-
121 κρατέω
κρατέω impf. ἐκράτουν; fut. κρατήσω; 1 aor. ἐκράτησα; pf. 1 pl. κεκρατήκαμεν 1 Macc 15:33, inf. κεκρατηκέναι; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρατήκει 4 Macc 6:32. Pass.: impf. ἐκρατούμην; fut. 3 pl. κρατηθήσονται; aor. ἐκρατήθην Eccl 9:12 v.l.; pf. κεκράτημαι, 3 pl. κεκράτηνται (Hom.+). The primary signification is exercise of power, then by transference① to accomplish someth. by overcoming obstacles, attain (Diod S 3, 54, 7 κ. τῆς ἐπιβολῆς=attain the purpose; likew. 17, 77, 4 and 20, 25, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 61 §249 οὐ … ἐκράτησε) τῆς προθέσεως the purpose Ac 27:13 (s. Field, Notes 144).② to use one’s hands to establish a close contact, holdⓐ hold τινά someone (fast) w. the hand (TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 19 [Stone p. 30]), so that the pers. cannot go away Ac 3:11.ⓑ hold in the hand (SibOr 3, 49; TestAbr A 10 p. 87, 29 [Stone p. 22]; A 12 p. 91, 5 [Stone p. 30] al.; GrBar 11:8) τὶ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ Rv 2:1 (Polemo Perieg. [c. 200 B.C.] in Athen. 11, 67, 484c ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ κώθωνα κ.; cp. Plut., Mor. 99d).③ to take control of someone or someth., seize, controlⓐ of taking into custody arrest, apprehend τινά someone (cp. Ps 136:9; AscIs 3:12) Mt 14:3; 21:46; 26:4, 48, 50, 55, 57 (on the arrest of Jesus s. Feigel, Weidel, Finegan s.v. Ἰούδας 6); Mk 6:17; 12:12; 14:1, 44, 46, 49, 51; Ac 24:6; Rv 20:2.ⓑ of taking hold of forcibly and also without the use of force take hold of, grasp, seize (cp. 2 Km 6:6; SSol 3:4; TestSol 22:10); w. acc. of pers. or thing Mt 12:11; 18:28; 22:6; 28:9; κρατῆσαι αὐτόν take control of (Jesus) Mk 3:21. κ. ῥάβδον τῇ χειρί take hold of a staff w. the hand Hs 9, 6, 3 (cp. PGM 5, 451 κράτει τῇ ἀριστερᾷ σου τὸν δακτύλιον; Synes., Ep. 58 p. 202 πόδα). τῆς χειρός (τινος) take hold of (someone’s) hand (B-D-F §170, 2; Rob. 475; 1391; Ps 72:23; Gen 19:16; JosAs 29:3; ParJer 6:2; Jos., Bell. 1, 352) Mt 9:25; Mk 1:31; 5:41; 9:27; Lk 8:54; B 14:7 (Is 42:6). τινὰ τῆς χειρός take someone by the hand Mk 9:27 v.l.; cp. B 12:11 (Is 45:1).④ to hold up or serve as a foundation for someth., hold upright, support τὶ someth. Hs 9, 8, 5. τὰς χεῖρας v 3, 8, 3 (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.). Pass. be supported ὑπό τινος by someth. Hv 3, 3, 5. W. ἀπό instead of ὑπό: κρατοῦνται ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων receive support fr. one another (here w. focus on mutuality) 3, 8, 7. W. διά: ὁ κόσμος διὰ τεσσάρων στοιχείων κρατεῖται the world is supported by four elements 3, 13, 3.⑤ to control in such a way that someth. does not happen, hold back or restrain from, hinder in an action: w. acc. (so TestJob 35:1), foll. by ἵνα μή Rv 7:1. Pass. be prevented foll. by τοῦ μή and inf. (TestSol 10:43 C; B-D-F §400, 4; Rob. 1061; 1425) their eyes ἐκρατοῦντο τοῦ μὴ ἐπιγνῶναι Lk 24:16, prob. w. a suggestion of both physical and inward sight (cp. 4 Km 6:15–23; s. διανοίγω 1b).—Hold in one’s power (PTebt 61b, 229; POxy 237 VIII, 34; TestSol 6:3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 84; Mel., P. 100, 769) pass. οὐκ ἦν δυνατὸν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ it was impossible for him (Christ) to be held in its (death’s) power Ac 2:24.⑥ to adhere strongly to, holdⓐ of commitment to someone or someth. hold fast (to) someone or someth., and hence remain closely united. W. acc. τὴν κεφαλήν hold fast to the Head (i.e. to Christ) Col 2:19 (cp. SSol 3:4 ἐκράτησα αὐτὸν καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσω [ἀφῆκα BS] αὐτόν). τί to someth. (TestNapht 3:1 τὸ θέλημα τ. θεοῦ) τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:3; cp. vss. 4, 8; 2 Th 2:15. τὴν διδαχήν Rv 2:14f. τὸ ὄνομά μου vs. 13.—W. gen. of thing (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Γυναικόπολις: in the absence of the men τὰς γυναῖκας κρατῆσαι τοῦ πολέμου=the women kept the war going; Pr 14:18; Jos., Ant. 6, 116 τοῦ λογισμοῦ) τῆς ὁμολογίας hold fast to our confession Hb 4:14. τῆς ἐλπίδος 6:18. τῶν ἔργων τινός Hv 3, 8, 8.ⓑ hold fast, keep hold of someth. that belongs to oneself, so that it cannot be taken away Rv 2:25; 3:11.ⓒ keep to oneself a saying, in order to occupy oneself w. it later Mk 9:10.⑦ to cause a condition to continue, hold in place κ. τὰς ἁμαρτίας pronounce the sins unforgiven (opp. ἀφιέναι) J 20:23.—B. 746. DELG s.v. κράτος. M-M. TW. -
122 πρῶτος
πρῶτος, η, ον (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).① pert. to being first in a sequence, inclusive of time, set (number), or space, first of several, but also when only two persons or things are involved (=πρότερος; exx. in Hdb. on J 1:15; Rdm.2 71f; Thackeray 183; s. also Mlt. 79; 245; B-D-F §62; Rob. 516; 662; and s. Mt 21:31 v.l.).ⓐ of time first, earliest, earlierα. as adj. ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Phil 1:5; cp. Ac 20:18 (on the absence of the art. [also Phil 1:5 v.l.] s. B-D-F §256; Rob. 793). ἡ πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16 (MMeinertz, Worauf bezieht sich die πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16?: Biblica 4, 1923, 390–94). ἡ πρ. διαθήκη Hb 9:15. τὰ πρῶτα ἔργα Rv 2:5. ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη 20:5f. ἡ πρώτη ὅρασις Hv 3, 10, 3; 3, 11, 2; 4. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ πρ. 2 Cl 14:1.—Subst. τὰ πρ. … τὰ ἔσχατα (Job 8:7): γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων Mt 12:45; cp. Lk 11:26; 2 Pt 2:20; Hv 1, 4, 2. οἱ πρῶτοι (those who came earlier, as Artem. 2, 9 p. 93, 19 those who appeared earlier) Mt 20:10; cp. vs. 8. ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων 21:36. Cp. 27:64. πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν the first to rise from the dead Ac 26:23. ὁ πρῶτος the first one J 5:4; 1 Cor 14:30. On the self-designation of the Risen Lord ὁ πρ. καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος Rv 1:17; 2:8; 22:13; s. ἔσχατος 2b (πρ. of God: Is 44:6; 48:12).—As a predicate adj., where an adv. can be used in English (ParJer 1:8 εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ πρῶτος ἀνοίξω τὰς πύλας; B-D-F §243; Rob. 657), as the first one = first ἦλθεν πρῶτος he was the first one to come = he came first J 20:4; cp. vs. 8. πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει Ro 10:19. Ἀβραὰμ πρῶτος περιτομὴν δούς Abraham was the first to practice circumcision B 9:7. οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ πρῶτοι κτισθέντες the angels who were created first Hv 3, 4, 1; Hs 5, 5, 3.—1 Ti 2:13; 1J 4:19; AcPlCor 2:9.—ἐν ἐμοὶ πρώτῳ in me as the first 1 Ti 1:16.—Used w. a gen. of comparison (Ocelus Luc. 3 ἐκεῖνο πρῶτον τοῦ παντός ἐστιν=prior to the All; Manetho 1, 329; Athen. 14, 28 p. 630c codd.) πρῶτός μου ἦν he was earlier than I = before me J 1:15, 30 (PGM 13, 543 σοῦ πρῶτός εἰμι.—Also Ep. 12 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I p. 348, 30 τὸ τῇ τάξει δεύτερον οὐδέποτε τῇ φύσει πρῶτον). So perh. also ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν 15:18 (s. β below) and πάντων πρώτη ἐκτίσθη Hv 2, 4, 1.—As a rule the later element is of the same general nature as the one that precedes it. But it can also be someth. quite different, even its exact opposite: τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12. τὴν ἀγάπην σου τὴν πρώτην ἀφῆκες Rv 2:4.—Used elliptically ἡ πρώτη (i.e. ἡμέρα sim. Polyb. 5, 19, 1; 18, 27, 2 τῇ πρώτῃ) τῶν ἀζύμων Mt 26:17. πρώτῃ σαββάτου on the first day of the week Mk 16:9. In some of the passages mentioned above the idea of sequence could be predom.β. the neuter πρῶτον as adv., of time first, in the first place, before, earlier, to begin with (Peripl. Eryth. 4; Chariton 8, 2, 4; ApcEsdr 3:11; Just., D. 2, 4) πρῶτον πάντων first of all Hv 5:5a. ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι let me first go and bury Mt 8:21. συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια gather the weeds first 13:30. Cp. 17:10, 11 v.l.; Mk 7:27; 9:11f; 13:10; Lk 9:59, 61; 12:1 ( first Jesus speaks to his disciples, and only then [vs. 15] to the people. If one prefers to take πρ. w. what follows, as is poss., it has mng. 2a); 14:28, 31; J 7:51; 18:13; Ac 26:20; Ro 15:24 al. in NT; B 15:7; Hv 3, 1, 8; 3, 6, 7; 3, 8, 11; 5:5b. τότε πρῶτον then for the first time Ac 11:26 D. πρῶτον … καὶ τότε first … and then (Sir 11:7; Jos., Ant. 13, 187) Mt 5:24; 7:5; 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 6:42; IEph 7:2. τότε is correlative w. πρῶτον without καί J 2:10 v.l. Likew. πρῶτον … εἶτα (εἶτεν) first … then (Just., D. 33, 2 al.; s. εἶτα 1) Mk 4:28; 1 Ti 3:10; B 6:17. πρῶτον … ἔπειτα (ἔπειτα 2) 1 Cor 15:46; 1 Th 4:16. πρῶτον … μετὰ ταῦτα Mk 16:9, s. vs. 12. πρῶτον … εἶτα … μετὰ ταῦτα 1 Cl 23:4; 2 Cl 11:3 (in both cases the same prophetic saying of unknown origin). πρῶτον … ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ Ac 7:12.—Pleonastically πρῶτον πρὸ τοῦ ἀρίστου Lk 11:38.—W. gen. (Chariton 5, 4, 9 cod. πρῶτον τ. λόγων=before it comes to words) ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν it hated me before ( it hated) you J 15:18 (but s. 1aα).—W. the art. τὸ πρῶτον (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 402; 14, 205) the first time J 10:40; 19:39; at first (Diod S 1, 85, 2; Jos., Ant. 2, 340) 12:16; 2 Cl 9:5. τὰ πρῶτα (Hom. et al.; Appian, Syr. 15 §64; Ps.-Phoc. 8) the first time, at first MPol 8:2.ⓑ of number or sequence (the area within which this sense is valid cannot be marked off w. certainty from the area 1aα)α. as adj. Mt 21:28; 22:25; Mk 12:20; Lk 14:18; 16:5; 19:16; 20:29; J 19:32; Ac 12:10; 13:33 v.l.; Rv 4:7; 8:7; 21:19; Hs 9, 1, 5. τὸ πρῶτον … τὸ δεύτερον (Alex. Aphr., An. p. 28, 9 Br.) Hb 10:9. On πρώτης τῆς μερίδος Μακεδονίας πόλις Ac 16:12 s. μερίς 1 and RAscough, NTS 44, ’98, 93–103.—Since πρῶτος can stand for πρότερος (s. 1 at beg.; also Mlt-Turner 32), it by no means follows from τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον Ac 1:1 that the writer of Luke and of Ac must have planned to write a third book (Zahn, NKZ 28, 1917, 373ff, Comm. 1919, 16ff holds that he planned to write a third volume; against this view s. EGoodspeed, Introd. to the NT ’37, 189; Haenchen, et al.—Athenaeus 15, 701c mentions the first of Clearchus’ two books on proverbs with the words ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν, but 10, 457c with ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν. Diod S 1, 42, 1 the first half of a two-part work is called ἡ πρώτη βίβλος and 3, 1, 1 mentions a division into πρώτη and δευτέρα βίβ. In 13, 103, 3 the designation for the first of two works varies between ἡ πρώτη σύνταξις and ἡ προτέρα ς. See Haenchen on Ac 1:1).—πρῶτος is also used without any thought that the series must continue: τὸν πρῶτον ἰχθύν the very first fish Mt 17:27. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο Lk 2:2, likewise, does not look forward in the direction of additional censuses, but back to a time when there were none at all (Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 227 D. παράκλησις αὕτη [=challenge to a sea-fight] πρώτη ἐγένετο; for interpolation theory s. JWinandy, RB 104, ’97, 372–77; cp. BPearson, CBQ, ’99, 262--82).—τὰ τείχη τὰ πρῶτα Hs 8, 6, 6 does not contrast the ‘first walls’ w. other walls; rather it distinguishes the only walls in the picture (Hs 8, 7, 3; 8, 8, 3) as one edifice, from the tower as the other edifice.β. adv., the neuter πρῶτον of sequence in enumerations (not always clearly distinguished fr. sense 1aβ) first πρῶτον ἀποστόλους, δεύτερον προφήτας, τρίτον … 1 Cor 12:28 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 II, 10ff [II A.D.] τὸ πρ. … τὸ δεύτερον … τὸ τρίτον. Without the art. 480, 12ff [II A.D.]; Diod S 36, 7, 3; Tat. 40, 1). See Hb 7:2; Js 3:17.—Not infrequently Paul begins w. πρῶτον μέν without continuing the series, at least in form (B-D-F §447, 4; Rob. 1152. For πρ. without continuation s. Plat., Ep. 7, 337b, Plut., Mor. 87b; Jos., Ant. 1, 182; Ath. 27, 1 πρῶτα μέν) Ro 1:8; 3:2; 1 Cor 11:18. S. also 2 Cl 3:1.ⓒ of space outer, anterior σκηνὴ ἡ πρώτη the outer tent, i.e. the holy place Hb 9:2; cp. vss. 6, 8.② pert. to prominence, first, foremost, most important, most prominentⓐ adj.α. of things (Ocellus [II B.C.] 56 Harder [1926] πρώτη κ. μεγίστη φυλακή; Ael. Aristid. 23, 43 K.=42 p. 783 D.: πόλεις; Ezk 27:22; PsSol 17:43; χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον; JosAs 15:10) ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή Mt 22:38; cp. Mk 12:29. ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων vs. 28 (OLehmann, TU 73, ’59, 557–61 [rabb.]; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, cites JosAs 15:10; 18:5). Without superl. force ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ a commandment of great importance, with a promise attached Eph 6:2 (the usual transl. ‘first commandment w. a promise’ [NRSV, REB et al.] loses sight of the fact that Ex 20:4–6=Dt 5:8–10 has an implied promise of the same kind as the one in Ex 20:12=Dt 5:16. πρ. here is best taken in the same sense as in Mk 12:29 above). στολὴν τὴν πρώτην the special robe Lk 15:22 (JosAs 15:10).—ἐν πρώτοις among the first = most important things, i.e. as of first importance 1 Cor 15:3 (Pla., Pol. 522c ὸ̔ καὶ παντὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἀνάγκη μανθάνειν; Epict., Ench. 20; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 14 II, 9 ἐν πρώτοις ἐρωτῶ σε; Josh 9:2d).β. of persons (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 35 πρ. καὶ μέγιστος θεός; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 18 [Stone p. 64]; ApcSed 5:2; Jos., Ant. 15, 398; Just., A I, 60, 5 al. τὸν πρῶτον θεόν) ὸ̔ς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος whoever wishes to be the first among you Mt 20:27; Mk 10:44; cp. 9:35. πρῶτος Σίμων Mt 10:2 is not meant to indicate the position of Simon in the list, since no other numbers follow, but to single him out as the most prominent of the twelve. W. gen. ὧν (=τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) πρῶτός εἰμι 1 Ti 1:15. Pl. (οἱ) πρῶτοι in contrast to (οἱ) ἔσχατοι Mt 19:30; 20:16; Mk 9:35; 10:31; Lk 13:30; Ox 654, 25f (cp. GTh 4; sim. Sallust. 9 p. 16, 21f τοῖς ἐσχάτοις … τοῖς πρώτοις; s. ἔσχατος 2).—αἱ πρώται prominent women (in the phrase γυναικῶν τε τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι) Ac 17:4 (s. New Docs 1, 72). οἱ πρῶτοι the most prominent men, the leading men w. gen. of place (Jos., Ant. 7, 230 τῆς χώρας) οἱ πρ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mk 6:21; cp. Ac 13:50 (in phrasing sim. to πολλὰς μὲν γυναῖκας εὐγενεῖς καὶ τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν ἤισχυναν=‘they dishonored many well-born women as well as men of high station’ Theopomp.: 115 Fgm. 121 Jac. p. 563, 33f), or of a group (Strabo 13, 2, 3 οἱ πρ. τῶν φίλων; Jos., Ant. 20, 180) οἱ πρ. τοῦ λαοῦ (Jos., Ant. 11, 141) Lk 19:47; cp. Ac 25:2; 28:17. On ὁ πρῶτος τῆς νήσου vs. 7 (πρῶτος Μελιταίων IGR I, 512=IG XIV, 601; cp. CB I/2, 642 no. 535 ὁ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ πόλει; p. 660 no. 616; SEG XLI, 1345, 14f; cp. CIL X, 7495, 1; s. Hemer, Acts 153, n. 152; Warnecke, Romfahrt 119ff) s. Πόπλιος.ⓑ adv. πρῶτον of degree in the first place, above all, especially (Jos., Ant. 10, 213) ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν Mt 6:33. Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι Ro 1:16; cp. 2:9f.—Ac 3:26; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. Of the Macedonian Christians ἑαυτοὺς ἔδωκαν πρῶτον τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἡμῖν they gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and (then) to us 2 Cor 8:5. παρακαλῶ πρῶτον πάντων first of all I urge 1 Ti 2:1.—B. 939. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
123 ἀγαπάω
ἀγαπάω impf. ἠγάπων; fut. ἀγαπήσω; 1 aor. ἠγάπησα; pf. ἠγάπηκα, ptc. ἠγαπηκώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἠγαπήκει Is. 2:25. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀγαπηθήσομαι; 1 aor. 2 sg. ἠγαπήθης Sir 47:16; pf. ptc. ἠγαπημένος (in var. mngs. Hom.+.—STromp de Ruiter, Gebruik en beteekenis van ἀγαπᾶν in de Grieksche Litteratuur 1930; CRichardson, Love: Gk. and Christian, JR 23, ’43,173–85).① to have a warm regard for and interest in another, cherish, have affection for, loveⓐ by human beings (Pind., Pla. et al.)α. to a broad range of persons, apart from recipients of special devotion, for which see β; w. obj. given γυναῖκας Eph 5:25, 28, 33 (on proper attitude of the husband cp. Plut., Mor. 142e); Col 3:19; ὡς ἀδελφήν Hv 1, 1, 1. τὸν πλησίον Mt 5:43; 19:19; 22:39; Mk 12:31, 33 (on 33b s. Aristaen., Ep. 2, 13, end φιλῶ σε ὡς ἐμαυτήν); Ro 13:9; Gal 5:14; Js 2:8; B 19:5 (all quots. fr. Lev 19:18); s. πλησίον 2; τὸν ἕτερον Ro 13:8. τὸν ἀδελφόν 1J 2:10; 3:10; 4:20f. τοὺς ἀδελφούς 3:14. τὰ τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ 5:2. ἀλλήλους J 13:34; 15:12, 17; 1J 3:11, 23; 4:7, 11f; 2J 5; Ro 13:8; 1 Th 4:9. τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας Mt 5:46; Lk 6:32. τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 7:5. τοὺς ἐχθρούς Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27, 35; s. WvanUnnik, NovT 8, ’66, 284–300, and s. ἐχθρός 2bβ; ἀ. τινα ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν love someone more than one’s own life B 1:4; 4:6; 19:5; D 2:7 (cp. Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 42 ὑπερφυῶς ἀ.; Kaibel 716, 5 φίλους ὑπὲρ ἁτὸν [=αὑτὸν] ἐτίμα). εἰ περισσοτέρως ὑμᾶς ἀγαπῶ, ἧσσον ἀγαπῶμαι; if I love you the more, am I to be loved less? 2 Cor 12:15; ἀ. πολύ, ὀλίγον show much or little affection Lk 7:47; cp. πλεῖον ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν will love him more vs. 42 (on the love-hate pair s. AFridrichsen, Svensk Exegetisk Årsbok 5, ’40, 152–62.—The meaning be grateful is suggested for Lk 7:42 by HWood, ET 66, ’55, 319, after JJeremias. See Jos., Bell. 1, 392 and Ps 114:1 LXX). Abs. ἡμεῖς ἀγαπῶμεν 1J 4:19. πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν vs. 7. ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν vs. 8. W. indication of the kind of affection: ἀ. ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χρ. I Mg 6:2. Opp. μισεῖν (Dt 21:15–17) Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13.β. to transcendent recipients of special devotion: to Jesus 1 Pt 1:8. Esp. in J: 8:42; 14:15, 21, 23f; 21:15f (always spoken by Jesus).—On the last passage s. AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 46–49; EMcDowell, RevExp 32, ’35, 422–41; Goodsp., Probs. 116–18; JScott, ClW 39, ’45–’46, 71f; 40, ’46–’47, 60f; M-EBoismard, RB 54, ’47, 486f.—ἀ. and φιλέω may be used interchangeably here (cp. the freq. interchange of synonyms elsewh. in the same chapter [βόσκειν–ποιμαίνειν, ἀρνία–προβάτια, ἑλκύειν–σύρειν], but s. KMcKay, NovT 27, ’85, 319–33; also φιλέω).—To God (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 61; Sextus 442; 444; ParJer 6:6; LXX; Philo, Post. Caini 69; Jos., Ant. 7, 269; TestBenj 3:1; 4:5) Mt 22:37; Mk 12:30, 33; Lk 10:27 (all Dt 6:5); Ro 8:28; 1 Cor 2:9; 8:3. Of affection for the Creator B 19:2.ⓑ of the affection of transcendent beingsα. for ordinary human beings (Dio Chrys. 3, 60 ἀγαπώμενος ὑπὸ θεῶν; 79 [28], 13; CIG 5159 Βρουτταρᾶτος, ὸ̔ν ἀγαπᾷ ἡ Φαρία ῏Ισις; Norden, Agn. Th. 225 ὸ̔ν Ἄμμων ἀγαπᾷ; 226 [= OGI 90, 4]; s. β below; LXX; Jos., Ant. 8, 173; 314; TestNapht 8:4, 10) Ro 8:37; 9:13 (Mal 1:2); 2 Th 2:16; Hb 12:6 (Pr 3:12); J 14:21 (τηρηθήσεται P75); 1J 4:10, 19; 1 Cl 56:4 (Pr 3:12). ἱλαρὸν δότην 2 Cor 9:7.—Jesus’ affection for people Ἰ. ἠγάπησεν αὐτον J. liked him or was fond of him Mk 10:21 (displayed affection, caressed him has also been suggested; cp. X., Cyr. 7, 5, 50; Plut., Pericl. 152 [1, 1] al.).—Gal 2:20; Eph 5:2; J 11:5; 15:9; B 1:1. Of the beloved disciple J 13:23; 19:26; 21:7, 20; s. Hdb.3 on J 13:23, also JMaynard, JSOR 13, 1929, 155–59; Bultmann ad loc. et al.; AKragerud, Der Lieblingsjünger im Johannesevangelium, ’59; LJohnson, ET 77, ’66, 157f; see also μαθητής 2bα.—W. pf. pass. ptc. (cp. β) ἀδελφοὶ ἠ. ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ (cp. Sir 45:1; 46:13) 1 Th 1:4; 2 Th 2:13; ἅγιοι καὶ ἠ. Col 3:12; τοῖς ἐν θεῷ πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις Jd 1; ἐκκλησία ἠ. ITr ins; IRo ins.—Ro 9:25 (Hos 2:25 v.l.).β. for other transcendent beings: God’s love for Jesus J 3:35; 10:17; 17:26, from before creation 17:24. Here belongs also the pf. pass. ptc. the one loved by God (cp. Dt 32:15; 33:5, 26; Is 44:2) as designation of Jesus (cp. ParJer 3:11; AscIs 3:4; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 6 [Stone p. 4] Ἀβραὰμ τὸν ἠ. μου φίλον; OGI 90, 4 [II B.C.] an Egyptian king is ἠγαπημένος ὑπό τοῦ Φθᾶ; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 109, 12 [III B.C.] a king ἠγαπημένος ὑπὸ τ. Ἴσιδος) Eph 1:6; B 3:6; 4:3, 8. ἠγαπημένος παῖς αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 59:2f; υἱὸς ἠ. Hs 9, 12, 5. Of Jerusalem τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἠ. (Sir 24:11) Rv 20:9.—S. the lit. on φιλέω 1a.—Jesus’ love for God J 14:31.② to have high esteem for or satisfaction with someth., take pleasure in (Aesop, Fab. 156 P.)—Appian, Mithrid. 57 §230 τὰ προτεινόμενα=the proffered terms. PsSol 14:6 ἡμέραν ἐν μετοχῇ ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν day of partnership in their sin. Also striving after someth. (Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 124 Jac. τιμήν; Diod. S 11, 46, 2 τ. πλοῦτον; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §215 citizenship; SIG 1268 I, 9 [III B.C.] φιλίαν ἀγάπα=‘value friendship’; pap of early Ptolemaic times in WCrönert, NGG 1922, 31; Ps 39:17; Sir 3:26) τὴν πρωτοκαθεδρίαν καὶ τοὺς ἀσπασμούς Lk 11:43. μισθὸν ἀδικίας 2 Pt 2:15. τὸν κόσμον 1J 2:15. τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 2 Ti 4:10; Pol 9:2. δικαιοσύνην (Wsd 1:1; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 22) Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). σεμνότητα Hm 5, 2, 8. τὴν ἀλήθειαν (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 296; TestReub 3:9) 1 Cl 18:6 (Ps 50:8); Hm 3:1. Opp. ἀ. ψεύδη B 20:2. ὅρκον ψευδῆ 2:8 (Zech 8:17). μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς J 3:19 (on ἀγ. μᾶλλον w. acc. cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 350 and see μᾶλλον 3c); ἀ. τὴν δόξαν τ. ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἤπερ τ. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ value the approval of human beings more highly than that of God 12:43 (cp. Pla. Phdr. 257e). ζωήν enjoy life (Sir 4:12) 1 Pt 3:10; also τὴν ψυχήν (Sir 30:23 v.l.) Rv 12:11.—Hence long for τὶ someth. (Ps 39:17) τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ his appearing 2 Ti 4:8. W. inf. fol. wish (Anton. Lib. 40, 1 ἠγάπησεν ἀεὶ παρθένος εἶναι) ἀ. ἡμέρας ἱδεῖν ἀγαθάς to see good days 1 Cl 22:2 (Ps 33:13). τὸ παθεῖν wish for martyrdom ITr 4:2.—ἀγάπην ἀ. (2 Km 13:15) show love J 17:26; Eph 2:4; show one’s admiration τὰ δεσμά for my bonds i.e. they were not embarrassed by them IPol 2:3 (not kiss; there is so far no evidence for that mng. of ἀ.).—ISm 7:1 the context seems to require for ἀ. the sense ἀγάπην ποιεῖν (8:2)=hold a love-feast, but so far this mng. cannot be confirmed lexically. But since the noun ἀγάπη is used absolutely in 6:2 in the sense ‘concern for’ someone, it may be that ἀγαπᾶν in 7:1 refers to acts of kindness.③ to practice/express love, prove one’s love J 13:1, 34 (perh. an allusion to the agape or love-feast, s. ἀγάπη 2). Abs. w. indication of the means μὴ ἀγαπῶμεν λόγῳ μηδὲ τῇ γλώσσῃ ἀλλὰ ἐν ἔργῳ let us show our love with deeds as well as w. word or tongue (TestGad 6:1 ἀγαπήσατε ἀλλήλους ἐν ἔργῳ) 1J 3:18; cp. ἀ. τῷ στόματι love w. the mouth 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:36 Swete; ed. Rahlfs ’31 v.l.).—RJoly, Le vocabulaire chretien de l’amour est-il original? ’68.—B. 1110. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
124 ἀποστρέφω
ἀποστρέφω fut. ἀποστρέψω; 1 aor. ἀπέστρεψα. Pass.: fut. ἀποστραφήσομαι LXX; 2 aor. ἀπεστράφην; pf. ἀπέστραμμαι (Hom.+).① gener. to turn someth. away from someth., turn away, freq. τὶ ἀπό τινος (BGU 955, 1; Ex 23:25; Job 33:17; Pr 4:27; Sir 4:5 al.) lit. of bodily gestures ἀπὸ τ. ἀληθείας τ. ἀκοὴν ἀ. turn away one’s ear fr. the truth=be unwilling to listen to the truth 2 Ti 4:4. ἀ. τὸ πρόσωπον (oft. LXX) turn away one’s face 1 Cl 18:9 (Ps 50:11). ἀπέστραπται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ his face is turned away 16:3 (Is 53:3). ἀπεστραμμένοι ἦσαν they (i.e. their faces) were turned away Hv 3, 10, 1.② to cause change in belief or behavior, fig. ext. of 1.ⓐ positive turn, turn away, ἀ. ψυχὴν εἰς τὸ σωθῆναι turn a soul to salvation 2 Cl 15:1 (cp. PsSol 18:4). τ. ὀργὴν ἀπό τινος (cp. 1 Macc 3:8) turn away wrath fr. someone Hv 4, 2, 6. ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ will remove ungodliness fr. Jacob Ro 11:26 (Is 59:20). Prob. also Ac 3:26 (w. numerous translators; cp. Job 33:17), but some interpret intr. (cp. Ezk 3:18, 19, 20; Sir 8:5; 17:26: B-D-F §308; Rob. 800).ⓑ neg. mislead ἀ. τὸν λαόν mislead the people, cause them to revolt Lk 23:14 (cp. 2 Ch 18:31; Jer 48:10); Ac 20:30 D (foll. by ὀπίσω ἑαυτῶν). τ. γυναῖκας κ. τὰ τέκνα mislead, alienate Lk 23:2 v.l. (Marcion).③ turn away from by rejecting, reject, repudiate mid. (also 2d aor. pass. in act. sense) ἀ. τινά or τὶ (so w. acc. since Aristoph., Pax 683; X., Cyr. 5, 5, 36; PSI 392, 11 [III B.C.] ὁ δεῖνα οὐκ ἀπεστραμμένος αὐτόν; PGM 13, 620 Σάραπι, … μὴ ἀποστραφῇς με; Hos 8:3; Jer 15:6; 3 Macc 3:23; 4 Macc 1:33; 5:9; τὴν δέησιν ἡμῶν PsSol 5:5; EpArist 236; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 93 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 135; 6, 340; 20, 166) ἀ. με πάντες everybody has turned away fr. me 2 Ti 1:15. ἀ. τὸν ἐνδεόμενον turn away fr. the needy D 4:8; 5:2; B 20:2. ἀ. τὸν θέλοντα ἀπὸ σοῦ δανείσασθαι turn away fr. him who wants to borrow fr. you Mt 5:42. ἀ. τὸν ἀπʼ οὐρανῶν reject the one fr. heaven Hb 12:25. τὴν ἀλήθειαν Tit 1:14 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 25 §99 τὴν πολιτείαν=reject the form of government; Jos., Ant. 2, 48 τὴν ἀξίωσιν; 4, 135). ὅτι οὐκ ἀπεστράφη ἐπʼ αὐτούς because (God) did not turn away (in wrath) against them GJs 8:1; but the unusual phrase has undergone other interpretation, s. 5. For Ac 3:26 s. 2a.④ to return someth. to its customary place, return, put back τὶ Mt 27:3 v.l.; ἀ. τ. μάχαιραν εἰς τ. τόπον αὐτῆς Mt 26:52 (cp. Jer 35:3).⑤ turn back w. 2 aor. pass. in act. sense (Heraclides Pont., Fgm. 49 Wehrli: the statue of Hera ἀπεστράφη=turned around; Noah’s raven οὐκ ἀπεστράφη πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν κιβωτόν, cp. ApcMos 42) fig. ἀπεστράφησαν ἐν τ. καρδίαις εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:39 D. Various forms of GJs 8:1 (s. 3 end; the text of Tdf. and the vv.ll. in de Strycker) point to the rendering because (Mary) did not turn back to go with them.—DELG s.v. στρέφω. M-M. TW. -
125 ἑαυτοῦ
ἑαυτοῦ, ῆς, οῦ, pl. ἑαυτῶν, reflexive pron. (Hom.+; JosAs 7:6 [oft. cod. A; 3:2 αὐτοῦ]). Editors variously replace contract forms αὑτοῦ and αὑτῶν of later mss. w. uncontracted forms or w. αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν; cp., e.g., the texts of Mk 9:16; Lk 23:12; J 2:24; 20:10; Ac 14:17; Ro 1:24; Eph 2:15; Hb 5:3; 1J 5:10; Rv 8:6; 18:7 in GNT1–3 w. GNT4; s. also Merk’s treatment of these same pass. Cp. the ms. evidence for Phil 3:21 in GNT1–3 w. its absence in GNT4. (W-S. §223 16; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 305; I2/2, 65; Rob. 226; Mlt-Turner 190; M-M. s.v. αὑτοῦ; RBorger, TRu 52, ’88, 17–19).① indicator of identity w. the pers. speaking or acting, selfⓐ of the third pers. sing. and pl. ταπεινοῦν ἑαυτόν humble oneself Mt 18:4; 23:12. Opp. ὑψοῦν ἑ. exalt oneself 23:12; δοξάζειν ἑ. glorify oneself Rv 18:7 v.l. ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἑ. deny oneself 16:24; Mk 8:34 (Mel, P. 26, 181). ἀμάρτυρον ἑ. ἀφεῖναι leave oneself without witness Ac 14:17 v.l.; ἑτοιμάζειν ἑ. prepare oneself Rv 8:6 v.l. εὐνουχίζειν ἑ. make a eunuch of oneself Mt 19:12; σῴζειν ἑ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 137) 27:42; κατακόπτειν ἑ. beat oneself Mk 5:5; πιστεύειν ἑαυτόν τινι J 2:24 v.l. et al.; ἀγοράζειν τι ἑαυτῷ buy someth. for oneself Mt 14:15; Mk 6:36; θησαυρίζων ἑαυτῷ lay up assets for oneself Lk 12:21. ὑποτάσσειν ἑ. Phil 3:21 v.l. W. the middle (cp. X., Mem. 1, 6, 13 ποιεῖσθαι ἑαυτῷ φίλον; Sir 37:8): διεμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς they divided among them J 19:24 (Ps 21:19).—The simple dat. may also be used to emphasize the subject as agent (Hdt. 1, 32; Strabo 2, 1, 35; POxy 2351, 49; Ps 26:12; SSol 1:8) βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρόν bearing the cross without help J 19:17; ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται they themselves will be responsible for the judgment they are to receive Ro 13:2; οὐκ ἐπαινοῦμεν τοὺς προσιόντας ἑαυτοῖς we do not commend those who take the initiative in advancing themselves MPol 4; cp. στρῶσον σεαυτῷ make your own bed Ac 9:34.—Rydbeck 51–61.—Used esp. w. prep.α. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (ἀπό 5eα; TestAbr A 19 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8 ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἑλόμενος τὸ ἀγαθόν; Tat. 17, 4 ἐχθρὸν ἀμυνεῖται): ποιεῖν τι do someth. of one’s own accord J 5:19. λαλεῖν speak on one’s own authority (Diod S 12, 66, 2 ἐκήρυξέ τις ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; i.e. without orders from a higher authority) 7:18; 16:13; λέγειν 11:51; 18:34 v.l. (M. Ant. 11, 19 τοῦτο οὐκ ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ μέλλεις λέγειν). καρπὸν φέρειν bear fruit by itself 15:4. ἱκανὸν εἶναι be competent by oneself 2 Cor 3:5 (ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν interchanging w. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν; s. also 1aδ). γινώσκειν know by oneself Lk 21:30. κρίνειν judge for oneself 12:57 (ἐξετάζειν Ath. 18, 1).β. διʼ ἑαυτοῦ (POxy 273, 21; PTebt 72, 197; TestJob 16:4): κοινὸς διʼ ἑαυτοῦ unclean in itself Ro 14:14 (EpJer 26; Just., A I, 54, 8; A II, 10, 8; D. 56, 1).γ. ἐν ἑαυτῷ to or in oneself, εὐπαρεπέστατον ἦν ἐν αὑτῷ τὸ ὄρος Hs 9, 1, 10. J 13:32 v.l.; Ro 1:24 v.l.; Eph 2:15 v.l. Otherw. mostly w. verbs of speaking, in contrast to audible utterance; s. διαλογίζομαι 1, εἶπον 6, λέγω 1bζ; otherw. ἔχειν τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ have someth. in oneself (cp. Jdth 10:19; Jos., Ant. 8, 171; Just., D. 8, 2; Ath. 10, 2) J 5:26, 42; 6:53; 17:13; 2 Cor 1:9. Gener., of what takes place in the inner consciousness διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17. Esp. γίνεσθαι ἐν ἑαυτῷ come to one’s senses 12:11 (X., An. 1, 5, 17 ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11 ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος). Also:δ. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν (Soph., El. 343 ἐκ σαυτῆς; Theophr. Fgm. 96 [in Ps.-Demetr. 222] ἐξ αὑτοῦ) of (our) own strength 2 Cor 3:5.ε. εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἔρχεσθαι come to one’s senses Lk 15:17 (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; GrBar 17:3).ζ. καθʼ ἑαυτόν by oneself (X., Mem. 3, 5, 4; Plut., Anton. 940 [54, 1 and 2]; 2 Macc 13:13; Just., D. 4, 5; 74:2; Ath. 15, 2 al.) μένειν live by oneself (in a private house) Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρά ἐστιν καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith (when it remains) by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Diog. L. 1, 64 from a letter of Solon: religion and lawgivers can do nothing καθʼ ἑαυτά=if they are dependent on themselves alone).—βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθʼ ἑαυτῆς a kingdom that is divided against itself Mt 12:25.—μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν with oneself, themselves (cp. 1 Km 9:3; 24:3 ἔλαβεν μεθʼ ἑ.) Mt 12:45; 25:3.η. παρʼ ἑαυτῷ τιθέναι τι put someth. aside 1 Cor 16:2 (X., Mem. 3, 13, 3; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 68 οἴκαδε παρʼ αὑτῷ; Tat. 7, 2 λόγου δύναμις ἔχουσα παρʼ ἑαυτῇ τὸ προγνωστικόν ‘has in itself’).θ. περὶ ἑ. προσφέρειν make offering for himself Hb 5:3. τὰ περι ἑαυτοῦ the passages about himself Lk 24:27.ι. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσεύχεσθαι pray to oneself (=in silence) 18:11 (cp. Aristaen., Ep. 1, 6; 2 Macc 11:13; Jos., Ant. 11, 210; Vi. Aesopi G 9 P. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν εἶπεν; 38; Just., D. 62, 2 πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν ὁ θεός … πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγομεν). ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτόν, θαυμάζων τὸ γέγονος (Peter) went home, (all the while) marveling at what had taken place Lk 24:12 (FNeirynck, ETL 54, ’78, 104–18). ἀπέρχεσθαι πρὸς ἑαυτούς go home J 20:10 v.l. (for αὐτούς, cp. Polyb. 5, 93, 1; Num 24:25; Jos., Ant. 8, 124; s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 102f). Lk 23:12 v.l.ⓑ for the first and second pers. pl. (gener. H. Gk.; s. FKälker, Quaest. de elocut. Polyb. 1880, 277; Mlt. 87; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 303, w. further lit. in note 3; Rob. 689f) ἑαυτούς = ἡμᾶς αὐτούς (Themistocl., Ep. 15; Jos., Bell. 5, 536; Just., A I, 53, 3; D. 32, 5; 34, 1 al.; Tat. 30, 1; Ath. 12, 1) 1 Cor 11:31. ἐν ἑαυτοῖς = ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 8:23; 2 Cor 1:9; =ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 v.l. (En 6:2 ἐκλεξώμεθα ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας). διʼ ἑαυτῶν = διʼ ἡμῶν αὐ. 1 Cl 32:4; παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς = παρʼ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 (cp. Just., D. 141, 1 and Tat. 11:2 διʼ ἑαυτούς). ἑαυτοῖς = ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς (cp. En 15:3; TestJob 45:3; TestDan 6:1; Jos., Ant. 4, 190; 8, 277) Mt 23:31; Ro 11:25 v.l.; 1 Cl 47:7.—This replacement of the first and second pers. by the third is very much less common in the sg. (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 2, 143c; Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 6 σὺ … αὑτόν; Aelian, VH 1, 21; Galen, Protr. 10 p. 30, 10 John; Syntipas p. 115, 10 μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ=with me; TestJob 2:3 διελογιζόμην ἐν ἑαυτῷ; GrBar 17:3 εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθὼν δόξαν ἔφερον τῷ θεῷ. Transjordanian ins: NGG Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgr. V n.s. I/1 ’36, p. 3, 1; other exx. in Mlt. 87, n. 2; Mayser 304; Hauser 100), and can hardly be established w. certainty for the NT gener.: s. J 18:34 v.l.; Ro 13:9 v.l.; cp. ISm 4:2 (v.l. ἐμαυτόν); Hv 4, 1, 5 Joly (ἐμαυτῷ B.); Hs 2:1.② marker of reciprocal relationship, for the reciprocal pron. ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλήλους (also in earlier auth., Kühner-G. I 573; pap in Mayser 304; LXX; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἔδονται τὰ(ς) σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ αἱμα αὐτῶν πίονται; Tat. 3, 3.—W-S. §22, 13; B-D-F §287; Rob. 690) each other, one another συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτούς Mk 9:16 v.l. (s. VTaylor, Comm. ad. loc.; ASyn. app., w. correction of Tdf. app.); λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς as they said to each other Mk 10:26; cp. J 12:19 (πρὸς ἑ. as Antig. Car. 39 μάχεσθαι πρὸς αὑτούς; Lucian, Philops. 29, Ver. Hist. 1, 35; Tat. 26, 3 πολεμοῦντες … ἑαυτοῖς ἀλλήλους καθαιρεεῖτε). χαρίζεσθαι ἑαυτοῖς forgive one another Eph 4:32; Col 3:13. νουθετεῖν ἑαυτούς admonish one another vs. 16. εἰρηνεύειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς live in peace w. one another 1 Th 5:13; τὴν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἀγάπην 1 Pt 4:9.③ marker of possession by the pers. spoken of or acting, in place of the possessive pron. his, her (Mayser 304f; Mlt. 87f) Mt 8:22; 21:8; 25:1; Lk 2:39; 9:60; 11:21; 12:36 al. ESchwartz, Index lectionum 1905, 8f; DTabachovitz, Eranos 93, ’55, 76ff; ADihle, Noch einmal ἑαυτῷ: Glotta 39, ’60, 83–92; s. Rydbeck (1a beg.).—DELG. M-M. -
126 ἔχω
ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s controlα. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its partsα. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have asⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), gripⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.⑨ special combinationsⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.ⓑ of proximityα. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
127 ἴδιος
ἴδιος, ία, ον (Hom.+; s. B-D-F §286; W-S. §22, 17; Rob. 691f; Mlt-Turner 191f.—For the spelling ἵδιος s. on ὀλίγος.)① pert. to belonging or being related to oneself, one’s ownⓐ in contrast to what is public property or belongs to another: private, one’s own (exclusively) (opp. κοινός, as Pla., Pol. 7, 535b; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 41 §171; Ath. 25, 4) οὐδὲ εἷς τι τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι nor did anyone claim that anything the person had was private property or nor did anyone claim ownership of private possessions Ac 4:32; cp. D 4:8.ⓑ in respect to circumstance or condition belonging to an individual (opp. ἀλλότριος) κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δύναμιν according to each one’s capability (in contrast to that of others) Mt 25:15. τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἰ. ζητεῖ J 7:18; cp. 5:18, 43. ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν Lk 2:3 v.l. (for ἑαυτοῦ); sim. Mt 9:1 (noting the departure of Jesus to his home territory); cp. Dg 5:2. Christ ἐλευθερώσῃ πᾶσαν σάρκα διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. vs. 16 ἕκαστος τῇ ἰ. διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν Ac 2:8; cp. 1:19 τῇ ἰ. διαλέκτῳ αὐτῶν, without pron. 2:6 (Tat. 26, 1 τὴν ἰ. αὐτῆς … λέξιν); ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει 3:12; cp. 28:30; τἡν ἰ. (δικαιοσύνην) Ro 10:3; cp. 11:24; 14:4f. ἕκαστος τ. ἴ. μισθὸν λήμψεται κατὰ τ. ἴ. κόπον each will receive wages in proportion to each one’s labor 1 Cor 3:8. ἑκάστη τὸν ἴδιον ἄνδρα her own husband 7:2 (Diog. L. 8, 43 πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον ἄνδρα πορεύεσθαι). ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα 7:7. ἕκαστος τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον προλαμβάνει (s. προλαμβάνω 1c) 1 Cor 11:21 (Eratosth.: 241 Fgm. 16 Jac. of the festival known as Lagynophoria τὰ κομισθέντα αὑτοῖς δειπνοῦσι κατακλιθέντες … κ. ἐξ ἰδίας ἕκαστος λαγύνου παρʼ αὑτῶν φέροντες πίνουσιν ‘they dine on the things brought them … and they each drink from a flagon they have personally brought’. Evaluation: συνοίκια ταῦτα ῥυπαρά• ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὴν σύνοδον γίνεσθαι παμμιγοῦς ὄχλου ‘that’s some crummy banquet; it’s certainly a meeting of a motley crew’); cp. 1 Cor 9:7; 15:38. ἕκαστος τὸ ἴ. φορτίον βαστάσει Gal 6:5.—Tit 1:12; Hb 4:10; 7:27; 9:12; 13:12.—J 4:44 s. 2 and 3b.② pert. to a striking connection or an exclusive relationship, own (with emphasis when expressed orally, or italicized in written form) κοπιῶμεν ταῖς ἰ. χερσίν with our own hands 1 Cor 4:12 (first pers., cp. UPZ 13, 14 [158 B.C.] εἰμὶ μετὰ τ. ἀδελφοῦ ἰδίου=w. my brother; TestJob 34:3 ἀναχωρήσωμεν εἰς τὰς ἰδίας χώρας). ἐν τῷ ἰ. ὀφθαλμῷ in your own eye Lk 6:41; 1 Th 2:14; 2 Pt 3:17 (here the stability of the orthodox is contrasted with loss of direction by those who are misled by error). Ac 1:7 (God’s authority in sharp contrast to the apostles’ interest in determining a schedule of events). ἰ. θέλημα own will and ἰδία καρδία own heart or mind 1 Cor 7:37ab contrast with μὴ ἔχων ἀνάγκην ‘not being under compulsion’; hence ἰ. is not simply equivalent to the possessive gen. in the phrase ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. 1 Cor 6:18, ἰ. heightens the absurdity of sinning against one’s own body. Lk 10:34 (apparently the storyteller suggests that the wealthy Samaritan had more than one animal, but put his own at the service of the injured traveler). ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. ἐπὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἔμετον Pr 26:11), with heightening of disgust. Some would put J 4:44 here (s. 1 end). εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρόν Mt 22:5 (the rude guest prefers the amenities of his own estate). Mk 4:34b (Jesus’ close followers in contrast to a large crowd). Ac 25:19 (emphasizing the esoteric nature of sectarian disputes). Js 1:14 (a contrast, not between types of desire but of sources of temptation: those who succumb have only themselves to blame). διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου through his own blood Ac 20:28 (so NRSV mg.; cp. the phrase SIG 547, 37; 1068, 16 ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων commonly associated with the gifts of generous officials, s. 4b. That the ‘blood’ would be associated with Jesus would be quite apparent to Luke’s publics).③ pert. to a person, through substitution for a pronoun, own. Some of the passages cited in 2 may belong here. ἴ. is used for the gen. of αὐτός or the possess. pron., or for the possess. gen. ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν (this use found in Hellenistic wr. [Schmidt 369], in Attic [Meisterhans3-Schw. 235] and Magnesian [Thieme 28f] ins; pap [Kuhring—s. ἀνά beg.—14; Mayser II/2, 73f]. S. also Dssm., B 120f [BS 123f], and against him Mlt. 87–91. LXX oft. uses ἴ. without emphasis to render the simple Hebr. personal suffix [Gen 47:18; Dt 15:2; Job 2:11; 7:10, 13; Pr 6:2 al.], but somet. also employs it without any basis for it in the original text [Job 24:12; Pr 9:12; 22:7; 27:15]. Da 1:10, where LXX has ἴ., Theod. uses μου. 1 Esdr 5:8 εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν=2 Esdr 2:1 εἰς πόλιν αὐτοῦ; Mt 9:1 is formally sim., but its position in the narrative suggests placement in 1)ⓐ with the second pers. (Jos., Bell. 6, 346 ἰδίαις χερσίν=w. your own hands). Eph 5:22 (cp. vs. 28 τὰς ἑαυτῶν γυναῖκας); 1 Th 4:11; 1 Pt 3:1.ⓑ with the third pers. ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι J 4:44 (cp. ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ: Mt 13:57; Mk 6:4; Lk 4:24, but J 4:44 is expressed in a slightly difft. form and may therefore belong in 1b above); Mt 25:14; 15:20 v.l.; J 1:41 (UPZ 13, s. 2 above: ἀδ. ἴ.); Ac 1:19; 24:24; 1 Ti 6:1; Tit 2:5, 9; 1 Pt 3:5; MPol 17:3; AcPl Ha 3, 21; 4, 27 (context uncertain); τὸ ἴδιον πλάσμα AcPlCor 2:12, 1; ἴδιον χωρίον Papias (3:3).④ as subst., person or thing associated with an entityⓐ associates, relations οἱ ἴδιοι (comrades in battle: Polyaenus, Exc. 14, 20; SIG 709, 19; 22; 2 Macc 12:22; Jos., Bell. 1, 42, Ant. 12, 405; compatriots: ViHab 5 [p. 86, 7 Sch.]; Philo, Mos. 1, 177) fellow-Christians Ac 4:23; 24:23 (Just., D. 121, 3). The disciples (e.g., of a philosopher: Epict. 3, 8, 7) J 13:1. Relatives (BGU 37; POxy 932; PFay 110; 111; 112; 116; 122 al.; Vett. Val. 70, 5 ὑπὸ ἰδίων κ. φίλων; Sir 11:34; Just., A II, 7, 2 σὺν τοῖς ἰδίοις … Νῶε and D. 138, 2 Νῶε … μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων) 1 Ti 5:8; J 1:11b (the worshipers of a god are also so called: Herm. Wr. 1, 31).—Sg. τὸν ἴδιον J 15:19 v.l. (s. b below).ⓑ home, possessions τὰ ἴδια home (Polyb. 2, 57, 5; 3, 99, 4; Appian, Iber. 23; Peripl. Eryth. 65 εἰς τὰ ἴδια; POxy 4, 9f ἡ ἀνωτέρα ψυχὴ τ. ἴδια γεινώσκει; 487, 18; Esth 5:10; 6:12; 1 Esdr 6:31 [τὰ ἴδια αὐτοῦ=2 Esdr 6:11 ἡ οἰκία αὐτοῦ]; 3 Macc 6:27, 37; 7:8; Jos., Ant. 8, 405; 416, Bell. 1, 666; 4, 528) J 16:32 (EFascher, ZNW 39, ’41, 171–230); 19:27; Ac 5:18 D; 14:18 v.l.; 21:6; AcPl Ha 8, 5. Many (e.g. Goodsp, Probs. 87f; 94–96; Field, Notes 84; RSV; but not Bultmann 34f; NRSV) prefer this sense for J 1:11a and Lk 18:28; another probability in both these pass. is property, possessions (POxy 489, 4; 490, 3; 491, 3; 492, 4 al.). ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων from his own well-stocked supply (oft. in ins e.g. fr. Magn. and Priene, also SIG 547, 37; 1068, 16 [in such ins the focus is on the generosity of public-spirited officals who use their own resources to meet public needs]; Jos., Ant. 12, 158) J 8:44. The sg. can also be used in this way τὸ ἴδιον (SIG 1257, 3; BGU 1118, 31 [22 B.C.]) J 15:19 (v.l. τὸν ἴδιον, s. a above).—τὰ ἴδια one’s own affairs (X., Mem. 3, 4, 12; 2 Macc 9:20; 11:23 v.l., 26, 29) 1 Th 4:11, here πράσσειν τὰ ἴδια=mind your own business.— Jd 6 of one’s proper sphere.⑤ pert. to a particular individual, by oneself, privately, adv. ἰδίᾳ (Aristoph., Thu.; Diod S 20, 21, 5 et al.; ins, pap, 2 Macc 4:34; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 224, C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1f) 1 Cor 12:11; IMg 7:1.—κατʼ ἰδίαν (Machon, Fgm. 11 vs. 121 [in Athen. 8, 349b]; Polyb. 4, 84, 8; Diod S 1, 21, 6; also ins [SIG 1157, 12 καὶ κατὰ κοινὸν καὶ κατʼ ἰδίαν ἑκάστῳ al.]; 2 Macc 4:5; 14:21; JosAs 7:1; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 136; Just., D. 5, 2) privately, by oneself (opp. κοινῇ: Jos., Ant. 4, 310) Mt 14:13, 23; 17:1, 19; 20:17; 24:3; Mk 4:34a; 6:31f; 7:33 (Diod S 18, 49, 2 ἕκαστον ἐκλαμβάνων κατʼ ἰδίαν=‘he took each one aside’); 9:2 (w. μόνος added), 28; 13:3; Lk 9:10; 10:23; Ac 23:19; Gal 2:2 (on the separate meeting cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 199 τ. δυνατοὺς κατʼ ἰδίαν κ. τὸ πλῆθος ἐν κοινῷ συλλέγων; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 40 §170); ISm 7:2.⑥ pert. to being distinctively characteristic of some entity, belonging to/peculiar to an individual ἕκαστον δένδρον ἐκ τ. ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται every tree is known by its own fruit Lk 6:44. τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα his (own) sheep J 10:3f. εἰς τὸν τόπον τ. ἴδιον to his own place (= the place where he belonged) Ac 1:25; cp. 20:28. The expression τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο Ro 8:32 emphasizes the extraordinary nature of God’s gift: did not spare his very own Son (Paul’s association here with the ref. to pandemic generosity, ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πάντων παρέδωκεν αὐτο͂ν, contributes a semantic component to ἰ. in this pass.; for the pandemic theme see e.g. OGI 339, 29f; for donation of one’s own resources, ibid. 104; IGR 739, II, 59–62. For the term ὁ ἴδιος υἱός, but in difft. thematic contexts, see e.g. Diod S 17, 80, 1 of Parmenio; 17, 118, 1 of Antipater. In relating an instance in which a son was not spared Polyaenus 8, 13 has υἱὸς αὐτοῦ, evidently without emphasis, but Exc. 3, 7 inserts ἴδιος υἱός to emphasize the gravity of an officer’s own son violating an order.). 1 Cor 7:4ab. ἕκαστος ἐν. τ. ἰδίῳ τάγματι each one in his (own) turn 15:23 (cp. En 2:1 τ. ἰ. τάξιν). καιροὶ ἴδιοι the proper time (cp. Diod S 1, 50, 7 ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις χρόνοις; likew. 5, 80, 3; Jos., Ant. 11, 171; Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 3, 16; TestSol 6:3 ἐν καιρῷ ἰ.; Just., D. 131, 4 πρὸ τῶν ἰ. καιρῶν; Mel., P. 38, 258ff) 1 Ti 2:6; 6:15; Tit 1:3; 1 Cl 20:4; cp. 1 Ti 3:4f, 12; 4:2; 5:4. ἴδιαι λειτουργίαι … ἴδιος ὁ τόπος … ἴδιαι διακονίαι in each case proper: ministrations, … place, … services 1 Cl 40:5.—In ἰδία ἐπίλυσις 2 Pt 1:20 one’s own private interpretation is contrasted with the meaning intended by the author himself or with the interpretation of another person who is authorized or competent (s. ἐπίλυσις and WWeeda, NThSt 2, 1919, 129–35).—All these pass. are close to mng. 3; it is esp. difficult to fix the boundaries here.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
γυναικάς — ο αυτός που επιζητεί συνεχώς ερωτικές σχέσεις με πολλές γυναίκες … Dictionary of Greek
γυναικάς — ο αυτός που κυνηγάει ερωτικά τις γυναίκες, ο γυναικομανής … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
γυναῖκας — γυνή woman fem acc pl … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
αδράχτι της γυναίκας — Φυτό γνωστό επιστημονικά ως κάθαρμος ο εριώδης.Είναι μονοετής πόα, με βλαστό ύψους 30 50 εκ., όρθιο, χνουδωτό και πολύκλαδο συνήθως στην κορυφή. Τα φύλλα του είναι δερματώδη, χνουδωτά, ημιπερίβλαστα ή τα ανώτερα περίβλαστα, με λοβούς λογχοειδείς … Dictionary of Greek
Ελλάδα - Κοινωνία και Οικονομία (Αρχαιότητα) — ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΤΑ ΑΡΧΑΪΚΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΣ Η οικονομία στην Aρχαϊκή περίοδο Στον τομέα της οικονομίας, στην Aρχαϊκή περίοδο, σημειώθηκε μια σημαντική πρόοδος σε σχέση με τη Γεωμετρική περίοδο. Κατά τη διάρκεια της Γεωμετρικής… … Dictionary of Greek
γοργόνα — I Μυθολογικό πρόσωπο. Αναφέρεται και με το όνομα Γοργώ. Στην ελληνική μυθολογία, η Γοργώ είναι το φοβερό, δαιμονικό τέρας, η κόρη της Γαίας. Στην παλαιότερη εκδοχή του μύθου αναφέρεται ότι κατά τη Γιγαντομαχία, η Γαία, για να βοηθήσει τους γιους… … Dictionary of Greek
Ελλάδα - Ταφικά έθιμα αρχαιότητας — ΤΑΦΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΑΦΙΚΑ ΕΘΙΜΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΤΑ Στοιχεία για τις ταφικές συνήθειες και πρακτικές του ανθρώπου υπάρχουν ήδη από την Παλαιολιθική εποχή, για τον άνθρωπο του Νεάντερταλ, σε σπήλαια της Ευρώπης και της Ασίας. Οι νεκροί ενταφιάζονταν σε διάφορες … Dictionary of Greek
Μουσείο, Αρχαιολογικό Θεσσαλονίκης — Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης στεγάζεται από το 1962 σ’ ένα λιτό κτίριο στο κέντρο της πόλης (Μανόλη Ανδρόνικου 6), που χτίστηκε σε σχέδια του αρχιτέκτονα Πάτροκλου Καραντινού. Η αρχική έκθεση των ευρημάτων, που ολοκληρώθηκε το 1971,… … Dictionary of Greek
θηλασμός — Η πρώτη μορφή διατροφής των νεογνών του ανθρώπου και γενικότερα των θηλαστικών ζώων. Οι τρόποι και η διάρκεια του θ. ποικίλλουν ανάλογα με τα διάφορα είδη. Κατά τη διάρκεια της κύησης, ο μαστός ή μαζικός αδένας υφίσταται μεταβολές από την… … Dictionary of Greek
φεμινισμός — Ιδεολογικό κίνημα, που διεκδικεί την εξίσωση της γυναίκας με τον άντρα σε όλα τα πεδία της κοινωνικής ζωής. Φαινόμενο τυπικό των νεότερων χρόνων, εμφανίζεται ως θεωρία με τη Γαλλική επανάσταση. Έως τότε, το ζήτημα της θέσης της γυναίκας σε σχέση… … Dictionary of Greek
Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής — Επίσημη ονομασία: Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής Συντομευμένη ονομασία: ΗΠΑ (USA) Έκταση: 9.629.091 τ. χλμ Πληθυσμός: 278.058.881 κάτ. (2001) Πρωτεύουσα: Ουάσινγκτον (6.068.996 κάτ. το 2002)Κράτος της Βόρειας Αμερικής. Συνορεύει στα Β με τον… … Dictionary of Greek
