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101 radar astronomer
Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > radar astronomer
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102 radio\ astronomer
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103 radar astronomer
English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > radar astronomer
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104 optical astronomer
ஒளியியல் வானியல் நிபுணர் -
105 astronomy
Astronomie, die* * *[ə'stronəmi](the study of the stars and their movements: He is studying astronomy.) die Astronomie- academic.ru/4130/astronomer">astronomer- astronomical
- astronomic* * *as·trono·my[əˈstrɒnəmi, AM əˈstrɑ:nə-]* * *[əs'trɒnəmɪ]nAstronomie f* * *astron. abk1. astronomer2. astronomical3. astronomy* * *noun, no pl.Astronomie, die* * *n.Astronomie f.Sternkunde f. -
106 astrónomo
astrónomo
◊ -ma sustantivo masculino, femeninoastronomer
astrónomo,-a sustantivo masculino y femenino astronomer ' astrónomo' also found in these entries: Spanish: astrónoma - fama English: astronomer -
107 астроном
муж. astronomerм. astronomer;
~ический astronomical (тж. перен.) ;
~ические цифры vast sums, astronomical figures;
~ия ж. astronomy.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > астроном
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108 astronomy
[ə'stronəmi](the study of the stars and their movements: He is studying astronomy.) astronomi- astronomical
- astronomic* * *[ə'stronəmi](the study of the stars and their movements: He is studying astronomy.) astronomi- astronomical
- astronomic -
109 astronomy
[ə'strɒnəmɪ]nome astronomia f.* * *[ə'stronəmi](the study of the stars and their movements: He is studying astronomy.) astronomia- astronomical
- astronomic* * *astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmɪ/n. [u]astronomern.astronomo.* * *[ə'strɒnəmɪ]nome astronomia f. -
110 stargazer
['stɑːgeɪzə(r)]* * *stargazer /ˈstɑ:geɪzə(r)/n.1 (scherz.) astronomo; astrologo2 (fig.) chi sogna a occhi aperti; chi ha la testa fra le nuvole; sognatore; idealista(to) stargazev. i.2 (fig. fam.) sognare a occhi aperti; fantasticarestargazingn. [u]1 (scherz.) astronomia; astrologia2 (fig.) il sognare a occhi aperti; fantasticherie (pl.).* * *['stɑːgeɪzə(r)] -
111 stargazer
stargazer [ˈstα:geɪzər]* * * -
112 Guo Shoujing (Kuo Shou-Ching)
[br]b. 1231 Chinad. 1316 China[br]Chinese mathematician, astronomer and civil engineer.[br]First, from 1262, he was engaged in hydraulic-engineering works for Kublai Khan. He began astronomical and calendrical investigations in 1276, and became the greatest astronomer of the Yuan dynasty. He perfected interpolation formulae (a method of finite differences) and was the founder of the study of spherical trigonometry in China; this was applied to the circles of the heavenly sphere. He planned the Ji Zhou, the summit section of the Grand Canal through the Shandong foothills, in 1283. Although the canal had to await further improvement before it could become fully effective, it was nevertheless the world's first successful entirely artificial summit canal.Guo Shoujing was responsible for the construction of the Tong Hui He (Channel of Communicating Grace) canal with twenty lock gates in 1293, in addition to the overhaul of the entire Grand Canal. He constructed a number of devices, including 40 ft (12 m) gnomons in 1276, with which he made some of the most accurate measurements of the sun's solstitial shadows, the results of which were collected in a book that is now lost. Between 1276 and 1279 he also constructed at least one water-driven mechanical escapement clock with sophisticated jack work, and the Beijing observatory and its equipment.[br]Further ReadingJ.Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959–1971, vols III, pp. 48–50, 109–10, 294, 296, 299, 349, 350; IV. 2, pp. 504–5; IV.3, pp. 312ff., 319, 355; Heavenly Clockwork, 1960, pp. 134, 136ff., 159, 160, 163;Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West, 1970, pp. 2, 5, 9–10, 16, 96, 398.LRDBiographical history of technology > Guo Shoujing (Kuo Shou-Ching)
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113 Herschel, John Frederick William
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 7 March 1792 Slough, Englandd. 11 May 1871 Collingwood, England[br]English scientist who introduced "hypo" (thiosulphate) as a photographic fixative and discovered the blueprint process.[br]The only son of Sir William Herschel, the famous astronomer, John graduated from Cambridge in 1813 and went on to become a distinguished astronomer, mathematician and chemist. He left England in November 1833 to set up an observatory near Cape Town, South Africa, where he embarked on a study of the heavens in the southern hemisphere. He returned to England in the spring of 1838, and between 1850 and 1855 Herschel served as Master of the Royal Mint. He made several notable contributions to photography, perhaps the most important being his discovery in 1819 that hyposulphites (thiosulphates) would dissolve silver salts. He brought this property to the attention of W.H.F. Talbot, who in 1839 was using a common salt solution as a fixing agent for his early photographs. After trials, Talbot adopted "hypo", which was a far more effective fixative. It was soon adopted by other photographers and eventually became the standard photographic fixative, as it still is in the 1990s. After hearing of the first photographic process in January 1839, Herschel devised his own process within a week. In September 1839 he made the first photograph on glass. He is credited with introducing the words "positive", "negative" and "snapshot" to photography, and in 1842 he invented the cyanotype or "blueprint" process. This process was later to be widely adopted by engineers and architects for the reproduction of plans and technical drawings, a practice abandoned only in the late twentieth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order 1831. Baronet 1838. FRS 1813. Copley Medal 1821.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1968, Vol. IX, pp. 714–19.H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London; Larry J.Schaaf, 1992, Out of the Shadows: Herschel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography, Newhaven and London (for details of his contributions to photography and his relationship with Talbot).JWBiographical history of technology > Herschel, John Frederick William
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114 Su Song (Su Sung)
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 1020 Chinad. 1101 China[br]Chinese astronomer and maker of a mechanical clock.[br]Su Song had a model armillary sphere in his home, which enabled him to study and understand the instrument, but he could not receive an imperial command to make a full-size one before holding an official position. This he attained, and he moved in high official circles in Imperial China; his official appointments included Ambassador, Minister of State and Deputy Imperial Tutor. At the same time he was an outstanding astronomer and calendrical scientist. With the assistance of Han Gonglian, he constructed a water-driven mechanical escapement clock and clocktower in 1088, which he described in detail in his Xin Yi Xian Fa Yao, completed in 1094; this book was noteworthy for illustrations of the armillary sphere and its component parts. The tower included an armillary sphere and celestial globe with clock drive. By applying clockwork to the observational side of the sphere, Su Song anticipated the clockwork drive of the telescope introduced by Robert Hooke six centuries later.Su Song was also the pharmaceutical naturalist of the Tu Jing Ben Cao of 1061.[br]Bibliography1094, Xin Yi Xian Fa Yao.Further ReadingJ.Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959–86, Vols III, pp. 208, 361–6; VI. 1, 140, 174, 227, 252, 281, 335, 475, 477;Heavenly Clockwork, 1960, pp. 2–60, 64, 68, 70, 93–4, 115–18, 123–4, 133, 160, 162;Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West, 1970, pp. 9, 6–7, 11–12, 91, 130–1, 192, 210ff., 221–3, 235, 280, 406.LRD -
115 Zhang Sixun (Chang Ssu-Hsun)
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. fl. late 10th century[br]Chinese astronomer and clockmaker who built the earliest recorded astronomical clock tower with a hydromechanical escapement.[br]Most clepsydra clocks, such as that of al-Jarazi, measured time continuously by the constant flow of a liquid and most mechanical clocks measure time discontinuously by means of an escapement. The clepsydra clock devised by Zhang Sixun in 976 and completed in 979 was unusual as it incorporated an escapement. It consisted of a large wheel with buckets around its periphery. A constant stream of water was directed into one of the buckets until it reached a predetermined weight, this released the wheel, allowing it to rotate to a new position where the process was repeated (this mechanism may have been introduced by the Chinese astronomer and mathematician Zhang Heng in the second century). The water was later replaced by mercury to prevent freezing in winter. With suitable gearing the movement of the wheel was used to drive a celestial globe, a carousel for written time announcements and jacks for audible time signals. This clock has not survived and is known only from the work Hsin I Hsiang Fa Yao (New Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe System Essentials), which was printed in 1172 and is ascribed to Su Song. This work also describes two similar but later astronomical clock towers with water-wheel escape-ments. Several models of the water-wheel escapement have been constructed from the description in this work.[br]Further ReadingJ.Needham (ed.), 1965, Science and Civilisation in China Vol. IV.2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 38, 111, 165, 463, 469–71, 490, 524, 527–8, 533, 540.J.H.Combridge, 1975, "The astronomical clocktowers of Chang Ssu-Hsun and his successors, A.D. 976 to 1126", Antiquarian Horology 9: 288–301.J.Needham, Wang Ling and J.de Solla Price, 1986, Heavenly Clockwork. The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China (2nd edn with supplement by J.H.Combridge), London (for a broader view of Chinese horology).J.H.Combridge, 1979, "Clockmaking in China", in The Country Life International Dictionary of Clocks, ed. Alan Smith, London.DVBiographical history of technology > Zhang Sixun (Chang Ssu-Hsun)
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116 радиоастроном
муж. radio-astronomerБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > радиоастроном
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117 evolution
ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən сущ.
1) эволюция, развитие( from;
into, to) gradual evolution ≈ постепенная эволюция historical evolution ≈ историческое развитие human evolution ≈ эволюция человека social evolution ≈ развитие общества the evolution of plants and animals ≈ эволюция растений и животных the theory of evolution by natural selection ≈ эволюционная теория естественного отбора Evolution is advance from the simple to the complex. ≈ Эволюция - это развитие от простого к сложному.
2) развитие, рост a crucial period in the evolution of modern physics ≈ критический период в развитии современной физики an accurate account of his country's evolution ≈ аккуратное описание изменений, происходящих в его стране Psychology deals with the evolution of the faculties. ≈ Психология имеет дело с развитием способностей. His long life comprised a series of evolutions. ≈ Его долгая жизнь содержит ряд крутых поворотов. Syn: growth
3) развитие, разработка( идеи, замысла, плана и т. п.) I had arrived at this conclusion by necessary evolution from the First Principle of my Philosophy. ≈ Я пришел к этому заключению на основе неизбежного углубления Первого принципа моей философии.
4) выделение, выпускание( тепла, газа, света, звука и т. п.) Syn: emission
5) мат. извлечение корня
6) воен.;
мор. перестроение, маневр, передвижение The surrounding country was level and suitable to the evolutions of cavalry. ≈ Окружающая местность была плоской и подходила для передвижения кавалерии.
7) образование небесных тел The idea of the evolution of planets is due to the great astronomer Laplace. ≈ Идея образования планет обязана своим существованием великому астроному Лапласу. развитие;
процесс изменения, роста - the * of the child развитие ребенка эволюция, постепенное развитие - Theory of E. теория эволюции, дарвинизм - the * of one species out of another развитие одного вида из другого;
превращение одного вида в другой развитие, развертывание( мысли, сюжета, аргументации и т. п.) - the * of the ages ход истории pl изгибы, завитки;
фигуры (в танцах и т. п.) - the *s of an arabesque pattern причудливые изгибы, арабески( военное) (морское) перестроение;
маневр, передвижение (математика) извлечение корня (специальное) выделение (газа, тепла) ;
образование (дыма) evolution выделение (газа, теплоты и т. n.) ~ мат. извлечение корня ~ образование небесных тел путем концентрации космического вещества ~ (обыкн. pl) воен., мор. перестроение;
маневр;
передвижение ~ развитие ~ развертывание;
развитие ~ эволюция;
Theory of Evolution эволюционная теория ~ эволюция;
Theory of Evolution эволюционная теорияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > evolution
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118 star-gazer
ˈstɑ:ˌɡeɪzə сущ.;
шутл.
1) астролог;
звездочет;
астроном Syn: astrologer, astronomer
2) идеалист, мечтатель Syn: idealist, dreamer n шутл.
1) звездочёт;
2) мечтатель star-gazer шутл. астролог;
звездочет;
астроном ~ шутл. идеалист, мечтательБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > star-gazer
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119 BHA
1) Спорт: British Hapkido Association2) Химия: Beta Hydroxy Acid, Butylated Hydroxyanisole (бутилированнsq гидроксианизол), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (бутилированный гидроксианизол)3) Ветеринария: British Hamster Association4) Грубое выражение: Butt Head Astronomer5) Сокращение: British Homeopathic Association6) Нефть: bottomhole assembly, компоновка низа бурильной колонны (bottomhole assembly), нижняя часть бурильной колонны7) Иммунология: Beta Hydroxy Acids8) Биохимия: Butylated Hydroxy Anisole9) Парфюмерия: бутилоксианизол10) Бурение: bottomhole directional assembly, directional assembly, КНБК (bottom-hole assembly), забойная компоновка для наклонно-направленного бурения, компоновка для наклонно-направленного бурения, оборудование низа обсадной колонны (bottom-hole assembly)11) Нефтегазовая техника забойная компоновка бурильной колонны (bottom-hole assembly)12) Автоматика: base helix angle13) Сахалин Р: bottom hole assembly, bottom-hole assembly14) Сахалин А: bottom hole drilling assembly15) Химическое оружие: Brine handling area16) Нефть и газ: забойное оборудование17) Гостиничное дело: Британская гостиничная ассоциация -
120 astronomy
ə'stronəmi(the study of the stars and their movements: He is studying astronomy.) astronomía- astronomical
- astronomic
astronomy n astronomíatr[əs'trɒnəmɪ]1 astronomían.• astronomía s.f.ə'strɑːnəmi, ə'strɒnəmimass noun astronomía f[ǝs'trɒnǝmɪ]N astronomía f* * *[ə'strɑːnəmi, ə'strɒnəmi]mass noun astronomía f
См. также в других словарях:
Astronomer — As*tron o*mer, n. [See {Astronomy}.] 1. An astrologer. [Obs.] Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
astronomer — late 14c., from ASTRONOMY (Cf. astronomy) (q.v.), replacing French import astronomyen (c.1300), which, had it survived, probably would have yielded *astronomian. Still in Shakespeare used in places where we would write astrologer … Etymology dictionary
astronomer — [ə strän′ə mər] n. an expert in astronomy … English World dictionary
Astronomer — Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws. Today, that distinction has… … Wikipedia
astronomer — UK [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] / US [əˈstrɑnəmər] noun [countable] Word forms astronomer : singular astronomer plural astronomers someone who studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes … English dictionary
astronomer — noun /əstɹɒnəʊmə/ One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics See Also: Astronomer Royal … Wiktionary
astronomer — [[t]əstrɒ̱nəmə(r)[/t]] astronomers N COUNT An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space … English dictionary
astronomer — astronomy ► NOUN ▪ the science of celestial objects, space, and the physical universe. DERIVATIVES astronomer noun … English terms dictionary
Astronomer Royal — is a senior post in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675, and the second the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834.King Charles … Wikipedia
Astronomer royal — (Astronome royal, en français) était à l origine le titre du directeur de l Observatoire royal de Greenwich, mais depuis 1972 ce n est plus qu un titre honorifique. Le roi Charles II fonde l Observatoire royal de Greenwich en 1675 et nomme le… … Wikipédia en Français
Astronomer Royal for Scotland — was originally the title of the director of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, but since 1995 it has simply been an honorary title. It is not to be confused with the Astronomer Royal, or Royal Astronomer of Ireland.The complete list of Astronomers … Wikipedia