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1 ὑπό
ὑπό, ὑπαί (cf. sub): under. — I. adv., underneath, below, beneath, of motion or rest, ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν (‘for the feet’) ἥσει, Il. 14.240; ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν, Od. 1.131; χεῦεν ὕπο ῥῶπας, Od. 16.47; often to indicate the position of parts of the body (in ‘plastic’ style as if one were looking at a picture up and down), ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (the knees ‘beneath him’), ὑπὸ δ' ἔτρεμε γυῖα, Il. 10.390; sometimes causal, thereunder, thereby, Od. 8.380, Il. 8.4; thus to denote accompaniment in music, λίνον δ' ὑπὸ κᾶλὸν ἄειδεν (to it, the harp), Il. 18.570, Od. 21.411. — II. prep., (1) w. gen., of position or motion; under, out or forth from under; ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ἐλεῖν, κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι, Od. 5.346, and thus often w. verbs of hitting; ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους, ‘from beneath,’ Od. 9.141; then of agency, influence, by, through, in consequence of; δαμῆναι, θνήσκειν ὑπό τινος (‘at the hands of’), φεύγειν ὑπό τινος (‘before’), Il. 18.149 ; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης (‘from necessity,’ ‘perforce’), ὑπὸ δείους (‘for’), ὑπὸ φρῖκὸς Βορέω, Il. 23.692. — (2) w. dat., of position, under, and w. verbs of motion when the resulting position of rest is chiefly in mind, πίπτειν, τιθέναι τι ὑπό τινι, χ , Il. 16.378; instrumental or causal, under (not ‘by’ as w. the gen., but rather denoting subjection), ὑπὸ χερσί τινος θανέειν, ὀλέσαι ψῦχήν, γήραι ὕπο ἆρημένος, Od. 11.136; of power, mastery, δέδμητο λᾶὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ, γ 3, Il. 24.636; and of accompanying circumstances, ὑπὸ πομπῇ (‘under the guidance’), πνοιῇ ὕπο (‘with the breeze’), Od. 4.402. — (3) w. acc., of motion (or extension), under, but often where the idea of motion is quite faint, ζώειν ὑπ' αὐγᾶς ἠελίοιο, thinking of the duration of life, Od. 15.349, Il. 5.267; of time, during, Il. 16.202, Il. 22.102.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὑπό
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2 γόνυ
γόνυ, gen. γούνατος and γουνός, pl. γούνατα and γοῦνα, gen. γούνων, dat. γούνασι and γούνεσσι: knee; γόνυ κάμπτειν, phrase for sitting down to rest, ἐπὶ γούνεσσι καθίσσᾶς, taking upon the ‘lap,’ Il. 9.488, Il. 5.370; freq. as typical of physical strength, εἰσόκε μοι φίλα γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ, so long as my ‘knees can spring,’ so long as my strength shall last; but oftenest of suddenly failing strength, swooning, death, πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (Helen caused the death of many men); λύτο γούνατα, Od. 4.703, ‘knees were relaxed,’ of Penelope. From the custom of embracing the knees in supplication come the phrases γοῦνα or γούνων λαβεἶν, ἅψασθαι, ὑπὲρ γούνων or γούνων λίσσεσθαι, ‘by’ the knees, ‘by your life’; hence θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, ‘rests with’ the gods, ‘in the gift’ of the gods, Od. 1.267.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > γόνυ
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3 γόνυ
γόνῠ, τό, gen. γόνατος, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. γούνατος (for γόνϝατος) Il.21.591, Hdt.2.80: pl. nom.Aγούνατα Il.5.176
, Hes.Op. 587, Hdt.1.199, Schwyzer694.7 (Chios, iv B. C.), gen.γουνάτων Hdt.9.76
, dat.γούνασι Il.9.455
, Hdt.4.152 (also Pi.I.2.26),γονάτεσσι Theoc.16.11
, Epigr.Gr. 782 (Halic.); also [dialect] Ep. gen. γουνός (expl. as for γόνυος by Hdn.Gr.2.768, A.D.Synt.342.9) Il.11.547: pl.γοῦνα 6.511
;γούνων 1.407
, al.: dat.γούνεσσι 9.488
, al. (v.l. γούνασσι):—[dialect] Aeol. acc. pl.γόνα Alc.39.7
(prob.), but γόννα acc. to St.Byz. s.v. Γόννοι, Eust.335.39: gen. pl.γόνων Alc.Supp.10
:E hasγουνάτων Hec.752
, 839,γούνασι Supp.285
(lyr.), Andr.529 (lyr.), but not γουνός ( γοῦν' acc. pl. was read by Sch. in Ph.852): gen. pl. γεύνων, Hsch.:— knee,γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων Il.11.547
, etc.: freq. of clasping the knees in earnest supplication,ἥψατο γούνων 1.512
;ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν γούνων 21.71
, 1.407, etc.;τῶν γουνάτων λαβέσθαι Hdt.9.76
; ποτὶ (v.l. περὶ ) orἀμφὶ γούνασί τινος χεῖρας βαλεῖν Od.6.310
, 7.142; , cf. Ph. 1622, etc.;τὰ σὰ γούναθ' ἱκάνομαι Il.18.457
, cf. Od.7.147, etc.; ;ἀντίος ἤλυθε γούνων Il.20.463
;γόνυ σὸν ἀμπίσχειν χερί E.Supp. 165
;σοῖς προστίθημι γόνασιν ὠλένας Id.Andr. 895
; ἐς γούνατά τινι orτινος πεσεῖν Hdt.5.86
, S.OC 1607;ἀμφὶ γόνυ τινὸς πίπτειν E.Hec. 787
; γόνυ τινός or πρὸς γόνυ προσπίπτειν ib. 339, HF79;γόνασί τινος προσπίπτειν Id.Or. 1332
(but προσπίτνω σε γόνασιν on my knees, S.Ph. 485); πίπτειν πρὸς τὰ γ. τινος, tini, Lys.1.19, D.19.198; alsoγούνων λίσσεσθαι Il.9.451
;ἐλλιτανεύειν Od.10.481
;γουνάζεσθαι Il.22.345
;ἄντεσθαι πρὸς τῶν γονάτων E.Med. 710
;ἱκετεῦσαι πρὸς τ. γ. D.58.70
.2 of a sitting posture, φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γ. κάμψειν will be glad to bend the knee so as to sit down and rest, Il.7.118, cf. 19.72; but also, bow the knee in submission, ἐμοὶ κάμψει (intr.)πᾶν γ. LXX Is.45.23
; γ. ὀκλάζειν τινί ib.3 Ki.19.18, v. sub κάμπτω: ἐπὶ γούνασι on one's knees,ἐπὶ γούνασι πατρός Il.22.500
;ποτὶ γ. 5.408
; ;σ' ἐπ' ἐμοῖσι.. γούνεσσι καθίσσας 9.488
;τόν ῥά οἱ.. ἐπὶ γούνασι θῆκεν Od.19.401
; ; πέπλον.. θεῖναι Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν to lay it on her lap (as an offering), Il.6.92, cf. Schwyzer l.c.: hence metaph., θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται it rests in the lap of.., Il.17.514, Od.1.267, etc.; but ἐν γούνασιν πίτνοντα Νίκας victorious, Pi.I.2.26.3 of the knees as the seat of strength,ἐν δὲ βίην ὤμοισι καὶ ἐν γούνεσσιν ἔθηκε Il.17.569
; of swiftness,λαιψηρά γ. 22.204
, etc.; γούνατά τινος λύειν disable, kill him, 5.176, etc.;ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλυσεν 11.579
; βλάπτειν γ. τινι, ka/matos d' u(po\ g. e)da/mna, 7.271, 21.52:—[voice] Pass.,αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα 21.114
, etc.4 metaph., ἐς γόνυ βάλλειν bring down upon the knee, i. e. humble, conquer, Hdt.6.27; ἐς γ. ῥίπτειν, κλίνειν, App.BC3.20,30;ἐς γ. ἐλθεῖν Procop.Arc.14
, Pers.1.17;Ἀσία δὲ χθὼν.. ἐπὶ γόνυ κέκλιται A.Pers. 931
(lyr.).5 prov., ἀπωτέρω ἢ γόνυ κνάμα 'blood is thicker than water', 'charity begins at home', Theoc.16.18;γ. κνήμης ἔγγιον Arist.EN 1168b8
, Ath.9.383b. -
4 λύω
λύω, poet. imper.Aλῦθι Pi.Fr.85
: [tense] fut. λύσω [ῡ] Il.1.29, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔλῡσα 18.244
, etc.: [tense] pf.λέλῠκα Th.7.18
, Ar.V. 992 ( ἀπο-), etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] pf.λέλῠμαι Il.8.103
, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ] Od.22.186, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐλύθην, [dialect] Ep. λύθην [ῠ] 8.360, E.Hel. 860, Th.2.103, etc.: [tense] fut. , Isoc.12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ] D.14.2, X. Cyr.6.2.37 ( ἀπο-): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. λύμην [ῠ] Il.21.80; λύτο [ῠ] ib. 114, butλῦτο 24.1
(at beginning of line, v.l. λύτο);λύντο 7.16
: also [ per.] 3sg. opt. [tense] pf.λελῦτο Od.18.238
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.λύσομαι Il.1.13
, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐλυσάμην 14.214
: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. λέλῦμαι in med. sense, D.36.45, Arist.Rh. 1400a22 (cf. δια-, κατα-λύω): [tense] fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, ( δια-) Th.2.12, ( ἐπι-) Lys.25.33 codd. ( καταλύσεσθαι edd.), ( κατα-) X.Cyr.1.6.9.—Homer uses all tenses exc. [tense] pf. [voice] Act., [tense] pres. and [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. [In [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [pron. full] ῡ always in [dialect] Att., [pron. full] ῠ mostly in [dialect] Ep., though Hom. has [pron. full] ῡ twice,ἔλῡεν Il.23.513
, λῡει Od.7.74; also in compds.,ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105
, ἀλλῡουσαν ib. 109: in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1 [pron. full] ῡ always: in other tenses [pron. full] ῠ always, exc. in the forms λελῦτο, λῦτο (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. luo (pay), re-luo, solvo (for se-luo), solūtus, etc.):— loosen:I of things, unbind, unfasten, esp. clothes and armour, λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα, Il.4.215, 16.804; λ. παρθενίην ζώνην loose the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, Od. 11.245; of the wife,λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi.I.8(7).48
; ; soἔλυσας.. ἅγνευμα σόν Id.Tr. 501
; freq. of the tackling of ships, λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος, etc., Od.2.418, 15.496, 552, h.Ap. 406, etc. (never in Il.); λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα, E.Hec. 539, 1020, etc.: abs., λύειν, of ships, set sail,λῦε, κυβερνήτα APl.1.6
*.9 ([place name] Panteleus); ἀσκὸν λ. untie a skin (used as a bag), Od.10.47: freq. in Trag., λ. στολάς, πέπλον, S.OC 1597, Tr. 924; λ. ἡνίαν slacken the rein, Id.El. 743; κλῄθρων λυθέντων when the gates have been opened, A.Th. 396; λ. γράμματα, δέλτον, open a letter, E.IA38 (anap.), 307; λ. πέδας, δεσμά, A.Eu. 645 ([voice] Pass.), E.HF 1123; ; ἀρτάνας.. δέρης ἔλυσαν loosed it from my neck, ib. 876, cf. E.Hipp. 781:—[voice] Med., ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il.14.214; but λύοντο τεύχεα they undid the armour for themselves, i.e. stripped it off (others), 17.318; later λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας unbinding her hair, Bion 1.20, etc.b in various phrases, στόμα λ. open the mouth, E.Hipp. 1060, Isoc.12.96;γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9
D.; λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν wake up, E.Rh.8 (anap.); λ. ὀφρύν unfold the brow, Id.Hipp. 290;λ. ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων S.Aj. 706
(lyr.), etc.2 of living beings,a of horses, etc., unyoke, unharness, opp. ζεύγνυμι, Od.4.35; ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, Il.5.369,8.504;ὑφ' ἅρμασιν 18.244
;ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od.4.39
:ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il.24.576
;ὑπ' ἀπήνης Od.7.6
(also in [voice] Med., μὴ.. ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους unyoke our horses, Il. 23.7; ); λύε μώνυχας ἵππους loosed them, Il.10.498; λ. κύνα let him loose, X.Cyn.6.13, etc.b of men, release, deliver, esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il.15.22, Od.8.345, 12.53, D.24.206, etc.; ὁ λύσων he that shall deliver, A.Pr. 771, 785: c. gen. rei,τὸν.. θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od.5.397
, cf. Pi.P.3.50, etc.;λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν A.Pr. 1006
; ;τὼ.. ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od.8.360
, cf. Pi.O.4.23, A.Pr. 873, E.Hipp. 1244, Pl.R. 360c; also λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος rob the house of.., Pi.P.11.34; λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς depose him from.., D.S.13.92:—[voice] Med., prop. get one loosed or set free,λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes.Th. 528
;ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A.Supp. 1065
(lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S.17.116
; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς has been let loose to speak, since the yoke was loosed, A.Pers. 592 (lyr.).c of prisoners, release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release, Il.1.29, 24.137, 555, etc.;λ. τινά τινι 1.20
, 24.561, Od.10.298; Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν would give them up, Il.17.163; in full,λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106
;χρημάτων μεγάλων Hdt.2.135
([voice] Pass.);ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th.5.3
:—[voice] Med., release by payment of ransom, get a person released, redeem, Il.1.13, 24.118, al., Od.10.284, 385, Pl.Mx. 243c, D.19.229;λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys.12.20
;ἵππον X.An.7.8.6
;ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D.19.169
;λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id.50.28
; ἑαυτοὺς λ. pay their own ransom, Id.19.169; buy from a pimp, Ar.V. 1353.d λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων, = Lat. legibus solvi, D.C.53.18.II resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν dissolve the assembly, Il.1.305;ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od.2.69
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,λῦτο δ' ἀγών Il.24.1
;μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά X.Cyr.6.1.2
; πρὶν <ἂν>.. ἡ ἀγορὰ ( market)λυθῇ Id.Oec. 12.1
;λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb.5.15.3
.2 of concrete objects, σπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il.2.135;ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od.22.186
; λ. τὴν σχεδίην break it up, Hdt.4.97; [ τὴν γέφυραν] X. An.2.4.17; τὴν ἀπόφραξιν ib.4.2.25.3 esp. of physical strength, loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, Il.4.469, al.;ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα 22.335
; , etc.;ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332
;πέλεκυς λῦσεν.. βοὸς μένος Od.3.450
, cf. Il.17.29; but οἵ μοι καμάτῳ.. γούνατ' ἔλυσαν made my knees weak with toil, Od.20.118:—[voice] Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.;καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85
, cf. Od.8.233;αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il.21.114
, 425;λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296
, etc.;λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od.4.794
, 18.189;λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A.Pers. 913
(anap.);λύεται δέ μου μέλη E.Hec. 438
;λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id.Hipp. 199
(anap.).b λύει βλέφαρα closes her eyes in sleep, S.Ant. 1302.c metaph.,λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X.HG7.5.22
.4 undo, bring to naught, destroy,πολίων κάρηνα Il.9.25
;Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100
, Od.13.388, cf. B.Fr.16.7: generally, put an end to,νείκεα Il.14.205
;μελεδήματα 23.62
;ἔριν E.Ph.81
, AP9.316.12 (Leon.);πόλεμον Th.5.31
;ἐπιμομφάν Pi.O.10(11).9
;μέμψιν Democr.271
; ; φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν Polystr.p.7 W., cf. Epicur.Sent.12; ;ἀνάγκας E.Supp.39
; βίον, i.e. die, Id.IT 692; αἰῶν' ἔλυσε, i.e. died, B.1.43;λ. τὸ τέλος βίον S.OC 1720
(lyr.); μαχας Ar. Pax 991 (anap.);νοσήματα Diocl.Fr.35
([voice] Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476;κόπους Dsc.Eup.1.220
; forgive,ἁμαρτήματα LXXJb.42.9
.b in Prose, λ. νόμους repeal or annul laws, Hdt.3.82, D.3.10, Arist.Pol. 1269a15; οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ib. 1298b31;λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197
([voice] Pass.), etc.;ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X.An.3.1.21
; rescind a vote,ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D.24.2
; revoke a will,διαθήκην Is.6.33
, etc. (but in [voice] Pass., to be opened, of a will, POxy.715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); unbind a spell, Iamb.Myst.3.27:—[voice] Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, all is in confusion, D.25.25.c as a technical term, solve a difficulty, a problem, a question,λύεται ἡ ἀπορία Pl.Prt. 324e
, al.;λ. ζήτημα Gal.6.436
.f λ. τὴν φάσιν, of the Moon, pass out of, Vett. Val.134.1, cf. 2.5 break a legal agreement or obligation,τὸν νόμον Hdt.6.106
;τὰς σπονδάς Th.1.23
, 78, cf. 4.23, al.;τὰ συγκείμενα Lys.6.41
; σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση whoso breaks this agreement, Inscr.Cypr.135.29 H.6 in physical sense, dissolve, λύθεν, opp. πάγεν, Emp.15.4; τὸ θερμὸν λύει, opp. πήγνυσι, Arist.Mete. 384b11, cf. 382b33 ([voice] Pass.);ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106
; melt,παγείσας χιόνας Hdn.8.4.2
;τι πυρὶ λ. Hippiatr.52
.7 of medicines,λ. τὴν κοιλίαν Arist.Pr. 863b29
, cf. Hp.Acut.(Sp.)38, Diocl.Fr.140; so of the effects of terror, Arist.Pr. 877a32 ([voice] Pass.).IV atone for, make up for,τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.Ra.
691;λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον S.Ph. 1224
;λ. φόνον φόνῳ Id.OT 101
, E. Or. 511;αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph.32.5
:—[voice] Med.,τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα.. δίκαις A.Ch. 804
(lyr.).V μισθὸν λύειν pay wages in full, quit oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X.Ages.2.31.2 τέλη λύειν, = λυσιτελεῖν, pay, profit. avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, S.OT 316: but more freq. λύει without τέλη, construed like λυσιτελεῖ, abs.,λύει δ' ἄλγος E.Med. 1362
, cf. PSI4.400.16: c. dat. pers., , cf.Hipp. 441: c. inf., πῶς οὖν λύει.. ἐπιβάλλειν; Id.Med. 1112 (anap.); ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι it is good for me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib. 566; (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ,.. θανεῖν it is not expedient that we should die ( οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ being parenthetic), S.El. 1005;οὐ γάρ με λύει.. κακορροθεῖσθαι E.Sthen.Prol.35
; cf. λυσιτελέω.
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