σκότ-ιος

σκότ-ιος, α, ον, also ος, ον E.Alc. 125 (lyr.), J.AJ19.7.1:—

A dark,

I of persons, in the dark, in secret, secret, σκότιον δέ ἑ γείνατο μήτηρ, i.e. not in open, lawful wedlock, Il.6.24; so prob. καὶ θεῶν σκότιοι φθίνουσι παῖδες ἐν θανάτῳ (the Sch. expl. it οἱ μὴ γνήσιοι ὄντες τῶν θεῶν παῖδες), E.Alc. 989 (lyr.); also σ. εὐναί clandestine loves, Id. Ion 860 (lyr.); σ. λέχος, opp. a wedded wife, Id.Tr.44; λέκτρων σκότια νυμφευτήρια ib. 252;

λέχη σ. νυμφεύειν Eub.67.1

;

σ. Κύπρις AP7.51

([place name] Adaeus): rare in Prose, παῖς ς. bastard, Charax 6, cf. Hsch.: metaph., γνώμη σ., of sense-perception, opp. γνησίη, Democr.11.

2 in Crete the boys were called σκότιοι, because they lived in the women's apartment, Sch.E.Alc. 988.

II of things, dark,

νύξ E.Hec.68

(anap.), Alc. 269 (lyr.), etc.;

θάλαμοι Id.Ph. 1541

(lyr.); ἕδραι, of the nether world, Id.Alc. 125 (lyr.).

2 metaph., dark, obscure, of dithyrambs, Ar.Av. 1389. Adv. -ίως, μηνύειν, opp. τηλαυγῶς, Ph.1.659.

Grammatical information: m.,

Meaning: `darkness, dark', also of the dark before the eyes = `swindle' (Il.).

Other forms: Also n. (since V^a; after φῶς a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σκοτο-μήν-ιος "having the moon in the dark", `moon-darkness, moonless', adjunct of νύξ (ξ 457), univerbation of σκότος and μήν(η); besides the abstract σκοτο-μην-ία f. `moonlessnes, moonless night' (hell.), also σκοτο-μήνη `id.' (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in - αινα) σκοτό-μαινα f. `id.' (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further σκοτο-διν-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `swindle' (Hp., Pl.) with - δινιάω (Ar., Pl.); also - δινος m. `id.' (Hp.; after δῖνος); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.

Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. σκότιος `dark, secretly, illegitimate', in Crete also = ἄνηβος (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this σκοτίας δραπέτης H. 2. σκοτ-αῖος `in the dark, dark' (IA.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. - εινός `darkness' (A.; after φαεινός a. o.) with - εινότης f. (Pl.), - εινῶδες H. s. νυθῶδες. 4. - όεις `id.' (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28f.); Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α (- όεσσα) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. - ώδης `dark, dizzy' (IA.) with - ωδία f. (late). 6. - ερός `dark' (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. σκοτία f. = σκότος (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to σκότιος as e.g. ὁσία: ὅσιος?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. σκοταρία ζόφος. Άχαιοί H. 3. Σκοτίτας m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. Σκοτία (- ιά) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. σκοτόομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, συν-, `it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken' (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with σκότ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late). 2. ἐπι-σκοτ-έω `to shroud in darkness, to darken' (Hp., Att.; like ἐπι-θυμ-έω, - χειρ-έω a. o.) with - ησις f. (Plu. a. o.), - ος adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. σκοτάω in 3. pl. σκοτόωσι `their sight becomes darkened' (Nic.). 4. σκοτ-άζω, mostly w. συν-, `to become dark, to darken' (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with - ασμός m. (late). 5. - ίζω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, κατα-, `to darken' (hell. a. late) with - ισμός, - ισις (sp.). 6. σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει H. (cf. σκοτίας ab. A. 1).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [957] * sk(e)h₃t-, or * skot-?

Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, σκότος has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for `shadow': Goth. skadus, OE sceadu (also `darkness'), OHG scato, -( a)wes, PGm. * skaðu- (after the opposite * haiðu- prop. `light-appearance' [= Skt. ketú-] in Goth. haidus `art and way' a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. scāth n. `shadow', IE * skōto- or * skāto- (diff. s. σκιά). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.

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