nasal: Ῥομφάν [-άμ], Ῥεμφάν [-άμ,-α], and the like; the mss. of the LXX are not in full agreement [Ῥαιφαν, Ῥεμφαν; s. ed. JZiegler ’43]. Ῥαφάν Just., D. 22, 3). Rephan, Rompha, a deity worshipped by some Israelites, put by the LXX in Am 5:26 in the place of כִּיּוּן (=Saturn; cp. CD 7:15, 17); this is quoted in Ac 7:43.—WGrafBaudissin, RE XVI 1905, 636–49; RBorger, ZAW 100, ’88, 70–81 (lit.; Haenchen, Bruce ad loc.).