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61 training
̈ɪˈtreɪnɪŋ
1. сущ.
1) воспитание
2) обучение (in) to get, receive training ≈ тренироваться, обучаться, учиться to give, provide training ≈ тренировать, обучать assertiveness training ≈ обучение уверенности в себе thorough training ≈ основательное обучение toilet training ≈ приучение к опрятности, обучение пользоваться горшком hands-on training in the use of computers ≈ практические занятия по пользованию компьютером basic training by training hands-on training in-service training intense training manual training military training on-the-job training physical training voice training
3) тренировка Syn: coaching
4) дрессировка ∙ Syn: discipline, drill, exercise, practice sensitivity training
2. прил. тренировочный, учебный Syn: practice, educational воспитание;
формирование - character * формирование характера обучение;
подготовка;
образование - military * военная подготовка - vocational * профессиональное обучение - further * повышение квалификации - under * проходящий подготовку - on-the-job * обучение по месту работы - the * of teachers подготовка учителей - * of mind and body умственное и физическое воспитание - nurses in * лица, готовящиеся стать медсестрами - students in higher * студенты старших курсов (профессиональная) выучка, образование;
познания, знания - a historian by * историк по образованию - his * in the classics его знание классиков тренировка - * manager тренер - * spells( спортивное) периоды тренировки;
тренировочные занятия - bridge * упражнения в положении "мост" (борьба) - * for a football match тренировка перед футбольным матчем - to go into * начать тренироваться - the football team is in * for the big game футбольная команда тренируется перед крупной игрой занятие( по физической подготовке) дрессировка - * of horses выездка лошадей - to go in for the * of dogs заниматься дрессировкой собак (спортивное) тренированность, подготовленность;
(спортивная) форма - to be in first-rate * for a race быть прекрасно подготовленным к состязанию в беге - to be out of * быть не в форме, быть в плохой форме - he was in perfect * он достиг пика формы (садоводчество) формирование (плодовых деревьев) (военное) наводка( орудия) учебный - * aids учебные пособия - * airplane учебный самолет - * assembly( военное) учебные сборы - * camp (военное) учебный лагерь - * equipment( военное) учебное снаряжение, учебное имущество и оборудование - * period( военное) учебный сбор тренировочный - * suit тренировочный костюм accelerated vocational ~ ускоренная профподготовка adaptation ~ адаптационная профподготовка adjustment ~ дополнительная подготовка (работников, которые нуждаются в повышении квалификации из-за происходящих перемен в требованиях к их профессиональным навыкам) advanced ~ повышение квалификации advanced vocational ~ повышение квалификации all-round ~ разносторонняя подготовка alternating ~ попеременное обучение (основным принципом котрого является чередование обучения в учебном заведении с практическими занятиями на производстве) basic ~ базовая профподготовка basic ~ начальная подготовка basic ~ основной курс обучения basic vocational ~ начальное профессиональное обучение bridging ~ дополнительное профобучение business ~ обучение торгово-промышленной деятельности career ~ профессиональная подготовка с целью занятия более высокого поста или совершенствования мастерства competency based ~ обучение в соответствии с успехами continuing vocational ~ непрерывная профподготовка elementary ~ начальное обучение family ~ семейное обучение, обучение ремеслу на семейном предприятии formal ~ формальное обучение;
обучение в школе, училище и т. д. further ~ дальнейшее образование further ~ дальнейшее профобучение;
дополнительная профподготовка;
специальная подготовка;
переквалификация further ~ повышение квалификации group ~ групповое обучение;
метод коллективного обучения in-plant ~ профподготовка на производстве in-service ~ подготовка на рабочем месте в третичном секторе (банки, страховые компаниии, государственные и общественные учереждения) individualized ~ индивидуализированное обучение induction ~ вводное обучение initial ~ начальная профподготовка (для получения работы) institutional ~ профподготовка в специальном учебном заведении (профшкола, техническое училище) interplant ~ межзаводская профподготовка job-related ~ профподготовка связанная в определенным видом работы legal ~ правовое обучение maternity ~ обучение беременных женщин перед родами mobile ~ передвижная школа профподготовки modular ~ модульная профподготовка (содержание подготовки разбито на отдельные автономные модули) non-formal ~ неформальная профподготовка (гибкие программы профподготовки) occupational ~ профессиональное обучение off-the-job ~ профподготовка вне рабочего места;
подготовка вне предприятия или в специально отведенном месте на предприятии ~ обучение;
on-the-job training обучение по месту работы on-the-job ~ обучение без отрыва от производства on-the-job ~ обучение на рабочем месте on-the-job ~ профобучение на работе (путем выполнения обычной работы на рабочем месте под контролем опытного специалиста) personal adjustment ~ подготовка включающая личную адаптацию к новой работе polyvalent vocational ~ поливалентное профессиональное обучение (дающий возможно более широкое базовое обучение) practical ~ практическая подготовка practical ~ практическая профподготовка;
обучение с применением практических упражнений practical ~ практическия занятия practical ~ практическое обучение practical work ~ практическое трудовое обучение;
практическая деятельность в области профессиональной подготовки prevocational ~ предпрофессиональная подготовка professional ~ профессиональное обучение recurrent ~ возвратная профподготовка (полученное знание неоднократно применяется на практике) refresher ~ профобучение;
освежение профессиональных знаний safety ~ профподготовка по безопасности труда sandwich ~ попеременное обучение (в учебном заведении и на предприятии) sectoral ~ отраслевое профобучение simulation ~ имитационная профподготовка (с помощью моделей, макетов машин или оборудования) specialist ~ подготовка специалистов specialized ~ специализированное обучение staff ~ обучение персонала technical ~ техническое обучение training pres. p. от train ~ воспитание ~ воспитание ~ дрессировка ~ обучение;
on-the-job training обучение по месту работы ~ обучение ~ подготовка ~ тренировка ~ тренировочный, учебный ~ by stage поэтапная профподготовка ~ for the trainable профподготовка для тех кто способен ее воспринять ~ needs analysis анлиз потребности в профподготовке ~ of trainers подготовка инструкторов ~ with production обучение в процессе производства ~ within the underworking профподготовка на предприятии vocational ~ профессиональная подготовка vocational ~ профессиональное обучение vocational ~ специальное образование vocational: vocational профессиональный;
vocational school ремесленное училище;
vocational training профессиональное обучение;
профессионально-техническое образование work adjustment ~ профподготовка с целью получения занятости в новых условияхБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > training
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62 MSS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system4) Оптика: multispectral scanner5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service13) Экология: multispectral sensor14) СМИ: Music Setting Service15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)25) Электротехника: medium scale system26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA28) НАСА: Message Switching System29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc. -
63 SBP
1) Американизм: Small Business Plan, Small Business Profiles2) Военный термин: service benefit plan, survivor benefit plan, Sustaining Base Pool (Non-deploying R C units that launch the force)3) Техника: serial-bus protocol, space borne programmer5) Ветеринария: систолическое кровяное давление (systolic blood pressure)6) Сокращение: Society of Biological Psychiatry, Sonic Boom Panel, Space-Based Platform, Sub-Bottom Profiler, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis7) Вычислительная техника: SCSI-3 serial Bus Protocol (SAM)8) Нефть: self boring9) Воздухоплавание: Strain Gauge Package10) Фирменный знак: State Bank Of Pakistan11) Деловая лексика: Specialized Business Press12) Образование: School Breakfast Program13) Полимеры: special boiling-point, styrenebutadiene plastics14) Ядерная физика: Shore Based Prototype15) NYSE. Banco Santander of Puerto Rico, San Juan -
64 SSCS
1) Военный термин: Southern Signal Corps School, shipboard satellite communications system, specialized satellite communications system, submarine sonar calibration set2) Техника: space suit communications system3) Сокращение: Surface Ship Command System4) Школьное выражение: Standish- Sterling Community Schools5) Вычислительная техника: Service Specific Convergence Sublayer, Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (ATM)6) Электротехника: solid state control system -
65 mss
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system4) Оптика: multispectral scanner5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service13) Экология: multispectral sensor14) СМИ: Music Setting Service15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)25) Электротехника: medium scale system26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA28) НАСА: Message Switching System29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc. -
66 sbp
1) Американизм: Small Business Plan, Small Business Profiles2) Военный термин: service benefit plan, survivor benefit plan, Sustaining Base Pool (Non-deploying R C units that launch the force)3) Техника: serial-bus protocol, space borne programmer5) Ветеринария: систолическое кровяное давление (systolic blood pressure)6) Сокращение: Society of Biological Psychiatry, Sonic Boom Panel, Space-Based Platform, Sub-Bottom Profiler, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis7) Вычислительная техника: SCSI-3 serial Bus Protocol (SAM)8) Нефть: self boring9) Воздухоплавание: Strain Gauge Package10) Фирменный знак: State Bank Of Pakistan11) Деловая лексика: Specialized Business Press12) Образование: School Breakfast Program13) Полимеры: special boiling-point, styrenebutadiene plastics14) Ядерная физика: Shore Based Prototype15) NYSE. Banco Santander of Puerto Rico, San Juan -
67 кафедра
1) General subject: cathedra, chair, dais, department, lectern (лектора, оратора), lecturing desk, lecturn (лектора, оратора), platform, pulpit (проповедника), rostrum, tribune, professorial chair (в университете)2) Military: department (военно-учебного заведении), department (военно-учебного заведения), department of instruction (военно-учебного заведения), division (в военно-учебном заведении)3) Mathematics: chair (professorial)4) Religion: arch-see, cathedra ( A bishop's official throne), stand5) Economy: chair (в высшем учебном заведении)7) Education: academic department, subdepartment ( of a university) (Lingvo)8) American English: courses (the US educational system is different and the meaning must fit the context...)9) leg.N.P. professorate, professorship, specialized department (in an institution of higher education)10) Christianity: bishop's throne (епископская) -
68 специализированная средняя школа
General subject: specialized high school (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialized_high_schools_in_New_York_City)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > специализированная средняя школа
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69 школа с углубленным преподаванием иностранного языка
Education: specialized language schoolУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > школа с углубленным преподаванием иностранного языка
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70 general
general [ˈdʒenərəl]1. adjectivea. généralb. ( = unspecific) [answer, discussion, enquiry] d'ordre généralc. ( = approximate) in the general direction of the village dans la direction approximative du village2. noun3. compounds► General Certificate of Secondary Education noun (British) examen passé à 16 ans ≈ brevet m des collèges → GCSE► general practice noun (British = work) médecine f générale ; ( = place) cabinet m de médecine générale• to be in general practice être médecin généraliste ► general practitioner noun (médecin m ) généraliste m* * *['dʒenrəl] 1.1) Military général m2)2.1) ( widespread) gen généralin general use — [word, term] d'usage courant; [equipment] d'utilisation courante
2) ( overall) gen généralthat's the general idea — en gros, c'est ça l'idée
as a general rule — normalement, en règle générale
3) (miscellaneous, not specific) gen général; [promise, assurance] vague4) ( not specialized) [medicine, linguistics] général; [user, reader] moyen/-ennegeneral office duties — travail m de bureau
general assistant — employé/-e m/f de bureau
5) ( normal) général3.in general adverbial phrase ( usually or non-specifically) en général; (overall, mostly) dans l'ensemble -
71 language
language [ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ]1. nouna. ( = particular tongue) langue fb. ( = ability to talk) langage mc. ( = specialized terminology) langage m• scientific/legal language langage m scientifique/juridiqued. ( = individual's manner of expression) langage m• (watch your) language! (inf) surveille ton langage !2. compounds[degree, studies, textbooks] de langue ; [department] de langues ; [students] en langues ; [ability] à s'exprimer━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ The English word contains a u whereas the French word langage does not.* * *['læŋgwɪdʒ]formal/legal language — langage formel/juridique
bad ou strong ou foul language — langage grossier
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72 special
['spɛʃl] 1. adjeffort, help, occasion specjalny, szczególny; adviser, permission, school specjalny2. npociąg m specjalny or dodatkowytoday's special is … — dziś polecamy +acc
* * *['speʃəl] 1. adjective1) (out of the ordinary; un-usual or exceptional: a special occasion; a special friend.) specjalny2) (appointed, arranged, designed etc for a particular purpose: a special messenger; a special tool for drilling holes.) specjalny2. noun(something which is special: There's a special (= a special train) due through here at 5.20.) coś specjalnego, specjalny- speciality
- specialize
- specialise
- specialization
- specialisation
- specialized
- specialised
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73 allgemein
all·ge·mein [ʼalgəʼmain] adj\allgemeine Feiertage national holidays;im \allgemeinen Interesse liegen [o sein] to be in everyone's interests [or in the common interest];von \allgemeinem Interesse sein to be of interest to everyone;\allgemeine Vorschriften universal regulations, regulations applying to everyone;das \allgemeine Wahlrecht universal suffrage;die \allgemeine Wehrpflicht military servicezur \allgemeinen Überraschung to everyone's surprise;das \allgemeine Wohl the common good;\allgemeine Zustimmung finden/auf \allgemeine Ablehnung stoßen to meet with general approval/disapproval3) ( nicht spezifisch) general;die Frage war \allgemeiner Natur the question was of a rather general natureWENDUNGEN:im A\allgemeinen ( normalerweise) generally speaking;1) (allerseits, überall) generally;\allgemein bekannt/ üblich sein to be common knowledge/practice;\allgemein gültig general, universally applicable;\allgemein verständlich intelligible to everybody;\allgemein zugänglich sein to be open to the general public;\allgemein verbreitet widespread2) ( nicht spezifisch) generally;der Vortrag war leider sehr \allgemein gehalten unfortunately the lecture was rather general [or lacked focus];eine \allgemein bildende Schule a school providing a general rather than specialized education;\allgemein medizinisch general medical attr -
74 fachgebundenes Gymnasium
Business german-english dictionary > fachgebundenes Gymnasium
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75 Fachgymnasium
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76 bank
1) банк; кредитное учреждение; банкирский дом || вносить деньги в банк; держать деньги в банке; заниматься банковским делом2) фонд, запас3) касса -
77 education
обучение; образование -
78 branch
[braːntʃ]n1) ветка (у растений), ветвь, сукThe branches were loaded with fruit (with snow). — Ветви сгибались под тяжестью плодов (снега).
There are several new branches on the tree this year. — Дерево в этом году дало несколько новых побегов.
The trees are sending fouth branches. — На деревьях появляются новые побеги.
The wind blew several branches off the tree. — Несколько веток было сорвано/сломано ветром.
The branches were loaded down with fruit. — Ветки сгибались под тяжестью плодов.
- shapely branchto hold out the olive branch — ◊ идти с миром/делать мирные предложения/пытаться уладить дело миром
- strong branch
- wide branch
- drooping branches
- flowery branches
- flowering branches
- knotly branches
- broken branches
- overhanging branches
- vine branch
- tree with shapely branches
- in branches
- bend a branch
- break branchs
- break off a branch
- clip branches
- crash through branches
- cut off branches
- gather dead branches
- hide among the branches
- leap from branch to branch
- pirch on a branch
- trim branches
- branches sway in the wind
- branches break
- branches shatter into pieces2) ответвлениеThis is only a branch of the river. — Это только рукав реки.
- branch of a road- branch of a railway
- branch of a long line of mountains
- branches of a candlestick
- branches of a deer's antlers3) отрасль, филиал, отделениеThe branch was closed down. — Отделение было закрыто. /Филиал был закрыт.
This branch flourishes. — Это отделение процветает.
- independent branch- local branch
- Japanese branch
- specialized branch
- overseas branch
- branch post-office
- branch Bank
- important branch of industry
- important branch of science
- important branch of knowledge
- branch of business
- one of the most neglected branches of psychology
- important branch of instruction in school
- in various branches of learning
- consist of branches
- have branches in all parts of the country
- open a London branch
- separate into branches
- specialize in some branch4) вид, линия родстваEnglish is a branch of the Germanic family of languages. — Английский принадлежит к германским языкам
- direct branch of a family- two branches of the English race -
79 Ellington, Edward Bayzard
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 2 August 1845 London, Englandd. 10 November 1914 London, England[br]English hydraulic engineer who developed a direct-acting hydraulic lift.[br]Ellington was educated at Denmark Hill Grammar School, London, after which he became articled to John Penn of Greenwich. He stayed there until 1868, working latterly in the drawing office after a period of erecting plant and attending trials on board ship. For some twelve months he superintended the erection of Glengall Wharf, Old Kent Road, and the machinery used therein.In 1869 he went into partnership with Bryan Johnson of Chester, the company being known as Johnson \& Ellington, manufacturing mining and milling machinery. Under Ellington's influence, the firm specialized in the manufacture of hydraulic machinery. In 1874 the company acquired the right to manufacture the Brotherhood three-cylinder hydraulic engine; the company became the Hydraulic Engineering Company Ltd of Chester. Ellington developed a direct-acting hydraulic lift with a special balance arrangement that was smooth-acting and economical in water. He described the lift in a paper that was read to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) in 1882.Soon after Ellington joined the Chester firm, an Act of Parliament was passed, mainly due to his efforts, for the distribution of water under high pressure for the working of passenger and goods lifts and other hydraulic machinery in large towns. In 1872 he initiated the first hydraulic mains company at Hull, thus proving the practicability of the system of a high-pressure water-mains supply. Ellington remained as engineer to the Hull company until he was appointed a director in 1875. He was general manager and engineer of the General Hydraulic Power Company, which operated in London and had subsidiaries in Liverpool (opened in 1889), Manchester (1894) and Glasgow (1895). He maintained an interest in all these companies, as general manager and engineer, until his death.In 1895 he read another paper, "On hydraulic power in towns", to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. In 1911 he became President of the IMechE; his Presidential Address was on the education of young engineers. In 1913 he delivered the Thomas Hawksley Lecture on "Water as a mechanical agent". He was Chairman of the Building Committee during the extension of the Institution's headquarters. Ellington was also a Member of Council of the Institution of Civil Engineers, a member of the Société des Ingé-nieurs Civils de France and a Governor of Imperial College of Science and Technology.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1875; Member of Council 1898– 1903; President 1911–12.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Ellington, Edward Bayzard
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80 Herbert, Edward Geisler
[br]b. 23 March 1869 Dedham, near Colchester, Essex, Englandd. 9 February 1938 West Didsbury, Manchester, England[br]English engineer, inventor of the Rapidor saw and the Pendulum Hardness Tester, and pioneer of cutting tool research.[br]Edward Geisler Herbert was educated at Nottingham High School in 1876–87, and at University College, London, in 1887–90, graduating with a BSc in Physics in 1889 and remaining for a further year to take an engineering course. He began his career as a premium apprentice at the Nottingham works of Messrs James Hill \& Co, manufacturers of lace machinery. In 1892 he became a partner with Charles Richardson in the firm of Richardson \& Herbert, electrical engineers in Manchester, and when this partnership was dissolved in 1895 he carried on the business in his own name and began to produce machine tools. He remained as Managing Director of this firm, reconstituted in 1902 as a limited liability company styled Edward G.Herbert Ltd, until his retirement in 1928. He was joined by Charles Fletcher (1868–1930), who as joint Managing Director contributed greatly to the commercial success of the firm, which specialized in the manufacture of small machine tools and testing machinery.Around 1900 Herbert had discovered that hacksaw machines cut very much quicker when only a few teeth are in operation, and in 1902 he patented a machine which utilized this concept by automatically changing the angle of incidence of the blade as cutting proceeded. These saws were commercially successful, but by 1912, when his original patents were approaching expiry, Herbert and Fletcher began to develop improved methods of applying the rapid-saw concept. From this work the well-known Rapidor and Manchester saws emerged soon after the First World War. A file-testing machine invented by Herbert before the war made an autographic record of the life and performance of the file and brought him into close contact with the file and tool steel manufacturers of Sheffield. A tool-steel testing machine, working like a lathe, was introduced when high-speed steel had just come into general use, and Herbert became a prominent member of the Cutting Tools Research Committee of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1919, carrying out many investigations for that body and compiling four of its Reports published between 1927 and 1933. He was the first to conceive the idea of the "tool-work" thermocouple which allowed cutting tool temperatures to be accurately measured. For this advance he was awarded the Thomas Hawksley Gold Medal of the Institution in 1926.His best-known invention was the Pendulum Hardness Tester, introduced in 1923. This used a spherical indentor, which was rolled over, rather than being pushed into, the surface being examined, by a small, heavy, inverted pendulum. The period of oscillation of this pendulum provided a sensitive measurement of the specimen's hardness. Following this work Herbert introduced his "Cloudburst" surface hardening process, in which hardened steel engineering components were bombarded by steel balls moving at random in all directions at very high velocities like gaseous molecules. This treatment superhardened the surface of the components, improved their resistance to abrasion, and revealed any surface defects. After bombardment the hardness of the superficially hardened layers increased slowly and spontaneously by a room-temperature ageing process. After his retirement in 1928 Herbert devoted himself to a detailed study of the influence of intense magnetic fields on the hardening of steels.Herbert was a member of several learned societies, including the Manchester Association of Engineers, the Institute of Metals, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He retained a seat on the Board of his company from his retirement until the end of his life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsManchester Association of Engineers Butterworth Gold Medal 1923. Institution of Mechanical Engineers Thomas Hawksley Gold Medal 1926.BibliographyE.G.Herbert obtained several British and American patents and was the author of many papers, which are listed in T.M.Herbert (ed.), 1939, "The inventions of Edward Geisler Herbert: an autobiographical note", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 141: 59–67.ASD / RTSBiographical history of technology > Herbert, Edward Geisler
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