-
41 print
print
1. noun1) (a mark made by pressure: a footprint; a fingerprint.) huella, marca2) (printed lettering: I can't read the print in this book.) letra, caracteres3) (a photograph made from a negative: I entered three prints for the photographic competition.) copia4) (a printed reproduction of a painting or drawing.) grabado
2. verb1) (to mark (letters etc) on paper (by using a printing press etc): The invitations will be printed on white paper.) imprimir2) (to publish (a book, article etc) in printed form: His new novel will be printed next month.) publicar, editar3) (to produce (a photographic image) on paper: He develops and prints his own photographs.) imprimir, sacar una copia4) (to mark designs on (cloth etc): When the cloth has been woven, it is dyed and printed.) estampar5) (to write, using capital letters: Please print your name and address.) escribir en mayúsculas•- printer- printing
- printing-press
- print-out
- in / out of print
print1 n1. letrathe print is very small, I need my glasses la letra es muy pequeña, necesito ponerme las gafas2. huella / marcaprint2 vb1. imprimir2. escribir con letra de imprentaplease type or print clearly por favor, escriba a máquina o con letra de imprentatr[prɪnt]1 (lettering) letra■ in small print en letra menuda, en letra pequeña3 (printed fabric) estampado4 (mark - of finger, foot) huella, marca1 (book, page, poster, etc) imprimir; (publish) publicar, editar2 (photo - negative) imprimir; (- copy) sacar una copia de3 (write clearly) escribir con letra de imprenta4 (fabric) estampar5 (make impression) marcar; (mentally) grabar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLout of print agotado,-aprint ['prɪnt] vt: imprimir (libros, etc.)print vi: escribir con letra de moldeprint n1) impression: marca f, huella f, impresión f2) : texto m impresoto be out of print: estar agotado3) lettering: letra f4) engraving: grabado m5) : copia f (en fotografía)6) : estampado m (de tela)n.• estampa s.f.• grabado s.m.• impresión s.f.• letra s.f.• lámina s.f.• marca s.f.• positiva s.f.• tipo s.m.v.• estampar v.• imprimir v.• publicar v.• tirar v.prɪnt
I
1) u ( Print)a) ( lettering) letra fin large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes
the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica
b) ( text)to get into print — publicarse*
to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)
print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f
2) ca) (Art, Print) grabado mb) ( Phot) copia f3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f4) c u ( fabric) estampado m
II
1.
1)a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo
b) \<\<fabric\>\> estamparc) ( publish) publicar*, editard) printed past p impresoprinted matter — ( Post) impresos mpl
2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo
4) ( make impression) (usu pass)
2.
via) ( Print) imprimir*b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de moldec) ( Phot) salir*Phrasal Verbs:[prɪnt]1. N1) (Typ) (=letters) letra f ; (=printed matter) texto m impresoI can't read this print, it's too small — no puedo leer esta letra, es demasiado pequeña
columns of tiny print — columnas fpl de letra pequeña or menuda
it presents the reader with solid masses of print — enfrenta al lector con largos párrafos de texto (impreso) ininterrumpido
•
in bold print — en negrita•
the fine print — la letra pequeña or menuda•
to be in print — (=be published) estar publicado; (=be available) estar a la ventato appear in print — [work] publicarse
the first time the term appeared in print was in 1530 — la primera vez que apareció el término en una publicación fue en 1530
•
to get into print — publicarse•
in large print — con letra grande•
to be out of print — estar agotado•
to rush into print — lanzarse a publicar•
in small print — con letra pequeña or menudaread the small print before you sign — lea la letra pequeña or menuda antes de firmar
2) (=mark, imprint) [of foot, finger, tyre] huella f, marca f ; (=fingerprint) huella f digital, huella f dactilarto take sb's prints — tomar las huellas digitales or dactilares a algn
3) (=fabric) estampado mfloral 2.4) (Art) (=etching, woodcut, lithograph) grabado m ; (=reproduction) reproducción f5) (Phot, Cine) copia f ; contact 3.2. VT1) (=set in print) [+ letters, text] imprimir; [+ money] emitir•
printed by — impreso por•
to print sth on or onto sth — estampar algo en algo2) (=write in block letters) escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de moldeprint it in block capitals — escríbalo con or en mayúsculas
3) (Phot) [+ negative] imprimir; [+ photo] sacar una copia de; [+ copy] sacar4) (fig) grabar3.VI [person] escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de molde; [machine] imprimir; [negative] salir4.CPDprint dress N — vestido m estampado
print journalist N — periodista mf de prensa escrita
print media NPL — medios mpl de comunicación impresos
print reporter N (US) — = print journalist
print shop N — (Typ) imprenta f ; (=art shop) tienda f de grabados
print union N — sindicato m de tipógrafos
print wheel N — rueda f de tipos
print worker N — tipógrafo(-a) m / f
* * *[prɪnt]
I
1) u ( Print)a) ( lettering) letra fin large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes
the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica
b) ( text)to get into print — publicarse*
to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)
print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f
2) ca) (Art, Print) grabado mb) ( Phot) copia f3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f4) c u ( fabric) estampado m
II
1.
1)a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo
b) \<\<fabric\>\> estamparc) ( publish) publicar*, editard) printed past p impresoprinted matter — ( Post) impresos mpl
2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo
4) ( make impression) (usu pass)
2.
via) ( Print) imprimir*b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de moldec) ( Phot) salir*Phrasal Verbs: -
42 copperplate
Isubst. \/ˈkɒpəpleɪt\/1) kobberplate (spesielt for gravering)2) ( også copperplate engraving) kobberstikk3) ( også copperplate writing) utsmykket kalligrafisk skrift (tidligere brukt til gravering)IIadj. \/ˈkɒpəpleɪt\/1) kobberstukket2) ( om håndskrift) rundet, utsmykket3) ( om håndskrift) formell4) ( hverdagslig) plettfri, blankpolertIIIverb \/ˈkɒpəpleɪt\/forkobre -
43 eng.
forkortelse for engine, engineer, engineering, engraved, engraver, engraving -
44 style
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] person dressed in up-to-date style[Swahili Word] malidadi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] person dressed in up-to-date style[Swahili Word] mardadi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] person dressed in up-to-date style[Swahili Word] mmalidadi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] fesheni[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] jenzi[Swahili Plural] majenzi[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] jenga------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] lafudi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] mahati[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] mashono[Part of Speech] noun[English Example] modern dresses[Swahili Example] mashono mapya------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[English Plural] styles[Swahili Word] mtindo[Swahili Plural] mitindo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Derived Word] tinda V?[English Example] His trousers had been cut following the "beach-comber"style.[Swahili Example] Suruali yake ilikuwa imekatwa kuchukua mtindo wa "bichi koma" [Balisidya Masomo 343]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] mvao[Swahili Plural] mivao[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] vaa V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] mviko[Swahili Plural] miviko[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] vaa V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] staili[Swahili Plural] staili[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[English Plural] styles[Swahili Word] urembo[Swahili Plural] marembo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 11/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[English Plural] styles[Swahili Word] kiteku[Swahili Plural] viteku[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] -tekua[English Definition] pointed tool for writing or drawing or engraving------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style[Swahili Word] mitindo ya mavazi[Part of Speech] phrase[Derived Word] mtindo N, vaa V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style (of dress)[English Plural] styles[Swahili Word] kivazi[Swahili Plural] vivazi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -vaa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style (of writing)[English Plural] styles[Swahili Word] mfano[Swahili Plural] mifano[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Derived Word] faa,fana, fanana V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style of clothing[Swahili Word] vao[Swahili Plural] mavao[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] style of dressing[Swahili Word] vao[Swahili Plural] mavao[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Derived Word] vaa V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] use words with style[Swahili Word] -sarifu[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic[English Example] to write with style[Swahili Example] kusarifu mwandiko kwa uzuri------------------------------------------------------------ -
45 ♦ line
♦ line /laɪn/n.1 linea; tratto, segno ( grafico); riga; fila; riga ( di parole); (mus.) rigo: (geom.) a straight line, una linea retta; a diagonal line, una linea diagonale; a horizontal line, una linea orizzontale; a vertical line, una linea verticale; a dotted line, una linea tratteggiata; a wavy line, una linea ondulata; sleek lines, linee pulite; to draw a line, tirare una riga; line of demarcation, linea di demarcazione; a line of trees [of cars], una fila d'alberi [di auto]; (geom.) convergent lines, rette convergenti; The soldiers stepped into line, i soldati si sono messi in riga; to stand in line, fare la fila; communication lines, linee di comunicazione; the first line on page 87, la prima riga a pagina 87; starting line, linea di partenza; to fall back into line, rimettersi in riga ( anche fig.); to fall out of line, rompere le righe; (mil.) to form a line, mettersi in riga2 (trasp.) linea: bus line, linea d'autobus; railway line, linea ferroviaria; DIALOGO → - On the Tube- You need to take a Circle line train, devi prendere un treno della Circle line; (naut.) shipping line, linea (o compagnia) di navigazione3 corda; fune; filo; (naut.) cima, gomena, sagola (= clothes-line); corda per stendere i panni: to hang the clothes on the line, stendere i panni (sulla corda); a plumb line, un filo a piombo5 linea di confine; confine: the lines of one's estate, i confini dei propri possedimenti; ( USA) State line, confine di (uno) Stato7 linea di condotta (o d'azione); metodo: hard (o tough) line, linea dura: to take a hard line, seguire la linea dura; non fare concessioni; He refuses to follow the party line, non vuole seguire la linea del suo partito8 linea ( di parentela); discendenza; stirpe; famiglia; ( per estens.) serie: to descend from a noble line, essere di famiglia nobile; the Stuart line, la stirpe degli Stuart; a line of Democratic presidents, una serie di presidenti democratici9 ( poesia) verso: We have fifty lines to learn by heart, abbiamo cinquanta versi da imparare a memoria12 (mil., = front line) prima linea; fronte: to be in the line, essere in prima linea; to go into the line, andare al fronte14 area di attività (o d'interesse); settore (o ramo) d'affari; occupazione: What is his line ( of business)?, qual è il suo genere d'affari?; His line is leather goods, il suo ramo d'affari sono gli articoli di cuoio; That's completely out of my line, non è per nulla il mio genere d'affari; (fig.) non è cosa di cui io mi interessi (o m'intenda)15 (market.) classe di merci; linea di prodotti; gamma; serie; articoli: a new line of accessories, una nuova gamma (o linea) d'accessori16 [u] (org. az.) linea gerarchica; line; rapporto di gerarchia operativa18 (fam.) informazioni; notizie: I couldn't get a line on him, non sono riuscito ad avere informazioni sul suo conto20 ( sport) linea: goal line, linea di porta; ( anche) linea di fondo; ( rugby) linea di meta; (= sideline, touchline) linea laterale: If the ball goes over the line, it's out of play, se il pallone supera la linea di fondo, è fuori gioco21 (= finishing line; nelle corse) traguardo; arrivo: He was the first to cross the line, tagliò il traguardo per primo; fu il primo all'arrivo; My horse was third over the line, il mio cavallo è arrivato terzo (al traguardo)22 (pl.) (equit.) briglie; redini24 ( slang) balla; storia, storiella; fandonia: I've heard that line before, questa storiella l'ho già sentita25 (pl.) (teatr.) battute, parte ( d'un attore): The young actress had forgotten her lines, la giovane attrice aveva dimenticato la parte; to fluff one's lines, sbagliare la battuta; impaperarsi● (comput.) line break, interruzione di riga □ line cliché, cliché al tratto □ line counter, contarighe ( di macchina da scrivere) □ ( grafica) line cut, incisione al tratto □ line dancing, line dance ( ballo in cui si salta e ci si urta a vicenda) □ line drawing, disegno al tratto; tratteggio □ (elettr.) line driver, driver di linea □ (org. az.) line employee, impiegato d'ordine □ ( arte) line engraving, incisione al tratto □ (org. az.) line extension, ampliamento della gamma dei propri prodotti □ (mil.) line firing, fuoco di fila □ line fishing, pesca con la lenza □ (comput.) line feed, avanzamento di riga; carattere di controllo per l'avanzamento di riga □ (stat.) line graph, grafico lineare □ (polit., fig.) line in the sand, linea di demarcazione: to draw a line in the sand, decidere le condizioni definitive e inappellabili ( di un accordo, ecc.) □ ( tennis) line judge, giudice di linea □ (org. az.) line management, ‘line management’ □ (org. az.) line manager, dirigente che si occupa del prodotto principale dell'azienda; ( anche) superiore diretto □ line of action, linea d'azione; (mecc.) linea dei contatti ( di un ingranaggio) □ (mil.) line of battle, linea (o ordine, schieramento) di battaglia □ (naut., mil.) line-of-battle ship, nave da battaglia (o di linea) □ line of business, genere d'affari, settore d'attività □ ( banca) line of credit, castelletto, plafond □ (mil.) line of defences, linea fortificata □ line of fire, (mil.) linea del fuoco; ( anche) linea di mira ( dal mirino al bersaglio): to be in sb. 's line of fire, essere nel mirino di q. (o sotto tiro) □ (aeron.) line of flight, linea di volo □ ( anche fig.) the line of least resistance, la linea di minor resistenza □ ( chiromanzia) the line of life [of fortune], la linea della vita [della fortuna] □ (mat.) line of symmetry, asse di simmetria □ (comput.) line printer, stampante di linea □ (mil.) line regiment, reggimento di linea □ (mecc.) line shafting, trasmissione ad alberi □ line space, interlinea ( di macchina da scrivere) □ line spacer, leva dell'interlinea □ line spacing, spaziatura tra le righe □ (comput.) line speed, velocità della linea ( connessione Internet, ecc.) □ (elettr.) line trap, filtro della rete □ (rag., fin.) above-the-line, corrente, ordinario: above-the-line expenditure, spese correnti □ to bring sb. into line, mettere in riga q. (fig.) □ to bring (st.) into line with, rendere conforme (o adeguare) ( la propria condotta, le azioni, ecc.) a ( una linea politica, gli accordi presi, ecc.) □ to come (o to fall) into line with sb. [st.], allinearsi sulle posizioni di q. [allinearsi su ( una posizione); prendere la stessa posizione su qc.] □ down the line, ( sport) lungolinea; (fig.) in linea gerarchica, giù giù; in futuro, in seguito; fino in fondo: He slipped a pass down the line to a teammate, ha effettuato un passaggio a un compagno lungo la linea laterale; I'll support him down the line, lo appoggerò fino in fondo □ (fig.) to draw the line, segnare (o porre) un limite □ to drop sb. a line, scrivere due righe a q. □ to go as straight as a line, andare in linea retta; andare sempre diritto □ ( di donna) to go on the line, mettersi a battere; mettersi a fare la vita □ to hold the line, (telef.) restare in linea; (mil.) tenere la posizione; (fig.) restare invariato □ (mecc.: di motore, ecc.) in line, in linea; in fila; allineato: (autom.) four cylinders in line, quattro cilindri in linea □ (fig.) to be in line for st., essere in predicato per qc.; essere sulla buona strada per ottenere qc. □ (fig.) to be in line with, essere in linea (o in armonia, d'accordo) con □ to keep in line, restare allineati; (fig.) restare in linea ( con una direttiva politica, ecc.) □ to keep sb. in line, tenere ( bambini, soldati, ecc.) allineati; (fig.) tenere a freno q. □ (fig.) to lay it on the line, dirlo chiaro e tondo □ (fig.) to lay (o to put) on the line, mettere a repentaglio, rischiare ( la carriera, ecc.) □ ( Internet) on line ► online □ (fig.) on the line, al limite; né di qua né di là □ on the right lines, sulla buona strada (fig.): You haven't guessed yet, but you're on the right lines, non hai indovinato, ma sei sulla buona strada □ (fig.) on the same line, seguendo la stessa linea di condotta; nello stesso modo □ out of line, (mecc., ecc.) fuori asse, disassato; ( di una cosa, una frase, ecc.) fuori luogo, inaccettabile; ( di una persona) che si comporta male, che non sa stare al suo posto (fig.) □ to pay st. on the line, pagare qc. sull'unghia □ (fig.) to read between the lines, leggere fra le righe □ ( slang) to shoot a line, raccontare una balla (o una frottola) □ (fig.) to take up a line of one's own, seguire una linea di condotta personale; fare a modo proprio □ (polit.) to take a tough (o a strong) line with sb., seguire una linea dura con q. □ (mil.) to wheel into line, mettersi in riga □ (telef.) Line engaged ( USA Line busy), la linea è occupata! □ Debating was right in his line, i dibattiti erano proprio il suo cavallo di battaglia □ Rugby is not my line, il rugby non fa per me.(to) line (1) /laɪn/v. t.2 segnare, solcare ( di rughe): His face was lined with pain, il suo viso era segnato (o solcato) dal dolore4 disporsi (in fila) lungo (qc.); fare ala a: The crowds lined the streets of the town, la folla era disposta lungo le strade della città5 (spec. al passivo) solcare di rughe; rendere rugoso.(to) line (2) /laɪn/v. t.● (fig.) to line one's belly, riempirsi la pancia □ (fig.) to line one's pocket (o purse), riempirsi le tasche; arricchirsi (spec. in modo disonesto).(to) line (3) /laɪn/v. t.coprire, montare ( una cagna). -
46 ♦ steel
♦ steel /sti:l/A n.1 [uc] (metall.) acciaio ( anche fig.): high (o hard) steel, acciaio duro; soft (o mild, low) steel, acciaio dolce; bar steel, acciaio in barre; high-grade steels, acciai ad alta resistenza; stainless steel, acciaio inossidabile; a grip of steel, una stretta (o una presa, una morsa) d'acciaio; muscles of steel, muscoli d'acciaio5 (poet.) arma bianca; spada; pugnale; acciaro (poet.)6 [u] (fig.) volontà di ferro; grande tenaciaB a. attr.1 di acciaio; in acciaio: steel casting, getto d'acciaio; steel casing, involucro protettivo in acciaio; rivestimento d'acciaio2 (= iron-and-steel) dell'acciaio; siderurgico: steel industry, industria siderurgica; industria dell'acciaio● (mus.) steel band, gruppo che suona barili d'acciaio □ ( ginnastica) steel bar, barra d'acciaio □ steel blue, blu acciaio □ (metall.) steel bronze, bronzo navale □ steel cap, elmetto d'acciaio □ (econ., ind.) steel centre, centro siderurgico □ steel-clad, rivestito d'acciaio; corazzato □ ( grafica) steel engraving, incisione su acciaio; stampa fatta da un'incisione su acciaio □ steel founder, fonditore di acciaio □ (edil.) steel-frame building, edificio dalla struttura in acciaio □ (fig.) steel-hearted, dal cuore di pietra □ steel manufacturer, siderurgico ( industriale dell'acciaio) □ a steel pen, un pennino d'acciaio □ a steel plate, una lastra di acciaio □ steel-plated, ricoperto d'acciaio, acciaiato; blindato, corazzato □ steel-plate worker, lamierista □ steel tube, tubo d'acciaio □ steel wool, lana d'acciaio; paglietta di ferro □ (ind.) steel workers, (operai) metallurgici.(to) steel /sti:l/v. t.2 (fig.) fortificare; temprare; indurire; rendere spietato; corazzare (fig.)● to steel oneself, diventare insensibile (o spietato); indurirsi; farsi coraggio; farsi animo: to steel oneself for the enemy attack, farsi animo in previsione dell'attacco nemico; prepararsi all'attacco nemico; to steel oneself to do st.; prepararsi (o disporsi) a fare qc. -
47 ♦ wood
♦ wood /wʊd/A n.1 (spesso al pl.) bosco; foresta; selva: a clearing in the wood, una radura nel bosco; The mountains are covered with thick woods, le montagne sono coperte da fitte foreste2 [u] legno; legname; legna: hard [soft] wood, legno duro [dolce]; a house made of wood, una casa di legno; to chop wood, spaccare la legna; Go and fetch some more wood, va' a prendere dell'altra legna!3 (solo al sing.) botte; barile; fusto: beer ( drawn) from the wood, birra spillata dalla botte; whisky aged in the wood, whisky invecchiato in fusto4 (pl.) (mus.) strumenti a fiato in legno; legni10 legno; (fig. raro) stoffa (fig.); sostanza: I don't know what wood he's made of, non so di che stoffa sia fatto (o che tipo d'individuo sia)B a. attr.● (chim.) wood alcohol, alcol di legno; alcol metilico; metanolo □ (bot.) wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa), anemone dei boschi □ wood block, blocchetto di legno ( per pavimenti, ecc.); (tipogr.) matrice di legno; ( arte) blocchetto di legno per xilografia □ ( grafica) wood-block printing, xilografia ( il processo) □ wood-burning, a legna: a wood-burning stove, una stufa a legna □ wood-carver, intagliatore □ wood-carving, intaglio (o scultura) in legno □ wood coal, carbone di legna; ( anche) lignite □ (zool.) wood dove = wood pigeon ► sotto □ wood-engraver, incisore su legno; xilografo □ wood-engraving, incisione su legno; xilografia di testa □ wood filler, stucco; turapori □ (edil.) wood floor (o wood flooring), parquet □ (edil.) wood floor laying, installazione del parquet □ wood flour, farina (o polvere) di legno □ wood-house, legnaia □ (zool.) wood-lark ( Lullula arborea), tottavilla □ (bot.) wood-lily, ( Convallaria majalis) mughetto; ( Pyrola minor) piroletta soldanina □ (mitol.) wood nymph, ninfa dei boschi; driade □ wood paper, carta di pasta di legno □ (zool.) wood pigeon, ( Columba palumbus) colombaccio; ( Columba oenas) colombella □ wood pulp, pasta di legno; cellulosa □ (mecc.) wood screw, vite da legno □ wood seasoning, stagionatura del legno □ (bot.) wood-sorrel ( Oxalis acetosella), acetosella; trifoglio acetoso; alleluia; luiula □ wood spirit = wood alcohol ► sopra □ wood stove, stufa a legna □ (chim.) wood tar, catrame vegetale (o tratto dal legno) □ wood-turner, tornitore di legno □ wood turning, tornitura del legno □ (chim.) wood vinegar, acido pirolegnoso □ wood wool, lana di legno □ (volg. USA) to get wood, avere un'erezione □ (naut.: di barca, ecc.) on the wood, priva di sartiame; a naviglio nudo □ (fig.) to be out of the wood, esser fuori dei guai (o fuori pericolo) □ to take to the woods, darsi alla macchia □ (fig.) to be unable to see the wood for the trees, perdersi nei dettagli; non vedere l'essenziale □ (fam.) Touch wood!, tocca ferro! ( per scaramanzia).(to) wood /wʊd/A v. t. ( raro)B v. i.( raro) fare legna; rifornirsi di legna. -
48 cutter
1) режущий инструмент; резец2) фреза4) резак ( для газовой резки)5) плашка6) ножницы7) кусачки8) насечка•- abrasive waterjet cutter
- acetylene cutter
- air bearing fly cutter
- alternate angle cutter
- alternate angle milling cutter
- alternate blade cutter
- alternate gash cutter
- alternate gash milling cutter
- angular cutter
- angular milling cutter
- annular cutter
- arbor-type cutter
- arbor-type milling cutter
- backed-off cutter
- backed-off milling cutter
- ball-ended cutter
- ball-ended milling cutter
- ball-nose cutter
- ball-nose milling cutter
- ball-nosed cutter
- ball-nosed milling cutter
- bevel gear cutter
- bolt cutter
- boring cutter
- brazed tip cutter
- BS cutter
- cam cutter
- carbide cutter
- carbide-tipped inserted blade cutter
- center-cutting cutter
- center-cutting end milling cutter
- ceramic-bladed cutter
- chamfer cutter
- circular cutter
- circular face-mill cutter
- circular shaper-type cutter
- clamped-on cutter
- close-pitch cutter
- coarse pitch cutter
- coarse tooth cutter
- concave cutter
- concave milling cutter
- coned cutter
- coned milling cutter
- cone-sharpened shaper cutter
- continuous ring-type gear cutter
- contour-milling cutter
- convex cutter
- convex milling cutter
- copy cutter
- copy milling cutter
- corner-rounding cutter
- cotter cutter
- cotter mill cutter
- counterbore cutter
- countersink cutter
- cutoff cutter
- cylindrical cutter
- cylindrical milling cutter
- diamond tool fly cutter
- diamond-point cutter
- die bolt cutter
- die milling cutter
- die-sinking cutter
- die-sinking milling cutter
- disk cutter
- disk-type shaper cutter
- double-angle cutter
- double-angle milling cutter
- double-bolt cutter
- double-corner rounding cutter
- double-corner rounding milling cutter
- double-ended boring bar cutter
- double-ended boring cutter
- double-ended cutter
- dovetail cutter
- dovetailing cutter
- drill-fluting cutter
- end-milling cutter
- engraving cutter
- extended boss shaper cutter
- extended hub shaper cutter
- face cutter
- face-and-side cutter
- face-and-side milling cutter
- face-milling cutter
- facing cutter
- Fellow's cutter
- file cutter
- final cutter
- fine pitch cutter
- fine tooth cutter
- finishing cutter
- finishing shaper cutter
- fishtail cutter
- fishtail milling cutter
- flame cutter
- flat-bottom cutter
- flat-ended cutter
- flat-nosed cutter
- flute-ground cutter
- fluting cutter
- fluting milling cutter
- fly cutter
- form cutter
- form gear cutter
- form tool cutter
- formed concave cutter
- formed convex cutter
- formed milling cutter
- formed tooth cutter
- form-relieved cutter
- gang cutters
- gang milling cutters
- gap-type shaper cutter
- gas cutter
- gear cutter
- gear shaper cutter
- gear-chamfering cutter
- gear-chamfering milling cutter
- gear-milling cutter
- gear-shaping cutter
- gear-shaving cutter
- generating cutter
- grooving cutter
- grooving-milling cutter
- grouped cutters
- half-side cutter
- half-side milling cutter
- heading cutter
- heavy pitch cutter
- heavy-duty cutter
- helical cutter
- helical milling cutter
- helical plain cutter
- helical plain milling cutter
- helical shaper cutter
- helical tooth cutter
- helical tooth milling cutter
- helix cutter
- hemispherical cutter
- herringbone shaper cutter
- herringbone-type cutter
- high-point shaper cutter
- high-speed steel cutter
- high-speed steel milling cutter
- hi-spindle speed cutter
- hobbing cutter
- hub-type shaper cutter
- indexable boring cutter
- indexable carbide cutter
- indexable insert cutter
- indexable insert milling cutter
- insert cutter
- inserted cutter
- inserted tooth cutter
- inserted tooth milling cutter
- inserted-blade cutter
- inserted-blade milling cutter
- inset cutter
- integral-tooth cutter
- interior pipe cutter
- interlocking disk cutter
- interlocking disk milling cutter
- interlocking side cutter
- interlocking side milling cutter
- interlocking side-and-face cutter
- interlocking side-and-face milling cutter
- internal pipe cutter
- internally cutting cutter
- internally cutting milling cutter
- involute gear cutter
- involute side milling cutter
- keyseat cutter
- keyseat milling cutter
- keyseating milling cutter
- keyway cutter
- keyway milling cutter
- knife cutter
- large taper shank shaper cutter
- laser cutter
- lathe cutter
- left-hand cutter
- left-hand milling cutter
- master cutter
- metal saw cutter
- milled teeth cutter
- milling cutter for indexable inserts
- milling cutter
- multibladed mill cutter
- multiface cutter
- multiinsert cutter
- multiple thread cutter
- multiple-type thread milling cutter
- nongenerating cutter
- notch cutter
- oversize shaper cutter
- oxyacetylene cutter
- paper cutter
- parallel shank shaper cutter
- pinion-shaped cutter
- pinion-type cutter
- pipe cutter
- plain milling cutter
- plain side milling cutter
- plasma cutter
- plate cutter
- polycrystalline cutter
- portable pipe cutter
- preshave shaper cutter
- profile cutter
- profile-relieved cutter
- protuberance-type shaper cutter
- quadruple bolt cutter
- rack-shaped cutter
- rack-type cutter
- radius cutter
- radiusing cutter
- rapid change cutter
- reamer-fluting cutter
- reference cutter
- right-hand cutter
- right-hand milling cutter
- ripper cutter
- rod cutter
- roll-end cutter
- rose cutter
- rotary cutter
- rotary face milling cutter
- roughing cutter
- roughing shaper cutter
- routing cutter
- saw cutter
- scrap cutter
- scraping-out cutter
- screwed hub shaper cutter
- screw-slotting cutter
- segmental cutter
- semitopping shaper cutter
- serration shaper cutter
- shank milling cutter
- shank shaper cutter
- shank-type milling cutter
- shank-type shaper cutter
- shaped profile cutter
- shaper cutter with protuberance
- shaper cutter
- shaving cutter
- shear-speed cutter
- shell-end cutter
- shell-end milling cutter
- shell-type cutter
- shell-type milling cutter
- side cutter
- side milling cutter
- side-and-face milling cutter
- single-angle cutter
- single-angle milling cutter
- single-bit boring double cutter
- single-blade cutter
- single-bolt cutter
- single-corner rounding cutter
- single-corner rounding milling cutter
- single-formed cutter
- single-point cutter
- single-point fly cutter
- single-side cutter
- single-thread cutter
- single-thread milling cutter
- sintered-carbide-tipped cutter
- six-fluted cutter
- sizing shave cutter
- slabbing cutter with nicked teeth
- slabbing cutter with spiral nicked teeth
- slabbing cutter
- slab-type cutter
- slab-type milling cutter
- slitting cutter
- slitting gang cutter
- slitting milling cutter
- slotting cutter
- slotting milling cutter
- small taper shank shaper cutter
- solid cutter
- spherical cutter
- spherical head cutter
- spherical-seat cutter
- spiral blades cutter
- spiral fluted cutter
- spiral milling cutter
- spiral tooth cutter
- spline milling cutter
- spot-facing cutter
- sprocket shaper cutter
- sprocket wheel cutter
- square cutter
- square milling cutter
- stagger tooth cutter
- stagger tooth side cutter
- staggered tooth milling cutter
- staggered tooth side milling cutter
- step cutter
- stepped cutter
- stocking cutter
- straddle cutters
- straddle milling cutters
- straight cutter
- straight shank cutter
- straight shank-type shaper cutter
- straight tooth cutter
- straight tooth milling cutter
- stub-milling cutter
- taper flute cutter
- taper shank shaper cutter
- tapered cutter
- tapered end cutter
- tap-fluting cutter
- tap-grooving cutter
- tee slot cutter
- thread cutter
- thread-milling cutter
- three-flute cutter
- toroidal cutter
- tracer-milling cutter
- triple-fluted cutter
- T-slot cutter
- T-slot milling cutter
- tube cutter
- tubing cutter
- twist drill cutter
- ultrasonic cutter
- undersize shaper cutter
- up-to-size cutter
- waterjet cutter
- wire cutter
- woodruff key cutter
- woodruff keyseat cutter
- worm-milling cutterEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > cutter
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49 tool
1) инструмент; орудие, орудие производства2) резец; инструмент, режущий инструмент; черновой резец ( зубострогального станка)3) приспособление; оснастка4) pl инструментарий; средства; совокупность инструментов6) налаживать ( станок)•to adjust the tool axially — регулировать инструмент в осевом направлении, смещать инструмент в осевом направлении
- 3D modeling toolsto tool roughly — начерно обрабатывать, грубо обрабатывать
- abrading tool
- abrasive tool
- AC-assisted machine tool
- activated tool
- adapter tool
- adjusting tool
- AI tools
- AI-based modeling tools
- air tool
- alternate tool
- analysis tool
- angle head tool
- angle portable tool
- angled tool
- angle-drilling tool
- annular broaching tool
- antivibration jumper installing tool
- application tools
- arm tool
- assembly tool
- assigned tool
- auxiliary tool
- backspot-facing tool
- backup tool
- back-working tool
- bad tool
- ball nose end cutting tool
- ball-nosed cutting tool
- band tool
- bending tool
- bent tool
- best tools
- blanking tool
- block tool
- boring tool
- box tool
- brazed tool
- brazed-tip tool
- broach tool
- broaching tool
- broad-nose finishing tool
- broad-nosed finishing tool
- broad-nosed tool
- broad-parting tool
- broad-tool
- BTA tool
- bucking tool
- burnishing tool
- burring tool
- cam-controlled machine tool
- carbide tool
- carbide-faced tool
- carbide-inserted tool
- carbide-tipped tool
- carbon-steel tool
- cartridge-type tool
- caulking tool
- CBN cutting tool
- CBN tool
- cemented carbide tool
- cemented-oxide tool
- center tool
- centering tool
- centering-and-facing tool
- ceramic tool
- chamfering tool
- chasing tool
- chemical vapor deposited tools
- chipped tool
- circular form tool
- circular tool
- clamped-tip tool
- clamping tool
- clipping tool
- CNC tools
- CNC ultra-precision machine tool
- CNC-sharpened tool
- coated tool
- coated-carbide cutting tool
- coining press tool
- collet release tool
- collet tool
- combination internal-external tool
- combination machine tool
- combination tool
- combined tool
- computer-controlled machine tool
- contour form milling tool
- contour milling tool
- contour turning tool
- control tools
- coolant-fed tool
- copy lathe tool
- copying tool
- cordless SPC tool
- core tool
- corrugated tool
- counterboring tool
- counter-rotating tool
- cross-drilling/milling tools
- crossworking tool
- crowning shaving tool
- cubic-boron-nitride cutting tool
- cup tool
- curling press tool
- customized machine tool
- cutoff tool
- cutter tool
- cutting laser tool
- cutting tool with inserted blades
- cutting tool
- cutting-off bit tool
- cutting-off tool
- CVD tools
- dead-end tool
- debugging tools
- deburring tool
- dedicated tool
- deep pocket tool
- design tools
- design verification tools
- development tools
- diagnostics tools
- diamond burnishing tool
- diamond tool
- diamond-coated tool
- diamond-edge tool
- diamond-plated tool
- diamond-turning tool
- digitized tool
- disposable cutting tools
- disposable insert tool
- DNC machine tool
- DNC-supported machine tool
- double-acting deburring tool
- double-diameter tool
- double-index roughing tool
- dressing tool
- drill burnishing tool
- drill tool
- drill/tap tool
- drilling tool
- driven tool
- driving tool
- duplicate tools
- edge tool
- EDM tool
- embossing press tool
- end mill tool
- end tool
- end-cutting tool
- end-working tool
- engraving tool
- erecting tool
- expandable abrading tool
- expanding block boring tool
- expanding block-type boring tool
- external tool
- external turning tool
- face grooving tool
- facing tool
- fastening tool
- feed-out tool
- fillet tool
- filleting tool
- fine boring tool
- finish tool
- finish-cut tool
- finishing tool
- first-selection backup tools
- fixed tool
- flat form tool
- flatted parallel shank tool
- flooded coolant tool
- fluted tool
- fly tool
- follow tools
- form tool
- forming machine tool
- forming tool
- fresh cutting tool
- front endworking tool
- gaged master tool
- ganged tools
- gear cutting tool
- gear tool
- general-purpose machine tool
- generating tool
- gooseneck tool
- grabbing tool
- grinding tool
- gripper tool
- gripping tool
- grooving tool
- hand-guided tool
- hand-held grinding tool
- hand-held tool
- hard pointed tool
- heading tool
- heavy-duty machine tool
- high-positive geometry tool
- high-positive-rake tool
- high-speed machine tool
- high-speed steel tool
- high-speed steel-cutting tool
- high-usage tools
- hold-down tool
- honing tool
- hot-set tool
- ID step tool
- ID tool
- idling tool
- image acquisition tools
- impregnated abrasive tool
- impregnated diamond tool
- inactive tool
- indexable cutting tool
- indexable-insert tool
- indexing machine tool
- infeed slide tool
- injection tool
- in-line powered tool
- insert tool
- inserted blade-type tool
- inserted carbide tool
- inserted tip tool
- insertion tool
- inside corner tool
- inside recessing tool
- inside turning tool
- inspection tool
- installation tool
- integrated tools
- integration tools
- interactive design tools
- internal boring tool
- internal diameter tool
- internally operating tool
- inward flanging press tool
- ironing press tool
- irradiated tool
- knowledge engineering tools
- knurling tool
- lab-quality inspection tool
- lancing press tool
- lapping tool
- large hybrid system building tools
- large narrow system building tools
- laser alignment tools
- laser leveling tool
- laser tool
- lathe tool
- layout tool
- left-hand tool
- leveling tool
- LH tool
- life-expired tool
- linear mounted tool
- locating tool
- logic-synthesis tools
- machine tool
- machining tool
- manually adjustable tool
- marking tool
- master tool
- measuring tool
- metal-cutting tool
- metalforming machine tool
- microsizing tool
- migrating tool
- milling tool
- miniCNC machine tool
- misplaced tool
- mis-set tool
- modeling tools
- modular tool
- mold tool
- molding tool
- monocrystalline diamond tool
- multicavity molding tool
- multifaceted tool
- multifluted tool
- multigrooving tool
- multiimpression injection tool
- multiple blanking tool
- multiple insert tool
- multiple-cavity mold tool
- multiple-impression press tool
- multipoint tool
- multipoint-cutting tool
- multitoothed tool
- narrow system building tools
- NC machine tool
- NC tool
- negative-rake cutting tool
- noncutting machine tool
- nonrotating tool
- notching press tool
- odd-fluted cutting tool
- OD-turning tool
- OD-working tool
- offset tool
- oil hole tool
- old tool
- one-sensor-one tool
- operating tool
- order-related tool
- outward flanging press tool
- pallet tools
- parallel-shank tool
- parallel-shanked tool
- particle-type dressing tool
- parting press tool
- parting tool
- part-off tool
- PCD tool
- percussive tool
- perishable tool
- physicochemical machine tool
- pickup tool
- piercing tool
- placement tool
- planer tool
- planing tool
- platen-mounted tool
- pneumatic tool
- polishing machine tool
- polycrystalline CBN cutting tool
- polycrystalline-diamond-edge tool
- polycrystalline-diamond-tipped tool
- polygon tool
- polygonal tool
- portable air tool
- portable expanding tool
- portable pneumatic tool
- portable power tool
- portable sinking tool
- portable tool
- positive/negative tool
- positive/positive tool
- positive-rake cutting tool
- positive-rake tool
- power tools
- powered rotary tool
- powered tool
- power-positioned tool
- preadjusted tool
- preformed boring tool
- preset qualified tool
- preset tool
- presettable tool
- press tool
- prismatic tool
- probe tool
- process tool
- processing tool
- production machine tool
- profiling tool
- programming tools
- protuberance tool
- punching press tool
- qualified tool
- quick-change tools
- rack-type tool
- radial cutting tool
- radioactive tool
- random tool
- rapid change tool
- rapidly wearing tool
- rear endworking tool
- rebuilt machine tool
- recessing tool
- reciprocating gear cutting tool
- reconditioned tool
- refurbished tool
- replaceable-insert tool
- replacement tool
- retrofitted machine tool
- RH tool
- right-angled powered tool
- right-hand tool
- rivet shaving tool
- roller-burnishing tool
- roll-forming tool
- rolling-in tool
- rotary pneumatic tool
- rotary tool
- rotating tool
- rotating turret tool
- rough boring tool
- rough cut tool
- roughing tool
- rough-turning tool
- round tool
- rounded tool
- round-nose tool
- round-nosed tool
- router tool
- routing tool
- scraping tool
- screw-cutting tool
- screw-rolling tool
- second selection backup tools
- segmented bulging press tool
- self-correcting tool
- shank tool
- shankless cutting tool
- shaped tool
- shaper-cutting tool
- shaping tool
- shared tools
- shaving press tool
- shaving tool
- shear tool
- short chipping tool
- side cutting tool
- side tool
- silicon nitride cutting tools
- silicon nitride tool
- simulation tools
- single-crystal tool
- single-layer tool
- single-pass tool
- single-point threading tool
- single-point tool
- single-purpose machine tool
- single-tip tool
- sister tool
- slitting tool
- slotting tool
- smoothing roller tool
- software development tools
- software tools
- software-based integration tools
- solid bit tool
- solid carbide tool
- solid modeling tools
- solid tool
- SPC tool
- specialized machine tool
- specially outfitted machine tool
- spent tool
- spindle probe tool
- spinning tool
- spline drive tool
- split bulging press tool
- spot-facing tool
- spotting tool
- square cutting tool
- square thread tool
- stamping tool
- static tool
- stationary tool
- step tool
- straight portable tool
- straight shank tool
- straight tool
- straight turning tool
- stripping tool
- stub boring tool
- superabrasive-plated tool
- support tools
- surfacing tool
- swan-neck tool
- sweep tool
- sweeping tool
- tail-end tools
- taper shank tool
- tapered shank tool
- tapping tool
- taught tool
- testing tools
- thermal tool
- thread milling tool
- thread turning tool
- thread-cutting tool
- threaded shank tool
- threading tool
- thread-rolling tool
- throwaway carbide tool
- throwaway insert tool
- throwaway tip tool
- throwaway tool
- tipped tool
- titanium-carbide-coated tool
- to tool up
- touch sensitive tool
- transfer tool
- transparent tool
- trepanning tool
- triangular cutting tool
- trim tool
- truing tool
- tube-expanding tool
- Tunruf tool
- turning tool
- turret tool
- ultrasonic tool
- undercutting tool
- underrun tool
- underused tool
- underutilized tool
- undetected broken tool
- unit-type machine tool
- universal boring and thread milling tool
- unmanned machine tool
- untended CNC machine tool
- versatile machine tool
- vibrating tool
- viscous damped tool
- visualization tools
- V-thread tool
- wear-prone tool
- welding laser tool
- wide-finishing tool
- wire-forming tool
- wireless measuring tool
- wobble broach tool
- wood-cutting tool
- workplace tool
- worm-configured tool
- worn cutting tool
- X-axis tool
- Y-axis tool
- Z-axis toolEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > tool
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50 Bureau
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51 line
1. линия; линовать2. контур; очертание3. штрих; штриховой4. стих5. короткое письмо6. единица измерения крупнокегельных шрифтов7. серия; партияline cologne — одеколон, входящий в парфюмерную серию
8. конвейер, поточная линияоклеивать; окрашивать
single-wire line — однопроводная линия; несимметричная линия
9. англ. строка, набранная шрифтом в 5,5 пунктаline advance — перевод строки; переход на следующую строку
continuation line — строка продолжения; строка-продолжение
10. расчётная строка при оплате объявленийbroken line — короткая строка, заканчивающая параграф или абзац
line overset — излишек букв в строке, переполнение строки
11. метка, наносимая в середине обрезного поля12. средняя линияcontrol line — служебная строка, отражающая состояние набора
13. подпись14. заголовокheading line — заглавная строка; строка заголовка
15. линия разрезки, линия рубки16. линия реза17. метки для разрезкиdash-and-dash line — пунктирная линия, пунктир
dot line — пунктирная линия, пунктир
folio line — линия колонцифры, строка для размещения колонцифры
flare line — линия, отводящая газ для сжигания
18. заголовок продолжения19. строка в конце неоконченного текста с указанием страницы продолжения20. амер. проф. заголовок в одну строку21. контурное изображение, абрисline plan — контурный план; ситуационный план
22. строка в нижней части страницы, содержащая перечень и разъяснение использованных обозначенийloose line — «слабая» строка, строка, с неплотной выключкой
makeup line — линия, по которой выравниваются текст и иллюстрации
pecked line — пунктирная линия, пунктир
perfect binding line — поточная линия для бесшвейного скрепления блоков, линия клеевого скрепления
prick line — пунктирная линия, пунктир
printing line — линия печатного контакта, полоса печатного контакта
register line — приводочная метка, приводочная линия
scan line — линия развёртки; строка
signature line — строка, на которой напечатана сигнатура
space line — линейка, шпон; пробельная строка
status line — служебная строка, отражающая состояние набора
tight line — «тугая» строка, строка с плотной выключкой
widow line — изолированная строка; висячая строка
23. отлитая строка; набранная строка24. линия шрифтаlp/mm line pairs per millimetre — количество пар линий на мм
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52 print
print [prɪnt]1 noun∎ to appear in print (book) être publié ou imprimé;∎ he appeared in print for the first time in 2001 son premier ouvrage/roman a été publié en 2001;∎ to see oneself/one's name in print voir ses écrits imprimés/son nom imprimé;∎ her work will soon be in print son œuvre sera bientôt publiée;∎ to be in/out of print (book) être disponible/épuisé;∎ his unguarded comments got into print ses propos irréfléchis ont été publiés ou imprimés;∎ he refused to believe the story until he saw it in print il a refusé de croire à l'histoire tant qu'il ne l'a pas vue publiée;∎ the newspapers had already gone to print before the news broke les journaux étaient déjà sous presse lorsque la nouvelle est tombée∎ in large print en gros caractères;∎ in bold print en caractères gras;∎ I had to read through twenty pages of print j'ai dû lire vingt pages imprimées;∎ the print was so small I could barely read it il était imprimé en caractères si petits que j'avais du mal à le lire;∎ always read the small print (of contract, guarantee etc) il faut toujours lire ce qu'il y a d'écrit en petits caractères(c) Photography épreuve f, tirage m;∎ to make a print from a negative tirer une épreuve d'un négatif∎ a floral print un imprimé à fleurs∎ thumb print empreinte f du pouce;∎ the thief left his prints all over the door handle le voleur a laissé ses empreintes partout sur la poignée de la porte(dress) en tissu imprimé∎ the novel is being printed le roman est sous presse ou en cours d'impression;∎ 1,000 copies of the book have already been printed on a déjà tiré le livre à 1000 exemplaires;∎ the papers refused to print the story les journaux ont refusé de publier cette histoire;∎ printed in France imprimé en France∎ to print sth to disk imprimer qch sur disque∎ print your name clearly écrivez votre nom lisiblement(d) Photography tirer∎ the mark of a man's foot was printed in the wet sand la trace d'un pied d'homme était imprimée dans le sable humide;∎ the incident remained printed in their memory l'incident est resté gravé dans leur mémoire∎ the book is now printing le livre est à l'impression ou est actuellement sous presse;∎ the drawing should print well le dessin devrait bien ressortir à l'impression(b) (in handwriting) écrire en caractères d'imprimerie∎ to print well sortir bien au tirage►► Marketing print ad, print advertisement publicité f presse;Marketing print advertising publicité f presse;Computing print buffer mémoire f tampon d'imprimante;Computing print cartridge cartouche f;Computing print drum tambour m d'impression;Computing print file fichier m d'impression;Computing print format format m d'impression;Computing print head tête f d'impression;Computing print list liste f de fichiers à imprimer;print media la presse écrite et l'édition;Computing print menu menu m d'impression;Computing print option option f d'impression;Computing print preview prévisualisation f, aperçu m avant impression;Computing print quality qualité f d'impression;Computing print queue liste f de fichiers à imprimer;Computing print queuing mise f en attente à l'impression;Typography print room cabinet m d'estampes;print run tirage m;∎ a print run of 5,000 un tirage à 5000 exemplaires;Computing print screen copie f d'écran;Computing print screen key touche f d'impression d'écran;∎ to do a print screen imprimer un écran;print shop imprimerie f;Computing print speed vitesse f d'impression;print union syndicat m des typographes(c) Photography tirerComputing imprimerTypography imprimer -
53 scorper
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54 Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1765 Franced. 5 July 1833 Chalon, France[br]French inventor who was the first to produce permanent photographic images with the aid of a camera.[br]Coming from a prosperous family, Niepce was educated in a Catholic seminary and destined for the priesthood. The French Revolution intervened and Niepce became an officer in an infantry regiment. An attack of typhoid fever in Italy ended his military career, and he returned to France and was married. Returning to his paternal home in Chalon in 1801, he joined with his brother Claude to construct an ingenious engine called the pyréolophore, which they patented in 1807. The French Government also encouraged the brothers in their attempts to produce large quantities of indigo-blue dye from wood, a venture that was ultimately unsuccessful.Nicéphore began to experiment with lithography, which led him to take an interest in the properties of light-sensitive materials. He pursued this interest after Claude moved to Paris in 1816 and is reported to have made negative images in a camera obscura using paper soaked in silver chloride. Niepce went on to experiment with bitumen of judea, a substance that hardened on exposure to light. In 1822, using bitumen of judea on glass, he produced a heliograph from an engraving. The first images from nature may have been made as early as 1824, but the world's earliest surviving photographic image was made in 1826. A view of the courtyard of Niepce's home in Chalon was captured on a pewter plate coated with bitumen of judea; an exposure of several hours was required, the softer parts of the bitumen being dissolved away by a solvent to reveal the image.In 1827 he took examples of his work to London where he met Francis Bauer, Secretary of the Royal Society. Nothing came of this meeting, but on returning to France Niepce continued his work and in 1829 entered into a formal partnership with L.J.M. Daguerre with a view to developing their mutual interest in capturing images formed by the camera obscura. However, the partnership made only limited progress and was terminated by Niepce's death in 1833. It was another six years before the announcement of the first practicable photographic processes was made.[br]Bibliography1973. Joseph Nicéphore Niepce lettres 1816–7, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.1974, Joseph Nicéphore Niepce correspondences 1825–1829, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).JWBiographical history of technology > Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
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