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ănĭmadverto

  • 1 animadverto

    ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:

    atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,

    Cic. Div. 2, 27:

    sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,

    id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

    dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,

    id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:

    illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:

    animos advertere, ne,

    Liv. 4, 45).—
    B.
    Esp., as t. t.
    1.
    Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):

    consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,

    Liv. 24, 44 fin. —
    2.
    Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:

    consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,

    Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—
    II.
    Transf., as a consequence of attention.
    A.
    To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).
    a.
    With acc.:

    Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:

    his animadversis,

    Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:

    Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:

    nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,

    id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—
    b.
    With acc. and inf.:

    postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

    qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 6, 3:

    turrim conlucere animadvertit,

    Tac. H. 3, 38.—
    c.
    With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—
    B.
    In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):

    boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:

    nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?

    Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

    ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 14:

    animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 5.—
    C.
    To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):

    Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,

    deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):

    O facinus animadvortendum,

    O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:

    animadvertenda peccata,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:

    res a magistratibus animadvertenda,

    id. Caecin. 12:

    neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,

    to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

    imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:

    qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,

    id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:

    in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;

    hence, effect for cause, animadverti,

    to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > animadverto

  • 2 animadverto

    animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus V
    pay attention to, attend to; notice, observe; judge, estimate; punish (in+ACC)

    Latin-English dictionary > animadverto

  • 3 animadverto

    to turn the mind to, take notice of, see, perceive.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > animadverto

  • 4 animadvertō or -vortō or (older) animum advertō

        animadvertō or -vortō or (older) animum advertō (constr. as one word), tī, sus, ere    [animum + adverto], to direct the mind, give attention to, attend to, consider, regard, observe: tuam rem, T.: eadem in pace: sed animadvertendum est diligentius quae sit, etc.: animum advertere debere, qualis, etc., N.: ad mores hominum regendos, L.: illud animadvertisse, ut ascriberem, etc. consul animadvertere proximum lictorem iussit, to call attention to the consul's presence, L.—To mark, notice, observe, perceive, see, discern: horum silentium: puerum dormientem: quod quale sit: Postquam id vos velle animum advorteram, T.: innocentes illos natos, etc., N.: haec... utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, whatever attention or consideration be given, L.: his animadversis, V.: illud ab Aristotele animadversum, the fact observed by. — To attend to, censure, blame, chastise, punish: ea ab illo animadvortenda iniuria est, deserves to be punished, T.: O facinus animadvortendum, worthy of punishment, T.: vox... in quā nihil animadverti possit, there is nothing censurable: neque animadvertere... nisi sacerdotibus permissum, Ta.: verberibus in civīs, S.: si in hunc animadvertissem: cum animadversum esset in iudices.

    Latin-English dictionary > animadvertō or -vortō or (older) animum advertō

  • 5 animadvorto

    ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:

    atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,

    Cic. Div. 2, 27:

    sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,

    id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

    dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,

    id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:

    illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:

    animos advertere, ne,

    Liv. 4, 45).—
    B.
    Esp., as t. t.
    1.
    Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):

    consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,

    Liv. 24, 44 fin. —
    2.
    Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:

    consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,

    Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—
    II.
    Transf., as a consequence of attention.
    A.
    To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).
    a.
    With acc.:

    Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:

    his animadversis,

    Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:

    Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:

    nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,

    id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—
    b.
    With acc. and inf.:

    postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

    qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 6, 3:

    turrim conlucere animadvertit,

    Tac. H. 3, 38.—
    c.
    With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—
    B.
    In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):

    boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:

    nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?

    Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

    ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 14:

    animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 5.—
    C.
    To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):

    Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,

    deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):

    O facinus animadvortendum,

    O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:

    animadvertenda peccata,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:

    res a magistratibus animadvertenda,

    id. Caecin. 12:

    neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,

    to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

    imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:

    qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,

    id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:

    in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;

    hence, effect for cause, animadverti,

    to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > animadvorto

  • 6 advertō (advortō）

       advertō (advortō） tī, sus, ere,    to turn to, turn towards, direct: In partem lumina, O.: agmen urbi, V.: terris proram, V.: classem in portum, L.: hue carinam, O.: Scythicas advertitur oras, steers to, O.: proram, to turn landward, V.: laeti advertuntur harenae, V. — To direct, turn: huc mentem, V.: malis numen, your power to (avenge my) wrongs, V.: animum adverte, attend: animum in eum: monitis animos advertite vestris, O.: adverte, give heed, V.: animis advertite vestris, V. — Animum adverto is often used like animadverto, as verb trans.: postquam id animum advertit, Cs.: animum advortit inter saxa cochleas, S.: quam rem vitio dent, T.: magnas esse copias hostium, etc., Cs.: tunc esset hoc animum advertendum: quā re animum adversā, Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > advertō (advortō）

  • 7 animadversiō

        animadversiō ōnis, f    [animadverto], investigation, inquiry: nostra in civem est, L.—Perception, notice, observation: hoc totum est animadversionis: excitanda animadversio, ut ne quid temere agamus, self-inspection.—Reproach, censure: effugere animadversionem: in Apronium.—Chastisement, punishment: paterna: Dolabellae in servos: vitiorum.—Esp.. censorum (usu. called nota censoria): animadversiones censoriae.
    * * *
    paying attention; observation, attention, notice; censure, reproach, punishment

    Latin-English dictionary > animadversiō

  • 8 animadversor

        animadversor ōris, m    [animadverto], a censor (once): vitiorum.
    * * *
    observer, one who notices/pays attention/observes

    Latin-English dictionary > animadversor

  • 9 animadversio

    ănĭmadversĭo, ōnis, f. [animadverto], the perception or observation of an object; consideration, attention (in good prose, most freq. in Cic.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    notatio naturae et animadversio peperit artem,

    Cic. Or. 55, 183:

    hoc totum est sive artis sive animadversionis sive consuetudinis,

    id. de Or. 2, 34, 147; so id. Fin. 1, 9, 30 al.—Hence, in reference to one's self, self-inspection, watchfulness:

    excitanda animadversio et diligentia, ut ne quid temere agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103; and in gen. inquiry:

    quaestio atque animadversio in aliquem,

    Liv. 21, 18. —
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    Reproach, censure:

    nec effugere possemus animadversionem, si, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 57, 195.—
    B.
    Chastisement, punishment:

    animadversio Dollabellae in audaces servos,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 2:

    paterna,

    id. Rosc. Am. 24:

    omnis autem animadversio et castigatio contumeliā vacare debet,

    id. Off. 1, 25, 88; so id. Verr. 1, 17; id. Fin. 1, 10, 35: in proelium exarsere, ni valens animadversione paucorum oblitos jam Batavos imperii admonuisset, * Tac. H. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 24; id. Calig. 11 al.—So of the punishment decreed by the censors for crime committed (usu. called nota censoria):

    notiones animadversionesque censorum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 111 B. and K.:

    censoriae,

    id. Clu. 42, 119; cf. id. ib. 42, 117.—And by the dictator:

    dictatoria,

    Vell. 2, 68, 5; cf. Suet. Tib. 19 Bremi.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > animadversio

  • 10 disco

    disco, dĭdĭci, 3 ( part. fut.: sic disciturum, etc., App. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.), v. a. [from the root da-, Gr. dedaôs, daênai; dak-, cf. doceo, doctus, Gr. didaskô], to learn, to learn to know, to become acquainted with, etc. (for syn. cf.: capio, percipio, concipio, comprehendo, intellego, cognosco, nosco, agnosco, animadverto, calleo, scio—very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    litteras Graecas senex didici,

    Cic. de Sen. 8, 26; id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: so,

    litteras,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22:

    jus civile,

    id. Mur. 9, 19; 10, 23:

    litteras apud aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

    dialectica ab aliquo,

    id. Ac. 2, 30, 98:

    artem ab aliquo,

    Quint. 3, 1, 10 et saep.:

    aliquid de aliquo,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31:

    virtutem ex me, fortunam ex aliis,

    Verg. A. 12, 435; cf. Quint. 12, 8, 6 al.:

    fabularum similia,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 36:

    artes,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    palaestram,

    Quint. 5, 10, 121:

    affectum,

    id. 1, 11, 2:

    inde vocabula prima,

    Lucr. 5, 1042:

    elementa prima,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 26:

    dulces querelas,

    Lucr. 5, 1384; cf.

    preces,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 133 et saep.:

    me peritus Discet Iber,

    Hor. C. 2, 20, 20; cf.:

    quem (Augustum) didicere Vindelici,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 8:

    omnes crimine ab uno,

    Verg. A. 2, 66 et saep.— Pass.:

    dum est, unde jus civile discatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45; cf.

    jus,

    Quint. 12, 3, 9:

    Crassus, quod disci potuit de jure didicit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:

    tot artibus discendis,

    Quint. 12, 11, 9 et saep.—
    (β).
    With inf. or acc. and inf.:

    pueri qui nare discunt,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9:

    rapere et clepere,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 5 (ap. Non. 20, 15):

    Latine loqui,

    Sall. J. 101, 6:

    nobis ignoscere,

    Quint. 11, 2, 45:

    assem in partes diducere,

    Hor. A. P. 326:

    bene ferre magnam fortunam,

    id. C. 3, 27, 75 et saep.:

    bene ubi quod consilium discimus accidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 15:

    discit, Litavicum ad sollicitandos Haeduos profectum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

    animadverti et didici ex tuis litteris te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 5; id. Ac. 2, 30 fin.:

    deos didici securum agere aevum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 101 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With relat. clause:

    plures discent, quemadmodum haec fiant, quam quemadmodum his resistatur,

    Cic. Lael. 12, 41:

    quantum in Etruria belli esset,

    Liv. 10, 25:

    patriae quid debeat, etc.,

    Hor. A. P. 312 et saep.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    disces tu quidem a principe hujus aetatis philosophorum, et disces quamdiu voles,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

    didicit,

    i. e. oratory, id. Brut. 71, 249; Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; Quint. 1, 12, 14 al.:

    discendi aut visendi causa maria transmittere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3; so,

    discendi causa,

    id. ib. 1, 10; id. Off. 2, 1, 4; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin. al.:

    se ita a patribus majoribusque suis didicisse, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 6. —Ellipt.:

    discebant fidibus antiqui, sc. canere,

    Cic. de Sen. 8 fin. (cf.:

    docere fidibus,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

    scire fidibus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 5, 53).—
    b.
    Transf., of inanimate subjects:

    manus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 159:

    nec varios discet mentiri lana colores,

    Verg. E. 4, 42:

    arbores,

    Plin. H. N. 16 prooem.—
    c.
    To teach = docere (late Lat., cf. manthanein, and Eng. learn):

    falsa discentes,

    Amm. 14, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > disco

  • 11 hostis

    hostis (also fos-), is, comm. [Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta], a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.:

    adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—
    II.
    An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).
    A.
    Lit.:

    qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.:

    omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes,

    id. Phil. 11, 1, 3;

    opp. inimicus,

    Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.):

    debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori,

    Quint. 12, 1, 35:

    legiones hostium,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 136:

    hostes nefarios prostravit,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

    (bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    vita ex hostium telis servata,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    adventus hostium,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus,

    id. Lael. 9, 29:

    hostem rapinis prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4:

    quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset,

    Liv. 29, 10, 5:

    servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 21:

    terra marique victus hostis,

    id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.:

    inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.:

    inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

    sibi inimicus atque hostis,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 29:

    horum omnium communis hostis praedoque,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    tam dis hominibusque hostis,

    id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1:

    Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis,

    id. Mil. 15, 39:

    acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax),

    Hor. Epod. 6, 14:

    fas est et ab hoste doceri,

    Ov. M. 4, 428:

    di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!

    Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35:

    quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.:

    hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83:

    nupta meretrici hostis est,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23:

    ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet,

    Liv. 30, 14, 2:

    cum certa videbitur hostis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18:

    ille uxorem, tu hostem luges,

    Curt. 4, 11, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals or things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    qualem ministrum fulminis alitem... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359:

    rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto,

    Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman:

    unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 358:

    fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus,

    id. ib. 2, 208:

    rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit,

    Quint. 12, 1, 2:

    illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis,

    id. 2, 2, 10 —
    2.
    Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables:

    si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hostis

  • 12 M

    M, m, the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet (J not being distinguished from I in the class. period), corresponds in form and sound to the Greek M; the Latin language, however, does not combine an initial m with n, as in the Greek mna, mnêma, mnion, mnoos, etc.; hence, the Greek mna became Latin mĭna. The Latin language, unlike the Greek, tolerated a final m; but its sound was obscure, Prisc. p. 555 P. (cf. Quint. 12, 10, 31), and before an initial vowel, even in prose, was scarcely heard (hence Verrius Flaccus proposed to represent it by an M half obliterated, thus, N). In poetry, the vowel also immediately preceding the m was elided, Quint. 9, 4, 40; 11, 3, 34; 109; Diom. p. 488 P.; Prisc. p. 555 sq. ib.; Val. Prob. 1392; 1440 ib. To this rejection of the m at the end of words before vowels are owing the forms attinge, dice, ostende, facie, recipie, for attingam, dicam, ostendam, faciam, recipiam; v. the letter E; and the forms donec for donicum, coëo, coërceo for com-eo, com-erceo; circueo, circuitus, for circum-eo, circum-itus; veneo for venum eo; vendo for venum do; animadverto for animum adverto, etc.— M is substituted for p or b before a nasal suffix, as som-nus, cf. sopor, sopio; scamnum, cf. scabellum; Samnium for Sabinium; summus, cf. sub, super. Often also for n before a labial, as impello for inpello; cf. rumpo, root rup-; lambo, root lab-, with fundo, root fud-, etc.— M corresponds with the m of all Indo-European tongues, like Gr. m; cf. simul, hama; me, me; mel, meli; magnus, megas; but in inflections final m corresponds with Gr. n, as navem, naun; musarum, mousôn; sim, eiên, etc.— M is interchanged most freq. with n; so eundem, eandem, quendam, quorundam, tantundem, from eum, eam, quem, quorum, tantum; and, on the other hand, im is written for in before labials and m: imbellis, imbibo, imbuo; impar, impedio, imprimo, immanis, immergo, immuto, etc. Thus also m regularly stands for the final n of neuters borrowed from the Greek. A collat. form of Nilus, Melo, for Neilos, is mentioned in Paul. ex Fest. p. 7; 18 and 129 Müll.—The Latin m also interchanges with Gr. b: mel-ior, bel-tiôn; mortuus (Sanscr. mrita), brotos (v. for full details, Corss. Ausspr. 1, pp. 263 sqq.).As an abbreviation, M. denotes most freq. the prænomen Marcus, and less freq. magister, monumentum, municipium; v. the Index Notar. in Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 464 sq. M' denotes the prænomen Manius.As a numeral, M, standing for CIC, denotes the number 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > M

  • 13 m

    M, m, the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet (J not being distinguished from I in the class. period), corresponds in form and sound to the Greek M; the Latin language, however, does not combine an initial m with n, as in the Greek mna, mnêma, mnion, mnoos, etc.; hence, the Greek mna became Latin mĭna. The Latin language, unlike the Greek, tolerated a final m; but its sound was obscure, Prisc. p. 555 P. (cf. Quint. 12, 10, 31), and before an initial vowel, even in prose, was scarcely heard (hence Verrius Flaccus proposed to represent it by an M half obliterated, thus, N). In poetry, the vowel also immediately preceding the m was elided, Quint. 9, 4, 40; 11, 3, 34; 109; Diom. p. 488 P.; Prisc. p. 555 sq. ib.; Val. Prob. 1392; 1440 ib. To this rejection of the m at the end of words before vowels are owing the forms attinge, dice, ostende, facie, recipie, for attingam, dicam, ostendam, faciam, recipiam; v. the letter E; and the forms donec for donicum, coëo, coërceo for com-eo, com-erceo; circueo, circuitus, for circum-eo, circum-itus; veneo for venum eo; vendo for venum do; animadverto for animum adverto, etc.— M is substituted for p or b before a nasal suffix, as som-nus, cf. sopor, sopio; scamnum, cf. scabellum; Samnium for Sabinium; summus, cf. sub, super. Often also for n before a labial, as impello for inpello; cf. rumpo, root rup-; lambo, root lab-, with fundo, root fud-, etc.— M corresponds with the m of all Indo-European tongues, like Gr. m; cf. simul, hama; me, me; mel, meli; magnus, megas; but in inflections final m corresponds with Gr. n, as navem, naun; musarum, mousôn; sim, eiên, etc.— M is interchanged most freq. with n; so eundem, eandem, quendam, quorundam, tantundem, from eum, eam, quem, quorum, tantum; and, on the other hand, im is written for in before labials and m: imbellis, imbibo, imbuo; impar, impedio, imprimo, immanis, immergo, immuto, etc. Thus also m regularly stands for the final n of neuters borrowed from the Greek. A collat. form of Nilus, Melo, for Neilos, is mentioned in Paul. ex Fest. p. 7; 18 and 129 Müll.—The Latin m also interchanges with Gr. b: mel-ior, bel-tiôn; mortuus (Sanscr. mrita), brotos (v. for full details, Corss. Ausspr. 1, pp. 263 sqq.).As an abbreviation, M. denotes most freq. the prænomen Marcus, and less freq. magister, monumentum, municipium; v. the Index Notar. in Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 464 sq. M' denotes the prænomen Manius.As a numeral, M, standing for CIC, denotes the number 1000.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > m

  • 14 multo

    1.
    multō, adv., v. multus fin. B.
    2.
    multo (less correctly mulcto), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. multa], to punish one with any thing; used mostly of judicial punishment (class.; cf.:

    punio, animadverto): accusatorem multā et poenā multavit,

    Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

    vitia hominum atque fraudes damnis, ignominiis, vinculis, verberibus, exsiliis, morte multantur,

    id. de Or. 1, 43, 194:

    imperatorem deminutione provinciae,

    id. Prov. Cons. 15, 38.—With abl. of that with respect to which the punishment is inflicted:

    populos stipendio,

    to sentence them to pay, Cic. Balb. 18, 41:

    exsules bonis,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106:

    aliquem pecuniā,

    to fine in a sum of money, Nep. Pel. 1, 3:

    agris,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

    Antiochum Asiā,

    id. Sest. 27, 58:

    sacerdotio,

    Suet. Caes. 1:

    publice armis multati privatis copiis juvere militem,

    Tac. H. 1, 66:

    poculo multabitur,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 43: aliquem votis (like damnare votis), lit., to punish with his vows, i. e. by granting the object of his vows, Naev. ap. Non. 462, 33:

    cum ab ipsā fortunā videat hujus consilia esse multata,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

    boves iniquitate operis (al. mulcare),

    to torment, Col. 2, 4, 6.—With dat. of the person for whose benefit:

    Veneri esse multatum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 21 (in Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 19, Ritschl reads mulcaverit, but this seems to be corrupt; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > multo

  • 15 observo

    ob-servo, āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic fut. perf. observasso, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 57), v. a.
    I.
    In gen., to watch, note, heed, observe a thing; to take notice of, pay attention to (class.;

    syn.: animadverto, attendo): ne me observare possis, quid rerum geram,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 14:

    quid ille faciat, ne id observes,

    id. Men. 5, 2, 38:

    fetus,

    to watch for, seek to catch, Verg. G. 4, 512:

    lupus observavit, dum dormitarent canes,

    watched, waited, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 133:

    occupationem alicujus, et aucupari tempus,

    to watch in order to take advantage of, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

    si iniquitates observaveris, Domine,

    Vulg. Psa. 129, 3: tempus epistulae alicui reddendae, to watch or wait for, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    et insidiari,

    to be on the watch, id. Or. 62, 210: observavit sedulo, ut praetor indiceret, etc., took care that, etc., Suet. Claud. 22.—So pass. impers.:

    observatum est, ne quotiens introiret urbem, supplicium de quoquam sumeretur,

    Suet. Aug. 57 fin.:

    observans Acerroniae necem,

    observing, perceiving, Tac. A. 14, 6:

    postquam poëta sensit, scripturam suam Ab iniquis observari,

    to be scrutinized, Ter. Ad. prol. 1:

    sese,

    to keep a close watch over one's self, Cic. Brut. 82, 283.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To watch, guard, keep any thing:

    januam,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 7:

    fores,

    id. Mil. 2, 3, 57:

    greges,

    Ov. M. 1, 513: draconem, auriferam obtutu observantem arborem, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 9, 22; Sen. Hippol. 223.—
    B.
    To observe, respect, regard, attend to, heed, keep, comply with a law, precept, recommendation, etc.:

    leges,

    Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40:

    censoriam animadversionem,

    id. Clu. 42, 117:

    praeceptum diligentissime,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 35:

    imperium,

    Sall. J. 80, 2:

    foedus,

    Sil. 17, 78:

    centesimas,

    to adhere to, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 11:

    commendationes,

    to attend to, regard, id. Fam. 13, 27, 1:

    auspicia,

    Tac. G. 9:

    diem concilii,

    Liv. 1, 50, 6:

    ordines,

    to keep in the ranks, Sall. J. 51, 1.— Pass.:

    id ab omnibus,

    Just. 21, 4, 5.—
    C.
    To pay attention or respect to; to respect, regard, esteem, honor one (syn.:

    veneror, revereor): tribules suos,

    Cic. Planc. 18, 45:

    regem,

    Verg. G. 4, 210:

    me, ut alterum patrem, et observat, et diligit,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    et colere aliquem,

    id. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    aliquem perofficiose et amanter,

    id. ib. 9, 20, 3:

    clarissimus et nobis observandus vir,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. p. 4.—
    D.
    Observare se a quā re = se abstinere, Vulg. Judic. 13, 12.—
    E.
    To observe, notice, perceive (eccl. Lat.):

    Amasa non observavit gladium,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 20, 10.—Hence,
    1.
    ob-servans, antis, P. a.
    A.
    Watchful, regardful, observant.—Comp.:

    observantior aequi Fit populus,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.— Sup.:

    observantissimus omnium officiorum,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; 10, 11, 1: observantissima lex suorum itinerum, App. de Mundo, 33 fin. —
    B.
    Attentive, respectful:

    homo tui observans,

    Cic. Quint. 11, 39; Charis. 77 P.:

    observantissimus mei homo,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11; id. Fam. 13, 3 init. —Hence, adv.: observanter, carefully, sedulously (post-class.):

    sequi,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, § 7; App. Mag. p. 320, 11.— Comp.:

    observantius,

    Amm. 23, 6, 79.— Sup.:

    aliquid observantissime vitare,

    Gell. 10, 21.—
    b.
    Reverentially:

    ad precandum accedere,

    Lact. 5, 19, 26.—
    2.
    observātē, adv., observantly, carefully, perspicaciously (postclass.):

    observate curioseque animadvertit M. Tullius,

    Gell. 2, 17, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > observo

  • 16 perduellis

    per-dŭellis, is ( gen. plur. perduellūm, Att. ap. Non. 22, 15, or Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.; abl. perdvellibus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 Müll., or p. 146 Vahl.), m. [per-duellum, i. e. bellum], a public enemy, an enemy actually waging war against a country (mostly anteclass. for the class. hostis):

    quos nos hostes appellamus, eos veteres perduelles appellabant, per eam adjectionem indicantes, cum quibus bellum esset,

    Dig. 50, 16, 234:

    equidem illud etiam animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi tristitiam rei mitigante,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.:

    apud Ennium perduelles dicuntur hostes,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 ib.: perduelles superati, S. C. ap. Liv. 45, 16, 7:

    pirata non est ex perduellium numero, sed communis hostis omnium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; Liv. 25, 12; 36, 2; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; id. Cist. 1, 3, 53; Amm. 26, 7 sq.; 29, 5.—
    II.
    Transf., a private enemy, an enemy, = inimicus (Plautin.), Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 15.— Perduellis seems never to mean traitor to one's country (cf. perduellio); in this sense parricida is used instead.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > perduellis

  • 17 poenior

    pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor ( poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].
    I.
    To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).
    (α).
    In act. form:

    peccata punimus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

    punire sontes,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 82:

    Philemonem morte puniit,

    Suet. Caes. 74:

    alio punito,

    id. Calig. 30:

    lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.— Pass.:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.—
    (β).
    In dep. form:

    qui punitur aliquem,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    inimicos puniuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

    hominum necem,

    id. Phil. 8, 2, 7:

    crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare,

    id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7:

    punita sum funestum praedonem,

    App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.—
    (γ).
    In indeterm. form:

    ipse se puniens,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65:

    prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo,

    id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin. —
    II.
    To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge,= ulcisci (rare):

    Graeciae fana punire,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

    iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

    meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.— Dep.:

    ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > poenior

  • 18 punio

    pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor ( poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].
    I.
    To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).
    (α).
    In act. form:

    peccata punimus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

    punire sontes,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 82:

    Philemonem morte puniit,

    Suet. Caes. 74:

    alio punito,

    id. Calig. 30:

    lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.— Pass.:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.—
    (β).
    In dep. form:

    qui punitur aliquem,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    inimicos puniuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

    hominum necem,

    id. Phil. 8, 2, 7:

    crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare,

    id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7:

    punita sum funestum praedonem,

    App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.—
    (γ).
    In indeterm. form:

    ipse se puniens,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65:

    prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo,

    id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin. —
    II.
    To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge,= ulcisci (rare):

    Graeciae fana punire,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

    iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

    meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.— Dep.:

    ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > punio

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