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81 period
ˈpɪərɪəd
1. сущ.
1) период;
промежуток времени, срок for a period ≈ на время extra period ≈ добавочное, дополнительное время cooling-off period honeymoon period incubation period rest period transitional period trial period waiting period
2) эпоха, значительный отрезок времени in a certain period ≈ в определенный момент, период in that period of history ≈ в этот исторический период prehistoric period ≈ доисторический период
3) мн. риторическая, "цветистая" речь( с точки зрения стиля)
4) а) мед. приступ, период обострения заболевания б) мн. менструация Syn: menses, catamenia
5) грам. период, большое сложное законченное предложение Tosltoy often used periods in his novels. ≈ толстой в своих романах очень часто прибегал к периодам.
6) а) пауза в конце периода, в конце предложения б) точка (знак препинания) Syn: full stop
7) фиксированный, отведенный, регламентированный интервал времени для чего-л. а) мат.;
астр.;
геол. период Syn: age, cycle, aeon, epoch, era, generation б) урок( в школе и т.д.)
8) муз. период
2. прил. относящийся к определенному периоду (о мебели, платье и т. п.) the practical book of period furniture ≈ практическое руководство по мебели разных периодов период, промежуток времени;
срок - lasting for a * of three months длящийся три месяца, сроком в три месяца - within the agreed * в пределах оговоренного срока - they visited us for a short * они немного погостили у нас - fixed * установленный период времени /срок/ - at this * of the year в это время года - a * of famine голодные времена - * of rest время /час/ отдыха;
передышка - extra /overtime/ * (спортивное) добавочное время (игры) - trial * испытательный срок стадия - *s of a disease стадии болезни - the * of incubation инкубационный период урок, занятие - a history * урок истории эпоха, время - the costume of the * костюм данной эпохи - * of change время перемен - catchwords of the * словечки, модные в определенную эпоху - sentiments of the * чувства, характерные для данной эпохи (грамматика) сложное законченное предложение;
фраза - well-rounded *s закругленные фразы точка;
пауза в конце предложения конец - to put a * to smth. поставить точку, положить конец чему-л. pl цветистая речь, риторика часто pl (физиологическое) месячные, менструация точка ( отделяющая целое число от десятых долей) (физическое) период колебаний - *s per second число оборотов /колебаний/ в секунду - natural * собственный период (колебаний) (специальное) цикл - transformation * период полураспада;
период /длительность/ превращения - combustion * период работы двигателя;
период активного полета - wave * период волны - circular orbit * период круговой орбиты спутника Земли (геология) эпоха, период - Silurian * силурийская система( музыкальное) период (спортивное) период относящийся к определенному периоду - * play комедия нравов - * house старинный дом - * film исторический кинофильм - * furniture стильная мебель - * room комната, обставленная старинной мебелью - * contract (юридическое) долгосрочный договор accounting ~ отчетный период accounting ~ период бухгалтерской отчетности accounting ~ расчетный период accounting ~ учетный период accounting ~ финансовый год accrual ~ период накопления (средств) additional maturity ~ пролонгированный срок долгового обязательства amortization ~ срок погашения долга в рассрочку average collection ~ средний срок взыскания долгов balancing ~ период сальдирования basic rental ~ основной срок аренды billing ~ расчетный период billing ~ расчетный срок budget ~ бюджетный период busy ~ период занятости carry-back ~ период покрытия убытков компании за счет прибыли за прошлое время circulation ~ период обращения construction ~ период строительства contract ~ срок действия контракта cooling ~ период охлаждения cooling-off ~ период обдумывания и переговоров credit ~ срок кредита deflationary ~ дефляционный период delay ~ период задержки delay ~ период запаздывания delivery ~ срок доставки earning ~ период пребывания на оплачиваемой работе election ~ период выборов electoral ~ период выборов elimination ~ период ликвидации exemption ~ период освобождения от налога extension ~ продленный срок financial ~ финансовый период fiscal ~ период налогообложения forbearance ~ период воздержания от действия forbearance ~ период отказа от применения принудительных мер forecasting ~ период прогнозирования forecasting ~ прогнозируемый период period время, эпоха;
our own period наша эпоха, наше время;
the girl of the period тип современной девушки given ~ данный период given ~ установленный срок grace ~ льготный период grace ~ льготный срок grace ~ период отсрочки guarantee ~ гарантийный срок holiday ~ отпускной период idle ~ нерабочий период idle ~ перерыв в работе idle ~ период бездействия idle ~ простой inactive ~ неэффективный период income ~ период получения дохода indemnity ~ гарантийный период indemnity ~ период компенсации убытков indemnity ~ срок возмещения вреда, ущерба, убытков inquiry ~ срок расследования insurance ~ срок страхования interest-paying ~ период начисления процентов intervening ~ наступающий период intervention ~ интервенционный период lean ~ неурожайное время legal storage ~ установленный законом период хранения legislative ~ законодательный период licensing ~ срок лицензирования loan ~ срок погашения ссуды lock-up ~ срок действия глобальных обязательств lock-up ~ бирж. срок запрета продажи maturity ~ период, когда наступает срок платежа mustering ~ период освидетельствования period время, эпоха;
our own period наша эпоха, наше время;
the girl of the period тип современной девушки part ~ неполный период pay ~ период платежа pay-back ~ срок возврата денег payback ~ период окупаемости капиталовложений payment ~ срок платежа payoff ~ период окупаемости payout ~ срок выплаты peak ~ период максимального товарооборота peak ~ период максимальной нагрузки period время, эпоха;
our own period наша эпоха, наше время;
the girl of the period тип современной девушки ~ время ~ круг, цикл ~ pl менструация ~ относящийся к определенному периоду (о мебели, платье и т. п.) ~ пауза в конце периода;
точка;
to put a period (to smth.) поставить точку;
положить конец (чему-л.) ~ период, промежуток времени ~ мат., астр., геол. период ~ грам. период, большое сложное законченное предложение ~ период;
промежуток времени;
period of years определенный период времени ~ период ~ промежуток времени ~ pl риторическая речь ~ риторическая речь ~ срок ~ стадия ~ for lodging appeal срок обжалования апелляции ~ of a partnership период сотрудничества ~ of acquisition период приобретения ~ of adversity неблагоприятный период ~ of adversity период пассивного баланса ~ of assessment период оценки в целях налогообложения ~ of cancellation срок окончательной оплаты ~ of cancellation срок погашения ~ of comparison период сравнения ~ of contribution срок взноса ~ of cover период страхования ~ of crisis период кризиса ~ of employment период занятости ~ of employment период работы( на рабочем месте) ~ of gestation период беременности ~ of grace льготный срок ~ of high cost of living период высокого прожиточного минимума ~ of high interest rates период высоких ставок процента ~ of hire срок проката ~ of indemnification срок возмещения убытка ~ of indemnification срок компенсации ~ of indemnity срок возмещения убытка ~ of indemnity срок компенсации ~ of insurance период действия договора страхования ~ of intervention период валютной интервенции ~ of irremovability период несмещения с должности ~ of limitation срок исковой давности ~ of loan срок кредитования ~ of nonterminability период несмещения с должности ~ of notice срок извещения ~ of notice срок оповещения ~ of notice срок уведомления ~ of notice of termination of contract срок уведомления о расторжении контракта ~ of notification срок уведомления ~ of operation период эксплуатации ~ of operation рабочий период ~ of payment срок платежа ~ of production время производства ~ of prosperity период процветания ~ of quiet период застоя ~ of recession период спада ~ of reference срок передачи на рассмотрение ~ of repayment срок выплаты ~ of repayment срок погашения ~ of report отчетный период ~ of report период отсрочки платежа за купленные акции на Лондонской фондовой бирже ~ of residence срок проживания ~ of scarcity период дефицита ~ of service продолжительность работы ~ of slack growth период медленного роста ~ of storage период хранения ~ of taxation период налогообложения ~ of time период времени ~ of transition переходный период ~ of use продолжительность использования ~ of validity срок действия ~ of vigorous growth период интенсивного роста ~ период;
промежуток времени;
period of years определенный период времени ~ of zero growth период нулевого роста ~ to maturity срок платежа ~ to maturity срок погашения policy ~ период ограниченной ответственности фирмы за дефекты policy ~ срок действия страхового полиса policy ~ срок страхования post-war ~ послевоенный период practice ~ практика, период практики ( в учебной программе) preceding ~ предшествующий период preliminary ~ предварительный период premium ~ срок уплаты страхового взноса probation ~ испытательный срок (период обучения или работы) probationary ~ испытательный срок ~ пауза в конце периода;
точка;
to put a period (to smth.) поставить точку;
положить конец (чему-л.) qualifying ~ испытательный срок quiet ~ период регистрации займа в Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам в США recession ~ период спада redemption ~ период возвращения долга redemption ~ период выкупа redemption ~ период погашения reference ~ базовый период reference ~ отчетный период relevant ~ соответствующий период remaining ~ оставшийся срок renewal ~ период восстановления repayment ~ срок выплаты repayment ~ срок погашения reporting ~ отчетный период rollover ~ период очередной фиксации плавающей ставки по кредиту run-in ~ период обкатки run-in ~ период приработки rush ~ период наибольшей нагрузки settlement ~ платежный период settling ~ расчетный период shakedown ~ вчт. период освоения shipping ~ навигационный период slack ~ период затишья slack ~ спад в промышленности specified ~ установленный период steady ~ период стабильности subscription ~ период подписки tax ~ период налогообложения taxation ~ период налогообложения transition ~ переходный период transition: ~ attr. переходный;
transition period переходный период;
transition curve мат. переходная кривая;
transition stage переходная стадия transitional ~ переходный период transitional ~ промежуточный период trial ~ испытательный срок trial ~ срок испытания trial: ~ attr. пробный, испытательный;
trial period испытательный срок unemployment ~ период безработицы useful life ~ период нормальной эксплуатации validity ~ срок юридического действия waiting ~ время ожидания waiting ~ период ожидания( до наступления права на пособие и т. д.) waiting ~ период отсрочки ответственности страховщика waiting ~ срок ожидания weak ~ период затишья weak ~ спад производства winding up ~ ликвидационный период -
82 среда
* * *среда́ ж.
medium; ( окружающая) environment; ( воздушная или газовая) atmosphereагресси́вная среда́ — corrosive medium; corrosive atmosphereакти́вная среда́ — active mediumанизотро́пная среда́ — anisotropic mediumбезграни́чная среда́ — unbounded mediumсреда́ без поте́рь — loss-free mediumбесконе́чная среда́ — infinite mediumвесо́мая среда́ — ponderable mediumсреда́ в зо́не сва́рки — welding atmosphereвзрывоопа́сная среда́ — explosive atmosphereво́дная среда́ — aqueous mediumвосстанови́тельная среда́ — reducing mediumга́зовая среда́ — gaseous atmosphereгалто́вочная среда́ — tumbling medium, tumbling materialгиротро́пная среда́ — gyrotropic mediumгре́ющая среда́ — heating mediumдисперги́рующая среда́ — continuous phaseдисперсио́нная среда́ — disperse [dispersive, dispersion] mediumдиффузио́нная среда́ — diffusion mediumдиэлектри́ческая среда́ — dielectric mediumдугогаси́тельная среда́ — arc-extinguishing mediumжи́дкая среда́ — liquid mediumзака́лочная среда́ — quenching mediumзамедля́ющая среда́ — moderating mediumзащи́тная среда́ — shielding medium, shielding atmosphereизлуча́ющая среда́ — emitting mediumизотро́пная среда́ — isotropic mediumинве́рсная среда́ (мазера, лазера) — inverted population, population inversionинве́рсная среда́ выгора́ет — the inverted population is depletedобедня́ть инве́рсную среду́ — deplete the population inversionполуча́ть инве́рсную среду́ — invert the populationине́ртная среда́ — inert atmosphereкоррозио́нная среда́ — corrosive mediumмагни́тная среда́ — magnetic mediumмагнитоакти́вная среда́ — magnetoactive mediumмагнитоопти́ческая среда́ — magneto-optic mediumнауглеро́живающая среда́ ( газовая) — carburizing atmosphereнеодноро́дная среда́ — heterogeneous [non-homogeneous] mediumобезуглеро́живающая среда́ — decarburizing atmosphereодноро́дная среда́ — homogeneous mediumокисли́тельная среда́ — oxidizing atmosphereокружа́ющая среда́ — environmentопти́ческая среда́ — optical mediumотража́ющая среда́ — reflecting mediumохлажда́ющая среда́ — coolant, cooling mediumпередаю́щая среда́ — transmitting mediumпечна́я среда́ — furnace atmosphereпло́тная среда́ — dense mediumпоглоща́ющая среда́ — absorbing mediumпреломля́ющая среда́ — refracting mediumпроводя́щая среда́ — conducting mediumпромежу́точная среда́ — intervening mediumпротяжё́нная среда́ — extended mediumрабо́чая среда́ ( рабочего места человека-оператора) — working environmentрабо́чая, комфо́ртная среда́ — relative comfortable working environmentрабо́чая, относи́тельно дискомфо́ртная среда́ — relative discomfortable working environmentрабо́чая, сверхэкстрема́льная среда́ — super-extreme working environmentрабо́чая, экстрема́льная среда́ — extreme working environmentраздели́тельная среда́ изм. — isolation mediumразрежё́нная среда́ — rare [rarefied] mediumрегули́руемая среда́ ( контролируемая) — controlled atmosphereсамофокуси́рующая среда́ — self-focusing mediumсплошна́я среда́ — continuum, continuous mediumсреда́ с поте́рями — lossy mediumсреда́ с часто́тно-временны́м рассе́янием — dispersive medium with memory, time-frequency spread mediumтеку́чая среда́ ( жидкая или газообразная) — fluid mediumтеплопередаю́щая среда́ — heat-transfer medium, heat-transfer materialуплотня́ющая среда́ — sealing mediumфильтру́ющая среда́ — filter mediumэлектроопти́ческая среда́ — electrooptic medium* * *1) medium; 2) Wednesday -
83 Т-60
МЕЖДУ (МЕЖ) ТЕМ PrepP these forms only sent advduring the intervening period of timein the meantimemeanwhile.Возвратясь с Сенной, он (Раскольников) бросился на диван и целый час просидел без движения. Между тем стемнело... (Достоевский 3). Returning from Sennaya Square, he (Raskolnikov) flung himself on the couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. In the meantime it grew dark... (3a). On returning from the Hay-market, he (Raskolnikov) flung himself on his couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. Meanwhile it grew dark (3b). -
84 меж тем
• МЕЖДУ <МЕЖ obs> ТЕМ[PrepP; these forms only; sent adv]=====⇒ during the intervening period of time:- meanwhile.♦ Возвратясь с Сенной, он [Раскольников] бросился на диван и целый час просидел без движения. Между тем стемнело... (Достоевский 3). Returning from Sennaya Square, he [Raskolnikov] flung himself on the couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. In the meantime it grew dark... (3a). On returning from the Haymarket, he [Raskolnikov] flung himself on his couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. Meanwhile it grew dark (3b).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > меж тем
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85 между тем
• МЕЖДУ <МЕЖ obs> ТЕМ[PrepP; these forms only; sent adv]=====⇒ during the intervening period of time:- meanwhile.♦ Возвратясь с Сенной, он [Раскольников] бросился на диван и целый час просидел без движения. Между тем стемнело... (Достоевский 3). Returning from Sennaya Square, he [Raskolnikov] flung himself on the couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. In the meantime it grew dark... (3a). On returning from the Haymarket, he [Raskolnikov] flung himself on his couch and sat there a whole hour without moving. Meanwhile it grew dark (3b).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > между тем
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86 intervalo
m.interval (gen) & (Music).a intervalos at intervalsen el intervalo de un mes in the space of a month* * *1 (de tiempo) interval2 (de espacio) gap* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [de tiempo] (tb Mús) interval; (=descanso) breaka intervalos — [gen] at intervals; (=de vez en cuando) every now and then
2) (=espacio libre) gapintervalos de nubes — cloudy spells o intervals
mantener el intervalo de seguridad — (Aut) to keep one's distance
* * *a) ( de tiempo) intervalun intervalo de diez minutos entre clase y clase — a ten-minute recess (AmE) o (BrE) break between classes
b) (Mús) intervalc) (Teatr) ( intermedio) intermission (AmE), interval (BrE)d) ( en el espacio) gap* * *= gap, interval, interlude.Ex. New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.Ex. They agreed to publish a new edition at appropriate intervals, for example every few years.Ex. Between each story read there should be a brief interlude.----* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* intervalo de cese de actividad interactiva = interactive timeout interval (ITI).* intervalo de confianza = confidence interval.* intervalo de tiempo = date range.* * *a) ( de tiempo) intervalun intervalo de diez minutos entre clase y clase — a ten-minute recess (AmE) o (BrE) break between classes
b) (Mús) intervalc) (Teatr) ( intermedio) intermission (AmE), interval (BrE)d) ( en el espacio) gap* * *= gap, interval, interlude.Ex: New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.
Ex: They agreed to publish a new edition at appropriate intervals, for example every few years.Ex: Between each story read there should be a brief interlude.* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* intervalo de cese de actividad interactiva = interactive timeout interval (ITI).* intervalo de confianza = confidence interval.* intervalo de tiempo = date range.* * *1 (de tiempo) intervalel sonido se repite a intervalos regulares the sound is repeated at regular intervalshay un intervalo de diez minutos entre clase y clase there's a ten-minute recess ( AmE) o ( BrE) break between classeshabrá intervalos nubosos it will be cloudy at times2 ( Mús) interval4 (en el espacio) gapcolocar los postes con intervalos de un metro set up the posts a meter apart o at one-meter intervals o with a gap of one meter between them* * *
intervalo sustantivo masculino
( entre clases) recess (AmE), break (BrE)b) (Mús) interval
intervalo sustantivo masculino interval: habrá intervalos de nubes y claros, it will be cloudy with sunny spells
' intervalo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cuarta
- cuarto
- interfase
- descanso
English:
gap
- interlude
- interval
- intervening
- snap
- time-lag
- lag
* * *intervalo nm1. [entre lugares] interval;distribuyeron las mesas a intervalos regulares they spaced the tables at regular intervals2. [en el tiempo] interval;a intervalos at intervals;en el intervalo de un mes in the space of a month;intervalos nubosos/soleados cloudy/sunny intervals o spells3. [entre números, valores] range;en este intervalo de temperatura in this temperature range4. Mús interval* * *m1 tbMÚS interval;a intervalos at intervals2 ( espacio) gap* * *intervalo nm: interval* * *intervalo n interval -
87 मध्यम _madhyama
मध्यम a. [मध्ये भवः म]1 Being or standing in the middle, middle, central; पितुः पदं मध्यममुत्पतन्ती V.1.19; मध्यमोपलम् Ki.9.2; so मध्यमलोकपालः, मध्यमपदम्, मध्यमरेखा q. q. v. v.-2 Intermediate, intervening; नाप्नोद्यो$यं मध्यमः प्राणस्तानि ज्ञातुं दध्रिरे Bṛi. Up.1.5.21.-3 Middling condition or quality, mediocre; as in उत्तमाधममध्यम.-4 Middling, moderate; तेन मध्यमशक्तीनि मित्राणि स्थापितान्यतः R.17.58.-5 Middle-sized.-6 Neither youngest nor oldest, the middleborn (as a brother); प्रणमति पितरौ वां मध्यमः पाण्डवो$यम् Ve.5.26; ततो$र्धं मध्यमस्य स्यात् तुरीयं तु यवीयसः Ms.9.112.-7 Impartial, neutral.-8 Mean (in astr.).-9 Belonging to the meridian.-मः 1 The fifth note in music.-2 A particular musical mode.-3 The mid-land country; see मध्यदेश.-4 The second person (in grammar).-5 A neutral sovereign; धर्मोत्तरं मध्यममाश्रयन्ते R.13.7.-6 the middle-most prince; मध्यमस्य प्रचारं च विजिगीषोश्च चेष्टितम् Ms.7.155.-7 the middle character in plays.-8 The governor of a province.-9 An epithet of Bhīma; (cf. मध्वमव्यायोग).-मा 1 The middle finger.-2 A marriageable girl, one arrived at the age of puberty.-3 The pericarp of a lotus.-4 One of the classes of heroines (Nāyikās) in poetic com- positions, a woman in the middle of her youth; cf. S. D. 1.-5 A central blossom.-मम् 1 The middle.-2 The waist; तदैव यन्न दग्धस्त्वं धर्षयंस्तनुमध्यमाम् Rām.6.111.24.-3 The defectiveness.-4 (In astr.) The meridian ecliptic point.-Comp. -अङ्गुलिः the middle finger.-आगमः one of the four Āgamas; Buddh.-आहरणम् (in alg.) elimination of the middle term in an equation.-उत्खातः a particular division of time.-उपलः = मध्यमणिः q. v.; मध्यमोपलनिभे लसदंशौ Ki.9.2.-कक्षा the middle court- yard.-खण्डम् the middle term of an equation.-गतिः (in astr.) the mean motion of a planet.-ग्रामः (in music) the middle scale.-जात a. middle-born.-पदम् the middle member (of a compound). ˚लेपिन् m. a subdivision of the Tatpuruṣa compound in which the middle word is omitted in composition; the usual instance given is शाकपार्थिवः which is dissolved as शाकप्रियः पार्थिवः; here the middle word प्रिय is omitted; so छायातरु, गुडधानाः &c.-पाण्डवः an epithet of Arjuna.-पुरुषः the second person (in grammar).-पूरुषः a mediocre person.-भृतकः a husbandman or cultivator (who works both for himself and his master or landlord).-यानम् the middle way to salvation.-रात्रः midnight.-राष्ट्रकम् a variety of diamonds; Kau. A.2.11.29.-रेखा the central meridian of the earth.-लोकः the middle world, the earth. ˚पालः a king; तां...... अन्वग्ययौ मध्यमलोकपालः R.2.16.-वयस् n. middle age.-वयस्क a. middle-aged.-संग्रहः intrigue of a middling character, such as sending presents of flowers &c. to another's wife; it is thus defined by Vyāsa:-- प्रेषणं गन्धमाल्यानां धूपभूषणवाससाम् । प्रलोभनं चान्नपानैर्मध्यमः संग्रहः स्मृतः ॥-साहसः the second of the three penalties or modes of punishment; see Ms.8. 138. (-सः, -सम्) an outrage or offence of the middle class.-स्थ a. being in the middle. -
88 intervalo
intervalo sustantivo masculino ( entre clases) recess (AmE), break (BrE)b) (Mús) interval
intervalo sustantivo masculino interval: habrá intervalos de nubes y claros, it will be cloudy with sunny spells ' intervalo' also found in these entries: Spanish: cuarta - cuarto - interfase - descanso English: gap - interlude - interval - intervening - snap - time-lag - lag -
89 variable
1) переменная2) (изменяемый) параметр; (изменяемая) величина4) переменный; изменяющийся; непостоянный•- apparent variableto drop a variable — опускать переменную, не включать переменную в рассмотрение
- array variable
- artificial variable
- automatic variable
- auxiliary variable
- binary variable
- Boolean variable
- bound variable
- broadcasted variables
- categorical variable
- centered random variable
- class variable
- cointegrated variables
- compile-time variable
- complex variable
- concomitant variable
- constructed variable
- continuous variable
- control variable
- controllable variable
- controlled variable
- CRC variable
- cyclic redundancy check variable
- decision variable
- dependent variable
- deterministic variable
- dichotomic variable
- discrete variable
- discrete random variable
- dummy variable
- endogenous variable
- environment variable
- environmental variables
- excluded variable
- exogenous variable
- explained variable
- explanatory variable
- fast variable
- file variable
- free variable
- functor variable
- fuzzy variable
- generated variable
- generic variable
- generic type variable
- global variable
- grouping variable
- imaginary variable
- independent variable
- indicator variable
- input variable
- instance variables
- instant variables
- instrumental variable
- integer variable
- interval variable
- intervening variable
- key variable
- label variable
- lagged variable
- latent variable
- leading variable
- limited variable
- linguistic variable
- local variable
- logic variable
- logical variable
- loop variable
- metalinguistic variable
- metasyntactic variable
- moving-frame variable
- nominal variable
- omitted variable
- one-fluid variables
- ordinal variable
- output variable
- P-variable
- predetermined variable
- proxy variable
- qualitative variable
- random variable
- rank variable
- real variable
- redundant variable
- response variable
- rest-frame variable
- scalar variable
- schematic variable
- schematic type variable
- seasonal variable
- slow variable
- standardized variable
- state variable
- static variable
- stationary variable
- stochastic variable
- string variable
- subscripted variable
- summation variable
- system variable
- target variable
- tensor variable
- unbound variable
- uninitialized variable
- unobservable variable
- unrestricted variable
- vector variable
- vector random variable -
90 междинен
interstitial, intermediate; medial, median(за време) intermediate, transitionalбиол, osculantмеждинен случай a borderline caseмеждинни култури catch-cropsмеждинна гара a way station* * *междѝнен,прил., -на, -но, -ни interstitial, intermediate, intervening; medial, median; (за време) intermediate, transitional; биол. osculant; \междиненен надпис кино. inter-title; \междиненен сбор sub-total; \междиненен случай borderline case; \междиненна гара жп way station; \междиненни култури сел.-ст. catch-crops; \междиненно време спорт. control time.* * *median; mesne (юр.); intercurrent; intermediary; intermediate; medial; medium; a borderline case - междинен случай; а way station - междинна гара* * *1. (за време) intermediate, transitional 2. interstitial, intermediate;medial, median 3. МЕЖДИНЕН случай a borderline case 4. биол, osculant 5. междинна гара a way station 6. междинни култури catch-crops -
91 medium
medium ī, n [medius].—In space, the middle, midst, centre, interval, intervening space: in medio aedium sedens, L.: in agmine in medio adesse, S.: medio viae ponere, L.: medio stans hostia ad aram, V.: medio tutissimus ibis, O.: in medium sarcinas coniciunt, L.: Horum unum ad medium Transadigit (hasta), through the middle, V.—Of time: iam diei medium erat, the middle, L.: Nec longum in medio tempus, cum, etc., interval, V.— The midst, public, community: in medio omnibus Palma est posita, qui, etc., open to all, T.: rem totam in medio ponere, publicly: dicendi ratio in medio posita<*> open to all: Transvolat in medio posita, what is obvious, H.: rem in medium proferre, publish: rem in medium vocare coeperunt, before the public. in medio relinquere, leave undecided: cum iacentia (verba) sustulimus e medio, adopt common words: ex medio res arcessit comoedia, common life, H.: removendae de medio litterae, done away with: hominem de medio tolli posse, be put out of the way: e medio excessit, is dead, T.: tollite lumen E medio, Iu.: recede de medio, go away: in medio esse, be present, T.: venient in medium, come forward: consulere in medium, for the general good, V.: in medium quaerebant, to supply the wants of all, V.: laudem in medium conferentes, ascribing to the whole body (of magistrates), L.: In medium discenda dabat, for all to learn, O.—Fig., a mean, middle course: medium ferire, i. e. strike out a middle theory: mediis copulare concordiam, by a compromise, L.: Virtus est medium vitiorum, H.— Plur, a moderate fortune, middling circumstances: intactu invidiā media sunt, L.* * *middle, center; medium, mean; midst, community, public; publicity -
92 spacium
space; area/expanse, room (for); intervening space, gap/interval; length/width; race course, lap, circuit; closed way/walk, turn; track (planet); act of play; interval, time, extent, period, term; duration; distance; area; size; bulk -
93 intervene inter·vene vi
[ˌɪntə'viːn] -
94 posredovanje
• agency; dint; exchange; good offices; instrumentality; intercession; intermediation; interposal; interposition; intervening; intervention; mediation; negotation; negotiation; negotiation for time; placement; pleading -
95 gap
участок прорыва; проход; пролом; брешь; промежуток; интервал; пространство; разрыв, отставаниеICBM post attack (recovery) gap — промежуток времени для восстановления боеспособности МБР после нанесения ракетно-ядерного удара
— dry gap— time gap— wet gap -
96 range
расстояние; дальность (действия, стрельбы, полета) ; радиус ( действия) ; прицел ( установка прицела) ; дистанция; дальнобойность; досягаемость; диапазон; полигон; стрельбище; тир; ав. относ бомбы; определять расстояние ( до цели) ; пристреливать цель по дальности— AT range— check point range— EW range— fuel exhaustion range— lethality range— marching range— range in -
97 interimo
Рус. промежуток времениEng. interim, time intervening -
98 -ne
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.) -
99 n'
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.) -
100 ne
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)
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