ἰσχυρῶ

ἰσχῡρῶ, ἰσχυρός

strong: masc /neut gen sg (doric aeolic)

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: pres subj act 1st sg

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: pres ind act 1st sg

ἰσχῡρῷ, ἰσχυρός

strong: masc /neut dat sg

ἰ̱σχύρω, ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἰ̱σχύρω, ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἰσχυρόω

strengthen: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

Βλ. λ. ισχυρώ

Βλ. λ. ισχυρώ

ἐφίημι, [dialect] Ion. ἐπ-, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.

A

ἐφίητι Pi.I.2.9

, [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἐπιεῖσι Hdt.4.30

: [tense] fut.

ἐφήσω Od. 13.376

: [tense] aor. 1 ind. ἐφῆκα, [dialect] Ep.

ἐφέηκα 9.38

, lon.

ἐπῆκα Hdt.5.63

; in other moods [tense] aor. 2 forms were used, imper.

ἔφες Il.5.174

; [dialect] Ep. subj.

ἐφείω 1.567

, [ per.] 2sg.

ἐφῇς S.El. 554

, opt.

ἐφείην Il.18.124

; [dialect] Ion. inf.

ἐπειναι Hdt.2.100

; part.

ἐφείς S.Aj. 495

(v.l.), etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres. inf.

ἐφίεσθαι Antipho 5.79

; part.

ἐφιέμενος Od.13.7

: [tense] fut.

ἐφήσομαι Il.23.82

: [tense] aor. 2

ἐφεῖτο S.Ph. 619

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἐφέωται and

ἐφεῖται Hsch.

: [ ἐφῐημι [dialect] Ep., ἐφῑημι [dialect] Att.; yet Hom. always uses ἐφιείς, ἐφίει, ἐφῑέμενος with [pron. full] [ῑ], exc.

ἐφῐει Od.24.180

]:— send to one,

Πριάμῳ.. Ἶριν ἐφήσω Il.24.117

; μ' ἐφέηκε.. καλέειν sent me to call, A.R.1.712.

2 in Hom., c. inf., set on, incite to do,

ἠλεός, ὅς τ' ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ μάλ' ἀεῖσαι Od.14.464

; so ἐ. τινὰ ἐχθοδοπῆσαι, χαλεπῆναι, στοναχῆσαι, Il.1.518, 18.108, 124.

3 of things, throw or launch at one,

ὅς τοι πρῶτος ἐφῆκε βέλος 16.812

;

ἄλλοις ἐφίει βέλεα Od.24.180

, etc.; [ἔγχος], μελίην, Il.20.346, 21.170;

οἰστὸν ἐπί τινι E.Med. 632

(lyr.); ἐ. χεῖράς τινι to lay hands on him,

μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσω Od.20.39

, cf.Il.1.567, etc.

4 of events, destinies, etc., send upon one,

τοῖσιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφῆκε 4.396

, etc.;

Ἀργείοισι πολύστονα κήδε' ἐφῆκεν 1.445

, cf. 21.524;

μνηστήρεσσιν ἄεθλον τοῦτον ἐφήσω Od. 19.576

; νόστον.., ὅν μοι Ζεὺς ἐφέηκε which he hath laid upon me, 9.38; so

πάντ' ἐφήσω μόρον A.Eu. 502

(lyr.);

τέκνοις ἀρὰς ἐ. Id.Th. 786

(lyr.).

5 send against, in hostile sense,

τῷ στρατοπέδῳ τὴν ἵππον Hdt.5.63

;

τὴν ἵππον ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας Id.9.49

;

ἡνίοχοι ἐφίεσαν ὠκέας ἵππους Hes.Sc. 307

;

στρατὸν ἐς πεδία E.Heracl. 393

.

6 let in, freq. of water,

ἐπεῖναι τὸν ποταμὸν ἐπὶ τὴν χώρην Hdt.7.130

, cf. 2.100;

τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τὴν ἔσοδον Id.7.176

; also

ἐ. ἀκτῖνα Θήβαισι E.Ph.5

;

ἀγέλας ἐπὶ τὰ χωρία X.Cyr.1.1.2

; ἄγαν ἐφῆκας γλώσσαν did'st let loose, E. Andr. 954;

ὀργήν τινι ἐ. Pl.Lg. 731d

.

7 throw into,

ἐς λέβητ' ἐφῆκεν ἕψεσθαι μέλη E.Cyc. 404

.

II let go, loosen, esp. the rein,

ἐ. καὶ χαλάσαι τὰς ἡνίας τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Prt. 338a

; οὐρία ἐφέντα (abs.) ibid.; πᾶσαν ἐφεὶς ὀθόνην [τῷ ἀνέμῳ] AP10.1 (Leon.), cf.A.R.2.934.

b give up, yield,

τινὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν Th.1.95

;

πάντ' ἐφέντες ἡδονήν E.Fr. 564

; allow,

τἆλλα τοῖς δούλοις Arist.Pol. 1264a21

.

c c. inf., permit, allow,

τινὶ ὀνειδίσαι Hdt.1.90

, cf.3.113;

σοί γ' ἐφῆκα πᾶν λέγειν S.El. 631

; ἢν ἐφῇς μοι (sc. λέγειν) ib. 554, cf. 556, 649: c. acc. et inf.,

τοὺς νεωτέρους ἐ. διώκειν X.Cyr.4.2.24

(v.l. for ἀφ-):—[voice] Pass., ἐφεθήσεταί τινι c. inf., Luc.Pr.Im.24.

d command, Pi.I.2.9 (v.infr.B).

2 give up, leave as a prey,

ἐφῆκεν ἐλλοῖς ἰχθύσιν διαφθοράν S.Aj. 1297

, cf. 495 (v.l.);

τὴν ἀποσκευὴν ἐ. τοῖς στρατιώταις διαρπάσαι D.S.14.75

; intr. (sc. ἑαυτόν), give oneself up to,

ἰσχυρῷ γέλωτι Pl.R. 388e

; [ παιδιᾷ] Id.Ti. 59c.

III put the male to the female,

ἐπῆκε ὀχεῦσαι τὸν ἵππον Hdt.3.85

, cf. 4.30, Arist.HA 630b33.

IV as law-term, leave to another to decide, refer,

δίκας ἐ. εἴς τινας D.40.31

; εἰς δικαστήριον ibid.; ἐ. τινὰ εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον refer him to.., Id.34.21; (sc. ἑαυτόν) appeal,

εἰς τοὺς δικαστάς Id.29.59

;

ἐπί τινα Luc.

Bis Acc.4;

εἰς ἕτερον δικαστήριον Id.Herm.30

;

ἀπό τινος D.C.64.2

: abs., Id.37.27.

B [voice] Med., lay one's command or behest upon,

ὑμέων δ' ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἐφιέμενος τάδε εἴρω Od.13.7

, cf. Il.23.82, 24.300;

ἐπιστολὰς ἅς σοι πατὴρ ἐφεῖτο A.Pr.4

; πρός τι τοῦτ' ἐφίεσαι; S.OT 766: c. inf.,

ἐ. τινὶ ἀγγεῖλαι Id.El. 1111

, cf. Ar.V. 242; χαίρειν τἀλλ' ἐγώ σ' ἐ. I bid thec have thy will, S.Aj. 112, cf. A.Ch. 1039: abs.,

ὡς ἐφίεσαι Id.Pers. 228

(troch.), cf.E.IT 1483; ἐ. ἐς Λακεδαίμονα send or ders to.., Th.4.108.

2 allow or permit one to do,

κάρα τέμνειν ἐφεῖτο τῷ θέλοντι S.Ph. 619

; f.l. for ὑφ- in X.An.6.6.31, etc.

II c. gen., aim at, καλῶν lsoc.2.25;

ἀγαθοῦ τινος Arist.EN 1094a2

, etc.; in fighting, τῶν προσώπων, τῶν ὅψεων, Plu.Pomp.71, Caes.45.

2 long for, desire, τί μοι τῶν δυσφόρων ἐφίῃ; S.El. 143 (lyr.); τί.. ἐφίεσαι φιλοτιμίας; E.Ph. 531;

τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Antipho 5.79

; τῶν κερδῶν, ἀρχῆς, Th.1.8, 128;

τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ ἀγαθῶν Id.4.61

;

ἰσότητος Arist.Pol. 1302a25

: c. gen. pers., X.Mem.4.1.2: c. inf.,

ὧν.. σου τυχεῖν ἐφίεμαι ἄκουσον S.Ph. 1315

;

ἐ. ἄρξειν Th.6.6

codd. (leg. ἄρξαι): c. acc. et inf., S.OT 1055.

κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. ‘head’.

① the part of the body that contains the brain, head

ⓐ of humans, animals, and transcendent beings. Humans: Mt 5:36 (on swearing by the head s. Athen. 2, 72, 66c; Test12Patr; PGM 4, 1917; cp. Juvenal, Satires 6, 16f); 6:17; 14:8, 11; 26:7; 27:29f; Mk 6:24f, 27f; 14:3; 15:19; Lk 7:46; J 13:9; 19:2; 20:7; 1 Cor 11:4b (JMurphy-O’Connor, CBQ 42, ’80, 485 [lit.] ‘his head’=‘himself’), 5ab, 7, 10; 12:21; Rv 18:19 (cp. Josh 7:6; La 2:10); 1 Cl 37:5; 56:5 (Ps 140:5); B 13:5 (Gen 48:14); Hm 11:20; Papias (3:2 [not g and h]); GJs 2:4; 9:1; AcPl Ha 11, 1.—Animals: B 7:8 (of the scapegoat Lev 16; cp. vs. 21).—In apocal. presentations in connection w. human figures: Rv 1:14; 4:4; 9:7 12:1; 14:14; 19:12; w. animals: 9:7, 17, 19; 12:3 (s. δράκων); 13:1, 3; 17:3, 7, 9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 50 K.=26 p. 517 D.: ὤφθη τὸ ἕδος [of Asclepius] τρεῖς κεφαλὰς ἔχον. A person sees himself in a dream provided with a plurality of heads Artem. 1, 35 p. 37, 14: δύο ἔχειν κεφαλὰς ἢ τρεῖς. Also the many-headed dog Cerberus of the underworld in Hesiod, Theog. 311 al. as well as Heraclit. Sto. 33 p. 49, 14); Hv 4, 1, 6; 10; of angels Rv 10:1.—The hair(s) of the head (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 223) Mt 10:30; Lk 7:38, 44 v.l.; 12:7; 21:18; Ac 27:34. τὴν κ. κλίνειν lay down the head to sleep Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58. Sim. J 19:30 (s. Hdb. ad loc.). κινεῖν τὴν κ. (s. κινέω 2a) Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:8); ἐπαίρειν τὴν κ. (s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 21:28; shear the head, i.e. cut the hair as a form of a vow Ac 21:24; cp. 18:18. Of baptism ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ D 7:3. Of the anointing of Jesus’ head IEph 17:1. κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have (someth.) on the head (s. κατά A 1a) 1 Cor 11:4a; also w. specification of object ἐπὶ w. gen. Rv 14:14; Hv 4, 1, 10; or εἰς 4, 3, 1. ἐπάνω τῆς κ. above his head Mt 27:37. Also πρὸς τῇ κ. J 20:12. (ἀστὴρ) ἔστη ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3 (cp. Mt 2:9).—Well-known expr. fr. the OT: ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τινος Ro 12:20 (s. ἄνθραξ). A curse-formula: τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν your blood be on your own heads (s. αἷμα 2a and cp. Demosth., Ep. 4, 10 τ. ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσι; 6, 1; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1d; Aesop, Fab. 206 P.=372 H./313 Ch./222 H-H. ὸ̔ θέλεις σὺ τούτοις ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ γένοιτο; Phalaris, Ep. 102 εἰς κεφαλὴν σοί τε καὶ τῷ σῷ γένει)=you are responsible for your own destruction Ac 18:6; cp. GPt 5:17.

ⓑ in imagery οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κ. σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν you have not bowed your head under the mighty hand (of God) GJs 15:4. Of pers. (Plut., Galba 1054 [4, 3] G. as κ. ἰσχυρῷ σώματι, namely of the Galatian territories) Christ the κ. of the ἐκκλησία thought of as a σῶμα Col 1:18; cp. 2:19 (Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 25 ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπερέχει τοῦ παντὸς σώματος; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 215 ἡ κεφαλὴ συνέχει πᾶν τὸ σῶμα); Christ and Christians as head and members ITr 11:2. (SBedale, JTS 5, ’54, 211–15; New Docs 3, 45f [lit.]; not ‘source’: JFitzmyer, NTS 35, ’89, 503–11.) S. mng. 2a.

② a being of high status, head, fig. (of Asclepius IG II², 4514, 6; in gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 5, 3 [Harv. I 45, 13]. ὁ μέγας ἄρχων, ἡ κ. τοῦ κόσμου Hippol., Ref. 7, 23, 3).

ⓐ in the case of living beings, to denote superior rank (cp. Artem. 4, 24 p. 218, 8 ἡ κ. is the symbol of the father; Judg 11:11; 2 Km 22:44) head (Zosimus of Ashkelon [500 A.D.] hails Demosth. as his master: ὦ θεία κεφαλή [Biogr. p. 297]) of the father as head of the family Hs 7, 3; of the husband in relation to his wife 1 Cor 11:3b; Eph 5:23a. Of Christ in relation to the Christian community Eph 4:15; 5:23b. But Christ is the head not only of the body of Christians, but of the universe as a whole: κ. ὑπὲρ πάντα Eph 1:22, and of every cosmic power κ. πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας the head of all might and power Col 2:10. The divine influence on the world results in the series (for the growing distance from God with corresponding results cp. Ps.-Aristot. De Mundo 6, 4): God the κ. of Christ, Christ the κ. of man, the man the κ. of the woman 1 Cor 11:3cab (s. on γυνή 1). JFitzmyer, Int 47, ’93, 52–59.

ⓑ of things the uppermost part, extremity, end, point (Pappus of Alex., mathematician [IV A.D.] in the 8th book [ed. CGerhardt 1871 p. 379 τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ κοχλίου=at the point of the screw; Judg 9:25; En 17:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 48, Ant. 3, 146; oft. pap of plots of ground) κ. γωνίας the cornerstone (so M‘Neile, Mt ad loc.; REB ( main) corner-stone, and w. proper omission of the alternative rendering at 1 Pt 2:7 in NEB mg.; the cornerstone thus forms the farthest extension [cp. PFlor 50, 83] of the corner, though JJeremias, Αγγελος I 1925, 65–70, ZNW 29, 1930, 264–80, TW IV 277–79 thinks of it as the capstone above the door; so also OMichel, TW IV 892, V 129 [difft. 151]; KSchelkle, RAC I 233f; RMcKelvey, NTS 8, ’62, 352–59 [lit. 353 n. 1–3]. S. HGressmann, PJ 6, 1910, 38–45; GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 22, 1921, 470ff. For another view s. lit. s.v. ἀκρογωνιαῖος) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17 (on these three pass. s. JDerrett, TU 102, ’68, 180–86); Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (Selwyn ad loc.: “extremity and not height is the point connoted”); B 6:4 (all Ps 117:22).—κ.= capital (city) (Appian, Illyr. 19 §54) Ac 16:12 D (but ‘frontier city’ AClark, Acts of the Apostles ’33, 362–65 and JLarsen, CTM 17, ’46, 123–25).—B. 212. Schmidt, Syn. I 361–69. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἰσχυρός, ά, όν (s. ἰσχύς, ἰσχύω; Aeschyl.+) comp. ἰσχυρότερος (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; Ar. 1, 2; Just., D. 103, 3; Ath. 34, 2) gener. ‘strong, mighty, powerful’.

① pert. to being strong physically, mentally, or spiritually, strong, of living beings

ⓐ of transcendent beings: of God (SIG 216, 1 [IV B.C.] ἰσχυρῷ θειῷ [=θεῷ s. note 4] Σανέργει; Dt 10:17; 2 Macc 1:24 and oft.; TestSol C 12, 3; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 307; PGM 10, 11; 12, 374; 36, 105; Just., D. 103, 3) Rv 18:8. Of angels (PGM 3, 71f ἄγγελος κραταιὸς κ. ἰσχυρός) 5:2; 10:1; 18:21. Of Christ 1 Cor 10:22; cp. also Lk 11:22 (s. below on Lk 11:21). Of the one to come after John the Baptist ἰσχυρότερός μου (cp. Judg 5:13 A; PGM 13, 202) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. τὸ ἀσθενὲς τ. θεοῦ ἰσχυρότερον τ. ἀνθρώπων 1 Cor 1:25 (cp. Philo, Ebr. 186 τὸ ἀσθενές … τὸ ἰ.). Of Satan, who may be the ἰσχυρός of the parable Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 11:21 (cp. PGM 5, 147 the δαίμων, who calls himself ἰσχυρός, and the ἰσχυρός of 13, 203 who, acc. to 197 is ἔνοπλος, as well as the Φόβος καθωπλισμένος 528 fighting the ἰσχυρότερος 543; Mel., P. 102, 783). In case Satan is not meant, these passages, together w. Lk 11:22 (s. above) belong under b below.

ⓑ of human beings (opp. ἀσθενής as Philo, Somn. 1, 155; Tat. 32, 2f) 1 Cor 4:10; Agr. 4.—1J 2:14; Hs 9, 15, 1. ἰ. ἐν πολέμῳ mighty in war Hb 11:34. ἐν τῇ πίστει Hv 3, 5, 5; m 11, 4. οἱ ἰσχυροί (Ps.-X., Constitution of Athens 1, 14; 4 Km 24:15 codd.; Da 8:24 Theod.) Rv 6:15; 19:18. ὁ ἰ. 1 Cl 13:1 (Jer 9:22); 38:2. Even the neut. τὰ ἰσχυρά refers to persons 1 Cor 1:27.

② pert. to being high on a scale of extent as respects strength or impression that is made, violent, loud, mighty, etc., of things (cp. IAndrosIsis, Kyme 16 of justice) ἄνεμος violent (TestSol 6:1 D; Dio Chrys. 60 and 61 [77 and 78], 7 χειμὼν ἰ.) Mt 14:30 v.l.; βροντή loud Rv 19:6. κραυγή Hb 5:7. φόβος Hm 7:4 (=the fear of the Lord is very productive). πίστις 9:7, 10. μετάνοια Hs 7:6. λίθος solid, mighty (Sir 6:21) B 6:2. πέτρας ἰ. B 11:5 (Is 33:16). λιμός a severe famine Lk 15:14 (cp. Petosiris, Fgm. 6, ln. 49 λιμὸς ἰ.; Hdt. 1, 94; SIG 495, 59 [c. 230 B.C.] σιτοδείας γενομένης ἰσχυρᾶς; Gen 41:31). πόλις mighty (Is 26:1 v.l.; TestJud 5:1) Rv 18:10 (cp. also τεῖχος X., Cyr. 7, 5, 7; 1 Macc 1:33 v.l. Kappler; πύργος Judg 9:51 B). φωνή loud (Aesop. Fab. 420 P. ἰσχυρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ; Ex 19:19; Da 6:21 Theod.) Rv 18:2; παράκλησις ἰ. strong encouragement Hb 6:18. ἰσχυροτέρας ἀποκαλύψεις more meaningful revelations Hv 3, 10, 8. ῥῆμα mighty 1, 3, 4. (W. βέβαια and τεθεμελιωμένα) πάντα ἰσχυρά everything is secure 3, 4, 3. θέσις Hv 3, 13, 3. (W. βαρεῖαι, as TestJud 9:2) ἐπιστολαί weighty and strong (cp. X., Cyr. 3, 3, 48; Wsd 6:8) letters 2 Cor 10:10. Avoided in J (s. MBoismard, Le chaiptre 21 de StJean: RB 54, ’47, 491).—B. 295. DELG s.v. ἰσχύς. M-M. TW.