νίψαι

νίφω

aor imperat mid 2nd sg

νίφω

aor inf act

νίφω

aor imperat mid 2nd sg

νίφω

aor inf act

νί̱ψαῑ, νίφω

aor opt act 3rd sg

νίζω

wash the hands: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

νίζω

wash the hands: aor inf act

νίψαῑ, νίζω

wash the hands: aor opt act 3rd sg

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `wash, bathe'.

Other forms: - ομαι (Il.), analog. νίπτω (Men., NT), - ομαι (v. l. σ 179, Hp.), aor. νίψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. νιφθῆναι (Hp.). fut. νίψω, - ομαι (Od.), pass. νιφήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. νένιπται (Ω 419), νένιμμαι (Ar.).

Compounds: Also (in Att. prose always) w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- a. ἐκ-.

Derivatives: 1. νίπτρον ( ἀπό-), mostly pl., n. `water for washing' (trag., Ar.), ποδάνιπτρα pl. (- ον) through syllabledissim. from *ποδ-απόνιπτρον (to be rejected Bechtel Lex. s.v.), second. ποδό-νιπτρον, `water for washing one's feet' (Od.); besides ποδανιπτήρ m. (sec. ποδο-) `washing basin for one's feet' (Stesich., Hdt., inscr.), νιπτήρ m. `washing basin' (Ev. Jo.); 2. κατανίπ-της m. `washer', who washes the peplos of Athene Polias (AB, EM; 3. ( ἀπό-, κατά-)νίμμα n. `washing water'; 4. ( ἀπό-, ἔκ-)νίψις f. `washing' (Plu., medic.). On the forms in gen. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 187. -- On χέρνιψ s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [761] * neigʷ- `wash'.

Etymology: From νίψαι, νίψω (from where second. νίπτω) it follows that for νίζω the basis was a zero grade yot-present IE *nigʷ-i̯ō, which is also retained in Celt., OIr. nigim `wash'. Sankrit has a full grade athematic reduplicated formation né-nek-ti `washes' with zero grade niddle ne-nik-té. The sigmatic aorist is also in Sanskrit represented by middle nik-ṣ-i (1. sg.), beside which with regular lengthened grade act. a-naik-ṣam. Greek abandoned ablaut completely and generalized the zero grade ( νίψω, νίμμα etc.). Formal agreement show the privative verbal adj. ἄ-νιπ-τος and Skt. nik-tá- `washen', OIr. necht `pure'. An isolated verbal noun seems preserved in Germ., e.g. OHG nihhus, nichus `river-monster, waterghost', f. nihhussa, NHG. Nix, Nixe, PGm. *nik-u̯es-, * nik-us-; Lat. pollingō `wash the corpses' prob. remains far, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. -- Further details in WP. 2, 322, Pok. 761, Mayrhofer s. nénekti and niktáḥ.

Page in Frisk: 2,

κᾰθαρμός, ὁ, ([etym.] καθαίρω)

A cleansing, purification, from guilt,

νίψαι καθαρμῷ τήνδε τὴν στέγην S.OT 1228

: hence, purificatory offering, atonement, expiation,

καθαρμὸν τῆς χώρης ποιέεσθαί τινα Hdt.7.197

: freq. in pl.,

μύσος ἐλαύνειν καθαρμοῖς A.Ch. 968

(lyr., dub. l.), cf. Th. 738, Eu. 277, 283, Berl.Sitzb.1927.156 ([place name] Cyrene): sg., S.OT99; θοῦ νῦν καθαρμὸν δαιμόνων make an offering to avert their wrath, Id.OC 466;

καθαρμὸν θύειν E.IT 1332

;

λύσεις τε καὶ καθαρμοὶ ἀδικημάτων Pl.R. 364e

; ὁ περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν κ. Id.Sph. 227c; κ. ποιεῖσθαι τῆς δυνάμεως, Lat. lustrare exercitum, Plb.21.41.9, Plu.Caes.43; of the Roman lustrum, D.H.4.22; κ. ὅπλων, σάλπιγγος,= Lat. armilustrium, tubilustrium, Lyd.Mens.4.34,60.

2 purificatory rite of initiation into mysteries, Pl.Phd. 69c, Phdr. 244e;

ἀνιστὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ καθαρμοῦ D.18.259

, cf. Plu.2.47a: hence in pl., as title of poem by Empedocles, Ath.14.620d; by Epimenides, Suid. s.h.v.

3 purgation by ordeal, PMag.Lond.46.180,196.

II purging, evacuation, discharge, Arist.HA 587b1, Plu.2.134d.

2 metaph., purge, clearance of unhealthy animals, Pl.Lg. 735b.

III = κάθαρμα 1.2, Plu. 2.518b.

νίζω, Epich. [273]; imper.

A

νίζε Il.11.830

; inf.

νίζειν Od.19.374

; part.

νίζων Il.7.425

, E.IT 1338: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

νίζον Od.1.112

, Il.11.846:— the [tense] pres. [full] νίπτω, analogically formed from νίψω ἔνιψα, first in Men. Mon. 543, cf. Luc.Epigr.19, Arr.Epict.1.19.5, Ev.Jo.13.5, Plu.Thes. 10, though Hp. uses [voice] Med.

νίπτομαι Mul.1.57

(but δια-νιζέσθω ib.84, περι-νιζέσθω ib.2.158): [tense] fut.

νίψω Od.19.376

, E.IT 255: [tense] aor.

ἔνιψα Id.Sthen.Prol.25

; [dialect] Ep.

νίψα Od.19.505

:—[voice] Med.,

νίζομαι Hp.

(v. supr.): [tense] impf.

νίζετο Od.6.224

: [tense] fut. νίψομαι (v. ἀπο-, ἐκ-νίζω), late

νιφήσομαι LXXLe.15.12

: [tense] aor. ἐνιψάμην; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

νίψατο Il.16.230

: [tense] pf. νένιμμαι (v. infr.): [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἐνίφθην ( κατ-) Hp.Prorrh.2.23:— wash the hands or feet (v. sub fin.),

νίζε δ' ἄρ' ἆσσον ἰοῦσα ἄναχθ' ἑόν Od.19.392

; αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ νίψεν ib. 505, cf. 358; τῷ σε πόδας νίψω ib. 376, cf. Orac. ap. Hdt.6.19;

ἁ δὲ χεὶρ τὰν χεῖρα νίζει Epich.

l.c.:—[voice] Med.,

νίψατο δ' αὐτὸς χεῖρας Il.16.230

, cf. Hes.Op. 739; νίψασθαι, abs., to wash one's hands, Od.1.138, etc.; χεῖρας νίψασθαι ἁλός [with water] from the sea, 2.261 (v. infr. 11);

νίψασθαι λίμνης πόδα Hes.Fr. 122

;

οὔρῳ νιψάμενος τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.2.111

.

2 generally, purge, cleanse,

νίψαι καθαρμῷ S.OT 1228

, cf. E.IT 1191.

II wash off,

ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ.. νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτός Il.10.575

;

ἀπ' αὐτοῦ δ' αἷμα κελαινὸν νίζ' ὕδατι λιαρῷ 11.830

, 846;

φόνον ἐμῆς ἔνιψε χειρός E.Sthen.

l.c.:—[voice] Pass.,

αἷμα νένιπται Il.24.419

:—[voice] Med., ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο ἅλμην he washed the brine off his skin [with water] from the river, Od.6.224.—Commonly used of washing part of the person, while λούομαι is used of bathing, πλύνω of washing clothes, etc.; but νίζω is sts. used of things,

σπόγγοισι.. τραπέζας νίζον Od.1.112

;

[δέπας] ἔνιψ' ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι Il.16.229

;

ὕδατι νίζειν.. πλίνθον Theoc.16.62

.—[dialect] Att. Prose writers use the word only in compds., v. ἀπο-, ἐναπο-, ἐκ-νίζω. (Cf. OIr. nigid, Skt. nénekti 'wash', niktá- 'washed', Gr. ἀ-νιπτό-ποδες, χέρνιβα, I.-E. nig[uglide]-.)

νίψω, [full] νίψαι, [full] νίψασθαι,

A v. νίζω.

νίπτω 1 aor. ἔνιψα, mid. ἐνιψάμην, impv. νίψαι (B-D-F §73; W-S. §15; Mlt-H. 250). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. νιφήσεται Lev 15:11f; pf. 3 sg. νένιπται (Hippocr.; Epict. [s. 1a below]; LXX; Jos., Ant. 8, 87).

① to cleanse with use of water, wash

ⓐ act. wash w. acc. τὶ someth. τοὺς πόδας (Epict. 1, 19, 5 νίπτω τ. πόδας; Vi. Aesopi G 61 P.; Gen 43:24; 1 Km 25:41; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 19 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 7:1) J 13:5f, 8a, 12, 14a (on ‘foot-washing’ s. λούω 2a; for J 13:14b s. 2 below); 1 Ti 5:10 (as act of hospitality, cp. 2 below). τινά someone J 13:8b.

ⓑ mid. wash oneself or for oneself (TestLevi 9:11 λούου … νίπτου)

α. I wash myself J 9:7b, 11ab, 15; 13:10 v.l. (if εἰ μὴ τ. πόδας is omitted); Ox 840, 34f. νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν wash, bathe in the pool (cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ [sc. τὸ παιδίον] λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην) J 9:7a.

β. I wash (for myself) w. acc., ν. τὸ πρόσωπον wash one’s face (Artem. 4, 41; Achmes 143, 11) Mt 6:17. τὰς χεῖρας wash one’s hands (Diod S 23, 2, 1; Ex 30:19; Lev 15:11) 15:2; Mk 7:3 (s. FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 233); GPt 1:1. τοὺς πόδας (Hes., Fgm. 122 Rz.; Artem. 5, 55; Gen 19:2; Judg 19:21; JosAs 20:3) J 13:10. JHorst, D. Worte Jesu über d. kult. Reinheit: StKr 87, 1914, 429–54. Branscomb (s. νόμος, end) 156–60. WGrossouw, NovT 8, ’66, 124–31.

② to provide generous service, wash feet, as the mng. of the unit term νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας J 13:14b (s. 1a above). JATRobinson, The Significance of Footwashing, OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 144–47.—B. 578f. DELG s.v. νίζω. M-M. TW.