συμμᾰχ-έω

Σύμμαχε, Σύμμαχος

fighting along with: masc voc sg

σύμμαχα, σύμμαχος

fighting along with: neut nom /voc /acc pl

σύμμαχε, σύμμαχος

fighting along with: masc /fem voc sg

συμμᾰχ-έω, [tense] aor.

A

συνεμάχησα IG22.10A7

(v B.C.): [tense] pf.

συμμεμάχηκα SIG588.61

(Milet., ii B.C.):—to be an ally, to be in alliance, A.Pers. 793, Th.1.35, 7.50, etc.: c. acc. cogn., σ. τὴν μάχην IG l.c.: c. dat., SIG366.8 (Delph., iii B.C.), etc.; οὐ ξ., ἀλλὰ ξυναδικεῖν join not in war but in doing wrong, Th.1.39: generally, help, succour,

σ. τινί S.Ant. 740

, Ph. 1368, Pl.R. 440c, Phlb. 14b, etc.;

τοῖσιν εὖ φρονοῦσι συμμαχεῖ τύχη Critias 21

; σ. ὥστε.. assist towards.., Hdt.1.98:— [voice] Med., [tense] pf. part. συμμεμαχημένος in act. sense, Luc. Tyr.7:—[voice] Pass.,

συμμαχοῦμαι ὑπό τινος Id.Cal.22

. Cf. συμμάχομαι.

συμμᾰχ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, ἡ,

A alliance, offensive and defensive (opp. an ἐπιμαχία or defensive one, Th.1.44), IG12.52.16, al., Hdt.2.181, 4.120, etc.;

σ. ποιέεσθαι πρός τινα Id.5.73

, cf. 63, X.HG3.2.21, IG22.43.26, etc.; τινι Th.1.44,57; ἡ ἔξω ξ. Id.3.65;

σ. παρέχεσθαι Pl.R. 474b

.

2 generally, the duty of an ally,

ξυμμαχίας ἁμαρτών A.Ag. 213

(lyr.) (which others take in signf. 11).

3 συμμαχίαν φρουρεῖν, i.e. συμμάχων χώραν, Th.5.33.

II = τὸ συμμαχικόν, the body of allies, Hdt.1.77,82, E.Rh. 994 (anap.), Th.1.118, 119, etc.;

συμμαχίας συνελθούσης Aeschin.2.32

.

2 allied or auxiliary force, Th.6.73;

σ. πέμπειν X.HG4.8.24

, cf. SIG 763.5 (Cyzicus, i B.C.); ἔξωθεν ἐπάγεσθαι ς. Pl.R. 556e: generally, body of friends, Pi.O.10(11).72.

συμμᾰχ-ικός, ή, όν,

A of or for alliance, θεοὶ ξ. the gods invoked at the making of an alliance, Th.3.58; σ. αἵρεσις, νόμος, etc., Plb.9.23.7, Plu.CG5, etc.; [full] Σ. [ λόγος] of Isoc.,= de Pace, Arist.Rh. 1418a32.

II τὸ συμμαχικόν the allies, allied forces, Hdt.6.9, 9.106, Ar.Ec. 193, Th.3.91, 4.77; τὰ ς. the forces of the alliance, X.Cyr.3.3.12.

2 -κόν, τό, treaty of alliance, Th.5.6; funds of the alliance, συντελεῖν εἰς τὸ ς. Arist.Ath.39.2.

3 of a standard authorized by a league,

ἀργυρίου συμμαχικὰ τάλαντα πεντήκοντα SIG826

D passim (Delph., ii B.C.).

III Adv. - κῶς like an ally, Isoc.4.104, 8.134, Plb.15.24.4.

συμμᾰχ-ίς, ίδος, pecul. fem. of σύμμαχος,

A allied,

νῆες Th.8.23

, X.HG1.6.29; ξ. πόλις an allied state, Th.1.98, Isoc.6.52 (pl.), IG22.43.70 (pl.), etc.; also without πόλις, Th.2.2, X.HG7.3.11.

II = τὸ ξυμμαχικόν, body of allies, Th.5.36, 110; φευγέτω ἅπασαν τὴν Ἀθηναίων ξ. prob. in IG12.10.30.

συμμᾰχ-ομαι, [tense] fut.

A

- οῦμαι X.An.5.4.10

: [tense] aor.

συνεμαχεσάμην Aeschin.2.169

:— fight along with others, to be an ally, auxiliary, Th.4.44, 8.26, Pl.Lg. 699a, X.HG 3.2.13: c. dat., Id.An.5.4.10, 6.1.13; τὸ οἰκὸς ἐμοὶ συμμάχεται probability is on my side, Hdt.7.239; σ. πρὸς τὸν δῆμον against.., Arist. Pol. 1300a18;

σ. τὴν μάχην Aeschin.

l.c.—Prose word, συμμαχέω being used by Poets.

σύμμᾰχ-ος, ον,

A fighting along with, leagued or allied with, τινι A.Ch.2,19, Hdt.1.22, etc.: freq. abs. as Subst., ally, Sapph. 1.28 (fem.), etc.; and in pl. allies, Hdt.1.102, al., IG12.76.14, etc.;

σ. ἐπί τινα X.An.5.5.22

.

2 as a real Adj., of things, places, circumstances,

συμμάχῳ δορί A.Eu. 773

;

αὐτὴ γὰρ ἡ γῆ ξ. κείνοις πέλει Id.Pers. 792

; συντυχίη ἐπεγένετό τινι ς. Hdt.5.65;

νόμον σ. τῷ θέλοντι Id.3.31

;

τὸ εἰκὸς σ. μοί ἐστιν Antipho 5.43

;

τοῦ χωρίου τὸ δυσέμβατον ξύμμαχον γίγνεται Th.4.10

, cf. Hdt.4.129;

πολλά ἐστι τὰ σύμμαχα X.An.2.4.7

;

σ. ἔχειν τὸ δίκαιον Lys.2.10

; ὅρκοι καὶ ξυνθῆκαι ib. 62;

τάχος σ. εἰς τὸ πραχθῆναι X.Cyr.3.2.4

: c. gen. rei,

ἀρετὴ τῶν ἐν πολέμῳ σ. ἔργων Id.Mem.2.1.32

.

3 assistant (esp. messenger), POxy.1223.10 (iv A.D.), 904.4 (pl., v A.D.), etc.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `do battle' (Il.).

Other forms: ep. also μαχέομαι ( μαχειόμενος, μαχεούμενον metr. lengthening), aor. μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), μαχήσασθαι (D. S., Paus.), μαχεσθῆναι (Plu., Paus.), fut. μαχήσομαι (ep. Ion.), μαχέσ(σ)ομαι (Ion. a. late), μαχέομαι (Β 366), μαχοῦμαι (Att.; μαχεῖται Υ 26), perf. μεμάχημαι (Att.),

Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. δια-, συν-, ἀπο- (on ἀμφι μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like μονο-μάχ-ος `battling alone' (A., E.), m. `gladiator' (Str.), with μονομαχ-έω, - ία etc., ναυ-μάχ-ος `battling on sea' (AP; but ναύ-μαχος from μάχη, s. below).

Derivatives: μάχη `battle' (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in ἄ-, πρό-, σύμ-, ναύ-, ἱππό-μαχος with derivv. like προμαχ-ίζω, συμμαχ-έω, ναυμαχ-έω, - ία. Derivv. 1. μαχη-τής m. `battler' (Hom., LXX), Dor. μαχατάς (P.; H. μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος), Aeol. μαχαίτας (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from μάχομαι; Trümpy 128. 2. μάχ-ιμος `warlike, soldier of an Egyptian tribe' (IA.; after ἄλκιμος, Arbenz 42) with μαχιμικός `after the μάχιμοι' (pap.). 3. Μαχάων m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. - έων, with Dor. Μαχαν-ίδας (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From μάχομαι also μαχ-ήμων `martial' (Μ 247, AP) and μαχ-ητός `controllable' (μ 119; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 14), ἀ-, περι-μάχ-ητος (Att.), μαχ-ητικός `prepared to fight' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. μαχ-ήσομαι, με-μάχ-ημαι and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: -μάχᾱς, e.g. ἀπειρο-μάχᾱς `unexperienced in battle' (Pi.), λεοντο-μάχᾱς `fighting with a lion' (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present μάχομαι there is the isolated by-form μαχέομαι, prob. rather after μαχήσομαι (cf. below) than as denominative of μάχη (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With μαχήσομαι: ἐμαχό-μην compare cases like ἀπ-εχθήσομαι: ἀπ-εχθόμην, μαθήσομαι: ἔμαθον, γενήσομαι: ἐγενόμην (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in ἐμαχόμην (to which μάχομαι was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When μαχεσθαι was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after κοτέσσασθαι a. o.) μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι would have arisen. After the type τελέσ(σ)αι: fut. τελῶ arose to μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι the new fut. μαχοῦμαι. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN * ha-mazan- prop. *"warrior" in Άμαζών (s. v.), with which also ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι, ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect μάχομαι with μάχαιρα and further with μῆχαρ, μηχανή (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. χειρο-μάχα f. (scil. ἑταιρεία) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. mactus, mactō. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.

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