νένιπται

νένιπται,

A v. νίζω.

νίζω

wash the hands: perf ind mp 3rd sg

μῐᾰρός, ά, όν, ([etym.] μιαίνω)

A stained with blood,

περὶ δ' αἷμα νένιπται, οὐδέ ποθι μιαρός Il.24.420

.

2 defiled with blood,

Κιθαιρών E.Ba. 1384

(anap.); μ. ἡμέραι certain days in the month Anthesterion, on which expiatory libations ([etym.] χοαί) were offered to the dead, Hsch.; at Rome, ἡμέρα μ., = dies nefastus, D.C.51.19; μιαρά, τά, actions resulting in ritual impurity, Berl.Sitzb.1927.157 ([place name] Cyrene).

3 generally, defiled, polluted,

μ. καὶ ἄναγνος Antipho 2.1.10

, cf. Pl.Lg. 716e; of animals, unclean,

ὗν δὲ Αἰγύπτιοι μιαρὸν ἥγηνται θηρίον εἶναι Hdt. 2.47

;

θάλασσα ὕδωρ -ώτατον Heraclit.61

.

4 in moral sense, abominable, foul,

ὦ μ. ἦθος S.Ant. 746

; repulsive to the moral sense, Arist.Po. 1452b36, al.: freq. in Ar. as a term of reproach, blackguard,

μ. κεφαλή Ach. 285

, cf. 282; μιαρώτατος ib. 182; μ. φωνή coarse, brutal voice, Eq. 218, cf. S.Tr. 987 (anap.);

μιαρώτατος περὶ τὸν δῆμον Ar.Eq. 831

;

μ. τε καὶ ὀλιγαρχικούς Pl.R. 562d

. Adv. -

ρῶς Ar.Eq. 800

;

οὕτω φανερῶς καὶ μ. D.21.69

.

5 ὦ μιαρέ you rogue, in a coaxing sense, Pl. Phdr. 236e, al.

6 = μάχλος, γύναικες μιαρώταται Alc.39.

7 physically ugly,

γυναῖκα ὀφθῆναι μ. X.Eph.3.12

.

νίζω, Epich. [273]; imper.

A

νίζε Il.11.830

; inf.

νίζειν Od.19.374

; part.

νίζων Il.7.425

, E.IT 1338: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

νίζον Od.1.112

, Il.11.846:— the [tense] pres. [full] νίπτω, analogically formed from νίψω ἔνιψα, first in Men. Mon. 543, cf. Luc.Epigr.19, Arr.Epict.1.19.5, Ev.Jo.13.5, Plu.Thes. 10, though Hp. uses [voice] Med.

νίπτομαι Mul.1.57

(but δια-νιζέσθω ib.84, περι-νιζέσθω ib.2.158): [tense] fut.

νίψω Od.19.376

, E.IT 255: [tense] aor.

ἔνιψα Id.Sthen.Prol.25

; [dialect] Ep.

νίψα Od.19.505

:—[voice] Med.,

νίζομαι Hp.

(v. supr.): [tense] impf.

νίζετο Od.6.224

: [tense] fut. νίψομαι (v. ἀπο-, ἐκ-νίζω), late

νιφήσομαι LXXLe.15.12

: [tense] aor. ἐνιψάμην; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

νίψατο Il.16.230

: [tense] pf. νένιμμαι (v. infr.): [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἐνίφθην ( κατ-) Hp.Prorrh.2.23:— wash the hands or feet (v. sub fin.),

νίζε δ' ἄρ' ἆσσον ἰοῦσα ἄναχθ' ἑόν Od.19.392

; αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ νίψεν ib. 505, cf. 358; τῷ σε πόδας νίψω ib. 376, cf. Orac. ap. Hdt.6.19;

ἁ δὲ χεὶρ τὰν χεῖρα νίζει Epich.

l.c.:—[voice] Med.,

νίψατο δ' αὐτὸς χεῖρας Il.16.230

, cf. Hes.Op. 739; νίψασθαι, abs., to wash one's hands, Od.1.138, etc.; χεῖρας νίψασθαι ἁλός [with water] from the sea, 2.261 (v. infr. 11);

νίψασθαι λίμνης πόδα Hes.Fr. 122

;

οὔρῳ νιψάμενος τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.2.111

.

2 generally, purge, cleanse,

νίψαι καθαρμῷ S.OT 1228

, cf. E.IT 1191.

II wash off,

ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ.. νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτός Il.10.575

;

ἀπ' αὐτοῦ δ' αἷμα κελαινὸν νίζ' ὕδατι λιαρῷ 11.830

, 846;

φόνον ἐμῆς ἔνιψε χειρός E.Sthen.

l.c.:—[voice] Pass.,

αἷμα νένιπται Il.24.419

:—[voice] Med., ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο ἅλμην he washed the brine off his skin [with water] from the river, Od.6.224.—Commonly used of washing part of the person, while λούομαι is used of bathing, πλύνω of washing clothes, etc.; but νίζω is sts. used of things,

σπόγγοισι.. τραπέζας νίζον Od.1.112

;

[δέπας] ἔνιψ' ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι Il.16.229

;

ὕδατι νίζειν.. πλίνθον Theoc.16.62

.—[dialect] Att. Prose writers use the word only in compds., v. ἀπο-, ἐναπο-, ἐκ-νίζω. (Cf. OIr. nigid, Skt. nénekti 'wash', niktá- 'washed', Gr. ἀ-νιπτό-ποδες, χέρνιβα, I.-E. nig[uglide]-.)

περινίζω,

A wash off all round,

περὶ δ' αἷμα νένιπται Il.24.419

, cf. Hp. Fist.9:—[voice] Med., Id.Mul.2.158 ;

π. τὸ σῶμα D.S.4.51

.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `wash, bathe'.

Other forms: - ομαι (Il.), analog. νίπτω (Men., NT), - ομαι (v. l. σ 179, Hp.), aor. νίψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. νιφθῆναι (Hp.). fut. νίψω, - ομαι (Od.), pass. νιφήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. νένιπται (Ω 419), νένιμμαι (Ar.).

Compounds: Also (in Att. prose always) w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- a. ἐκ-.

Derivatives: 1. νίπτρον ( ἀπό-), mostly pl., n. `water for washing' (trag., Ar.), ποδάνιπτρα pl. (- ον) through syllabledissim. from *ποδ-απόνιπτρον (to be rejected Bechtel Lex. s.v.), second. ποδό-νιπτρον, `water for washing one's feet' (Od.); besides ποδανιπτήρ m. (sec. ποδο-) `washing basin for one's feet' (Stesich., Hdt., inscr.), νιπτήρ m. `washing basin' (Ev. Jo.); 2. κατανίπ-της m. `washer', who washes the peplos of Athene Polias (AB, EM; 3. ( ἀπό-, κατά-)νίμμα n. `washing water'; 4. ( ἀπό-, ἔκ-)νίψις f. `washing' (Plu., medic.). On the forms in gen. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 187. -- On χέρνιψ s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [761] * neigʷ- `wash'.

Etymology: From νίψαι, νίψω (from where second. νίπτω) it follows that for νίζω the basis was a zero grade yot-present IE *nigʷ-i̯ō, which is also retained in Celt., OIr. nigim `wash'. Sankrit has a full grade athematic reduplicated formation né-nek-ti `washes' with zero grade niddle ne-nik-té. The sigmatic aorist is also in Sanskrit represented by middle nik-ṣ-i (1. sg.), beside which with regular lengthened grade act. a-naik-ṣam. Greek abandoned ablaut completely and generalized the zero grade ( νίψω, νίμμα etc.). Formal agreement show the privative verbal adj. ἄ-νιπ-τος and Skt. nik-tá- `washen', OIr. necht `pure'. An isolated verbal noun seems preserved in Germ., e.g. OHG nihhus, nichus `river-monster, waterghost', f. nihhussa, NHG. Nix, Nixe, PGm. *nik-u̯es-, * nik-us-; Lat. pollingō `wash the corpses' prob. remains far, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. -- Further details in WP. 2, 322, Pok. 761, Mayrhofer s. nénekti and niktáḥ.

Page in Frisk: 2,

νίπτω 1 aor. ἔνιψα, mid. ἐνιψάμην, impv. νίψαι (B-D-F §73; W-S. §15; Mlt-H. 250). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. νιφήσεται Lev 15:11f; pf. 3 sg. νένιπται (Hippocr.; Epict. [s. 1a below]; LXX; Jos., Ant. 8, 87).

① to cleanse with use of water, wash

ⓐ act. wash w. acc. τὶ someth. τοὺς πόδας (Epict. 1, 19, 5 νίπτω τ. πόδας; Vi. Aesopi G 61 P.; Gen 43:24; 1 Km 25:41; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 19 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 7:1) J 13:5f, 8a, 12, 14a (on ‘foot-washing’ s. λούω 2a; for J 13:14b s. 2 below); 1 Ti 5:10 (as act of hospitality, cp. 2 below). τινά someone J 13:8b.

ⓑ mid. wash oneself or for oneself (TestLevi 9:11 λούου … νίπτου)

α. I wash myself J 9:7b, 11ab, 15; 13:10 v.l. (if εἰ μὴ τ. πόδας is omitted); Ox 840, 34f. νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν wash, bathe in the pool (cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ [sc. τὸ παιδίον] λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην) J 9:7a.

β. I wash (for myself) w. acc., ν. τὸ πρόσωπον wash one’s face (Artem. 4, 41; Achmes 143, 11) Mt 6:17. τὰς χεῖρας wash one’s hands (Diod S 23, 2, 1; Ex 30:19; Lev 15:11) 15:2; Mk 7:3 (s. FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 233); GPt 1:1. τοὺς πόδας (Hes., Fgm. 122 Rz.; Artem. 5, 55; Gen 19:2; Judg 19:21; JosAs 20:3) J 13:10. JHorst, D. Worte Jesu über d. kult. Reinheit: StKr 87, 1914, 429–54. Branscomb (s. νόμος, end) 156–60. WGrossouw, NovT 8, ’66, 124–31.

② to provide generous service, wash feet, as the mng. of the unit term νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας J 13:14b (s. 1a above). JATRobinson, The Significance of Footwashing, OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 144–47.—B. 578f. DELG s.v. νίζω. M-M. TW.