-
1 πολύς
πολύς, [dialect] Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=; dat. πολλῷ, ῇ, ῷ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—[dialect] Ion. [full] πολλός Anacr.43.3,Aπολλή, πολλόν Xenoph.9
, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr. 1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the [dialect] Ion. forms, but codd. haveπολύν 2.121
.δ, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125,πολύ 2.106
,3.38,6.72,7.46, 160 ( πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):—both sets of forms are found in [dialect] Ep., also gen. sg.πολέος Il.4.244
, etc.: nom. pl.πολέες 2.417
, al., once [var] contr.πολεῖς 11.708
; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat.πολέσι 10.262
,al.;πολέσσι 13.452
, al.;πολέεσσι 9.73
, Od.5.54, Hes.Op. 119, etc.; acc. πολέας (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op. 580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖς Il.15.66, etc.); in later [dialect] Ep. πολέες is used as fem., Call.Del.28, alsoπολέας Id.Dian.42
, A.R.3.21; neut.πολέα Q.S.1.74
(v. infr.):—[dialect] Ep. also have [full] πουλύς (once in Hes., Th. 190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom.,πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήν Il.10.27
,ἠέρα πουλύν 5.776
), neut.πουλύ Od.19.387
; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use [dialect] Ep. forms, dat. sg. ; nom. pl.πολέες B.10.17
; neut. ; (fem., B.5.100); dat. pl. . [ῠalways.]I of Number, many, Il.2.417, etc.; ἐκ πολλῶν, opp. ἐξὀλίγων, Hes.Th. 447; τριηκόντων ἐτέων πόλλ' ἀπολείπων wanting many of thirty years, Id.Op. 696;παρῆσάν τινες, καὶ πολλοί γε Pl.Phd. 58d
;οὐ πολλοί τινες A.Pers. 510
: with Nouns of multitude,πουλὺς ὅμιλος Od.8.109
;πλῆθος πολλόν Hdt.1.141
;ἔθνος πολλόν Id.4.22
; later πουλὺ.. ἐπ' ἔτος many a year, AP6.235 (Thall.);π. ἦν ὁ καταπλέων Plb.15.26.10
; of anything often repeated,περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται π. Hdt.1.30
;πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος Id.2.2
, cf. 3.137, etc.;πολὺ.. τὸ σὸν ὄνομα διήκει πάντας S.OC 305
; often,D.
21.29; τοῦτο ἐπιεικῶς πολὺ νῦν ἐστι is fairly frequent, Luc.Hist.Conscr.15.2 of Size, Degree, Intensity, much, mighty, ὄμβρος, νιφετός, Il.10.6;π. ὕπνος Od.15.394
;πῦρ.. π. 10.359
; π. ὑμέναιος a loud song, Il.18.493; π. ὀρυμαγδός, ῥοῖζος, etc., 2.810, Od.9.315, etc.; π. ἀνάγκη strong necessity, E.Ph. 1674; π. γέλως, βοή, much or great, S.Aj. 303, 1149; μωρία ib. 745; ὄλβος, αἰδώς, A.Pers. 251, Ag. 948;ἀσφάλεια Th.2.11
; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια, Pl.Phd. 67e, Phdr. 275c, etc.b rarely of a single person, great, mighty,μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.7.14
, cf. E.Hipp.1; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor.p.23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68;ὁ πάντα π. Id.p.27
B.; ὁ πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28;ῥώμην σώματος πολύς D.H.2.42
.c joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow with full stream, metaph. from a river, E.Hipp. 443;θρασυνομένῳ καὶ πολλῷ ῥέοντι D. 18.136
; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός was blowing strong and fresh, Id.25.57, cf. Ar.Eq. 760, AP11.49 (Even.): generally, with might or force,ὅταν ὁ θεὸς.. ἔλθῃ πολύς E.Ba. 300
;ἢν π. παρῇ Id.Or. 1200
;π. καὶ τολμηρὸς ἅνθρωπος D.40.53
: with part. and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος was all entreaties, Hdt.9.91; ;Ἐτεοκλέης ἂν εἷς π... ὑμνοῖθ' A.Th.6
;π. ἐνέκειτο λέγων Hdt.7.158
;π. τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἔγκειται D.18.199
; alsoπ. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισι Hdt.8.59
;πρὸς ταῖς παρασκευαῖς Plb.5.49.7
;ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ D.S.14.107
: without a Prep.,π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθής Aeschin.2.41
; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be often mentioned, Id.1.166.3 of Value or Worth,πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται Il.23.562
, cf. Od.8.405;πολλοῦ ἄξιος X.An.4.1.28
, etc.;πολλῶν ἄξιος Ar. Pax 918
; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. magni facere, cf.περί A.
IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a high price, D.8.53;ἐπὶ π. ἐρραθυμηκότες Id.1.15
; πολύ ἐστί τι it is worth much, of great conscquence, X.Oec.18.7.4 of Space, large, wide, π. χώρη, πεδίον, Il.23.520,4.244, etc.; πόντος, πέλαγος, Hes.Op. 635, S.Ph. 635;χῶρος πλατὺς καὶ π. Hdt.4.39
; λίμνη μεγάλη τε καὶ π. ib. 109;π. ἡ Σικελία Th. 7.13
;π. ἡ Ἑλλάς Pl.Phd. 78a
, etc.; πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched wide, Il.7.156, cf. 11.307; π. κέλευθος a far way, A.Pers. 748 (troch.): withoutὁδός, πολλὴ μὲν εἰς Ἡράκλειαν.., πολλὴ δὲ εἰς Χρυσόπολιν.. X.An.6.3.16
: διὰ πολλοῦ, ἐκ πολλοῦ, v. infr. IV.5 of Time, long, (anap.), etc.;πολὺν χρόνον Il.2.343
, etc.;οὐ π. χρ. S.Ph. 348
, etc.; soπολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.Pl.98
;χρόνῳ πολλῷ S.Tr. 228
; διὰ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) Luc.Nec.15;ἐκ πολλοῦ Th.1.58
, D. 21.41; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, D.S.14.43;οὐ μετὰ πολύ Luc.Tox.54
; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός while still quite night, Th.8.101; πολλῆς ὥρας late in the day, Plb.5.8.3;ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35
;ἔτι ἔστιν ἡμέρα πολλή LXX Ge.29.7
.II Special usages:1 c. partit.gen., e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, Il.18.271, etc.; neut., πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ, Od.19.450: in Prose, the Adj. generally takes the gender of the gen.,τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.1.24
; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7;τῆς ἀθάρης πολλήν Ar.Pl. 694
;πολλὴν τῆς χώρας X.Cyr. 3.2.2
;ὁ π. τοῦ λόγου D.44.6
; v. infr. 3.2 joined with another Adj.,πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακά A.Ch. 277
, cf. 585 (lyr.), etc.: more freq. joined to another Adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί many men and good, Il.6.452, etc.;πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι 21.586
;πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά Od.2.312
; παλαιά τε πολλά τε ib. 188;ἄκοσμά τε π. τε Il.2.213
;πολλαί γε.. καὶ ἄλλαι Hes.Th. 363
;π. τε καὶ κακά Hdt.4.167
, etc.;π. κἀγαθά Ar.Th. 351
(butπ. ἀγαθά IG12.76.45
);π. καὶ ἀνόσια Pl.R. 416e
;π. καὶ μακάρια Id.Plt. 269d
;π. καὶ πονηρά X.Mem.2.9.6
;πολλά τε καὶ δεινά Id.An.5.5.8
;μεγάλα καὶ π. D.36.22
; π. καὶ καλοὺς (s.v.l.) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα, Din.1.109.3 with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those many lives, A.Ag. 1456 (lyr.), cf. S.OT 845, Th.3.87, Pl.Phd. 88a, Ti. 54a, Act.Ap.26.24: with abstract Nouns,τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείας A. Ag. 1001
(lyr., dub.); numbers,Hdt.
1.136.b οἱ π. the many, i.e. the greater number,Ἀθηναῖοι.. ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοί Th. 1.126
, cf. 3.32, etc. (so in sg., ὁ πολλὸς λόγος the prevailing report, Hdt.1.75);τοῖς π. κριταῖς S.Aj. 1243
: with gen., τοῖς π. βροτῶν ib. 682;οἱ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων X.Cyr.8.2.24
; far the most,Hp.
Aër.20 (v.l. μάλιστα for ἅπαντες); for τὰ πολλὰ πάντα, v. infr. 111.1a: hence οἱ πολλοί the people, the commonalty, opp. οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, Th.1.6; opp. οἱ κομψότεροι, Pl.R. 505b; οἱ π., = Lat. plebs, D.S.20.36; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one of the multitude, D.21.96; alsoὁ π. λεώς Luc.JTr.53
, cf. Rh.Pr.17;ὁ π. ὅμιλος Id.Luct.2
. Hdn.1.1.1, etc.;ὁ π. δῆμος Luc.Apol.15
;ὁ π. ὄχλος Ph. 2.4
; ὁ π. alone, = vulgus, v.l. in D.S.2.29; the ordinary man, Epicur.Fr. 478, Phld.Rh.2.154S.;νίμμα ὁ π. λέγει, ἡμεῖς ἀπόνιπτρον λέγομεν Phryn.170
, cf.369; ὁ ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme moyen sensuel', Herm.in Phdr.p.146A.; ὁ π. ἄνθρωπος (with pl. Verb) the average man, opp. τὸ ἐξαίρετον, Eun.Hist.p.216 D.c τὸ πολύ, c. gen.,τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.8.100
;τὸ π. τοῦ χρόνου Hp.
Aër. 20;τῶν λογάδων τὸ π. Th.5.73
;τῶν ὅπλων τὸ π. Pl.Plt. 288b
; alsoὁ στρατὸς ὁ πολλός Hdt.1.102
;ἡ δύναμις ἡ π. Th.1.24
; ὁ π. βίοτος the best part of life, S.El. 185 (lyr.).d the most,Od.
22.273, and perh. 2.58, 17.537 (elsewh. in Hom. πολλά, as Subst., means much riches, great possessions, Il.11.684, Od.19.195);τὰ π. τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.13
; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of the average, Arist.Rh. 1363b11.4 pl. πολλά very much, too much, πολλὰ πράσσειν, = πολυπραγμονεῖν, E.Supp. 576, Ar.Ra. 228;π. ἔπαθεν Pi.O.13.63
, etc.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one much harm, A. Th. 923 (lyr.).5 πολλάς with Verbs of beating ( πληγάς being omitted), v. πληγή 1.6 πολύς repeated, , cf. A.Supp. 451; , etc.; πολλοῦ πολύς, v. infr. 111.1b: with Advbs. πολλάκις, πολλαχῇ, etc. (qq. v., cf. 111.1 e).III Adverbial usages:a neut. πολύ ([dialect] Ion. πολλόν) , πολλά, much,πόλλ' ἀεκαζομένη Il.6.458
, etc.; strengthd.,μάλα πολλά 8.22
, al.;πάνυ πολύ Pl.Alc.1.119c
; ; esp. of repetition, often, Il.2.798, Od.13.29, Hes.Op. 322; so of earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ' ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ' εὐχομένω, Il.5.528, 11.782, 5.358, 9.183: with the Art., for the most part,Pl.
Prt. 315a, etc. (but with numerals, at most, Vett. Val.9.5);ὡς τὸ π. X.Mem.1.1.10
, etc.;τὰ πολλά Th.1.13
, 2.11,87, etc.;ὡς τὰ π. Id.5.65
, etc.;τὰ π. πάντα Hdt.1.203
, 2.35, 5.67.b of Degree, far, very much,ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας Id.6.82
: also abs. gen. πολλοῦ very,θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ Ar.Nu. 915
, cf. Eup.74;πολλοῦ δύνασθαι Alciphr.1.9
(s.v.l.); πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ, much too much, Ar.Eq. 822,Ra. 1046.c of Space, a great way, far,οὐ πολλόν Hdt.1.104
;πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσαν Th.1.15
, etc.d of Time, long,ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετο Hdt.4.126
, cf. 6.129.e of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perh. = ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃς,POxy. 744.9 (i B.C./i A.D.);ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθω Ar.Ec. 1105
.2 πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs.,a with a [comp] Comp. to increase its comp. force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι, Il.1.167, Od.14.17; πολὺ μᾶλλον much more, Il.9.700; πολύ τι μᾶλλον f.l. in D.H. Comp.4 (p.22 U.-R.): with words, esp. Preps., between πολύ and its Adj., π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ, Th.1.35, Pl.R. 589e;πολὺ ἔτι ἐκ λαμπροτέρων Id.Phd. 110c
;π. σὺν φρονήματι μείζονι X.An.3.1.22
, cf.3.2.30, Smp.1.4 (but the Prep. freq. comes first,ἐκ π. ἐλάττονος And.1.109
, etc.); so πολλῷ is freq. used with the [comp] Comp., by far, A.Pr. 337, Hdt. 1.134, etc.;π. μᾶλλον S.OT 1159
, Pl.Phd. 80e; οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἀσθενέστερον not a great deal weaker, Hdt.1.181, cf. 2.48,67, etc.: πολύ with all words implying comparison, πολὺ πρίν much sooner, Il.9.250;π. πρό 4.373
: with the comp. Verbφθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη 13.815
; so πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων, πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων, 6.125, 11.217;προὔλαβε πολλῷ Th.7.80
: with βούλομαι, = prefer,ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην Il.17.331
, cf. Od.17.404; πολύ γε in answers, after a [comp] Comp. or [comp] Sup., ἀργὸς.. γενήσεται μᾶλλον; Answ. , cf. 387e, etc.b with a [comp] Sup., πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος, far the first, etc., Il.2.702, 1.91, etc.;προθυμία π. τολμηροτάτη Th.1.74
, etc.;πολλόν τι μάλιστα Hdt.1.56
;π. δή, π. δὴ γυναῖκ' ἀρίσταν E.Alc. 442
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Av. 539, Archestr.Fr.34.9; alsoπολλῷ πλεῖστοι Hdt.5.92
.έ, 8.42;π. μεγίστους Id.4.82
.c with a Positive, to add force to the Adj.,ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφή A.Ag. 1295
; alsoἐς πόλλ' ἀθλία πέφυκ' ἐγώ E.Ph. 619
(troch.);πολὺ ἀφόρητος Luc.DMeretr. 9.3
; cf. πλεῖστος.IV with Preps.,1 διὰ πολλοῦ at a great interval of Space or Time, v. διά A.1.5, 11.2.4 ἐπὶ πολύ,a over a great space, far,οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.2.32
; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, Th.1.50,4.3, etc.; to a great extent, Id.1.6,18,3.83; cf.ποιέω B.11.2
.b for a long time, long, Id.5.16;τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ π. Id.7.38
, cf. 39.cὡς ἐπὶ π.
very generally,Id.
1.12 (v.l.), Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.195;ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.
for the most part,Th.
2.13, Pl.Plt. 294e, etc.;μὴ καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Isoc.4.154
;τό γ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Id.8.35
.6 περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. 1.3.7 πρὸ πολλοῦ far before,τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35
; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not long before, Id.5.62.8 σὺν πολλῷ in no small degree, only too much or too well, Hld.2.8,9.20, 10.9 (cf. CR41.53). -
2 zurribanda
f.1 repeated flogging or chastisement with a whip.2 a noisy quarrel.3 beating, spanking, thrashing. -
3 нагрузка
1. ж. мех. эл., loadнагрузка возникает в результате … — a load arises from
нагрузка от … — load due to …
2. ж. duty3. ж. тлф. телегр., trafficнагрузка зеркала испарения — water surface duty; rate of evaporation per of water surface
тяговая нагрузка — thrust loading; traction load
-
4 πυκνός
πυκνός [(A)], ή, όν, poet. also [full] πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in [dialect] Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., Pi.O.13.52 ([comp] Sup.), B.Fr.1; [dialect] Aeol. [full] πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.Supp.14.9 ( πύκινος is dub. l. Id.82); Trag. [full] πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., Aj. 1208, Ph. 854; πυκινός once in Com., Eub.38 (s.v.l.): [dialect] Lacon. [comp] Sup. πουκότατος is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—A close, compact.I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid,πυκινὸς θώρηξ Il.15.529
;χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην Od.14.521
;πυκινὸν νέφος Il.5.751
; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed, 9.621, Od.7.340;πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν Il.14.349
;Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ Emp.27.3
;σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα X.An.4.7.15
;π. δέμας Parm. 8.59
; of a sponge, Hp.Ulc.2;π. ὀστοῦν Pl.Ti. 75b
, cf. Hp.VM22; [ σάρκες] Pl.Ti. 74e; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ib. 59b;ἔβενος Thphr.HP1.5.5
;πλεύμων Plu.2.698b
; χωρία ib.650d;πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν Call. Ap.89
; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, PFay.113.8 (i/ii A.D.);ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. IG7.3073.104
(Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, thick-set, stocky, Sor.1.34.2 narrow, constricted,οὐ διέρχεται.. ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς.., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης Hp.Mul.1.73
;πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.6
.II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded,πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες Il.4.281
; , etc.;πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392
, etc.(v. infr. 111.1);πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309
;πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133
, cf. Od.5.480;σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι Il.24.453
;σταυροὺς.. πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od.14.12
; of thick plumage,πυκινὰ πτερά 5.53
;πτερὰ πυκνά Il.11.454
, 23.879; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, Il.18.320, Od.19.439, 5.471, Il.21.245, Od.14.473, 10.150, 19.520;π. νέφεα Hes.Op. 553
; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, Il.16.212; πυκινοῖσι.. βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts, 11.576;πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν Od.14.36
;τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. Hdt.7.218
; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, A.Pr. 678; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, Id.Ch. 1050; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc.,πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος S.Fr. 636
;πυκιναῖς δρόσοις Id.Aj. 1208
(lyr.);πυκνῇ νιφάδι E.Andr. 1129
; π. ῥόος a dense current, Emp.100.14;π. θρίξ X.Cyn.4.6
;π. τρίχες Pl.Prt. 321a
; [ δένδρεα] Hdt.4.22, cf. X.An.4.8.2;τὰ μὲν π... τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν Thphr.HP1.8.2
.b in Tactics, in close order, opp. ἀραιός, Ascl.Tact.4.1 ([comp] Sup.), Arr.Tact.11.1 ([comp] Comp.).2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous,πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε A.Pr. 658
;τῶν π. φιλημάτων Id.Fr. 135
;ὀδύναι πυκνόταται Hp.VM22
;πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα Epich.109
(anap.);π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα E.Tr. 235
; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, Id.Ph. 844; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, S.Fr.871.1; Aër.13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον quicker breathing, Id.Acut.16;π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f
; continuous, constant,φῶς Corp.Herm. 16.10
;ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι Th.7.44
;ἡ.. εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ.. πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν Pl.Ap. 40a
;ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί Id.R. 573e
;τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc.1.20
: c. inf., πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by.., X.Vect.5.1 codd.III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (v. infr. B. 111.1), Il.10.267, Od.13.68, Il.14.167, Od.23.229, 10.283;ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή Il.13.804
;π. δῶμα Xenoph.17
: hence, close, concealed,πυκινὸς δόλος Il.6.187
; and so perhaps π. λόχος, v. supr. 11.1.2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined asτὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων Aristox.Harm. p.24M.
, cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc.IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive,ἄτη Il.24.480
;μελεδῶναι Od.19.516
;ἄχος Il.16.599
.V metaph. of the mind, shrewd, wise,πυκιναὶ φρένες 14.294
, cf. Alc.Supp.14.9, B. l.c.;νόος Il.15.461
;μήδεα 3.208
;βουλή 2.55
;ἐφετμή 18.216
;μῦθοι Od.3.23
;ἔπος Il.11.788
; θυμός, βουλαί, Pi.P.4.73, I.7(6).8;φρήν E.IA67
; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Orac. ap. Hdt.7.141, cf. IG3.1320: in Prose,πυκνὴ διάνοια Pl.R. 568a
; τὸ π. terseness of expression, D.H.Th.24.2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning,Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις Pi.O.13.52
;κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν Id.Fr. 106
; πυκινοί the wise, S.Ph. 854 (lyr.);πυκνότατον κίναδος Ar.Av. 430
(lyr.); .B Adv. πυκινῶς, and after Hom. πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι close or fast shut, Il.9.475, Od.2.344, etc.2 sorely (v. supr. A. IV),πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος Il.19.312
, cf. Od.19.95, al.; constantly,ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι X.Cyn.6.22
.3 sagaciously, shrewdly,π. ὑποθήσομαι Od.1.279
, cf. Il.21.293;πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν Ar.Th. 438
(lyr., s.v.l.).II neut. sg. and pl., πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as Adv., esp. in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, Od.13.438, 17.198;πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88
;τέττιξ.. καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν Hes.Op. 584
: in Prose,πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος Hp.Art.2
;πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν Pl.R. 501b
;πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι X.An.6.1.8
;πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν Arist.Rh. 1357b19
; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, Pl.R. 328d, D.41.24;πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν Pl.Cra. 420d
. Adv.- οτέρως Lesb.Gramm.23
, PLond.5.1929(iv A.D.): [comp] Sup.πυκνότατα X.Eq.11.11
.2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (v. supr. A.V) Od.9.445.III poet. Adv. [full] πύκα [[pron. full] ?πυκνόςX?πυκνόςX], thickly, solidly,θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο 1.436
;π. π. δόμοιο 22.455
;σάκεος π. π. Il.18
. 608;Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317
, cf. 15.689, 739;πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι 12.454
.2 θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, 9.588.------------------------------------ -
5 Cartwright, Revd Edmund
[br]b. 24 April 1743 Marnham, Nottingham, Englandd. 30 October 1823 Hastings, Sussex, England[br]English inventor of the power loom, a combing machine and machines for making ropes, bread and bricks as well as agricultural improvements.[br]Edmund Cartwright, the fourth son of William Cartwright, was educated at Wakefield Grammar School, and went to University College, Oxford, at the age of 14. By special act of convocation in 1764, he was elected Fellow of Magdalen College. He married Alice Whitaker in 1772 and soon after was given the ecclesiastical living of Brampton in Derbyshire. In 1779 he was presented with the living of Goadby, Marwood, Leicestershire, where he wrote poems, reviewed new works, and began agricultural experiments. A visit to Matlock in the summer of 1784 introduced him to the inventions of Richard Arkwright and he asked why weaving could not be mechanized in a similar manner to spinning. This began a remarkable career of inventions.Cartwright returned home and built a loom which required two strong men to operate it. This was the first attempt in England to develop a power loom. It had a vertical warp, the reed fell with the weight of at least half a hundredweight and, to quote Gartwright's own words, "the springs which threw the shuttle were strong enough to throw a Congreive [sic] rocket" (Strickland 19.71:8—for background to the "rocket" comparison, see Congreve, Sir William). Nevertheless, it had the same three basics of weaving that still remain today in modern power looms: shedding or dividing the warp; picking or projecting the shuttle with the weft; and beating that pick of weft into place with a reed. This loom he proudly patented in 1785, and then he went to look at hand looms and was surprised to see how simply they operated. Further improvements to his own loom, covered by two more patents in 1786 and 1787, produced a machine with the more conventional horizontal layout that showed promise; however, the Manchester merchants whom he visited were not interested. He patented more improvements in 1788 as a result of the experience gained in 1786 through establishing a factory at Doncaster with power looms worked by a bull that were the ancestors of modern ones. Twenty-four looms driven by steam-power were installed in Manchester in 1791, but the mill was burned down and no one repeated the experiment. The Doncaster mill was sold in 1793, Cartwright having lost £30,000, However, in 1809 Parliament voted him £10,000 because his looms were then coming into general use.In 1789 he began working on a wool-combing machine which he patented in 1790, with further improvements in 1792. This seems to have been the earliest instance of mechanized combing. It used a circular revolving comb from which the long fibres or "top" were. carried off into a can, and a smaller cylinder-comb for teasing out short fibres or "noils", which were taken off by hand. Its output equalled that of twenty hand combers, but it was only relatively successful. It was employed in various Leicestershire and Yorkshire mills, but infringements were frequent and costly to resist. The patent was prolonged for fourteen years after 1801, but even then Cartwright did not make any profit. His 1792 patent also included a machine to make ropes with the outstanding and basic invention of the "cordelier" which he communicated to his friends, including Robert Fulton, but again it brought little financial benefit. As a result of these problems and the lack of remuneration for his inventions, Cartwright moved to London in 1796 and for a time lived in a house built with geometrical bricks of his own design.Other inventions followed fast, including a tread-wheel for cranes, metallic packing for pistons in steam-engines, and bread-making and brick-making machines, to mention but a few. He had already returned to agricultural improvements and he put forward suggestions in 1793 for a reaping machine. In 1801 he received a prize from the Board of Agriculture for an essay on husbandry, which was followed in 1803 by a silver medal for the invention of a three-furrow plough and in 1805 by a gold medal for his essay on manures. From 1801 to 1807 he ran an experimental farm on the Duke of Bedford's estates at Woburn.From 1786 until his death he was a prebendary of Lincoln. In about 1810 he bought a small farm at Hollanden near Sevenoaks, Kent, where he continued his inventions, both agricultural and general. Inventing to the last, he died at Hastings and was buried in Battle church.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBoard of Agriculture Prize 1801 (for an essay on agriculture). Society of Arts, Silver Medal 1803 (for his three-furrow plough); Gold Medal 1805 (for an essay on agricultural improvements).Bibliography1785. British patent no. 1,270 (power loom).1786. British patent no. 1,565 (improved power loom). 1787. British patent no. 1,616 (improved power loom).1788. British patent no. 1,676 (improved power loom). 1790, British patent no. 1,747 (wool-combing machine).1790, British patent no. 1,787 (wool-combing machine).1792, British patent no. 1,876 (improved wool-combing machine and rope-making machine with cordelier).Further ReadingM.Strickland, 1843, A Memoir of the Life, Writings and Mechanical Inventions of Edmund Cartwright, D.D., F.R.S., London (remains the fullest biography of Cartwright).Dictionary of National Biography (a good summary of Cartwright's life). For discussions of Cartwright's weaving inventions, see: A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London; R.L. Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester. F.Nasmith, 1925–6, "Fathers of machine cotton manufacture", Transactions of theNewcomen Society 6.H.W.Dickinson, 1942–3, "A condensed history of rope-making", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 23.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (covers both his power loom and his wool -combing machine).RLHBiographical history of technology > Cartwright, Revd Edmund
-
6 منتظم
مُنْتَظِم \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. regular: steady; not changing; usual; repeated at fixed times; even: regular meals; regular breathing; regular trains. steady: regular; not changing (in speed, effort, amount, etc.): a steady increase; a steady worker. streamlined: arranged so as to allow a smooth flow: a streamlined production in a factory. -
7 even
مُنْتَظِم \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. regular: steady; not changing; usual; repeated at fixed times; even: regular meals; regular breathing; regular trains. steady: regular; not changing (in speed, effort, amount, etc.): a steady increase; a steady worker. streamlined: arranged so as to allow a smooth flow: a streamlined production in a factory. -
8 regular
مُنْتَظِم \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. regular: steady; not changing; usual; repeated at fixed times; even: regular meals; regular breathing; regular trains. steady: regular; not changing (in speed, effort, amount, etc.): a steady increase; a steady worker. streamlined: arranged so as to allow a smooth flow: a streamlined production in a factory. -
9 steady
مُنْتَظِم \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. regular: steady; not changing; usual; repeated at fixed times; even: regular meals; regular breathing; regular trains. steady: regular; not changing (in speed, effort, amount, etc.): a steady increase; a steady worker. streamlined: arranged so as to allow a smooth flow: a streamlined production in a factory. -
10 streamlined
مُنْتَظِم \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. regular: steady; not changing; usual; repeated at fixed times; even: regular meals; regular breathing; regular trains. steady: regular; not changing (in speed, effort, amount, etc.): a steady increase; a steady worker. streamlined: arranged so as to allow a smooth flow: a streamlined production in a factory.
См. также в других словарях:
Beating up — may refer to: * Systematic punching many times, or hitting with a blunt instrument, to enforce an order, inflict punishment, prevent the victim from resisting for a while, or release anger. Often two or more men take part, sometimes ith one or… … Wikipedia
Beating — Beat Beat (b[=e]t), v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[ a]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[=o]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
beating — noun Date: 13th century 1. an act of striking with repeated blows so as to injure or damage; also the injury or damage thus inflicted 2. pulsation 3. defeat, setback … New Collegiate Dictionary
A beating wind — Beat Beat, v. i. 1. To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly. [1913 Webster] The men of the city . . . beat at the door. Judges. xix. 22. [1913 Webster] 2. To move with pulsation or throbbing. [1913 Webster]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
batter — I bat•ter [[t]ˈbæt ər[/t]] v. t. 1) soc to beat persistently or hard 2) soc to subject (a person) to repeated beating or other abuse 3) to damage by beating or subjecting to rough usage 4) to deal heavy, repeated blows; pound steadily • Etymology … From formal English to slang
Wroxham F.C. — Football club infobox clubname = Wroxham fullname = Wroxham Football Club nickname = The Yachtsmen founded = 1892 ground = Trafford Park, Wroxham capacity = 1,100 chairman = Tom Jarrett manager = Damian Hilton (player/manager) league = Eastern… … Wikipedia
pelt — pelt1 /pelt/, v.t. 1. to attack or assail with repeated blows or with missiles. 2. to throw (missiles). 3. to drive by blows or missiles: The child pelted the cows home from the fields. 4. to assail vigorously with words, questions, etc. 5. to… … Universalium
C.D. Olimpia — Olimpia Full name Club Deportivo Olimpia Nickname(s) Leones (Lions) Albos Merengues Melenudos El más popular … Wikipedia
football — /foot bawl /, n. 1. a game in which two opposing teams of 11 players each defend goals at opposite ends of a field having goal posts at each end, with points being scored chiefly by carrying the ball across the opponent s goal line and by place… … Universalium
textile — /teks tuyl, til/, n. 1. any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. 2. a material, as a fiber or yarn, used in or suitable for weaving: Glass can be used as a textile. adj. 3. woven or capable of being woven: textile fabrics. 4 … Universalium
beat — beatable, adj. /beet/, v., beat, beaten or beat, beating, n., adj. v.t. 1. to strike violently or forcefully and repeatedly. 2. to dash against: rain beating the trees. 3. to flutter, flap, or rotate in or against: beating the air with its wings … Universalium