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81 more
❢ When used to modify an adjective or an adverb to form the comparative more is very often translated by plus: more expensive = plus cher/chère ; more beautiful = plus beau/belle ; more easily = plus facilement ; more regularly = plus régulièrement. For examples and further uses see A 1 below.When used as a quantifier to indicate a greater amount or quantity of something more is very often translated by plus de: more money/cars/people = plus d'argent/de voitures/de gens. For examples and further uses see B 1 below.A adv1 ( comparative) it's more serious than we thought/you think c'est plus grave que nous ne pensions/vous ne pensez ; the more intelligent (child) of the two (l'enfant) le plus intelligent des deux ; he's no more honest than his sister il n'est pas plus honnête que sa sœur ; the more developed countries les pays plus développés ;2 ( to a greater extent) plus, davantage ; you must work/sleep/rest more il faut que tu travailles/dormes/te reposes davantage ; he sleeps/talks more than I do il dort/parle plus que moi ; you can't paint any more than I can, you can no more paint than I can tu ne sais pas plus peindre que moi ; the more you think of it, the harder it will seem plus tu y penseras, plus ça te paraîtra dur ; he is (all) the more determined/angry because il est d'autant plus déterminé/en colère que ;3 ( longer) I don't work there any more je n'y travaille plus ; I couldn't continue any more je ne pouvais pas continuer plus longtemps ; she is no more littér elle n'est plus ;4 ( again) once/twice more une fois/deux fois de plus, encore une fois/deux fois ; he's back once more il est de nouveau de retour ;5 ( rather) more surprised than angry plus étonné que fâché ; he's more a mechanic than an engineer il est plus mécanicien qu'ingénieur ; it's more a question of organization than of money c'est plus une question d'organisation que d'argent.B quantif more cars than people plus de voitures que de gens ; more eggs than milk plus d'œufs que de lait ; more cars than expected/before plus de voitures que prévu/qu'avant ; some more books encore quelques livres ; a little/lot more wine un peu/beaucoup plus de vin ; more bread encore un peu de pain ; there's no more bread il n'y a plus de pain ; have some more beer! reprenez de la bière ; have you any more questions/problems? avez-vous d'autres questions/problèmes? ; we've no more time nous n'avons plus le temps ; nothing more rien de plus ; something more autre chose, quelque chose d'autre.C pron1 ( larger amount or number) plus ; it costs more than the other one il/elle coûte plus cher que l'autre ; he eats more than you il mange plus que toi ; the children take up more of my time les enfants prennent une plus grande partie de mon temps ; many were disappointed, more were angry beaucoup de gens ont été déçus, un plus grand nombre étaient fâchés ; we'd like to see more of you nous voudrions te voir plus souvent ;2 ( additional amount) davantage ; ( additional number) plus ; tell me more (about it) dis-m'en davantage ; I need more of them il m'en faut plus ; I need more of it il m'en faut davantage ; we found several/a few more (of them) in the house nous en avons trouvé plusieurs/quelques autres dans la maison ; I can't tell you any more je ne peux pas t'en dire plus ; have you heard any more from your sister? as-tu d'autres nouvelles de ta sœur? ; I have nothing more to say je n'ai rien à ajouter ; in Mexico, of which more later… au Mexique, dont nous reparlerons plus tard… ; let's ou we'll say no more about it n'en parlons plus.D more and more det phr, adv phr de plus en plus ; more and more work/time de plus en plus de travail/de temps ; to work/sleep more and more travailler/dormir de plus en plus ; more and more regularly de plus en plus régulièrement.F more so adv phr encore plus ; in York, and even more so in Oxford à York et encore plus à Oxford ; it is very interesting, made (even) more so because c'est très intéressant, d'autant plus que ; he is just as active as her, if not more so ou or even more so il est aussi actif qu'elle, si ce n'est plus ; (all) the more so because… d'autant plus que… ; they are all disappointed, none more so than Mr Lowe ils sont tous déçus, en particulier M. Lowe ; no more so than usual/the others pas plus que d'habitude/les autres.1 ( greater amount or number) plus de ; more than 20 people/£50 plus de 20 personnes/50 livres sterling ; more than half plus de la moitié ; more than enough plus qu'assez ;2 ( extremely) more than generous/happy plus que généreux/ravi ; the cheque more than covered the cost le chèque a amplement couvert les frais ; you more than fulfilled your obligations tu as fait plus que remplir tes obligations.she's nothing more (nor less) than a thief, she's a thief, neither more nor less c'est une voleuse, ni plus ni moins ; he's nothing ou no ou not much more than a servant ce n'est qu'un serviteur ; and what is more… et qui plus est… ; there's more where that came from ce n'est qu'un début. -
82 davantage
davantage [davɑ̃taʒ]adverba. ( = plus) [gagner, acheter] more• bien/encore/même davantage much/still/even moreb. ( = plus longtemps) longerc. ( = de plus en plus) more and mored. (locutions)• veux-tu davantage de viande ? would you like some more meat?► davantage que ( = plus) more than ; ( = plus longtemps) longer than* * *davɑ̃taʒ
1.
1) ( plus) moreil ne travaille pas davantage — ( en effort) he isn't working any harder; ( en quantité) he doesn't do any more work
après trois mois de cours je n'en sais pas davantage — after three months of classes I don't know any more than I did before
rien ne me plaît davantage que — controv I like nothing better than
2) ( plus longtemps) longerle projet prendra cinq ans et peut-être davantage — the project will take five years and perhaps (even) more
2.
* * *davɑ̃taʒ adv(= plus) moreIl devrait travailler davantage. — He ought to work more., (= plus longtemps) longer
Il faudrait davantage de stages de formation. — There should be more training courses.
* * *A adv1 ( plus) more; il est rusé mais elle l'est davantage he's crafty but she's (even) more so; il ne travaille pas davantage ( en effort) he isn't working any harder; ( en quantité) he doesn't do any more work; je n'en sais pas davantage! I don't know any more than that!, more than that I do not know!; après trois mois de cours je n'en sais pas davantage after three months of classes I don't know any more than I did before ou I'm none the wiser; je lui ai répété deux fois la question, mais je crois qu'il n'a pas davantage compris I repeated the question twice but I don't think he understood any better; je ne peux pas la supporter et ses enfants pas davantage I can't stand her or her children either; sinon davantage if not more; davantage que more than; rien ne me plaît davantage que controv I like nothing better than; maintenant je l'apprécie bien davantage now I like him/her much more; choisissez l'ouvrage qui vous plaît davantage choose the book you like better;2 ( plus longtemps) longer; le projet prendra cinq ans et peut-être davantage the project will take five years and perhaps (even) more ou longer; si vous vous exposez davantage aux radiations if you are further exposed to radiation.B dét indéf davantage de more; en voulez-vous davantage? would you like some more?; prenez davantage de viande have some more meat; créer davantage d'emplois to create more jobs; offrir davantage de possibilités to offer more possibilities; le système a davantage de succès à la campagne the system is more successful in the country.[davɑ̃taʒ] adverbe1. [plus] more2. [de plus en plus]3. [plus longtemps] -
83 just
Ⅰ.just1 [dʒʌst]juste ⇒ 1 (a)-(f) seulement ⇒ 1 (c) exactement ⇒ 1 (d) à peine ⇒ 1 (e) absolument ⇒ 1 (i) presque ⇒ 2 (a)1 adverb(a) (indicating immediate past) juste;∎ just the other day pas plus tard que l'autre jour;∎ just last week pas plus tard que la semaine dernière;∎ she has just gone out elle vient juste de sortir;∎ they had (only) just arrived ils venaient (tout) juste d'arriver;∎ I've (only) just seen him going downstairs je viens de le voir à l'instant qui descendait;∎ I've just been speaking to him on the phone je viens juste de lui parler au téléphone, je lui parlais au téléphone à l'instant;∎ she's just this moment or minute left the office elle vient de sortir du bureau à l'instant;∎ he's just been to Mexico il revient ou rentre du Mexique;∎ I saw him just yesterday, I just saw him yesterday je l'ai vu pas plus tard qu'hier;∎ he has just left school il sort du lycée;∎ I was just going to phone you j'allais juste ou justement te téléphoner, j'étais sur le point de te téléphoner;∎ my hair is just turning grey or is just beginning to turn grey mes cheveux commencent juste à grisonner;∎ familiar I'm just off je m'en vais□ ;∎ familiar just coming! j'arrive tout de suite!□ ;∎ to be just about to do sth être sur le point de faire qch;∎ I was just about to tell you j'allais justement te le dire;∎ I'm just making tea, do you want some? je suis en train de faire du thé, tu en veux?(c) (only, merely) juste, seulement;∎ just a few quelques-uns/quelques-unes seulement;∎ just a little juste un peu;∎ just a minute or a moment or a second, please une (petite) minute ou un (petit) instant, s'il vous plaît;∎ just a minute, aren't you supposed to be somewhere else? une seconde, tu n'es pas censé être ailleurs?;∎ tell him just to wait dites-lui qu'il n'a qu'à attendre;∎ familiar I'll just pop in je ne ferai qu'entrer et sortir;∎ just ask if you need money vous n'avez qu'à demander si vous avez besoin d'argent;∎ do you want some whisky? - just a drop est-ce que tu veux du whisky? - juste une goutte;∎ it costs just $10 ça ne coûte que 10 dollars, ça coûte 10 dollars seulement;∎ we have just a few copies left il nous (en) reste quelques exemplaires seulement ou juste quelques exemplaires;∎ it was just a dream ce n'était qu'un rêve;∎ he's just a clerk ce n'est qu'un simple employé;∎ she's just a baby ce n'est qu'un bébé;∎ we're just friends nous sommes amis, c'est tout;∎ I have come just to see you je viens seulement ou juste ou uniquement pour vous voir;∎ he was just trying to help il voulait juste ou simplement rendre service;∎ if he could just work a little harder! si seulement il pouvait travailler un peu plus!;∎ if the job is so unpleasant you should just leave si le travail est désagréable à ce point, tu n'as qu'à démissionner;∎ don't argue, just do it! ne discute pas, fais-le, c'est tout!;∎ if you can just sign here please juste une petite signature ici, s'il vous plaît;∎ you can't ask just anybody to present the prizes tu ne peux pas demander au premier venu de présenter les prix;∎ this is not just any horse race, this is the Derby! ça n'est pas n'importe quelle course de chevaux, c'est le Derby!(d) (exactly, precisely) exactement, juste;∎ just here/there juste ici/là;∎ just at that moment juste à ce moment-là;∎ that's just what I needed c'est exactement ou juste ce qu'il me fallait; ironic il ne me manquait plus que ça;∎ just what are you getting at? où veux-tu en venir exactement?;∎ just why does she do it? pour quelles raisons exactement le fait-elle?, pourquoi exactement le fait-elle?;∎ he's just like his father c'est son père tout craché;∎ she's just the person for the job elle a exactement le profil requis pour ce poste;∎ that dress is just the same as yours cette robe est exactement la même que la tienne;∎ oh, I can just picture it! oh, je vois tout à fait!;∎ that hat is just you ce chapeau te va à merveille;∎ you speak French just as well as I do ton français est tout aussi bon que le mien;∎ I'd just as soon go tomorrow j'aimerais autant y aller demain;∎ it's just ten o'clock il est dix heures juste(s) ou pile, il est tout juste dix heures;∎ ironic (it's) just my luck! c'est bien ma chance!;∎ don't come in just yet n'entre pas tout de suite;∎ that's just it or just the point! précisément!, justement!, voilà!∎ I could just make out what they were saying je parvenais tout juste à entendre ce qu'ils disaient;∎ you came just in time! tu es arrivé juste à temps!;∎ she's just in time for a drink elle arrive pile pour ou elle arrive juste à temps pour prendre un verre;∎ he (only) just managed to catch the train il a eu le train de justesse, c'est tout juste s'il a eu le train;∎ she caught the train but (only) just elle a eu le train mais c'était juste ou c'était de justesse;∎ they (only) just missed the train ils ont manqué le train de peu;∎ I just missed a lorry j'ai failli heurter un camion;∎ the trousers just fit me je rentre tout juste dans le pantalon∎ it costs just over/under £50 ça coûte un tout petit peu plus de/moins de 50 livres;∎ it's just after/before two o'clock il est un peu plus/moins de deux heures;∎ just after my birthday juste après ou peu après mon anniversaire;∎ just afterwards juste après;∎ just in front/behind/above/below juste devant/derrière/au-dessus/au-dessous;∎ it's just to the right of the painting c'est juste à droite du tableau∎ I may or might just be able to do it il n'est pas impossible que je puisse le faire;∎ his story might or could just be true son histoire pourrait être vraie, il est possible que son histoire soit vraie∎ just think what might have happened! imagine un peu ce qui aurait pu arriver!;∎ we just can't understand it nous n'arrivons vraiment pas à comprendre;∎ just wait till I find the culprit! attends un peu que je trouve le coupable!;∎ just be quiet, will you! veux-tu bien te taire!;∎ now just you wait a minute, Kate! hé, une petite minute, Kate!;∎ just (you) try! essaie donc un peu!;∎ I just won't do it il n'est pas question que je le fasse;∎ it just isn't good enough c'est loin d'être satisfaisant, c'est tout;∎ British he looks terrible in that suit - doesn't he just! ce costume ne lui va pas du tout - je ne te le fais pas dire!;∎ British do you remember? - don't I just! tu t'en souviens? - et comment (que je m'en souviens)!;∎ why don't you want to go? - I just don't pourquoi est-ce que tu ne veux pas y aller? - je ne veux pas, c'est tout!(i) (utterly, completely) absolument;∎ the meal was just delicious le repas était tout simplement ou vraiment délicieux;∎ everything is just fine tout est parfait;∎ this is just ridiculous! c'est vraiment ridicule!;∎ don't you just love that hat? adorable, ce chapeau, non?;∎ I just loved Barcelona j'ai vraiment adoré Barcelone∎ just picked cueilli du jour;∎ just cooked cuit du jour;∎ just arrived fraîchement arrivé(a) (very nearly) presque, quasiment;∎ it's just about ten o'clock il est plus ou moins ou à peu près dix heures;∎ dinner is just about ready le dîner est presque prêt;∎ she's just about as tall as you elle est presque aussi grande que toi;∎ familiar that just about does it! ça suffit comme ça!;∎ I've just about had enough of your sarcasm! j'en ai franchement assez de tes sarcasmes!;∎ have you finished? - just about est-ce que vous avez terminé? - presque∎ can you reach the shelf? - just about! est-ce que tu peux atteindre l'étagère? - (tout) juste!;∎ his handwriting is just about legible son écriture est tout juste ou à peine lisible∎ their plane should be taking off just about now leur avion devrait être sur le point de décoller(a) (at the same time as) juste au moment où;∎ they arrived just as we were leaving ils sont arrivés juste au moment où nous partions;∎ just as the door was opening au moment même où la porte s'ouvrait∎ just as I thought/predicted comme je le pensais/prévoyais;∎ just as you like or wish comme vous voulez ou voudrez;∎ why not come just as you are? pourquoi ne viens-tu pas comme tu es?juste au cas où;∎ just in case we don't see each other juste au cas où nous ne nous verrions pas2 adverbau cas où;∎ take a coat, just in case prends un manteau, on ne sait jamais ou au cas oùfamiliar comme ça;∎ he told me to clear off, just like that! il m'a dit de me tirer, carrément!;∎ I can't do it just like that, I need some notice je ne peux pas le faire comme ça, sans être prévenu à l'avance∎ I'm busy just now je suis occupé pour le moment;∎ not just now pas en ce moment;∎ she's not leaving just now elle ne part pas encore, elle ne part pas tout de suite∎ I heard a noise just now je viens juste d'entendre un bruit;∎ I've just now come from there j'en viens à l'instant;∎ when did this happen? - just now quand cela s'est-il passé? - à l'instantBritish exactement;∎ they've been married just on thirty years ça fait exactement trente ans qu'ils sont mariés;∎ the fish weighed just on 3 kilos le poisson pesait exactement 3 kilos;∎ it's just on ten o'clock il est dix heures juste(s) ou pile, il est tout juste dix heures8 just so1 adverbformal (expressing agreement) c'est exact;∎ are you a magistrate? - just so vous êtes magistrat? - c'est exactBritish (properly arranged) parfait;∎ she likes everything (to be) just so elle aime que tout soit parfait;∎ he set the vase down just so (carefully) il a posé le vase avec soinà ce moment-là;∎ I was just then getting ready to go out je me préparais justement à sortir;∎ just then, a strange figure appeared à ce moment-là, une silhouette étrange apparut(nonetheless) quand même;∎ just the same, it's as well to check il vaut quand même mieux vérifierⅡ.just2(a) (fair, impartial) juste, équitable;∎ a just law une loi juste ou équitable;∎ a ruler who was just to or towards all men un souverain qui a su faire preuve d'équité (envers tous)(b) (reasonable, moral) juste, légitime;∎ a just cause une juste cause;∎ he has just cause for complaint il a de bonnes raisons pour se plaindre;∎ to show just cause for concern, to have just cause to be concerned avoir de bonnes raisons de s'inquiéter(c) (deserved) juste, mérité;∎ a just reward une juste récompense, une récompense bien méritée;∎ he got his just deserts il n'a eu que ce qu'il méritait, ce n'est que justice(d) (accurate) juste, exact;∎ a just account of the facts un compte rendu exact des faits∎ the just les justes mpl;∎ to sleep the sleep of the just dormir du sommeil du juste -
84 كثير
كَثِير \ ample: enough or more than is necessary: There is an ample supply of food. We have ample time to catch the train. considerable: great (of amount, cost, difficulty, distance, etc.). constant: happening very often: He paid constant visit to the doctor. good: fairly large: It cost a good deal of money. many: a large number (of): He has (very) many friends. Many (of them) are at school with him. Many hands make light work (A job is done faster if we help each other). many a: used with a singular noun, equal in sense to a plural noun: I’ve been there many a time (many times). plentiful: (esp. of fruit or vegetables) obtainable in large numbers: Apples are plentiful this year. We had a plentiful supply of fruit. \ بِكَثِير \ all: (with comparatives) much: If you run you’ll get there all the sooner. by far: by a long way or very much: He is by far the better player of the two. He plays better by far. far: (comparing things) much: He works far harder than you do. lot: a lot very much: I feel a lot better today. He likes her a lot. much: (in comparisons; before more, etc., and before too) a lot; by a great amount: This is much more useful than that. I feel much better today. It’s much too expensive. well: quite a long way: He’s well over 60. Stand well back from the line. \ كَثِير الأحلام \ dreamy: having an appearance of dreaming; inattentive to what is around one. \ كَثِير الأعشاب الضَّارَّة \ weedy: full of weeds or weed. \ كَثِير إلى هذا الحَدّ \ so many, so much: such a lot of: I never knew that you had so many brothers. \ كَثِير الإنتاج \ productive: (of land, work, plans, etc.) producing (many) goods or results. \ كَثِير التِّلال \ hilly: (of a country or roads) full of hills. \ كَثِير التَّنقُّل \ on the move: moving; travelling: He’s always on the move and never settles for long. \ كَثِير الجِبال \ mountainous: (of land) full of mountains. \ كَثِير جدًّا \ a good many, a great many: very many: a good many people. immensely: very much: I enjoyed myself immensely. in abundance: in large quantities. so many, so much: such a lot of: I never knew that you had so many brothers. \ كَثِير الحِجارة \ stony: having many stones: stony soil. \ كَثِير الحَرَاشِف \ scaly: covered with scales: A scaly creature; a scaly surface. \ كَثِير الدُّخَان \ smoky: producing much smoke; full of smoke; of a greyish brown colour. \ كَثِير الرّياح \ windy: having a lot of wind: Windy weather; a windy hillside. \ كَثِير الرِّيح \ breezy: (of weather) rather windy; fresh. \ كَثِير السُّؤَال \ inquisitive: too eager to know about other people’s affairs. \ كَثِير الشَّعْر \ hairy: covered with hair: hairy legs. \ كَثِير الضَّباب \ foggy: not clear because of fog: a foggy day. \ كَثِير الضَّجيج \ noisy: making a lot of noise: noisy children. \ كَثِير العَدَد \ numerous: great in number; very many: numerous mistakes. \ كَثِير العُشْب \ grassy: covered with grass. \ كَثِير العُصَارة \ juicy: (of fruit, etc.) containing a lot of liquid: a juicy apple. \ كَثِير العَظْم \ bony: (of fish or meat) full of bones. \ كَثِير العَمَل \ busy: working; having much to do: My wife is busy cooking. I’ve had a busy day at the office. \ See Also مشغول (مَشْغُول) \ كَثِير مِن \ a lot of, lots of: a great deal of (but much or many is more common in questions or negative sentences): He has a lot of money but he hasn’t much sense. a good deal, a great deal: a lot: he suffers a good deal of pain. He has a great deal of money. dozen: a lot: I have dozens of relations. masses: a lot: I’ve got masses of work to finish. much: (it should be used: (a) only with nu nouns; use many for nc. nouns; (b) in negative sentences or questions; (c) in statements only when it describes the subject or when it follows how, too, so or as; in other statements use a lot, plenty of, a good deal of) a large amount of: We haven’t much food. Much money was spent on repairs. You eat too much sugar. \ كَثِير النُّتُوءات \ lumpy: full of lumps; covered with lumps; not smooth. \ كَثِير النِّسْيَان \ forgetful: often failing to remember things. \ كَثيرًا \ lot: a lot very much: I feel a lot better today. He likes her a lot. much: (only in negative sentences or questions; always after the verb) often: Does he come here much?, (with p.p) greatly a much-loved friend, (with verbs (a) it must not come between the verb and its object, (b) it may come at the end of a negative sentence or question, (c) it may only come at the end of a statement if it follows very) greatly: I don’t much like it or (I don’t like it). often: many times: It often rains in winter. \ كَثيرًا جدًّا \ highly: greatly; very; very much: I was highly delighted at his success. This substance is highly poisonous. She is a highly experienced taecher. I value your advice highly. \ كَثيرةُ الأرجُل (من المَفْصِليّات) \ millepedes or millipedes, Myriapoda. \ _(field) Zool. -
85 try
I [traɪ]1) (attempt) tentativo m., prova f.nice try! — almeno ci hai provato! iron. bello sforzo!
2) sport (in rugby) meta f.II 1. [traɪ]1) (attempt)to try to do — tentare o cercare di fare, provare a fare
to try one's hardest o best to do fare tutto il possibile per fare, fare ogni sforzo per fare, mettercela tutta per fare; it's trying to rain sembra che voglia piovere; try telling that to my wife! prova a dirlo a mia moglie! to try a question — cercare di rispondere a una domanda
2) (test out) provare [tool, product, method, activity]; prendere in prova [ person]; [ thief] provare ad aprire [door, window]; provare a girare [ door knob]try that for size o length provalo per vedere se ti va bene; I'll try anything once — sono pronto a provare tutto
try the library — prova, chiedi in biblioteca
5) (subject to stress) mettere alla prova [tolerance, faith]2.to try sb.'s patience to the limit — mettere a dura prova la pazienza di qcn
verbo intransitivo (make attempt) tentare, provareto try again — (to perform task) riprovare, ritentare; (to see somebody) ripassare; (to phone) richiamare, riprovare
to try for — cercare di ottenere [loan, university place]; cercare di battere [ world record]; cercare di avere [ baby]
just you try! — (as threat) provaci (e vedi)!
- try on- try out••these things are sent to try us — scherz. sono tutti meriti per il paradiso
* * *1. verb1) (to attempt or make an effort (to do, get etc): He tried to answer the questions; Let's try and climb that tree!) provare2) (to test; to make an experiment (with) in order to find out whether something will be successful, satisfactory etc: She tried washing her hair with a new shampoo; Try one of these sweets.) provare3) (to judge (someone or their case) in a court of law: The prisoners were tried for murder.) giudicare4) (to test the limits of; to strain: You are trying my patience.) (mettere alla prova)2. noun1) (an attempt or effort: Have a try (at the exam). I'm sure you will pass.) prova, tentativo2) (in rugby football, an act of putting the ball on the ground behind the opponents' goal-line: Our team scored three tries.) meta•- trier- trying
- try on
- try out* * *try /traɪ/n.1 (fam.) prova; tentativo: Let me have a try!, fammi fare una prova!; I had a few tries but I couldn't open the lock, feci diversi tentativi, ma non riuscii ad aprire la serratura● try-on, prova ( di un abito); (fam.) tentativo d'inganno; (il) tentare il colpo □ try-out, (fam.) esperimento, prova; (autom., mecc.) collaudo, verifica; (teatr.) rappresentazione di prova; ( USA) selezione ( di atleti), provino ( di attori, ecc.): try-out of the brakes, verifica dei freni; He gave the play a try-out at Reading, ha messo in scena il dramma a Reading per una rappresentazione di prova ( prima di portarlo a Londra) □ try square, squadra a battente ( strumento per disegno, ecc.) □ Have (o give it) a try!, prova!; provaci!♦ (to) try /traɪ/v. t. e i.1 provare; tentare; cercare; mettere alla prova; saggiare; sperimentare; fare un esperimento; fare una prova; collaudare: I promise I'll try, prometto che proverò; It's no use trying, è inutile tentare; Try to study (fam.: try and study) harder, cerca di studiare di più!; She tried my patience with her complaints, la mia pazienza è stata messa a dura prova dalle sue lamentele; We tried living together but it didn't work out, abbiamo provato a (o fatto il tentativo di) vivere insieme, ma non ha funzionato; Each car is tried before it leaves the factory, ogni automobile è collaudata prima di lasciare la fabbrica; to try one's best [one's hardest], fare del proprio meglio [fare ogni sforzo]; mettercela tutta3 (leg.) giudicare; pronunciarsi su; processare: to try a case, giudicare una causa; He was tried for manslaughter, è stato processato per omicidio colposo4 affaticare; sforzare, stancare ( gli occhi, la vista, ecc.): to try one's eyes, affaticarsi gli occhi7 ( raro) decidere, risolvere ( una disputa, una questione): The knights tried the dispute in a joust, i cavalieri hanno deciso la contesa con un torneo● to try one's fortune, tentare la sorte; sfidare la fortuna □ to try one's hand at st., tentar di fare (o mettere mano a) qc. □ to try one's luck on the pools, giocare al totocalcio □ Try me!, provaci!; scommetti? □ Try the door, prova a girare la maniglia!; vedi un po' se la porta si apre!* * *I [traɪ]1) (attempt) tentativo m., prova f.nice try! — almeno ci hai provato! iron. bello sforzo!
2) sport (in rugby) meta f.II 1. [traɪ]1) (attempt)to try to do — tentare o cercare di fare, provare a fare
to try one's hardest o best to do fare tutto il possibile per fare, fare ogni sforzo per fare, mettercela tutta per fare; it's trying to rain sembra che voglia piovere; try telling that to my wife! prova a dirlo a mia moglie! to try a question — cercare di rispondere a una domanda
2) (test out) provare [tool, product, method, activity]; prendere in prova [ person]; [ thief] provare ad aprire [door, window]; provare a girare [ door knob]try that for size o length provalo per vedere se ti va bene; I'll try anything once — sono pronto a provare tutto
try the library — prova, chiedi in biblioteca
5) (subject to stress) mettere alla prova [tolerance, faith]2.to try sb.'s patience to the limit — mettere a dura prova la pazienza di qcn
verbo intransitivo (make attempt) tentare, provareto try again — (to perform task) riprovare, ritentare; (to see somebody) ripassare; (to phone) richiamare, riprovare
to try for — cercare di ottenere [loan, university place]; cercare di battere [ world record]; cercare di avere [ baby]
just you try! — (as threat) provaci (e vedi)!
- try on- try out••these things are sent to try us — scherz. sono tutti meriti per il paradiso
-
86 think
1. II think therefore I am я мыслю, следовательно я существую; are animals able to think? мыслят ли животные?; don't act without thinking ничего не делай /не предпринимай/, не подумав; let me (give me time to) think дайте мне (время) подумать /собраться с мыслями, поразмыслить, сосредоточиться/; I know what you are thinking я знаю, что /о чем/ вы думаете2. IIthink in some manner think logically (creatively, constructively, shrewdly, idly, etc.) мыслить /думать/ логично и т.д.; think so /as much, this way/ думать определенным образом; he thinks [in] this way он мыслит таким образом; I thought as much я так и думал; no two minds think alike все мы думаем по-разному; you must learn to think clearly вам надо учиться ясно мыслить; think harder подумай получше; think much /а lot/ много думать; if you were to think a little less and act a little more it would be better for all для всех было бы лучше, если бы вы немного меньше размышляли и немного больше делали; is he going to come? I don't think so он собирается приехать? think не думаю; just think! подумать только! think for some time let me think a moment дайте мне немного подумать /сосредоточиться/3. IIIthink smth.1) think great (sad, evil, base, pleasant, etc.) thoughts быть полным великих и т.д. дум /мыслей/; think business постоянно думать о делах2) think no harm /no evil/ не думать /не иметь в виду, не предполагать/ чего-л. дурного; one would not have thought it никто бы об этом не подумал, это никому не пришло бы в голову4. Vthink smth., smb. smth. think it a shame (it a most interesting book, her a clever young lady, him an impolite fellow, etc.) считать, что это позор /это позорным/ и т.д.; think oneself a hero считать себя героем; he doesn't think it any trouble at all он не считает это затруднительным, он считает, что это совсем нетрудно5. VIthink smth., smb. as having some quality think smth. strange (the lecture interesting, the matter very important, the affair unlawful, his success probable, the girl pretty, him right, etc.) считать что-л. странным и т.д.; do you think it likely? вы считаете это вероятным?; think him very powerful (them clever, oneself important, etc.) считать его очень могущественным и т.д.; think smth. as being of some quality to do smth. think it proper (unusual, necessary, strange, etc.) to say this (to go there, to take it, etc.) считать приличным и т.д. сказать это и т.д.; I don't think it wise to go there я считаю неблагоразумным идти туда; I thought it better to stay away (not to try, etc.) я считал, что лучше держаться подальше и т.д.6. VIIthink smb., smth. [to be] smth. think him to be a fool (him to be more straightforward, the girl more intelligent, the matter to be more delicate, etc.) считать его дураком и т.д.; do you think him very much to blame? вы считаете его очень виноватым?; I think it to correspond to facts я думаю /считаю/, что это соответствует фактам7. XI1) be thought about /of/ smth. it must (should, etc.) be thought about /of/ об этом нужно (следует и т.д.) (подумать; there are a number of things to be thought of before we come to a decision прежде, чем мы примем какое-либо решение, надо подумать /поразмыслить/ о ряде вещей /надо учесть ряд вещей/2) be thought of a new house (a motor саг, а winter holiday in the south, etc.) is not to /cannot/ be thought of о новом доме и т.д. думать нечего /и подумать нельзя/; such a thing is not to be thought of о таких вещах и мечтать нечего3) be thought [to be] in some state be thought dead (mad, richt, to be fair, to be lost, etc.) считаться умершим и т.д.; be thought to be smth. he is thought to be a scholar его считают ученым; it is thought to be a fraud считают, что это обман; be thought that it was thought that he would accept the position полагали /считали/, что он согласится на этот пост; be thought of in some manner he is well (highly) thought of о нем хорошо отзываются; it was thought of as impossible это считалось невозможным8. XIIIthink to do smth. think to deceive us (to escape punishment, to help you, to find a home with his daughter, to get a special favour, etc.) надеяться /собираться/ обмануть нас и т.д.; I never thought to find you here (to see you, to meet him again, etc.) я не подумал /никогда не думал/, что могу вас здесь застать и т.д.; think what to do next (how to help, etc.) думать о том, что делать дальше и т.д.9. XVthink as having some quality think fit (proper, good, etc.) считать удобным и т.д.; do as you think best делайте, как вам кажется /вы считаете/ лучше; do not think ill of me не думайте обо мне плохо10. XVI1) think in smth. think in German (in a foreign language, etc.) думать /мыслить/ по-немецки и т.д.; think about /of/ smth. think about /of/ the matter (about that question, about /of/ everything, of many things, about smb.'s suggestion, about the problem, about /of/ the proposal, of such a possibility, etc.) (по)думать об этом деле и т.д., обдумывать это дело и т.д.; why don't you " about my offer before you make up your mind? вам не мешало бы взвесить /продумать/ мое предложение прежде, чем решать; what are you thinking about /of/? о чем вы думаете?; it is not worth thinking about об этом не стоит думать; when I least thought of it когда я меньше всего об этом думал; think (up)on smth. think on life (on the matter, upon life and death, on love, etc.) думать /размышлять/ о жизни и т.д.; there is one thing you ought to think on вам следует подумать об одной вещи2) think of /about/ smth., smb. think of old times (of home, about one's childhood days, about life in the mountains, of the accident, of her, etc.) думать /вспоминать/ о прошлом /о прежних временах/ и т.д.; I can't think of his name at the moment (of his address, of the right phrase, of the name of this place, etc.) я не могу сразу вспомнить его имя и т.д.; I can't think of the figures цифры /числа/ выпали у меня из памяти, я сейчас забыл цифры; I can't think of the right word мне не приходит в голову нужное слово3) think about /of/ smb. think about /of/ his mother (about one's friends, about the friends one has lost, of others, of other people first, etc.) думать /беспокоиться/ о своей матери и т.д.; I have my wife and family to think of мне надо подумать /позаботиться, побеспокоиться/ о жене и всей семье; he thinks only (too much) of himself, he thinks of no one but himself он думает только о себе; think about /of/ smth. think about /of/ smb. think feelings (of smb.'s plight, of their welfare, etc.) думать о чьих-л. чувствах и т.д., считаться с чьими-л. чувствами и т.д.; they think about nothing but clothes (about hair styles, about nothing but sport and pleasure, etc.) у них на уме только платья и т.д., они ни о чем другом, кроме платьев и т.д. не думают4) think of smth., smb. think of a way out of the difficulty (of some excuse to give them, of a word beginning with В, of a good plan, of an amusing way to spend the evening, of such a thing, of a good place for a week-end holidays, etc.) придумать выход из тяжелого положения и т.д.; I just didn't think of it мне это просто не пришло в голову, об этом-то я и не подумал; think of a number задумайте число; think of the danger (of the people who risk their lives, of the nerve of that fellow, of that man being there, etc.) подумать об опасности и т.д., представить /вообразить/ себе опасность и т.д.; I would never have thought of this possibility мне эта возможность не приходила в голову5) think of /about/ smth., smb. what do you think of this plan (of the idea, of my new dress. of our new car, of this man, about me, etc.)? что вы думаете /какого вы мнения/ об этом плане и т.д.?; what do you "think of his speech? как вам понравилась его речь?; I told him what I thought of him я высказал /сказал/ ему [все], что я о нем думаю; think of her as a friend (of her as still a child, of you as a replacement for the man who quit, of him as being tall, of golf as waste of time, etc.) считать ее другом и т.д., думать о ней, как о друге и т.д.; think well (highly, harshly, meanly, etc.) of smth., smb. быть хорошего и т.д. мнения о чем-л., ком-л.; I will not think so poorly of her я не хочу о ней так плохо думать; it depends how you think of it все зависит от того, как к этому отнестись || we thought better of it мы передумали /раздумали/11. XVII1) think before doing smth. think before answering (before making a decision, before accepting, before refusing, etc.) сначала подумать /взвесить/, а потом отвечать и т.д., подумать, прежде чем ответить и т.д.2) think about /of/ doing smth. think about moving to another house (about buying a new piano, about taking her to dinner, about emigrating to Canada, about getting a job, of going tomorrow, of going to Spain for our holiday, of marrying, etc.) подумывать о переезде /собираться переехать, строить планы о том, чтобы переехать/ в другой дом и т.д.; а girl thinks more of "looking nice" than a boy does девушки больше заботятся /думают/ о своей внешности, чем молодые люди; he would not (never) think of letting her go (of allowing it, of inviting them, of going unless he were invited, of saying such things about a lady, of doing such a thing, of allowing my children to stay out until this late hour, etc.) ему бы (никогда) не пришло в голову /он бы и не подумал/ отпустить ее и т.д.; the price is so high that I cannot think of buying it цена так высока, что я и мечтать не могу [, чтобы] купить это3) think about /of/ doing smth. what do you think about going to Spain (of going to the movies tonight, etc.)? как вы /что вы думаете/ насчет поездки в Испанию и т.д.?; what did they think of his playing (of her painting, of our singing, etc.)? что они думают /какого они мнения/ о его игре /о том, как он играет/ и т.д.?12. XVIIIthink to oneself he is not telling the truth, I thought to myself он лжет, подумал я про себя; he was thinking to himself how strange the children were он отметил про себя, какими странными были дети; think for oneself you must think for yourself ты должен решать сам; think oneself into some state think oneself silly довести себя раздумьями до отупения; he thought himself into a fever он так много думал, что заболел13. XXI1think smth. of (about) smb., smth. think unjust things of her думать о ней несправедливо; he thought the world of her он о ней был очень высокого мнения; I think very little of his work (of his abilities, about the new novel, of the teacher, etc.) я очень невысокого мнения о его работе и т.д.; I don't think much of him as a teacher я не высоко ставлю /ценю/ его как преподавателя || think it beneath one (smb.) to do smth. считать ниже своего (чьего-л.) достоинства что-л. сделать14. XXV1) think what... (why..., how..., etc.) think what she would do next (why he came, how to help, etc.) думать о том, что ей делать дальше и т.д.2) think how... (what...., where..., etc.) you can't think how pleased I was (how surprised he was, how glad I am, what he means, what a sharp tongue she has, why she left, where he is, etc.) вы не можете себе представить, как я был доволен и т.д.; think that... I never thought that he himself would come я никогда не думал /не ожидал/, что он сам придет; [only] to think that he is twenty (that I should be let off so early, etc.) подумать только, что ему всего двадцать и т.д.3) think [that] think [that] you are clever (that he is ready, that the earth is flat, you can do it, you are acting foolishly, etc.) думать /полагать, считать/, что вы умны и т.д.; what do you think I ought to do? как вы думаете, что мне следует делать?; I think I'll go now я, пожалуй, пойду; ну, я пошел; it is going to rain, I think мне кажется, будет дождь; it will be better, don't you think, to start early? не лучше ли выехать пораньше, как вы полагаете?; think before you do smth. think carefully before you answer (before you begin, before you accept, etc.) хорошенько подумай, прежде чем отвечать и т.д.15. XXVII1think of what... think of what I've said (of what I told you, of what this means, etc.) подумай о том /над тем/, что я сказал и т.д.; think of what might have happened думать о том, что могло случиться -
87 yet
1. adv до сих пор; ещёI have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear valuable advice — я прожил на земле уже тридцать лет, и пока ещё никто не дал мне ценного совета
as yet — пока ещё; до сих пор
never yet — никогда ещё не …
there was never yet philosopher that could enpure the toothache patiently — такого нет философа на свете, чтобы зубную боль сносил спокойно
2. adv ещё, к тому времени, к тому моментуwhen I came he had not yet got up — когда я пришёл, он ещё был в постели
3. adv уже; пока; ещё4. adv когда-либо, до сих пор5. adv когда-нибудь, ещё; всё же6. adv усил. ещё; дажеshe would not do it for him, nor yet for me — она не хотела сделать это для него и даже для меня
7. adv тем не менее, всё же, всё-такиstrange and yet very true — странно, но тем не менее верно
not yet — еще не; еще нет
8. adv но и неnot finished nor yet started — не только не закончено, но и не начато
not me nor yet you — не я, но и не:
9. cj но, однако; хотя; всё же, тем не менее, несмотря на этоthe work is good, yet it could be better — работа хорошая, но могла бы быть лучше
it seems proved, yet I doubt it — хотя это как будто и доказано, но я сомневаюсь
he worked well, yet he failed — он хорошо работал, однако потерпел неудачу
Синонимический ряд:1. however (adj.) additionally; also; although; but; despite; hitherto; however; moreover; notwithstanding2. also (other) additionally; again; along; also; as well; besides; further; furthermore; futhermore; into the bargain; item; likewise; more; moreover; still; then; to boot; too; yea3. as yet (other) as yet; earlier; hitherto; so far; thus far; till now; until now4. eventually (other) eventually; finally; someday; sometime; somewhen; sooner or later; ultimately5. nevertheless (other) after all; after all is said and done; all the same; anyhow; anyway; at any rate; be that as it may; but; even; even so; further; howbeit; however; in any case; in any event; in spite of everything; moreover; nevertheless; nonetheless; notwithstanding; per contra; regardless; still; still and all; still and all (US); though; withal -
88 line
line [laɪn]ligne ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e), 1 (j)-(o), 1 (r), 1 (v) trait ⇒ 1 (a) ride ⇒ 1 (a) rang ⇒ 1 (c) queue ⇒ 1 (c) mot ⇒ 1 (f) corde ⇒ 1 (g) tuyau ⇒ 1 (h) voie ⇒ 1 (i) frontière ⇒ 1 (p) branche ⇒ 1 (q) chaîne ⇒ 1 (s) lignée ⇒ 1 (t) border ⇒ 2 (a) régler ⇒ 2 (b) doubler ⇒ 2 (c) garnir ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (d)1 noun∎ to draw a line tracer ou tirer une ligne;∎ Sport to beat sb on the line (at the finishing line) coiffer qn au poteau;∎ to score 50 points above/below the line (in bridge) marquer 50 points d'honneur/de marche;∎ there are five lines to a stave une portée est constituée de cinq lignes;∎ his face was covered with lines son visage était plein de rides∎ light travels in a straight line la lumière se propage en ligne droite;∎ it's on a line between Houston and Dallas c'est sur la ligne qui va de Houston à Dallas;∎ the two grooves must be exactly in line les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;∎ I don't follow your line of thinking je ne suis pas ton raisonnement;∎ to be in the line of fire être dans la ligne de tir;∎ line of sight or of vision ligne f de visée;∎ let's try a different line of attack essayons une approche différente;∎ it's all in the line of duty cela fait partie de mes fonctions;∎ the problems I meet in the line of duty les problèmes auxquels je suis confronté dans l'exercice de mes fonctions;∎ to be killed in the line of duty (policeman) mourir dans l'exercice de ses fonctions; (soldier) mourir au champ d'honneur;∎ British to take the line of least resistance choisir la solution de facilité;∎ there's been a terrible mistake somewhere along the line il s'est produit une erreur grave quelque part;∎ I'll support them all along or right down the line je les soutiendrai jusqu'au bout ou sur toute la ligne;∎ the population is split along religious lines la population est divisée selon des critères religieux;∎ he reorganized the company along more rational lines il a réorganisé l'entreprise sur une base plus rationnelle;∎ we shall take action along the lines suggested nous agirons dans le sens de ce qui a été proposé;∎ another idea along the same lines une autre idée dans le même genre;∎ we seem to be thinking along the same lines il semble que nous voyions les choses de la même façon;∎ to be on the right lines être sur la bonne voie(c) (row → side by side) ligne f, rang m, rangée f; (→ one behind another) rang m, file f; American (queue) file f (d'attente), queue f;∎ a line of traffic une colonne de véhicules;∎ to fall or get into line, to form a line (people) se mettre en ligne; (children) se mettre en rang; (soldiers) former les rangs;∎ stand in line, children mettez-vous en rang, les enfants;∎ to step into line se mettre en rang;∎ a line of trees une rangée d'arbres;∎ we joined the line at the bus stop nous avons fait la queue à l'arrêt de bus;∎ they wanted to be first in line ils voulaient être les premiers dans la file d'attente;∎ figurative he's in line for promotion il est sur les rangs pour une promotion;∎ he's next in line for promotion la prochaine promotion sera pour lui;∎ he's first in line for the throne c'est l'héritier du trône;∎ to be on the line (job, reputation) être en jeu;∎ to put one's job/reputation on the line mettre son travail/sa réputation en jeu;∎ to lay one's reputation/life on the line (for sb/sth) mettre sa réputation/vie en jeu (pour qn/qch)∎ it's in/out of line with company policy c'est conforme/ce n'est pas conforme à la politique de la société;∎ it's more or less in line with what we'd expected cela correspond plus ou moins à nos prévisions;∎ to bring wages into line with inflation actualiser les salaires en fonction de l'inflation;∎ the rebels have been brought into line les rebelles ont été mis au pas;∎ to fall into line with government policy accepter la politique gouvernementale;∎ to step out of line s'écarter du droit chemin∎ new line (in dictation) à la ligne;∎ Computing a 20-line program un programme de 20 lignes;∎ School she gave me 100 lines elle m'a donné 100 lignes (à faire);∎ she quoted a line from Wordsworth elle a cité un vers de Wordsworth;∎ I only have two lines in the whole play! je n'ai que deux répliques dans toute la pièce!;∎ he forgot his lines il a oublié son texte;∎ he gave me the usual line about his wife not understanding him il m'a fait son numéro habituel comme quoi sa femme ne le comprend pas;∎ to drop sb a line envoyer un mot à qn∎ to hang the washing on the line mettre le linge à sécher, étendre le linge;∎ your clothes are out on the line tes vêtements sont sur la corde à linge∎ the train left the line le train a déraillé(j) (travel route) ligne f;∎ underground line ligne f de métro;∎ there's a new coach line to London il y a un nouveau service d'autocars pour Londres;∎ to keep the lines of communication open maintenir ouvertes les lignes de communication;∎ shipping line compagnie f de navigation(k) Electricity ligne f;∎ the power lines have been cut les lignes électriques ont été coupées;∎ the lines are still down after the gale les lignes n'ont pas été rétablies depuis la tempête;∎ the power station comes on line in June la centrale entre en service en juin(l) Telecommunications ligne f;∎ the line went dead la communication a été coupée;∎ I was on the line to Paris je téléphonais à Paris;∎ all the lines to London are busy toutes les lignes pour Londres sont occupées;∎ then a voice came on the other end of the line alors une voix a répondu à l'autre bout du fil;∎ I have Laura on the line j'ai Laura en ligne;∎ a direct line to Washington une ligne directe avec Washington;∎ hold the line ne quittez pas;∎ there's someone on the line il y a quelqu'un sur la ligne;∎ the line's very bad la communication est mauvaise;∎ she's on the other line elle est sur l'autre ligne;∎ Computing on line en ligne∎ the graceful line or lines of the new model la ligne harmonieuse du nouveau modèle;∎ can you explain the main or broad lines of the project to me? pouvez-vous m'expliquer les grandes lignes du projet?∎ they took a hard or tough line on terrorism ils ont adopté une politique de fermeté envers le terrorisme;∎ the opposition takes a harder line on this issue l'opposition a une politique plus dure sur cette question;∎ to follow or to toe the party line suivre la ligne du parti;∎ what line are you going to take? quel parti allez-vous prendre?;∎ we must take a firm line with such people il nous faut être ferme avec des gens comme ça∎ they struggled vainly to hold the line ils ont vainement tenté de maintenir leur position;∎ battle lines lignes fpl de bataille;∎ to infiltrate enemy lines infiltrer les lignes ennemies;∎ regiment/ship of the line régiment m/navire m de ligne(p) (boundary) frontière f, limite f;∎ the distant line of the horizon la ligne lointaine de l'horizon;∎ the (dividing) line between frankness and rudeness la limite entre la franchise et l'impolitesse;∎ to overstep the line dépasser la mesure;∎ the poverty line le seuil de pauvreté;∎ they crossed the state line into Nevada ils ont franchi la frontière du Nevada;∎ to cross the Line (equator) traverser l'équateur∎ she's in the same line (of work) as you elle travaille dans la même branche que toi;∎ what line (of business) are you in?, what's your line (of business)? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?;∎ if you need anything doing in the plumbing line si vous avez besoin de faire faire des travaux de plomberie;∎ that's not my line ce n'est pas mon rayon;∎ that's more in Katy's line c'est plus du domaine de Katy;∎ opera isn't really my line l'opéra n'est pas vraiment mon genre(r) (range → of products) ligne f;∎ a new line of office furniture une nouvelle ligne de meubles de bureau;∎ they produce or do an interesting line in chairs ils produisent une gamme intéressante de chaises;∎ familiar a rice pudding or something in that line un gâteau de riz ou quelque chose dans ce genre(-là)(s) (production line) chaîne f;∎ the new model will be coming off the line in May le nouveau modèle sortira de l'usine en mai(t) (lineage, ancestry) lignée f;∎ line of descent filiation f;∎ to be descended in (a) direct line from sb descendre en droite ligne de qn;∎ the Windsor line la lignée des Windsor;∎ the title is transmitted by the male line le titre se transmet par les hommes;∎ he comes from a long line of doctors il est issu d'une longue lignée de médecins∎ I'll try and get a line on what actually happened j'essaierai d'avoir des tuyaux sur ce qui s'est réellement passé;∎ the police have got a line on him la police sait des choses sur lui(a) (road, river) border;∎ the avenue is lined with trees l'avenue est bordée d'arbres;∎ crowds lined the streets la foule était ou s'était massée sur les trottoirs∎ lined with silk doublé de soie;∎ the tissue that lines the digestive tract la paroi interne de l'appareil digestif;∎ you need something to line your stomach il faut que tu avales quelque chose avant;∎ Cookery line the baking tin with pastry disposez la pâte dans le moule;∎ walls lined with books des murs tapissés de livres;∎ familiar to line one's (own) pockets s'en mettre plein les poches(d) Technology (bearing) garnir, recouvrir; (brakes) garnir; (wall, furnace) revêtir, incruster; (well) cuveler;∎ to line a shaft with metal blinder un puits;∎ the tubes are lined with plastic l'intérieur des tubes est revêtu d'une couche de plastique►► Marketing line addition ajout m à la ligne;Typography line block cliché m au trait;Computing line break saut m de ligne;line call (in tennis) décision f du juge de ligne;Computing line command ligne f de commande;Finance line of credit ligne f de crédit, ligne f de découvert;line dancing = danse de style country effectuée en rangs;Marketing line differentiation différenciation f de ligne;line drawing dessin m au trait;Sport line drive (in baseball) flèche f;Typography & Computing line end fin f de ligne;Typography & Computing line end hyphen tiret m de fin de ligne;line engraving gravure f au trait;Marketing line extension extension f de ligne;Computing line feed changement m de ligne;American line fence clôture f;Marketing line filling consolidation f de ligne;line fishing pêche f à la ligne;Typography line gauge typomètre m;Sport line judge juge m de ligne;Commerce line management organisation f hiérarchique;Commerce line manager chef m hiérarchique;line noise parasites mpl;line organization organisation f hiérarchique;Computing line printer imprimante f ligne à ligne;Computing line printout imprimé m ligne à ligne;Theatre line rehearsal lecture f collective;Telecommunications line rental abonnement m;Typography & Computing line space interligne m;∎ three line spaces un triple interligne;Typography & Computing line spacing interlignage m, espacement m de lignes;Marketing line stretching extension f de ligne;Typography & Computing line width longueur f de ligne➲ line up∎ he lined up the troops for inspection il fit aligner les hommes pour passer l'inspection(b) (bring into alignment) aligner;∎ the two grooves must be lined up exactly les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;∎ he had the pheasant lined up in his sights il avait le faisan dans sa ligne de mire∎ I've got a treat lined up for the kids j'ai préparé une surprise pour les gosses;∎ he's lined up an all-star cast for his new film la distribution de son nouveau film ne comprend que des stars;∎ have you got anyone lined up for the job? avez-vous quelqu'un en vue pour le poste?;∎ what have you got lined up for us? qu'est-ce que vous nous préparez?∎ figurative the Liberals lined up behind the government les libéraux ont apporté leur soutien au gouvernement -
89 yet
jet
1. нареч.
1) еще;
все еще, пока что
2) еще, кроме того, помимо этого
3) уже( в вопросительных предложениях), пора
4) даже, даже более
5) до сих пор, когда-либо
6) однако, тем не менее
2. союз однако, все же, несмотря на это;
но до сих пор;
(пока) еще - I haven't done it * я (пока) еще этого не сделал - he had not * finished eating он еще не поел - I have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have * to hear aluable advice я прожил на земле уже тридцать лет, и пока еще никто не дал мне ценного совета - as * пока еще;
до сих пор - they haven't come as * они пока еще не пришли - as * we have not made any plans for the holiday пока еще /пока что/ у нас нет никаких планов на праздники - never * никогда еще не... - never * seen невиданный - there was never * philosopher that could enpure the toothache patiently (Shakespeare) такого нет философа на свете, чтобы зубную боль сносил спокойно - I have * to think otherwise я еще не изменил своего мнения - I have * to see a better man лучше него я не встречал человека еще, к тому времени, к тому моменту - when I came he had not * got up когда я пришел, он еще был в постели - when dawn broke the reinforcements had not * arrived к рассвету подкрепления еще не подошли уже (теперь) ;
пока;
(пока) еще (в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях) - is it time to go *? уже пора идти? - is he back *? он уже вернулся? - have you heard *? вы уже слышали? - has the mail arrived *? почта уже пришла? - are they here *? они (все) еще здесь? - I can't come just * пока еще я не могу прийти к вам - don't go * не уходите пока - it is not time * (пока) еще не время - they're not selling tickets * билетов (пока) еще не продают (все) еще - is he * alive? он еще жив? - he loves her * он (все) еще ее любит - it was * morning было еще утро - I can see him * я все еще его вижу когда-либо, до сих пор - the largest diamond * found самый большой бриллиант из найденных до сих пор - I have never found a fault in him * я еще никогда у него не находил недостатков когда-нибудь, (когда-нибудь) еще;
все же - he may surprise you * он еще (когда-нибудь) вас может удивить - he will * be victoriuos он еще победит - I'll do it *! я еще это сделаю! еще (кроме того, в дополнение) - * one еще один - there is one * missing одного еще нет - there is much * to do еще многое надо сделать - we have ten minutes * у нас есть еще десять минут - * once more I ask you not to go еще раз я прошу вас не уходить - * another еще один;
новый - * another attempt еще одна /новая/ попытка( усилительно) еще;
даже (более) - a * harder task (даже) еще более трудная задача - at a * faster speed с еще большей скоростью - nearer and * nearer все ближе и ближе - the wind was strong yesterday, but today it's stronger * вчера уже был сильный ветер, но сегодня он еще сильнее - she would not do it for him, nor * for me она не хотела сделать это для него и даже для меня - I have never voted for him, nor * intend to я никогда не голосовал за него, да и не собираюсь - and with a discount * да еще со скидкой тем не менее, все же, все-таки - strange and * very true странно, но тем не менее верно( с оборотом not... nor) (не только) но и не - not finished nor * started не только не закончено, но и не начато - not me nor * you не я, но (уж) и не вы - ere * прежде чем - ere * the dawn breaks еще до рассвета но, однако;
хотя;
все же, тем не менее, несмотря на это (часто and *, but *, * nevertheless) - the work is good, * it could be better работа хорошая, но (все же) могла бы быть лучше - it seems proved, * I doubt it хотя это как будто и доказано, но /тем не менее/ я сомневаюсь - he worked well, (and) * he failed он хорошо работал, однако/ несмотря на это/ потерпел неудачу - although he didn't promise, * I think he'll do it хотя он и не обещал, я думаю, он это сделает - not very good, * not bad не очень хорошо, но и не плохо - he is old, * energetic он стар, но энергичен ~ еще;
все еще;
he has not come yet он еще не пришел;
not yet еще не(т) ;
never yet никогда еще не;
yet more еще больше ~ еще, кроме того;
he has yet much to say ему еще многое надо сказать he will not accept help nor ~ advice он не примет ни помощи, ни даже совета ~ тем не менее, все же, все-таки;
it is strange and yet true это странно, но (тем не менее) верно ~ до сих пор, когда-либо;
it is the largest specimen yet found это самый крупный экземпляр из найденных до сих пор;
as yet все еще, пока, до сих пор ~ уже (в вопросительных предложениях) ;
need you go yet ? вам уже надо идти? ~ еще;
все еще;
he has not come yet он еще не пришел;
not yet еще не(т) ;
never yet никогда еще не;
yet more еще больше ~ еще;
все еще;
he has not come yet он еще не пришел;
not yet еще не(т) ;
never yet никогда еще не;
yet more еще больше the scheme has worked well as ~ пока эта схема вполне себя оправдывает yet даже, даже более;
this question is more important yet этот вопрос даже важнее yet даже, даже более;
this question is more important yet этот вопрос даже важнее ~ до сих пор, когда-либо;
it is the largest specimen yet found это самый крупный экземпляр из найденных до сих пор;
as yet все еще, пока, до сих пор ~ еще, кроме того;
he has yet much to say ему еще многое надо сказать ~ еще;
все еще;
he has not come yet он еще не пришел;
not yet еще не(т) ;
never yet никогда еще не;
yet more еще больше ~ cj однако, все же, несмотря на это;
но ~ тем не менее, все же, все-таки;
it is strange and yet true это странно, но (тем не менее) верно ~ уже (в вопросительных предложениях) ;
need you go yet ? вам уже надо идти? ~ еще;
все еще;
he has not come yet он еще не пришел;
not yet еще не(т) ;
never yet никогда еще не;
yet more еще больше -
90 drive
drive [draɪv]conduire ⇒ 1 (a), 2 (a) chasser ⇒ 1 (b) pousser ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (d) surmener ⇒ 1 (c) percer ⇒ 1 (f) faire fonctionner ⇒ 1 (g) aller en voiture ⇒ 2 (a) rouler ⇒ 2 (b) se ruer ⇒ 2 (c) promenade en voiture ⇒ 3 (a) allée ⇒ 3 (b) dynamisme ⇒ 3 (c) campagne ⇒ 3 (d)∎ can you drive a minibus? savez-vous conduire un minibus?;∎ I drive a Volvo j'ai une Volvo;∎ he drives a taxi/lorry il est chauffeur de taxi/camionneur;∎ she drives racing cars elle est pilote de course;∎ he drove her into town il l'a conduite ou emmenée en voiture en ville;∎ could you drive me home? pourriez-vous me reconduire chez moi?;∎ she drove the car into a tree elle a heurté un arbre avec la voiture;∎ I haven't driven all this way just to… je n'ai pas fait tout ce chemin juste pour…∎ to drive sb out of the house/of the country chasser qn de la maison/du pays;∎ we drove the cattle back into the shed nous avons fait rentrer le bétail dans l'étable;∎ the wind drove the snow up against the wall le vent chassait la neige contre le mur;∎ the waves drove the ship against the rocks les vagues ont jeté le navire contre les rochers;∎ the strong winds had driven the ship off course les vents forts avaient dévié le navire de sa route;∎ figurative her words drove all worries from his mind ses paroles lui ont fait complètement oublier ses soucis;∎ they have driven us into a corner ils nous ont mis au pied du mur∎ it doesn't pay to drive your workers too hard on ne gagne rien à surmener ses employés;∎ he drives himself too hard il se surmène∎ he was driven to it on lui a forcé la main;∎ driven by jealousy, he killed her il l'a tuée sous l'emprise de la jalousie;∎ it's enough to drive you to drink! cela vous pousserait un honnête homme à boire!;∎ it's driving him to drink cela le pousse à boire ou à la boisson;∎ the situation is driving me to despair/distraction la situation me pousse au désespoir/me rend fou (folle);∎ familiar to drive sb crazy or mad or up the wall rendre qn fou (folle);∎ familiar his performance drove the audience wild son spectacle a mis le public en délire∎ to drive a nail home enfoncer un clou;∎ figurative to drive a point home faire admettre son point de vue;∎ familiar I can't drive it into his thick head that… je n'arrive pas à faire comprendre à cet idiot que…;∎ to drive a hard bargain avoir toujours le dernier mot en affaires, être dur en affaires∎ driven by electricity marchant à l'électricité;∎ the pinion is driven in rotation le pignon est actionné par rotation∎ to drive a ball driver∎ do you or can you drive? savez-vous conduire?;∎ I don't drive (I never learned) je n'ai pas mon permis;∎ I was driving at 100 mph ≃ je roulais à 160 km/h;∎ we drove home/down to the coast nous sommes rentrés/descendus sur la côte en voiture;∎ they drove all night ils ont roulé toute la nuit;∎ are you walking or driving? êtes-vous à pied ou en voiture?;∎ who was driving? qui était au volant?;∎ how did you get here? - we drove down comment êtes-vous venus? - nous sommes venus ou descendus en voiture;∎ drive on the right roulez à droite, tenez votre droite;∎ they drove straight through the town ils ont traversé la ville sans s'y arrêter;∎ to drive while intoxicated or under the influence of alcohol conduire en état d'ivresse ou d'ébriété∎ familiar this car drives like a dream c'est un plaisir de conduire cette voiture□∎ rain was driving against the window la pluie fouettait les vitres3 noun(a) (trip in car) promenade f ou trajet m (en voiture);∎ we went for a drive nous avons fait une promenade ou un tour en voiture;∎ it's an hour's drive from here c'est à une heure d'ici en voiture;∎ it's a very pleasant drive to the coast la route est très belle jusqu'à la côte;∎ a 50-km drive un parcours ou un trajet de 50 km(b) (leading to house) allée f;∎ the car was parked in the drive la voiture était garée dans l'allée∎ we need someone with drive il nous faut quelqu'un de dynamique ou d'entreprenant;∎ to have plenty of drive être très dynamique;∎ he lacks drive il manque d'allant ou de dynamisme(e) (campaign) campagne f;∎ the company is having a sales drive la compagnie fait une campagne de vente∎ cattle drive rassemblement m du bétail∎ Cars four-wheel drive quatre roues motrices f inv, quatre-quatre m inv ou f inv∎ drive a:/b: unité f de disque a:/b:Technology (mechanism, device) d'entraînement, d'actionnement, de transmission(of river, wind) pousser, chasservouloir dire;∎ she didn't understand what he was driving at elle ne comprenait pas où il voulait en venir;∎ I see what you're driving at je vous vois venir(car) démarrer; (person) emmener en voiture; figurative (animal, intruder) chasser, éloigner; (friend) éloigner; (doubt, suspicion) écarter; (fear) chasser∎ the soldiers were driven back by heavy machine-gun fire les soldats furent repoussés par un puissant tir de mitrailleuse;∎ fear drove them back la peur leur a fait rebrousser cheminpasser (en voiture)(prices, inflation etc) faire baisser➲ drive in(frighten away) éloigner, chasser➲ drive on(continue trip) poursuivre sa route; (after stopping) reprendre la route(push) pousser, inciter;∎ she drove him on to work even harder elle l'a poussé à travailler encore plus∎ to drive out evil spirits (from a place) chasser les mauvais esprits; (from a person) chasser le mauvais œilvenir ou aller en voiture;∎ we drove over to visit some friends nous sommes allés en voiture rendre visite à des amis(crush) écraserconduire ou emmener en voiture∎ a car drove up to the door une voiture vint s'arrêter devant la porte -
91 even
I
1. i:vən adjective1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) uniforme, constante2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) liso, llano3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) regular4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) par5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) empatado6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) constante, tranquilo
2. verb1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) igualar2) (to make smooth or level.) allanar, nivelar•- evenly- evenness
- be/get even with
- an even chance
- even out
- even up
II i:vən adverb1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) ni siquiera2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) todavía más, aún más•- even if- even so
- even though
even1 adj1. llano / liso / plano2. uniforme / regular / constante3. igualado / empatadonow we're even! ¡ya estamos en paz!even2 adv1. hasta / incluso / aunthe weather is always bad, even in summer siempre hace mal tiempo, incluso en verano2. aún / todavíaMonday was cold, but today it's even colder el lunes hizo frío, pero hoy hace más aún3. ni siquieraeven though aunque / a pesar de quetr['iːvən]1 (level, flat) llano,-a, plano,-a; (smooth) liso,-a2 (regular, steady) uniforme, regular, constante3 (evenly balanced) igual, igualado,-a4 (equal in measure, quantity, number) igual■ add even amounts of milk and water añadir igual cantidad de leche y agua, añadir leche y agua a partes iguales5 (number) par6 (placid - character) apacible, tranquilo,-a; (- voice) imperturbable7 (on the same level as) a nivel ( with, de)1 hasta, incluso, aun■ it's always sunny, even in winter siempre hace sol, incluso en invierno■ it's open every day, even on Sundays abren cada día, incluso los domingos2 (with negative) siquiera, ni siquiera3 (before comparative) aun, todavía1 (level) nivelar, allanar2 (score) igualar; (situation) equilibrar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLeven as mientras, justo cuandoeven if aun si, aunqueeven now incluso ahora, aun ahoraeven so incluso así, aun así, a pesar de esoeven then incluso entonces, aun entonceseven though aunque, aun cuandoto be even with somebody estar en paz con alguiento break even cubrir gastosto get even with somebody desquitarse con alguien■ I'll get even with you! ¡me las pagarás!even chances cincuenta por ciento de posibilidadeseven ['i:vən] vt1) level: allanar, nivelar, emparejar2) equalize: igualar, equilibrareven vito even out : nivelarse, emparejarseeven adv1) : hasta, inclusoeven a child can do it: hasta un niño puede hacerlohe looked content, even happy: se le veía satisfecho, incluso felizhe didn't even try: ni siquiera lo intentóeven better: aún mejor, todavía mejor4)even if : aunque5)even so : aun así6)even though : aun cuando, a pesar de queeven adj1) smooth: uniforme, liso, parejo2) flat: plano, llano3) equal: igual, igualadoan even score: un marcador igualado4) regular: regular, constantean even pace: un ritmo constante5) exact: exacto, justo6) : pareven number: número par7)to be even : estar en paz, estar a mano8)to get even : desquitarse, vengarseadj.• exacto, -a adj.• igual adj.• imparcial adj.• liso, -a adj.• llano, -a adj.• par (Matemática) adj.• parejero, -a adj.• parejo, -a adj.• plano, -a adj.• uniforme adj.adv.• aun adv.• aún adv.• hasta adv.• incluso adv.• siquiera adv.conj.• aun conj.v.• allanar v.• igualar v.
I 'iːvən1)a) hasta, inclusoeven now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años
b) (with neg)c) (with comparative) aún, todavíathe next day was even colder — al día siguiente hizo aún or todavía más frío
2) (in phrases)even if — aunque (+ subj)
even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría
even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que
II
1)a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniformeb) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igualafter four rounds they're even — tras cuatro vueltas están or van igualados or empatados
so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano
to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios
to get even with — desquitarse, vengarse*
I'll get even with her — me las pagará
3) ( divisible by two) < number> par
III
1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar•Phrasal Verbs:- even out- even up['iːvǝn]1. ADJ1) (=smooth, flat) [surface, ground] planoto make sth even — nivelar algo, allanar algo
2) (=uniform) [speed, temperature, progress] constante; [breathing] regular; [distribution, colour, work] uniformekeel3) (=equal) [quantities, distances] igual; [distribution] equitativo•
to break even — llegar a cubrir los gastos•
he has an even chance of winning the election — (Brit) tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar las elecciones que de perderlas, tiene un cincuenta por ciento de posibilidades de ganar las elecciones•
to get even with sb — ajustar cuentas con algnI'll get even with you for that! — ¡me las pagarás por eso! *
•
that makes us even — (in game) así quedamos empatados; (regarding money) así quedamos en paz or (LAm) a mano•
they are an even match — (in sports, games) los dos son igual de buenos; (fig) no le tiene nada que envidiar el uno al otro•
I'll give you even money that Arsenal will win — (Brit) para mí que Arsenal tiene las mismas posibilidades de ganar que de perder•
our score is even — estamos igualados or empatados•
to be even with sb — (in game) estar igualado con algn; (regarding money) estar en paz or (LAm) a mano con algn- give sb an even breakeven-handed, even-stevens4) (=calm)even-tempered5) (=not odd) [number] par2. ADV1) hasta, inclusoI have even forgotten his name — hasta or incluso he olvidado su nombre
even on Sundays — hasta or incluso los domingos
even the priest was there — hasta or incluso el cura estaba allí
pick them all, even the little ones — recógelos todos incluso los pequeños
even I know that! — ¡eso lo sé hasta yo!
2) (with compar adj or adv) aún, todavíaeven faster — aún or todavía más rápido
even better — aún or todavía mejor
even more easily — aún or todavía más fácilmente
even less money — aún or todavía menos dinero
•
not even... — ni siquiera...don't even think about it! — ¡ni lo pienses!
•
without even reading it — sin leerlo siquiera4) (in phrases)•
even as, even as he spoke the door opened — en ese mismo momento se abrió la puertaeven as he had wished it — frm exactamente como él lo había deseado
even if you tried — aunque lo intentaras, incluso si lo intentaras, así lo procuraras (LAm)
•
not... even if, not even if, he won't talk to you even if you do go there — no hablará contigo aunque vayas allíI couldn't be prouder, not even if you were my own son — no me sentiría más orgulloso, aunque fuera mi propio hijo
even now, you could still change your mind — todavía estás a tiempo de cambiar de idea
•
even so — aun asíeven so he was disappointed — aun así, quedó decepcionado
yes but even so... — sí, pero aun así...
he didn't listen, even though he knew I was right — no me hizo caso, aunque sabía que tenía razón
he never gets depressed, even when things go badly — nunca se deprime, incluso or ni siquiera cuando las cosas andan mal
we were never in love, not even when we got married — nunca estuvimos enamorados, ni siquiera cuando nos casamos
3. VT1) (=smooth, flatten) [+ surface, ground] nivelar, allanar2) (=equalize) igualar•
to even the score — (lit) igualar el marcadorhe was determined to even the score — (=get revenge) estaba decidido or empeñado a desquitarse
4.evensNPL (esp Brit)the bookmakers are offering evens — los corredores de apuestas ofrecen el doble de la cantidad aportada
- even out- even up* * *
I ['iːvən]1)a) hasta, inclusoeven now, five years later — incluso ahora, cuando ya han pasado cinco años
b) (with neg)c) (with comparative) aún, todavíathe next day was even colder — al día siguiente hizo aún or todavía más frío
2) (in phrases)even if — aunque (+ subj)
even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you — aunque lo supiera, no te lo diría
even though — aun cuando, a pesar de que
II
1)a) (flat, smooth) <ground/surface> plano; < coat of paint> uniformeb) (regular, uniform) <color/lighting> uniforme, parejo (AmL); < breathing> acompasado, regular; < temperature> constante2) ( equal) < distribution> equitativo, igualafter four rounds they're even — tras cuatro vueltas están or van igualados or empatados
so now we're even o so that makes us even — así que estamos en paz or (AmL tb) a mano
to break even — recuperar los gastos, no tener* ni pérdidas ni beneficios
to get even with — desquitarse, vengarse*
I'll get even with her — me las pagará
3) ( divisible by two) < number> par
III
1) ( level) \<\<surface\>\> allanar, nivelar2) ( make equal) \<\<score\>\> igualar; \<\<contest/situation\>\> equilibrar•Phrasal Verbs:- even out- even up -
92 redoubler
redoubler [ʀ(ə)duble]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = accroître) to increaseb. [+ syllabe] to reduplicatec. redoubler (une classe) [élève] to repeat a year• redoubler de prudence/de vigilance to be extra careful/vigilant3. intransitive verbto increase ; [cris] to get even louder* * *ʀ(ə)duble
1.
1) École2) Linguistique to reduplicate [consonne, syllabe]
2.
redoubler de verbe transitif indirectredoubler de prudence/d'égards — to be twice as careful/attentive
3.
verbe intransitif1) École to repeat a year2) ( s'intensifier) to intensify* * *ʀ(ə)duble1. vi1) ÉDUCATION to repeat a yearIl a raté son examen et doit redoubler. — He's failed his exam and will have to repeat the year.
2) [tempête, violence] to intensifyLe vent redouble de violence. — The wind is blowing twice as hard.
3) [personne]redoubler d'efforts — to redouble one's efforts, to try twice as hard
2. vt1) ÉDUCATION, [classe] to repeat2) LINGUISTIQUE, [lettre] to double* * *redoubler verb table: aimerA vtr1 Scol redoubler une classe to repeat a year;2 Ling to reduplicate [consonne, syllabe];3 ( intensifier) les événements récents ont redoublé sa méfiance recent events have made him/her twice as wary ou have made her even more wary.B redoubler de vtr ind redoubler de prudence/d'égards to be twice as ou much more careful/attentive; redoubler d'efforts to redouble one's efforts, to work twice as hard; il te faut redoubler de vigilance you need to be twice as vigilant ou extra vigilant; la bataille/tempête a redoublé de violence the fighting/storm has got GB ou gotten US even fiercer.C vi1 Scol to repeat a year;2 ( s'intensifier) to intensify; la pluie a redoublé it's raining even harder; sa rage a redoublé he became even more enraged.[rəduble] verbe transitif1. [rendre double]a. [plus fort] to knock even harder ou with renewed vigourb. [plus vite] to knock even more urgently2. ÉDUCATION————————[rəduble] verbe intransitif————————redoubler de verbe plus prépositionredoubler d'efforts to strive doubly hard, to redouble one's effortsredoubler de patience to be doubly ou extra patientredoubler de ruse to be doubly ou extra cunning -
93 yet
1. [jet] adv1. 1) до сих пор; (пока) ещёI have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear valuable advice - я прожил на земле уже тридцать лет, и пока ещё никто не дал мне ценного совета
as yet - пока ещё; до сих пор
as yet we have not made any plans for the holiday - пока ещё /пока что/ у нас нет никаких планов на праздники
never yet - никогда ещё не...
there was never yet philosopher that could enpure the toothache patiently ( Shakespeare) - такого нет философа на свете, чтобы зубную боль сносил спокойно
2) ещё, к тому времени, к тому моментуwhen I came he had not yet got up - когда я пришёл, он ещё был в постели
when dawn broke the reinforcements had not yet arrived - к рассвету подкрепления ещё не подошли
2. уже (теперь); пока; (пока) ещё ( в вопросительном и отрицательном предложениях)is it time to go yet? - уже пора идти?
is he back yet? - он уже вернулся?
have you heard yet? - вы уже слышали?
has the mail arrived yet? - почта уже пришла?
are they here yet? - они (всё) ещё здесь?
3. (всё) ещёis he yet alive? - он ещё жив?
4. когда-либо, до сих порthe largest diamond yet found - самый большой бриллиант из найденных до сих пор
I have never found a fault in him yet - я ещё никогда у него не находил недостатков
5. когда-нибудь, (когда-нибудь) ещё; всё жеI'll do it yet! - я ещё это сделаю!
6. ещё (кроме того, в дополнение)yet another - ещё один; новый
yet another attempt - ещё одна /новая/ попытка
7. усил. ещё; даже (более)the wind was strong yesterday, but today it's stronger yet - вчера уже был сильный ветер, но сегодня он ещё сильнее
she would not do it for him, nor yet for me - она не хотела сделать это для него и даже для меня
I have never voted for him, nor yet intend to - я никогда не голосовал за него, да и не собираюсь
8. тем не менее, всё же, всё-такиstrange and yet very true - странно, но тем не менее верно
9. ( с оборотом not... nor...) (не только...) но и неnot finished nor yet started - не только не закончено, но и не начато
not me nor yet you - не я, но (уж) и не вы
10. поэт.:2. [jet] cjно, однако; хотя; всё же, тем не менее, несмотря на это ( часто and yet, but yet, yet nevertheless)the work is good, yet it could be better - работа хорошая, но (всё же) могла бы быть лучше
it seems proved, yet I doubt it - хотя это как будто и доказано, но /тем не менее/ я сомневаюсь
he worked well, (and) yet he failed - он хорошо работал, однако /но несмотря на это/ потерпел неудачу
although he didn't promise, yet I think he'll do it - хотя он и не обещал, я думаю, он это сделает
not very good, yet not bad - не очень хорошо, но и не плохо
he is old, yet energetic - он стар, но энергичен
-
94 fort
fort, e [fɔʀ, fɔʀt]━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. adverb━━━━━━━━━1. <a. strong• c'est une forte tête he (or she) is a rebel► fort de• fort de son expérience, il... wiser for this experience, he...b. ( = gros) [personne, poitrine] large ; [hanches] broadc. ( = intense) [bruit, voix] loud ; [dégoût, crainte] great ; [douleur, chaleur] intense ; [fièvre] highd. ( = raide) [pente] steepe. ( = violent) [secousse, coup] hard ; [houle, pluies] heavyf. ( = excessif) (inf) c'est trop fort ! that's going too far!• et le plus fort, c'est que... and the best part of it is that...g. ( = important) (avant le nom) [somme, dose] large ; [baisse, différence, augmentation] big ; [consommation] high2. <a. ( = intensément) [lancer, serrer, souffler, frapper] hardb. ( = bruyamment) loudlyc. ( = beaucoup) greatly► fort bien [dessiné, dit, conservé] extremely well• fort bien ! excellent!3. <a. ( = forteresse) fortc. ( = spécialité) forted. ► au plus fort de... at the height of...* * *
1.
forte fɔʀ, fɔʀt adjectif1) ( puissant) strongarmée forte de 10000 hommes — 10,000-strong army
forts de leur expérience... — boosted by their experience...
2) ( résistant) strong3) ( intense) [bruit] loud; [lumière] bright; [chaleur, activité, pression] intense; [crampe] bad; [fièvre] high; [soupçon] strong; [crainte, colère] deep4) ( violent) [coup] hard; [pluie] heavy; [vent] strong5) ( concentré) [café, cigarette, alcool] strong; [épice] hot6) ( net) [accent, personnalité, odeur, tendance, impression] strong; [pente] steep; [somme, majorité, réduction] large; [taux, inflation, consommation] high; [expansion, pénurie] great; [baisse, augmentation] sharp; [différence] big; [contingent, dose, croissance] strong7) ( doué) good (en, à at; pour faire at doing)il est fort pour ne rien faire — hum he's good at doing nothing
8) ( ferme) [personne] strong9) ( gros) [personne] stout; [hanches] broad; [poitrine] large; [cuisses] big10) (colloq) ( exagéré)c'est un peu fort! — that's a bit much! (colloq)
le plus fort, c'est que... — ( surprenant) the most amazing thing is that...; ( absurde) the most ridiculous thing is that...
2.
1) ( très) [bon, déçu, émouvant] extremely; [bien, vite] very2) ( beaucoup) [douter] very muchj'ai eu fort à faire (colloq) pour le convaincre — I had a hard job convincing him
3) ( avec force) [frapper, tirer, frotter] hard; [serrer] tight; [respirer] deeply; [parler, crier] loudly; [sentir] stronglyy aller un peu fort — (colloq) to go a bit too far
4) ( bien) wellfaire or frapper (très) fort — (colloq) to do (really) well
attaquer très fort — (colloq) to start off really well
3.
nom masculin1) ( ouvrage fortifié) fort2) ( personne puissante) strong person3) ( domaine d'excellence) strong point, forte
4.
au plus fort de locution prépositivePhrasal Verbs:••fort comme un bœuf or Turc — strong as an ox
c'est plus fort que moi/qu'elle — ( incontrôlable) I/she just can't help it
c'est plus fort que l'as de pique (colloq) or que de jouer au bouchon — (colloq) that beats it all, that takes the biscuit (colloq)
* * *fɔʀ, fɔʀt fort, -e1. adj1) (physiquement, politiquement, économiquement) strong2) (par le goût, l'effet, la sensation) (café, médicament, odeur) strong, (sauce) hot, (alcool) strongLe café est trop fort. — The coffee's too strong.
4) (= corpulent) large5) (= doué)Il est très fort en espagnol. — He's very good at Spanish.
fort de; fort de son expérience — with a wealth of experience
à plus forte raison — even more so, all the more reason
2. adv1) [serrer, frapper] hard2) [sonner] loudly3) soutenu (= très) mostC'est fort désagréable. — It's most unpleasant.
fort bien... (avec adjectif) — very well...
fort peu loquace — not at all talkative, (emploi pronominal) very few
4) (= beaucoup) greatly, very muchIl appréciait fort sa compagnie. — He very much enjoyed his company.
3. nm1) (= édifice) fort2) (= point fort) strong point, forte3) (emploi substantivé, généralement pluriel) (personne, pays)au plus fort de (= au milieu de) — in the thick of, at the height of
* * *A adj1 ( puissant) [personne, pays, monnaie, économie, lunettes, médicament] strong; armée forte de 10 000 hommes 10,000-strong army; notre compagnie est forte de 30 appareils Aviat our airline can boast 30 aircraft; fort d'un chiffre d'affaires en hausse/de trois joueurs internationaux… boasting an increased turnover/three international players…; forts de leur approbation/expérience… boosted ou fortified by their approval/experience…; le roi est plus fort que la dame Jeux a king is worth more than a queen; trouver plus fort que soi to meet one's match; s'attaquer or s'en prendre à plus fort que soi to take on someone bigger than oneself; ⇒ partie;2 ( résistant) [carton, papier, colle] strong;3 ( intense) [bruit] loud; [lumière] bright; [chaleur, activité, pression] intense; [crampe, douleur] bad; [fièvre] high; [sentiment, soupçon] strong; [crainte, colère, mécontentement] deep; une forte grippe a bad attack of flu; avoir une forte envie de faire to feel a strong desire to do;5 ( concentré) [café, cigarette, alcool, moutarde] strong; [épice, piment, curry] hot; un vin fort a strong wine, a wine with a high degree of alcohol; au sens fort du mot fig in the fullest sense of the word;7 ( ample) [somme, majorité, réduction] large; [concentration, taux, inflation] high; [demande, consommation] high, heavy; [expansion, pénurie] great; [baisse, augmentation] sharp; [croissance] strong; [différence] big; [délégation, contingent, dose] strong; forte émigration/abstention high level of emigration/abstention; de forte puissance very powerful;8 ( doué) good (en, à at; pour faire at doing); ceux qui sont forts en latin those who are good at Latin; il est fort pour ne rien faire iron he's good at doing nothing;9 ( ferme) [personne] strong; rester fort dans le malheur to remain strong in adversity; je me fais fort de la convaincre I feel confident ou I am sure that I can convince her;10 ( gros) [personne] stout; [hanches] broad; [poitrine] large; [cuisses] big; être forte de poitrine to have a large bust;11 ○( exagéré) c'est un peu fort! that's a bit much○!; ( prix) that's a bit steep○!; le plus fort, c'est que… ( surprenant) the most amazing thing is that…; ( absurde) the most ridiculous thing is that…B adv1 ( très) [bon, déçu, émouvant, mécontent] extremely; [bien, logiquement, vite] very; fort recherché/demandé very much sought after/in demand; c'est fort dommage it's a great pity, it's extremely regrettable;2 ( beaucoup) [douter, soupçonner] very much; avoir fort à faire○ to have a lot to do; j'ai eu fort à faire○ pour le convaincre I had a hard job convincing him;3 ( avec force) [frapper, tirer, pousser, frotter] hard; [serrer] tight; [respirer] deeply; [parler, crier] loudly; [sentir] strongly; [coller] firmly; souffle fort! blow hard!; le vent souffle fort there's a strong wind; parler de plus en plus fort to speak louder and louder; mon cœur bat trop fort my heart is beating too fast; le chauffage marche trop fort the heating is turned up too high; dire haut et fort to say loud and clear; y aller un peu fort○ to go a bit too far; y aller un peu fort sur la moutarde/le sel to overdo the mustard/the salt; revenir très fort [coureur, équipe] to make a strong comeback;4 ( bien) well; il ne va pas très fort he's not very well; (moi) ça ne va pas très fort I'm not all that well○; chez eux ça ne va pas très fort things aren't going so well for them; marcher fort [entreprise] to do well; faire or frapper (très) fort○ to do (really) well; attaquer or commencer très fort○ to start off really well.C nm3 ( domaine d'excellence) strong point; les échecs ne sont pas mon fort chess is not my strong point; la générosité n'est pas ton fort generosity is not your strong point.D au plus fort de loc prép au plus fort de l'été/de l'incendie at the height of summer/of the fire; au plus fort de l'hiver in the depths of winter; au plus fort de la bataille in the thick of the fighting; au plus fort de la pluie in the middle of the downpour.fort des halles market porter; fig Goliath; fort en thème○ Scol swot○ GB, grind○ US; forte tête rebel.fort comme un bœuf or Turc strong as an ox; c'est plus fort que moi/qu'elle ( incontrôlable) I/she just can't help it; c'est plus fort que l'as de pique○ or que de jouer au bouchon that beats it all, that takes the biscuit○.( féminin forte) [fɔr, fɔrt] adjectifA.[QUI A DE LA PUISSANCE, DE L'EFFET]1. [vigoureux - personne, bras] strong, sturdy ; [ - vent] strong, high ; [ - courant, jet] strong ; [ - secousse] hard ; [ - pluies] heavyfort comme un Turc ou un bœuf as strong as an ox2. [d'une grande résistance morale]rester fort dans l'adversité to remain strong ou to stand firm in the face of adversity3. [autoritaire, contraignant - régime] strong-arm (avant nom)4. [puissant - syndicat, parti, économie] strong, powerful ; [ - monnaie] strong, hard ; [ - carton, loupe, tranquillisant] strongcolle (très) forte (super) ou extra strong glueB.[MARQUÉ]1. [épais, corpulent - jambes] big, thick ; [ - personne] stout, large ; [ - hanches] broad, large, wide2. [important quantitativement - dénivellation] steep, pronounced ; [ - accent] strong, pronounced, marked ; [ - fièvre, taux] high ; [ - hausse] large ; [ - somme] large, big ; [ - concentration] high ; [ - bruit] loud ; [ - différence] great, big3. [grand, intense - amour, haine] strong, intense ; [ - douleur] intense, great ; [ - influence] strong, big, great ; [ - propension] markedavoir une forte volonté to be strong-willed, to have a strong will4. [café, thé, moutarde, tabac] strong[odeur] strong5. (familier & locution)le plus fort, c'est qu'il avait raison! the best of it is that he was right!C.[HABILE] [compétent, doué]le marketing, c'est là qu'il est fort/que sa société est forte marketing is his/his company's strong pointpour donner des leçons, elle est très forte! she's very good at lecturing people!fort en gymnastique/en langues very good at gymnastics/at languages————————adverbe1. [avec vigueur - taper, tirer] hard[avec intensité]mets le gaz plus/moins fort turn the gas up/downparle plus fort, on ne t'entend pas speak up, we can't hear youmets le son plus/moins fort turn the sound up/down3. (soutenu) [très]fort bien, partons à midi! very well, let's leave at noon!4. (locution)là, tu as fait très fort! you've really excelled yourself!————————nom masculin1. [physiquement, moralement][intellectuellement]2. [spécialité] forte3. [forteresse] fort————————au (plus) fort de locution prépositionnelle -
95 yet
1. adjтеперішній; нинішній; який поки що існує2. adv1) ще, все ще2) уже3) досі, до цього часу4) до того часу, до того моменту; ще5) коли-небудь ще; все-таки6) ще (крім того, додатково)7) навіть; навіть більшеhe will not accept help nor yet advice — він не прийме ні допомоги, ні навіть поради
8) проте, все жit seems proved, and yet I doubt — це, здається, доведено, але все ж я сумніваюся
it is strange and yet true — це дивно, проте правильно
3. conjале, проте, однак; все ж, все-таки; незважаючи на цеhe is old, yet energetic — він старий, проте енергійний
* * *I [jet] adv1) до цього часу; (e/і) досі; ( все) ще; на той час, до того часу3) ( все) ще4) досі, до цього часу, будь-коли5) коли-небудь, ( коли-небудь) ще; все ж ( таки)6) ще (крім того, на додаток)7) ще; навіть ( більш)8) проте, все ж, все-таки9) (не тільки...) (зі зворотом not... nor...) та/але е не10) пoeт.I haven't done it yet — я (е) е досі ще цього не зробив
I have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear valuable advice — я прожив на землі вже тридцять років, досі ще ніхто не дав мені цінної поради
as yet we have not made any plans for the holiday — ще е досі / ( все) ще у нас немає ніяких планів на свята
never yet — ніколи ще не...
there was never yet philosopher that could endure the toothache patiently (Shakespeare) — нема такого філософа на світі, щоб зубний біль спокійно зносив
when I came he had not yet got up — коли я прийшов, він ще був в ліжку
they're not selling tickets yet — квитків ( досі) ще не продають
he loves her yet — он ( все) ще її кохає
he may surprise you yet — він ще ( коли-небудь) може вас здивувати
yet another attempt — ще одна /нова/ спроба
a yet harder task — ( навіть) ще важче завдання
nearer and yet nearer — все ближче, ближче
the wind was strong yesterday, but today it's stronger yet — вчора був сильний вітер, але сьогодні він ще сильніший
she would not do it for him, nor yet for me — вона не хотіла зробити це для нього, навіть для мене
I have never voted for him, nor yet intend to — я ніколи не голосував за нього, та, не збираюсь
strange and yet very true — дивно, проте вірно
not finished nor yet started — не тільки не закінчене, але, не почате
II [jet]not me nor yet you — не я, але, не ви
cj проте, однак; все ж, все-таки; незважаючи на це (часто and yet, but yet, yet nevertheless)the work is good, yet it could be better — робота хороша, однак (все ж таки) могла б бути краще
it seems proved, yet I doubt it — хоча це неначе, доведено, але /проте/ однак я сумніваюся
he worked well, (and) yet he failed — він добре працював, проте /незважаючи на це програв
although he didn't promise, yet I think he'll do it — хоча він, не обіцяв, я думаю, він це зробить
not very good, yet not bad — не дуже добре, але, не погано
he is old, yet energetic — він старий, але енергійний
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96 yet
I [jet] adv1) до цього часу; (e/і) досі; ( все) ще; на той час, до того часу3) ( все) ще4) досі, до цього часу, будь-коли5) коли-небудь, ( коли-небудь) ще; все ж ( таки)6) ще (крім того, на додаток)7) ще; навіть ( більш)8) проте, все ж, все-таки9) (не тільки...) (зі зворотом not... nor...) та/але е не10) пoeт.I haven't done it yet — я (е) е досі ще цього не зробив
I have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear valuable advice — я прожив на землі вже тридцять років, досі ще ніхто не дав мені цінної поради
as yet we have not made any plans for the holiday — ще е досі / ( все) ще у нас немає ніяких планів на свята
never yet — ніколи ще не...
there was never yet philosopher that could endure the toothache patiently (Shakespeare) — нема такого філософа на світі, щоб зубний біль спокійно зносив
when I came he had not yet got up — коли я прийшов, він ще був в ліжку
they're not selling tickets yet — квитків ( досі) ще не продають
he loves her yet — он ( все) ще її кохає
he may surprise you yet — він ще ( коли-небудь) може вас здивувати
yet another attempt — ще одна /нова/ спроба
a yet harder task — ( навіть) ще важче завдання
nearer and yet nearer — все ближче, ближче
the wind was strong yesterday, but today it's stronger yet — вчора був сильний вітер, але сьогодні він ще сильніший
she would not do it for him, nor yet for me — вона не хотіла зробити це для нього, навіть для мене
I have never voted for him, nor yet intend to — я ніколи не голосував за нього, та, не збираюсь
strange and yet very true — дивно, проте вірно
not finished nor yet started — не тільки не закінчене, але, не почате
II [jet]not me nor yet you — не я, але, не ви
cj проте, однак; все ж, все-таки; незважаючи на це (часто and yet, but yet, yet nevertheless)the work is good, yet it could be better — робота хороша, однак (все ж таки) могла б бути краще
it seems proved, yet I doubt it — хоча це неначе, доведено, але /проте/ однак я сумніваюся
he worked well, (and) yet he failed — він добре працював, проте /незважаючи на це програв
although he didn't promise, yet I think he'll do it — хоча він, не обіцяв, я думаю, він це зробить
not very good, yet not bad — не дуже добре, але, не погано
he is old, yet energetic — він старий, але енергійний
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97 AT
I) prep.A. with dative.I. Of motion;1) towards, against;Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;2) close atup to;Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;3) to, at;koma at landi, to come to land;ganga at dómi, to go into court;ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;5) denoting hostility;renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;6) around;vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;7) denoting business, engagement;ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.II. Of position, &c.;1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;at kirkju, at church;at dómi, in court;at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;2) denoting participation in;vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;4) with proper names of places (farms);konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;at Marðar, at Mara’s home;at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).III. Of time;1) at, in;at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;at páskum, at Easter;at kveldi, at eventide;at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;at fjöru, at the ebb;at flœðum, at the floodtide;2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;at ári komanda, next year;at vári, er kemr, next spring;generally with ‘komanda’ understood;at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;at honum önduðum, after his death;4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.IV. fig. and in various uses;1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;verða at ormi, to become a snake;2) for, as;gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;3) by;taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;4) as regards as to;auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);aðili at sök = aðili sakar;7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;at landslögum, by the law of the land;at vánum, as was to be expected;at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;10) in adverbial phrases;gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;at fullu, fully;at vísu, surely;at frjálsu, freely;at eilífu, for ever and ever;at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;2) in an objective sense;hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;hón grét at meir, she wept the more;þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.conj., that;1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);4) since, because, as (= því at);5) connected with þó, því, svá;þó at (with subj.), though, although;því at, because, for;svá at, so that;6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;áðr at (= á. en), before;7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.V)negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.odda at, Yggs at, battle.* * *1.and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.WITH DAT.A. LOC.I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.B. TEMP.I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.C. METAPH. and in various cases:I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.V. denoting the source of a thing:1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.IX. following many words:1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.WITH ACC.TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.2.and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.I. it is used either,1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.3.and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.II. it is used,1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.III. used in connection with conjunctions,1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.IV. as a relat. conj.:1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.4.and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.5.n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.6.the negative verbal suffix, v. -a. -
98 fall
A n1 lit (of person, horse, rocks, curtain) chute f (from de) ; (of snow, hail) chutes fpl ; (of earth, soot) éboulement m ; (of axe, hammer, dice) coup m ; a fall of 20 metres, a 20-metre fall une chute de 20 mètres ; a heavy fall of rain une grosse averse ; to have a fall faire une chute, tomber ;2 (in temperature, shares, production, demand, quality, popularity) baisse f (in de) ; ( more drastic) chute f (in de) ; the pound has suffered a sharp fall/a slight fall la livre a subi une forte chute/une légère baisse ; a fall in value une dépréciation ; a fall of 10% to 125 une baisse de 10% pour arriver à 125 ;3 (of leader, regime, empire, fortress, town) chute f ; ( of monarchy) renversement m ; ( of seat) perte f ; the government's fall from power la chute du gouvernement ;6 (in pitch, intonation) descente f ;1 ( come down) tomber ; falling rain la pluie qui tombe ; he was hurt by falling masonry il a été blessé par une pierre qui tombait de la façade ; to fall 10 metres tomber de 10 mètres ; five centimetres of snow fell il est tombé cinq centimètres de neige ; to fall from ou out of tomber de [boat, nest, bag, hands] ; to fall off ou from tomber de [chair, table, roof, bike, wall] ; the skirt falls in pleats from a waistband la jupe tombe en plis à partir de la ceinture ; to fall on tomber sur [person, town] ; it fell on my head cela m'est tombé sur la tête ; to fall on the floor tomber par terre ; to fall on one's back tomber sur le dos ; to fall in ou into tomber dans [bath, river, sink] ; to fall down tomber dans [hole, shaft, stairs] ; to fall under tomber sous [table] ; passer sous [bus, train] ; to fall through passer à travers [ceiling, hole] ; to fall through the air tomber dans le vide ; to fall to earth tomber sur terre ; to fall to the floor ou to the ground tomber par terre ;2 ( drop) [speed, volume, quality, standard, level] diminuer ; [temperature, price, inflation, wages, production, number, attendance, morale] baisser ; ( more dramatically) chuter ○, tomber ; to fall (by) baisser de [amount, percentage] ; to fall to descendre à [amount, place] ; to fall from descendre de ; to fall below zero/5% descendre au-dessous de zéro/5% ; to fall in the charts perdre des places dans le hit-parade ;3 ( yield position) tomber ; to fall from power tomber ; to fall to tomber aux mains de [enemy, allies] ; the seat fell to Labour le siège a été perdu au profit des travaillistes ;5 fig ( descend) [darkness, night, beam, silence, gaze] tomber (on sur) ; [blame] retomber (on sur) ; [shadow] se projeter (over sur) ; suspicion fell on her husband les soupçons se sont portés sur son mari ;6 ( occur) [stress] tomber (on sur) ; Christmas falls on a Monday Noël tombe un lundi ; to fall into/outside a category rentrer/ne pas rentrer dans une catégorie ; to fall under the heading of… se trouver sous la rubrique de… ;7 ( be incumbent on) it falls to sb to do c'est à qn de faire, c'est à qn qu'il incombe de faire fml ;8 ( throw oneself) to fall into bed/into a chair se laisser tomber sur son lit/dans un fauteuil ; to fall to ou on one's knees tomber à genoux ; to fall at sb's feet se jeter aux pieds de qn ; to fall into sb's/each other's arms tomber dans les bras de qn/l'un de l'autre ; to fall on each other s'embrasser, tomber dans les bras l'un de l'autre ; to fall on sb's neck se jeter au cou de qn ;9 [ground] = fall away 2 ;10 Relig succomber ;11 GB dial ( get pregnant) tomber enceinte.did he fall or was he pushed? hum est-ce qu'il est parti de lui-même ou est-ce qu'on l'a forcé? ; the bigger you are ou the higher you climb, the harder you fall plus dure sera la chute ; to stand or fall on sth reposer sur qch, dépendre de qch.1 [bike, table] être délabré ; [shoes] être usé ; [car, house, hotel] tomber en ruine ;2 [marriage, country] se désagréger ;3 ○ [person] craquer ○, perdre ses moyens.1 [paint, plaster] se détacher (from de) ;2 [ground] descendre en pente (to vers) ;3 [demand, support, numbers] diminuer.■ fall back on:▶ fall back on [sth] avoir recours à [savings, parents, old method] ; to have something to fall back on avoir quelque chose sur quoi se rabattre.■ fall behind:▶ fall behind [runner, country, student] se laisser distancer ; [work, studies] prendre du retard ; to fall behind with GB ou in US prendre du retard dans [work, project] ; être en retard pour [payments, rent, correspondence] ;▶ fall behind [sth/sb] se laisser devancer par [horses, classmates, competitors].■ fall down:1 lit [person, child, tree, poster] tomber ; [tent, wall, house, scaffolding] s'effondrer ; this whole place is falling down tout tombe en ruine ici ;2 GB fig [argument, comparison, plan] faiblir ; where he falls down is… là où il faiblit, c'est… ; to fall down on échouer à cause de [detail, question, obstacle] ; to fall down on a promise/on the job être incapable de tenir sa promesse/de faire le travail.■ fall for:▶ fall for [sth] se laisser prendre à, se faire avoir ○ par [trick, story] ;▶ fall for [sb] tomber amoureux/-euse de [person].■ fall in1 [sides, walls, roof] s'écrouler, s'effondrer ;■ fall in with:▶ fall in with [sth/sb]1 ( get involved with) faire la connaissance de [group] ; to fall in with a bad crowd avoir de mauvaises fréquentations ;2 ( go along with) se conformer à [timetable, plans, action] ;3 ( be consistent with) être conforme à [expectations, concerns].■ fall off1 lit [person, leaf, hat, label] tomber ;2 fig [attendance, takings, sales, output] diminuer ; [enthusiasm, standard, quality] baisser ; [support, interest] retomber ; [curve on graph] décroître.■ fall on:▶ fall on [sth] se jeter sur [food, treasure] ;▶ fall on [sb] attaquer, tomber sur [person].■ fall out:▶ fall out1 [page, contact lens] tomber ; his hair/tooth fell out il a perdu ses cheveux/une dent ;3 ○ ( quarrel) se brouiller, se fâcher (over à propos de) ; to fall out with sb GB ( quarrel) se brouiller or se fâcher avec qn ; US ( have fight) se disputer avec qn ; I've fallen out with him GB je suis brouillé or fâché avec lui ;■ fall over:▶ fall over [sth] trébucher sur [object] ; to fall over oneself to help sb ○ se mettre en quatre ○ pour aider qn ; people were fall ing over themselves to buy shares c'était à qui achèterait les actions.■ fall through [plans, deal] échouer, tomber à l'eau ○.■ fall to:▶ fall to attaquer ;▶ fall to doing se mettre à faire. -
99 chercher
chercher [∫εʀ∫e]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. to look for ; [+ ombre, lumière, tranquillité, gloire, succès, faveur] to seek ; [+ danger, mort] to court ; [+ citation, heure de train] to look up ; [+ nom, terme] to try to remember• attends, je cherche wait a minute, I'm trying to think• chercher partout qch/qn to search everywhere for sth/sb• chercher une aiguille dans une botte or meule de foin to look for a needle in a haystack• tu me cherches ? (inf) are you looking for trouble?b. ( = prendre, acheter) aller chercher qch to go for sth• qu'est-ce que tu vas chercher là ? how do you make that out?• ça va chercher dans les 300 € it'll come to around 300 eurosc. ( = essayer) chercher à faire qch to try to do sth2. reflexive verb► se chercher ( = chercher sa voie) to search for an identity* * *ʃɛʀʃe
1.
1) ( essayer de trouver) to look for‘cherchons vendeuses’ — ‘sales assistants wanted’
2) ( s'efforcer)3) ( prendre)aller chercher quelqu'un/qch — gén to go and get somebody/sth; ( passer prendre) to pick somebody/sth up
aller chercher quelque chose — [chien] to fetch something
4) ( r éfléchir à) to try to find [réponse, idées]; to look for [prétexte, excuse]; ( se souvenir de) to try to remember [nom]j'ai beau chercher, impossible de m'en souvenir — I've thought and thought and still can't remember it
5) ( imaginer)6) ( atteindre)ça va chercher dans les 500 euros — it must fetch GB ou get US about 500 euros
7) ( aller à la rencontre de) to look for [complications]
2.
se chercher verbe pronominal1)un écrivain qui se cherche — ( raison d'être) a writer trying to find himself; (style, idées) a writer who is feeling his way
2)3) (colloq) ( se provoquer) to be out to get each other (colloq)* * *ʃɛʀʃe vt1) [chose, solution, recette] to look forJe cherche mes clés. — I'm looking for my keys.
2) [un mot dans un dictionnaire] to look upIl cherchait 'vertugadin' dans le dictionnaire. — He was looking up 'vertugadin' in the dictionary.
3)aller chercher [du pain, du lait] — to go to get, [le docteur, un plombier] to go and get, [une visite à la gare] to pick up
Elle est allée chercher du pain pour ce midi. — She's gone to get some bread for lunch.
Va chercher du lait pour la voisine. — Go and get some milk for the lady next door.
Va vite chercher le docteur. — Quick, go and get the doctor.
J'irai te chercher à la gare. — I'll pick you up at the station.
4) [gloire, succès] to seek5) (= tenter, essayer)chercher à faire — to try to do, to attempt to do
* * *chercher verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( essayer de trouver) to look for [personne, objet, vérité]; to look for, to try to find [emploi, repos, appartement]; cela fait une heure que je vous cherche I've been looking for you for the past hour; chercher un mot dans le dictionnaire to look up a word in the dictionary; chercher qn du regard dans la foule to look (about) for sb in the crowd; ‘cherchons vendeuses’ ‘sales assistants wanted’; son regard cherchait celui de sa femme he sought his wife's eye; il cherche son chemin he's trying to find his way; elle chercha quelques pièces de monnaie dans sa poche she felt for some coins in her pocket; cherche mieux look harder ou more carefully; tu n'as pas bien cherché you didn't look hard enough; chercher le sommeil to try to get some sleep; chercher l'aventure to look for ou seek adventure; chercher fortune to seek one's fortune; ne cherchez plus! look no further!; cherche mon chien, cherche! fetch, boy, fetch!; ⇒ aiguille, bête, pou;2 ( s'efforcer) chercher à faire to try to do; je cherche à vous joindre depuis ce matin I've been trying to contact you since this morning; il cherchait à les impressionner he was trying to impress them; je ne cherche plus à comprendre I've given up trying to understand; ⇒ quatorze;3 ( quérir) aller chercher qn/qch gén to go and get sb/sth; ( passer prendre) to pick sb/sth up; aller chercher qch [chien] to fetch sth; allez me chercher le patron! go and get the boss for me!; aller chercher la balle/les balles ( au tennis) to go for a shot/for the difficult shots (au filet at the net); venir chercher qn/qch gén to come and get sb/sth; ( passer prendre) to pick sb/sth up; il est venu me chercher à l'aéroport he came to meet me at the airport; envoyer qn chercher qch to send sb to get sth;4 ( réfléchir à) to try to find [réponse, idées, mot, solution]; to look for [prétexte, excuse]; ( se souvenir de) to try to remember [nom]; je cherche mes mots I'm groping for words; chercher un moyen de faire qch to try to think of a way to do sth; il ne cherche pas assez he doesn't think hard enough about it; j'ai beau chercher, impossible de m'en souvenir I've thought and thought and still can't remember it; pas la peine de chercher bien loin, c'est lui le coupable you don't have to look too far, he's the guilty one;5 ( imaginer) qu'allez-vous chercher! what are you thinking of!; où est-il allé chercher cela? what made him think that?; où va-t-il chercher tout cela? how does he come up with all that?; je me demande où il est allé chercher tous ces mensonges I wonder how he thought up all these lies;6 ( atteindre) une maison dans ce quartier, ça va chercher dans les 300 000 euros a house in this area must fetch GB ou get US about 300,000 euros; un vol à main armée, ça doit/va chercher dans les cinq ans de prison armed robbery would/could get you about five years in prison; ‘combien ça va me coûter?’-‘ça ne devrait pas aller chercher loin’ ‘how much will that cost me?’-‘it shouldn't come to much’;7 ( aller à la rencontre de) to look for [complications, problèmes]; elle t'a giflé mais tu l'as bien cherché she slapped you but you asked for it; il a été renvoyé mais il l'a quand même bien cherché he was fired but he was asking for it; si tu me cherches, tu vas me trouver○ if you're looking for trouble, you'll get it.B se chercher vpr1 ( être en quête de soi-même) to try to find oneself; un écrivain qui se cherche ( raison d'être) a writer trying to find himself; (style, idées) a writer who is feeling his way;2 ( se donner) se chercher des excuses/un alibi to try to find excuses/an alibi for oneself;3 ○( se provoquer) to be out to get each other○.[ʃɛrʃe] verbe transitif1. [dans l'espace] to look ou to search for (inseparable)chercher quelqu'un/quelque chose à tâtons to fumble ou to grope for somebody/somethingtu donnes ta langue au chat? — attends, je cherche give up? — wait, I'm still thinking ou trying to thinkchercher des crosses (familier) ou des ennuis ou des histoires à quelqu'un to try and cause trouble for somebodychercher chicane ou querelle à quelqu'un to try and pick a quarrel with somebody3. [essayer de se procurer] to look ou to hunt for (inseparable)chercher du travail to look for work, to be job-huntingtoujours à chercher la bagarre! always looking ou spoiling for a fight!quand ou si on me cherche, on me trouve if anybody asks for trouble, he'll get it6. [avec des verbes de mouvement]aller chercher quelqu'un/quelque chose to fetch somebody/somethingallez me chercher le directeur [client mécontent] I'd like to speak to the manageraller chercher dans les (familier) , aller chercher jusqu'à (familier) : ça va bien chercher dans les 200 euros it's worth at least 200 euros————————chercher à verbe plus prépositionto try ou to attempt ou to seek to————————chercher après verbe plus préposition————————se chercher verbe pronominal————————se chercher verbe pronominal intransitif -
100 the
1. definite article1) der/die/dasif you want a quick survey, this is the book — für einen raschen Überblick ist dies das richtige Buch
he lives in the district — er wohnt in dieser Gegend
£5 the square metre/the gallon/the kilogram — 5 Pfund der Quadratmeter/die Gallone/das Kilogramm
14 miles to the gallon — 14 Meilen auf eine Gallone; ≈ 20 l auf 100 km
a scale of one mile to the inch — ein Maßstab von 1: 63 360
2) (denoting one best known)it is the restaurant in this town — das ist das Restaurant in dieser Stadt
2. adverbhave got the toothache/measles — (coll.) Zahnschmerzen/die Masern haben
the more I practise the better I play — je mehr ich übe, desto od. um so besser spiele ich
so much the worse for somebody/something — um so schlimmer für jemanden/etwas
* * *[ðə, ði](The form [ðə] is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union [ðə'ju:njən]; the form [ði] is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour [ði 'onə]) der/die/das1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.) der/die/das3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).) der/die/das4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.) eine/-r/s(oder unübersetzt)5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.) der/die/das,am6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.) um so•- academic.ru/118911/the_..">the...- the...* * *[ði:, ði, ðə]1. (denoting thing mentioned) der/die/dasat \the cinema im Kinoat \the corner an der Eckein \the fridge im Kühlschrankon \the shelf im Regalon \the table auf dem Tisch2. (particular thing/person)▪ \the ... der/die/das...3. (with family name)\the Smiths are away on vacation die Schmidts sind im Urlaub4. (before relative clause) der/die/dasI really enjoyed \the book I've just finished reading das Buch, das ich gerade gelesen habe, war wirklich interessant5. (before name with adjective) der/die\the unfortunate Mr Jones was caught up in the crime der bedauernswerte Mr. Jones wurde in das Verbrechen verwickelt6. (in title) der/dieEdward \the Seventh Eduard der SiebteElizabeth \the second Elisabeth die Zweite7. (before adjective) der/die/dasI suppose we'll just have to wait for \the inevitable ich vermute, wir müssen einfach auf das Unvermeidliche warten\the panda is becoming an increasingly rare animal der Pandabär wird immer seltener\the democrats/poor/townspeople die Demokraten/Armen/Städtera home for \the elderly ein Altersheim nt9. (with superlative) der/die/das\the highest mountain in Europe der höchste Berg Europas\the happiest der/die Glücklichste10. (instead of possessive)how's \the leg today, Mrs. Steel? wie geht es Ihrem Bein denn heute, Frau Steel?he held his daughter tightly by \the arm er hielt seine Tochter am Arm fest11. (with dates) der\the 24th of May der 24. MaiMay \the 24th der 24. Mai; (with time period) diein \the eighties in den Achtzigern [o Achtzigerjahren12. (with ordinal numbers) der/die/dasyou're \the fifth person to ask me that du bist die Fünfte, die mich das fragt13. (with measurements) prothese potatoes are sold by \the kilo diese Kartoffeln werden kiloweise verkauftby \the hour pro Stundetwenty miles to \the gallon zwanzig Meilen auf eine Gallone14. (enough) der/die/dasI haven't got \the energy to go out this evening ich habe heute Abend nicht mehr die Energie auszugehenII. adv + compall \the better/worse umso besser/schlechterI feel all \the better for getting that off my chest nachdem ich das losgeworden bin, fühle ich mich gleich viel besserany the better/worse in irgendeiner Weise besser/schlechtershe doesn't seem to be any \the worse for her bad experience ihre schlimme Erfahrung scheint ihr in keiner Weise geschadet zu haben▪ \the..., \the... je..., desto...\the lower \the price, \the poorer \the quality je niedriger der Preis, umso schlechter die Qualitätbring the family with you! \the more \the merrier! bring die Familie mit! je mehr Leute, desto besser▪ \the more..., \the more... je mehr..., desto mehr...\the more I see of his work, \the more I like it je mehr ich von seiner Arbeit sehe, desto besser gefällt sie mir* * *[ðə] (vor Vokalen auch, zur Betonung auch) [ðiː]1. def art1) der/die/dasin the room — im or in dem Zimmer
on the edge —
to play the piano/guitar — Klavier/Gitarre spielen
have you invited the Browns? — haben Sie die Browns or (with children) die Familie Brown eingeladen?
in the 20s — in den zwanziger Jahren or Zwanzigerjahren pl
how's the leg/wife? (inf) — wie gehts dem Bein/Ihrer Frau? (inf)
the poor/rich — die Armen pl/Reichen pl
translated from the German —
she was the prettier/prettiest — sie war die Hübschere/Hübscheste
4)(distributive use)
80p the pound — 80 Pence das or pro Pfundby the hour — pro Stunde
the car does thirty miles to the gallon — das Auto braucht eine Gallone auf dreißig Meilen, das Auto verbraucht 11 Liter auf 100km
5) [ðiː](stressed) der/die/das2. adv(all) the more so because... — umso mehr, als...
See:→ better* * *the book on the table das Buch auf dem Tisch;the England of today das England von heute;the Browns die Browns, die Familie Brown2. vor Maßangaben:one dollar the pound einen Dollar das Pfund;wine at two pounds the bottle Wein zu zwei Pfund die Flasche3. [ðiː] der, die, das (hervorragende oder geeignete etc):he is the painter of the century er ist der Maler des Jahrhundertsthe2 [ðə] adv (vor komp) desto, umso;the … the je …, desto;so much the better umso besser;so much the more umso (viel) mehr;not any the better um nichts besser;Gambia, the [ˈɡæmbıə] s Gamiba nMidlands, the [ˈmıdləndz] spl Mittelengland n (Grafschaften Mittelenglands, besonders Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire und Staffordshire)* * *1. definite article1) der/die/dasif you want a quick survey, this is the book — für einen raschen Überblick ist dies das richtige Buch
it's or there's only the one — es ist nur dieser/diese/dieses eine
£5 the square metre/the gallon/the kilogram — 5 Pfund der Quadratmeter/die Gallone/das Kilogramm
14 miles to the gallon — 14 Meilen auf eine Gallone; ≈ 20 l auf 100 km
a scale of one mile to the inch — ein Maßstab von 1: 63 360
2. adverbhave got the toothache/measles — (coll.) Zahnschmerzen/die Masern haben
the more I practise the better I play — je mehr ich übe, desto od. um so besser spiele ich
so much the worse for somebody/something — um so schlimmer für jemanden/etwas
* * *art.das art.n.der art.m.die art.f. v.zum v.
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