ζῡς-μᾱ

ζύμ-η [ῡ], ἡ,

A leaven, Arist.GA 755a18, LXXEx.12.15; beer-yeast, PTeb.375.27 (ii A.D.), etc.: metaph., of corruption, falsehood, Ev. Matt.16.6, etc. ( ζῡ-μᾱ or ζῡς-μᾱ, cf. Skt. yauti 'mix', Skt. yūs, Lat. jūs 'soup', Lett. jaut 'stir dough', javs 'dough'.)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `lamentation, compassion, pity' (Od.).

Compounds: Rarely as 2. member, e.g. ἔπ-οικτος `pitiable' (A.), ἄν-οικτος `pitiless' (S., E.).

Derivatives: Prim. superl. οἴκτιστος (Χ 76; Seiler Steigerungsformen 78 f.), φιλ-οίκτιστος `loving pity the most' (S.) from φίλ-οικτος (A. in lyr.); thus the rare οἰκτικός `belonging to lamentation, lamenting' (An. Bachm.) and οἰκτοσύνη f. = οἶκτος (Hdn. Epim.). -- Old is οἰκτρός `woeful, wailing, deplorable' (Il.), as 1. member e.g. in οἰκτρό-γοος `with woeful lamentation' (Pl. Phdr. 267 c); prob. (in spite of the genderdifference) to οἶκτος after αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, ἔχθος: ἐχθρός a.o. (cf. Seiler l. c.), cf. also the pair οἴκτιστος: αἴσχιστος (Schwvzer 481 n. 16). -- Denominative verbs. 1. From οἰκτρός: οἰκτί̄ρω (\< -ιρ-ι̯ω), Aeol. οἰκτίρρω (Hdn. Gr.), aor. οἰκτῖραι, fut. οἰκτιρῶ (Att. also - τερῶ after the itacistic - τεῖραι, - τείρω) late - τ(ε)ιρήσω (LXX, NT), also with κατ- a.o., `to pity, to commiserate, to bewail' (Il.); from it οἰκτιρ-μός m. `compassion, pity' (Pi., LXX, NT), - μων `compassionate, pitiful' (Gorg., Theoc., LXX) with - μοσύνη (Tz.); on *οἰκτίρ-ι̯ω from *οἰκτρ-ι̯ω with i-coloured reduced vowel Schwyzer 352. -- 2. From οἶκτος: οἰκτίζω, - ομαι, also with κατ- a.o., `id.' (trag., Th., Arist.) with οἰκτ-ισμός m. `bewailing' (A., X.), - ίσματα n. pl., `id.' (E.; Chantraine Form. 146), κατοίκτ-ισις f. `wailing, compassion' (X.).

Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations].

Etymology: Like ὀϊζύς, with comp. meaning, also οἶκτος prob. goes back on the interj. οι, through οἴζω; the close connection appears from the backformation δυσοίζω (s. v.) from δύσ-οικτος. Prellwitz s. v., also Schwyzer 501. Comparable nouns from interjective verbs in - ζω are frequent, e.g. αἴαγμα, αἰακτός (: αἰάζω, αἰαῖ), βάβαξ, βαβάκτης (: βαβάζω, βαβαί) etc., s. Schwyzer 716. Cf. οἰμώζω. -- Doubtful non-Greek combinations (Goth. aihtron `beg', OIr. ar-égi `complains') in Bq, WP. 1, 105 f., Pok. 298. -- On οἶκτος and related words in gen.. s. W. Burkert Zum altgr. Mitleidsbegriff. Diss. Erlangen 1955 (important review by Seyffert Gnomon 31, 389 ff.); also A. Klocker Wortgesch. von ἔλεος u. οἶκτος in d. gr. Dichtung u. Philosophie von Hom. bis Arist. Diss. Innsbruck 1953.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wail loudly, to cry, to lament',

Other forms: aor. οἰμῶξαι (Il.), fut. οἰμώξ-ομαι (Att.), -ω (Plu., AP).

Compounds: Also with ἀν-, ἀπ- etc.

Derivatives: οἰμωγ-ή f. (Il.; Chantraine Form. 401, Porzig Satzinhalte 189), - μα n. (A., E), - μός m. (S.); privative adj. ἀν-οίμωκ-τος `not wailed for', adv. ἀν-οιμωκ-τί (- τεί) `without lamentation' = 'unpunished' (S.).

Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations].

Etymology: Innovaion οἰμώττω `id.' (Lib.; on οἰμῶξ-αι Debrunner IF 21, 248; cf. Schwyzer 733). -- From the interj. οἴμοι ( οἴ μοι) `woe me' verbalised (Schwyzer 716). -- Cf. ὀϊζύς and οἶκτος.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wail, to lament, to bewail, to bemoan' (Il.).

Other forms: (- ύρρω Aeol. Hdn. Gr.), aor. ὀλοφύρασθαι, ptc. pass. ὀλοφυρθείς (Th. 6, 78), fut. ὀλοφυροῦνται (Lys. 29, 4 codd.),

Compounds: Often, in prose mostly w. prefix, e.g. ἀν-, ἀπ-, κατ-.

Derivatives: ὀλοφυρ-μός m. (Ar., Th., Pl.), - σις f. (Th., J.) `lamentation, wail' (attempt for a semantic differentiation by Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 132f.); - τικός `prone to wail' (Arist., J.). -- Besides ὀλόφυς οἶκτος, ἔλεος, θρῆνος (H., Sapph. 21, 3), Aeol. for *ὀλοφῦς (rather - ύς) after Schulze KZ 52, 311 (= Kl. Schr. 398), ὀλοφυδνός `lamenting, wailing' (Hom., AP).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [not] * Holbh- `cry, lament'

Etymology: The ending is also seen in the synonymous ὀδύρομαι, μύρομαι, κινύρο-μαι, μινύρομαι, and ὀλοφύρομαι may have been formed after them; supposing an adj. *ὀλοφυρός (Schulze a. O. with Debrunner IF 21, 206) is therefore not necessary. Also ὀλοφυδνός may have been innovated, e.g. after ἀλαπαδνός, σμερδνός a.o. (cf. Chantraine Form. 194, Risch 90f.); cf further γοεδνός (beside γοερός, s. γοάω). Thus *ὀλοφύς after ὀϊζύς? -- Because of Arm. oɫb, gen. -oy `lament' (with Lith. ulbúoti `call, sing') one might asssume an orig. *ὄλφος (= Arm. oɫb), *ὀλφύς, which would have got its inner ο from the synonymous ὀλολύζω (s. v. w. lit.).

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