-
21 stьlati
stьlati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `spread'Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:stláti `make one's bed' [verb]Old Czech:Slovene:stláti `strew' [verb], stę́ljem [1sg]Bulgarian:stélja `cover, spread' [verb]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: st(H)l-Other cognates: -
22 xȗdъ
xȗdъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: VIII 111-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:xudój `thin, lean, bad, full of holes' [adj o];xúže `wor'se' [comp]Czech:chudý `poor, bad, lean' [adj o]Slovak:chudý `thin, lean' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:hȗd (dial.) `bad, evil' [adj o];Čak. hȗt (Orbanići) `leaky, with a hole in it' [adj o], hudȁ [Nomsf], hȗdo [Nomsn]Slovene:hȗd `bad, evil' [adj o], húda [Nomsf]Indo-European reconstruction: ksoud-ó-IE meaning: smallPage in Pokorny: 625Comments: The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law.Other cognates:Skt. kṣudrá- `small' [adj]Notes:The fact that the root is not acute in Slavic, as one would expect in view of the *-d (Winters's law) is a consequence of Meillet's law. -
23 žuriti
žuriti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `rage'Russian:žurít' (coll.) `reprove, scold' [verb], žurjú [1sg], žurít [3sg];žurít'sja (dial.) `grieve, quarrel' [verb], žurjús' [1sg], žurítsja [3sg]Czech:zuřiti `rage, be furious' [verb] \{1\}Slovak:zúrit' `rage, be furious' [verb] \{1\}Polish:żurzyć się (obs.) `be angry, rage' [verb]Lower Sorbian:zuriś `make sour, embitter' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:žúriti se `hurry' [verb], žúrim se [1sg]Indo-European reconstruction: gʰeuro-Comments: According to Young (2002), the West Slavic forms continue a denominative verb based on an unattested adjective corresponding to Lith. žiaurùs `cruel, savage', which he assumes to have the same root as Lith. žvėrìs `wild animal' (*ǵʰeuh₁r-?). Like Vasmer and others, he connects the East and South Slavic forms with Skt. ghorá- `terrible, terrifying' [adj] and Go. gaurs `sad' [adj]. Since the meaning of the West Slavic forms may have been influenced by German sauer `sour, angry' (perhaps through association with West Slavic * žurъ `sour mass used for soup or bread', which is regarded as a borrowing), I wonder if it is necessary to assume a different origin for the West Slavic forms on the one hand and the East and South Slavic forms on the other.Other cognates:Skt. ghorá- (RV+) `terrible, terrifying' [adj];Notes:\{1\} With dissimilation of *žuř- to zuř- in Czech (Machek 1971: s.v.). The Slovak form may be a borrowing from Czech. -
24 blǫ̑dъ
blǫ̑dъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `delusion'Page in Trubačev: II 126-127Old Church Slavic:blǫdъ `debauchery, depravity, adultery' [m o]Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:bɫąd `mistake, delusion' [m o], bɫędu [Gens]Serbo-Croatian:blȗd `mistake, delusion, lechery, adultery' [m o]Slovene:blǫ̑d `mistake, delusion, voluptuousness' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: blondosLithuanian:blañdas `cloudiness, obscuration of mind or eyesight, drowsiness' [m o];blandà `fog' [f ā] 4;blandùs `dim, cloudy, thick (soup)' [adj u]Latvian:Page in Pokorny: 157Comments: Deverbative o-stem with o-grade in the root of *bʰlend-. Skt. bradhná- (RV+) `pale ruddy, yellowish, bay' [adj], which has been assumed to be cogtyy o- rather belongs together with * bronъ.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} According to Verweij (1994: 52), the originally long root vowel of Cz. bloud may be a vestige of the accent paradigm to which *blǫdъ belonged prior to the operation of Illič-Svityč's law. -
25 borna
I. borna I Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `harrow'Page in Trubačev: II 204-206Russian:boroná `harrow' [f ā], bóronu [Accs]Old Russian:Ukrainian:boroná `harrow' [f ā]Czech:brány `harrow' [Nomplf ā]Slovak:brány `harrow' [Nomplf ā]Polish:Slovincian:bǻrnă `harrow' [f]Upper Sorbian:bróna `harrow' [f ā]Polabian:bornă `harrow' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:brána `harrow' [f ā]Slovene:brána `harrow' [f ā]Bulgarian:brána `harrow' [f ā];braná (dial.) `harrow' [f ā]Macedonian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰorH-neh₂Page in Pokorny: 133Comments: According to the ESSJa, *borna `harrow' and *borna `guarded entrance, barrier' belong to one and the same root. Though this may be correct, I prefer to leave it an open question whether these words may be identified. In my opinion, this is tantamount to leaving the question whether PSl. *borti, Lat. ferīre and OIc. berja are cognate with Gk. φαρόωσι, Lat. forāre and OIc. bora unanswered.Other cognates:Notes:II. borna II Grammatical information: f. āPage in Trubačev: II 204-206Old Russian:Ukrainian:boróna `defence' [f ā]Czech:brána `entrance, gate, defences' [f ā]Old Czech:brána `fortification, gate' [f]Slovak:brána `gate, guarded entrance' [f ā]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:brána `dam, weir, barrier, defender, defence' [f ā]Slovene:brána `protection, defence' [f ā]Bulgarian:braná (dial.) `dam, weir' [f ā]Macedonian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰorH-neh₂Page in Pokorny: 133Comments: See borna I. -
26 borzdà
borzdà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `furrow'Page in Trubačev: II 220Old Church Slavic:Russian:borozdá `furrow, (dial.) harrow, canal' [f ā]Czech:brázda `furrow' [f ā]Slovak:brázda `furrow' [f ā]Polish:Slovincian:bḁ́řḍă `furrow' [f ā]Upper Sorbian:brózda `furrow' [f ā]Lower Sorbian:brůzda (dial.) `furrow' [f ā];brou̯zda (dial.) `furrow' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:Čak. bråzdȁ (Vrgada) `furrow' [f ā];Čak. brāzdȁ (Orbanići) `furrow, row (of potatoes etc., planted in one furrow)' [f ā] \{1\}Slovene:brázda `furrow, wrinkle' [f ā]Bulgarian:brazdá `furrow' [f ā];brezdá `furrow' [f ā]Macedonian:brazdá `furrow, irrigation canal, wrinkle' [f ā]Lithuanian:bir̃žė `sign (out of straws or twigs) that marks the boundary of the sowed land, furrow' [f ē] 2 \{2\}Latvian:bìrze `furrow' [f ē]Comments: The reconstruction * bʰrs-d(ʰ)-, which would enable a connection with Skt. bhr̥ṣṭí- f. (RV) `point, top, spike, tooth', cannot account for the Baltic forms.Other cognates:Skt. bhr̥ṣṭí-Notes: -
27 brьdnǫti
brьdnǫti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wade'Page in Trubačev: III 67Czech:břednouti `melt, (obs.) wade' [verb]Slovak:bŕdnut' `wade, roam' [verb]Polish:brnąć `wade' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bird-Lithuanian:brìsti `wade' [verb], breñda [3sg], brìdo [3sgprt]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰrdʰ-IE meaning: wadePage in Pokorny: 164Comments: One would have suspected *bьrdnǫti, but Cz. břednouti points to *brьd. Apparently the zero grade of the root was influenced by the full grade of other forms. Likewise, Proto-East Baltic *bristi must have ousted *birsti < *bʰrdʰ-ti on the analogy of forms with full grade. How old the metathesis actually is, cannot be determined. -
28 dȅvętь
dȅvętь Grammatical information: num. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `nine'Page in Trubačev: IV 222-223Old Church Slavic:devętь `nine' [num i]Russian:dévjat' `nine' [num i], devjatí [Gens]Czech:devět `nine' [num]Slovak:Polish:dziewięć `nine' [num i]Slovincian:ʒìe̯vjinc `nine' [num]Serbo-Croatian:dȅvēt `nine' [num];Čak. dȅvet (Vrgada, Orbanići) `nine' [num]Slovene:devę̑t `nine' [num]Bulgarian:dévet `nine' [num]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: deu̯inLithuanian:devynì `nine' [num]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁neunIE meaning: ninePage in Pokorny: 318Comments: For Balto-Slavic one would expect *dou̯in, with *eu > *ou before a vowel. The e vocalism may have been reintroduced on the basis of the ordinal * deuno- prior to the development *eu > * iou before consonant (Hamp 1976, Kortlandt 1979: 57). The ordinal was later reshaped into *deu̯ino-. In view of OPr. newīnts `nine', it is possible that the numeral still had initial *n- at the end of the Balto-Slavic period, but German influence cannot be excluded.Other cognates:Skt. náva `nine' [num]; -
29 dě̀verь
dě̀verь Grammatical information: m. jo Accent paradigm: a (c) Proto-Slavic meaning: `husband's brother'Page in Trubačev: V 19Russian:déver' `husband's brother' [m jo], dever'já [Nom p] \{1\}Old Czech:deveř `husband's brother' [m jo]Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:djȅvēr `husband's brother, best man' [m o];Čak. dȉver (Vrgada) `husband's brother, best man' [m o];Čak. dȅver (Orbanići) `marriage witness' [m o]Slovene:dẹvę̑r `husband's brother' [m jo], dẹvȇrja [Gens];dẹ́ver `husband's brother, best man' [m o], dẹ́vera [Gens]Bulgarian:déver `husband's brother, best man' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: dáʔiuer-Lithuanian:díeveris `husband's brother' [m i] 1;dieverìs `husband's brother' [m i] 3aLatvian:diẽveris `husband's brother' [m io]Indo-European reconstruction: deh₂i-uer-IE meaning: husband's brotherCertainty: +Comments: In case-forms with original stress on the suffix one expects root stress as a result of Hirt's law. This accounts for the many indications for root stress in both Baltic and Slavic.Other cognates:Skt. devár- `husband's brother';Gk. δα̑ήρ `husband's brother'Notes:\{1\} AP (a) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 138). -
30 diriti
diriti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `look for'Page in Trubačev: V 31Bulgarian:dírja `look for, seek, strive for' [verb]Lithuanian:dyrė́ti (coll.) `look out (for), watch (for), stare, gape, be in hiding' [verb]Comments: According to the ESSJa, the Slavic and Baltic verbs are possibly cognate with -> *dьrati `tear'. In that case the i would have to originate from the iterative. The connection with Germanic, as advocated by Stang (1972: ??), is not unattractive, however. One might reconstruct *dei(H)r- or * deih₂-r-, cf. Skt. dayi `shine, radiate'.Other cognates: -
31 dojìti
dojìti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `give milk, milk'Page in Trubačev: V 53-54Old Church Slavic:Russian:doít' `milk' [verb], dojú [1sg], doít [3sg];doít' (dial.) `give milk (cow), suckle (calf)' [verb]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:dòjiti `breast-feed, suckle, give milk' [verb], dòjīm [1sg];Čak. dojȉti (Vrgada) `breast-feed, suckle, give milk' [verb], dojĩš [2sg];Čak. dojȉt (Orbanići) `suckle, breast-feed' [verb], dojĩ [3sg]Slovene:dojíti `breast-feed, give milk, milk' [verb], dojím [1sg]Bulgarian:dojá `breast-feed, give milk, milk' [verb]Page in Pokorny: 241Comments: The straightfoward analysis * dʰoiH₁-eie meets with several difficulties. In the first place, one would rather expect * dʰoH₁i-eie in view of forms such as Latv. dêt `suck', where we are dealing with an unextended root. This reconstruction would yield * dajati, however. Skt. dáyati `suckle', has been analyzed as * dʰh₁-eie (see LIV: 142), where the same analysis is applied to OSw. dīa), but this reconstruction cannot account the Slavic form. Klingenschmitt (1982: 148) has suggested for both Slavic *dojìti and Go. daddjan that the formation is built on the present stem, i.e. *dʰ(h₁)éie gave rise to *dʰoi̯éi̯e.Other cognates:Skt. dháyati `suck' [verb]; -
32 ȇ̌dъ
ȇ̌dъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `poison'Page in Trubačev: VI 45-47Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:jěd `poison' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:ȉjed `gall, poison, anger' [m o];jȇd `gall, poison, anger' [m o];jȃd `grief, sorrow' [m o];Čak. ȋd (Vrgada) `gall, poison, anger' [m o];Čak. jȁd (Vrgada) `grief, sorrow' [m o];Čak. jȃt (Orbanići) `anger' [m o], jȃda [Gens]Slovene:Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁ed-o-Page in Pokorny: 288Comments: I prefer this etymology to the one deriving *ě̑dъ from * h₂eid- `swell'. As to the semantics, we may compare the euphemisms MoHG Gift `poison' (from geben) and MoFr. poison < * pōtion(em) (Vasmer s.v. jad).Other cognates:OIc. át `food' [n]; -
33 eterъ
eterъ Grammatical information: prn.Page in Trubačev: VIII 187Old Church Slavic:Church Slavic:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:wótery, wótary, wótory `some' [prn o]Indo-European reconstruction: io-tero-IE meaning: someoneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 283Comments: It cannot be decided whether this pronoun continues PIE *io-tero- or *h₁e-etero-, cf. Skt. yatará- `which of the two' vs. Av. atāra- `this one of the two'. The Sorbian forms may have been influenced by *vъtorъ `second'.Other cognates:Skt. yatará- `which of the two' -
34 ěro
ěro; ěra; ěrь Grammatical information: n. o; f. ā; m. oPage in Trubačev: VIII 175-176Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁra `great heat, mirage, spirit' [f ā];jȃr `spring' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: jeʔro-Lithuanian:ė́ras `lamb' [m o] 3;jė́ras (dial.) `lamb' [m o] 3Latvian:ję̃rs `lamb' [m o];Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: Hieh₁-r-IE meaning: `season'Comments: There is a possibility that the root is identical with * Hieh₁- `send'.Other cognates:Skt. paryāríṇī- (Kath+) `cow which has its first calf after a year' [f];Gk. ὥρᾱ `time, season' [f];Notes: -
35 ěra
ěro; ěra; ěrь Grammatical information: n. o; f. ā; m. oPage in Trubačev: VIII 175-176Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁra `great heat, mirage, spirit' [f ā];jȃr `spring' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: jeʔro-Lithuanian:ė́ras `lamb' [m o] 3;jė́ras (dial.) `lamb' [m o] 3Latvian:ję̃rs `lamb' [m o];Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: Hieh₁-r-IE meaning: `season'Comments: There is a possibility that the root is identical with * Hieh₁- `send'.Other cognates:Skt. paryāríṇī- (Kath+) `cow which has its first calf after a year' [f];Gk. ὥρᾱ `time, season' [f];Notes: -
36 goditi
goditi Grammatical information: v.Page in Trubačev: VI 188-190Old Church Slavic:godę `pleasing' [Nomsm pprsa]Church Slavic:Russian:godít' `wait, loiter' [verb], gožú [1sg], godít [3sg];godít'sja `be suited' [verb], gožús' [1sg], godítsja [3sg]Czech:Polish:godzić `reconcile, unite, heal' [verb];godzić się `agree, succeed' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:gòditi `please' [verb];Čak. godȉt (Orbanići) `please' [verb]Slovene:godíti `rear, please' [verb], godím;godíti se `succeed, take place' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: godos / gōdosLithuanian:guõdas `honour, worship, hospitality' [m o]Latvian:gùods `honour, banquet, wedding' [m o]Indo-European reconstruction: gʰodʰ-Page in Pokorny: 423Other cognates: -
37 līcè
līcè Grammatical information: n. jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `cheek, face'Page in Trubačev: XV 75-78Old Church Slavic:Russian:licó `face, person' [n o]Old Russian:Czech:líce `face, (lit.) cheek' [n o]Old Czech:líce `cheek' [n o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:líce `face, appearance' [n o];Čak. līcȅ (Vrgada: obs.) `face, appearance' [n o], lȉca [Nom p];Čak. līcȅ (Novi) `face, appearance' [n o], líca [Nom p];Čak. līcȅ (Orbanići) `cheek' [n o], lĩca [Nom p]Slovene:líce `cheek, face' [n o]Bulgarian:licé `face, appearance, person' [n o]Old Prussian:laygnan (EV) `cheek'Comments: Since the third palatalization is generally considered not to have operated after *ei, one may advance the hypothesis that the root originally had zero grade.Other cognates: -
38 mȏrkъ
mȏrkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `darkness'Page in Trubačev: XIX 234-236Old Church Slavic:Russian:mórok (dial.) `darkness, cloud, fog' [m o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mrȃk `darkness' [m o], mrȃka [Gens];Čak. mrå̄k (Vrgada) `darkness' [m o], mrå̄ka [Gens];Čak. mrȃk (Novi) `darkness' [m o]Slovene:mrȃk `twilight' [m o/u], mrȃka [Gens], mrakȗ [Gens]Bulgarian:Lithuanian:mérkti `close one's eyes' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: morHk-ó-Other cognates: -
39 mьgnǫti
mьgnǫti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `blink'Page in Trubačev: XXI 97-98Old Russian:Czech:Serbo-Croatian:màgnuti `blink' [verb]Slovene:mǝgníti `blink' [verb], mágnem [1sg], mę́gnim [1sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mig-Indo-European reconstruction: h₃meigʰ-IE meaning: flicker, blinkCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 712Comments: According to the ESSJa (XIX: 29), the root vocalism of *mьgnǫti is older than the one encountered in *mignǫti, which in most Slavic languages serves as the perfective counterpart of *migati. Van Wijk was the first to identify *mьgnǫti with Gm. *mikk- `aim' < *mig(h)-n- (Van Wijk 1911: 124).Other cognates: -
40 mьrkъ
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