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61 Cognitive Science
The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense.... [P]eople and intelligent computers turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)2) Experimental Psychology, Theoretical Linguistics, and Computational Simulation of Cognitive Processes Are All Components of Cognitive ScienceI went away from the Symposium with a strong conviction, more intuitive than rational, that human experimental psychology, theoretical linguistics, and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of a larger whole, and that the future would see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.... I have been working toward a cognitive science for about twenty years beginning before I knew what to call it. (G. A. Miller, 1979, p. 9)Cognitive Science studies the nature of cognition in human beings, other animals, and inanimate machines (if such a thing is possible). While computers are helpful within cognitive science, they are not essential to its being. A science of cognition could still be pursued even without these machines.Computer Science studies various kinds of problems and the use of computers to solve them, without concern for the means by which we humans might otherwise resolve them. There could be no computer science if there were no machines of this kind, because they are indispensable to its being. Artificial Intelligence is a special branch of computer science that investigates the extent to which the mental powers of human beings can be captured by means of machines.There could be cognitive science without artificial intelligence but there could be no artificial intelligence without cognitive science. One final caveat: In the case of an emerging new discipline such as cognitive science there is an almost irresistible temptation to identify the discipline itself (as a field of inquiry) with one of the theories that inspired it (such as the computational conception...). This, however, is a mistake. The field of inquiry (or "domain") stands to specific theories as questions stand to possible answers. The computational conception should properly be viewed as a research program in cognitive science, where "research programs" are answers that continue to attract followers. (Fetzer, 1996, pp. xvi-xvii)What is the nature of knowledge and how is this knowledge used? These questions lie at the core of both psychology and artificial intelligence.The psychologist who studies "knowledge systems" wants to know how concepts are structured in the human mind, how such concepts develop, and how they are used in understanding and behavior. The artificial intelligence researcher wants to know how to program a computer so that it can understand and interact with the outside world. The two orientations intersect when the psychologist and the computer scientist agree that the best way to approach the problem of building an intelligent machine is to emulate the human conceptual mechanisms that deal with language.... The name "cognitive science" has been used to refer to this convergence of interests in psychology and artificial intelligence....This working partnership in "cognitive science" does not mean that psychologists and computer scientists are developing a single comprehensive theory in which people are no different from machines. Psychology and artificial intelligence have many points of difference in methods and goals.... We simply want to work on an important area of overlapping interest, namely a theory of knowledge systems. As it turns out, this overlap is substantial. For both people and machines, each in their own way, there is a serious problem in common of making sense out of what they hear, see, or are told about the world. The conceptual apparatus necessary to perform even a partial feat of understanding is formidable and fascinating. (Schank & Abelson, 1977, pp. 1-2)Within the last dozen years a general change in scientific outlook has occurred, consonant with the point of view represented here. One can date the change roughly from 1956: in psychology, by the appearance of Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's Study of Thinking and George Miller's "The Magical Number Seven"; in linguistics, by Noam Chomsky's "Three Models of Language"; and in computer science, by our own paper on the Logic Theory Machine. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cognitive Science
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62 твердое убеждение
strong/firm convictionБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > твердое убеждение
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63 тверде переконання
strong/firm conviction -
64 твердое убеждение
strong/firm convictionРусско-английский словарь по общей лексике > твердое убеждение
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65 convicción
f.conviction, belief, assurance, faith.* * *1 conviction* * *noun f.* * *SF conviction* * *a) ( convencimiento) convictiontengo la convicción de que lo sabe — I'm certain o convinced he knows it
b) ( persuasión) persuasionc) convicciones femenino plural (ideas, creencias) convictions (pl)* * *= belief, conviction, set.Ex. Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.Ex. It is a source of innovation and strength, but it blurs traditional distinctions and can unsettle professional convictions.Ex. A child's set about books and reading may be deeply ingrained as a result or earlier reading experiences, or it may be temporary and changeable.----* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.* convicciones = belief system.* convicción personal = personal conviction.* convicción política = political persuasion.* en la convicción de que = on the assumption that.* fuerza de la convicción = courage of conviction.* sin convicción = doubtfully, lamely.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* una plena convicción de = a strong sense of.* * *a) ( convencimiento) convictiontengo la convicción de que lo sabe — I'm certain o convinced he knows it
b) ( persuasión) persuasionc) convicciones femenino plural (ideas, creencias) convictions (pl)* * *= belief, conviction, set.Ex: Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.
Ex: It is a source of innovation and strength, but it blurs traditional distinctions and can unsettle professional convictions.Ex: A child's set about books and reading may be deeply ingrained as a result or earlier reading experiences, or it may be temporary and changeable.* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.* convicciones = belief system.* convicción personal = personal conviction.* convicción política = political persuasion.* en la convicción de que = on the assumption that.* fuerza de la convicción = courage of conviction.* sin convicción = doubtfully, lamely.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* una plena convicción de = a strong sense of.* * *1 (convencimiento) convictionlo dijo con convicción she said it with convictiontengo la convicción de que ocultaba algo I'm certain o convinced he was hiding something2 (persuasión) persuasiontiene un gran poder de convicción he has great powers of persuasion, he is very persuasiveeso sería ir en contra de sus convicciones that would mean going against her convictions o principles* * *
convicción sustantivo femenino
◊ tengo la convicción de que lo sabe I'm certain o convinced he knows it
c)
convicción sustantivo femenino conviction: tengo la convicción de que es inocente, it is my conviction that she's innocent
' convicción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
íntima
- íntimo
- firme
- poder
English:
conviction
- doubtfully
* * *convicción nf1. [convencimiento] conviction;actuaba sin convicción he lacked conviction in what he was doing;consiguió persuadirlos gracias a su fuerte convicción he managed to persuade them because he was so convinced of himself;tener la convicción de que to be convinced that;expresó su convicción de que pronto se hallaría una solución al conflicto he said he was convinced that a solution to the conflict would soon be found2.convicciones [principios] convictions, principles;un político de profundas convicciones católicas a politician with strongly-held Catholic beliefs, a staunchly Catholic politician* * *f conviction* * * -
66 force
force [fɔʀs]1. feminine nouna. ( = vigueur) strength• à la force du poignet [obtenir qch, réussir] by the sweat of one's browb. ( = violence) forced. [de coup, vent] force ; [d'argument, sentiment, alcool, médicament] strengthg. (locutions)► à force• à force, tu vas le casser you'll end up breaking it► de force• arriver or venir en force to arrive in force• passer en force [+ projet] to force through2. compounds* * *fɔʀs
1.
1) ( de personne)forces — strength [U]
de toutes ses forces — [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart
avec force — [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly
2) ( contrainte) forcecoup de force — Armée strike
3) ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur, personne) strength; ( d'expression) forceils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs — they are evenly matched at chess
revenir en force, faire un retour en force — to make a strong comeback
4) ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force5) Physique, fig force6) ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength7) ( ensemble humain) forceforces navales — navy (sg)
forces terrestres — army (sg)
2.
à force (colloq) locution adverbialeà force, elle l'a cassé — she ended up breaking it
3.
à force de locution prépositiveà force d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter — by saving very hard, she was able to buy it
à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer — if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it
Phrasal Verbs:* * *fɔʀs1. nf1) [personne, membre] strengthJe n'ai pas beaucoup de force dans les bras. — I haven't got much strength in my arms.
2) (pour résoudre un conflit) forceIls ont eu recours à la force. — They had to use force.
de force — forcibly, by force
Ils lui ont enlevé son pistolet de force. — They took the gun from him by force.
3) PHYSIQUE, MÉCANIQUE force4) (= puissance) (surnaturelle) powerà force de faire — by doing, by dint of doing
Il a grossi à force de manger autant. — He got fat by eating so much.
arriver en force (= nombreux) — to arrive in force
à toute force (= absolument) — at all costs
cas de force majeure — case of absolute necessity, ASSURANCESact of God
2. forces nfpl1) (physiques) strength sgde toutes mes/ses forces — with all my/his strength
2) MILITAIRE forces3) (= effectifs)* * *A nf1 ( de personne) ( robustesse) strength ¢; ( capacités physiques) forces strength; force musculaire/morale muscular/moral strength; force de caractère strength of character; avoir de la force to be strong; ne plus avoir de force to have no strength left; avoir de la force dans les jambes to have strength in one's legs; avoir/trouver/donner la force de faire to have/find/give the strength to do; je n'ai plus la force de marcher I no longer have the strength to walk; mes forces m'abandonnent I'm getting weak; reprendre des forces to regain one's strength; ça te donnera des forces it will build up your strength; être à bout de forces to feel drained; c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me; de toutes ses forces [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart; dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life; avec force [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly; faire force de rames to pull hard on the oars; faire force de voiles to crowd on sail;2 ( contrainte) force; force armée armed force; recourir à la force to resort to force; être converti/emmené de force to be converted/taken away by force; être marié de force to be forced into marriage; faire faire qch à qn de force to force sb to do sth; entrer de force dans un lieu to force one's way into a place; jouer en force Sport to play flat out; par la force des choses through force of circumstance; vouloir à toute force to want at all costs; force est/m'est de faire there is/I have no choice but to do; coup de force Mil strike;3 ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur) strength; fig ( d'expression) force; ( de personne) strength; la force militaire/économique du pays the country's military/economic strength; c'est ce qui fait leur force that's where their strength lies; ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs they are evenly matched at chess; être de force à faire to be up to doing; tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui you're no match for him; joueur/traducteur de première force top-flight ou top-quality player/translator; revenir en force, faire un retour en force to make a strong comeback;4 ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force; la force de l'habitude force of habit; avoir force de loi to have the force of law;5 Phys, fig force; force d'attraction force of attraction; force centrifuge centrifugal force; forces naturelles/occultes natural/occult forces; les forces de marché Écon market forces; les forces du mal the forces of evil;6 ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength; vent de force 1 à 3 breeze blowing at force 1 to 3; vent de force 4 à 7 wind force 4 to 7; vent de force 8 à 10 force 8 to 10 gale;7 ( ensemble humain) force; force de vente sales force; force d'alternance alternative force; forces productives productive forces; forces d'opposition opposition forces; être/arriver en force to be present/to arrive in force;8 Mil ( corps) force; ( effectifs) forces forces; force multinationale multinational force; forces aériennes air force; forces navales navy; forces terrestres army; forces armées/intégrées/d'occupation armed/integrated/occupying forces; d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police.B †adv donner force exemples to give many an example; avec force excuses/remerciements with profuse apologies/thanks.C à force de loc prép réussir à force de patience/travail to succeed by dint of patience/hard work; à force d'économies or d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter by saving very hard, she was able to buy it; il est aphone à force de crier he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice; à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it; à force○, elle l'a cassé she ended up breaking it.force d'action rapide Mil rapid reaction force; force d'âme fortitude; force de dissuasion Mil deterrent force; fig deterrent; force de frappe ( arme nucléaire) nuclear weapons (pl); ( groupe) strike force; force d'interposition Mil peacekeeping force; force d'intervention Mil task force; force de la nature (real) Goliath; force de pénétration Tech penetration; force publique police force; forces de l'ordre forces of law and order; forces vives life blood ¢; Force ouvrière, FO Pol French trade union; Forces françaises de l'intérieur, FFI Hist Resistance forces operating in France during the Second World War; Forces françaises libres, FFL Hist Free French Forces.[fɔrs] nom féminin1. [puissance - d'une tempête, d'un coup] strength, force ; [ - d'un sentiment] strength ; [ - d'une idée, d'un argument] strength, power‘la force tranquille’slogan used by François Mitterrand in his successful election campaign of 19812. [vigueur physique] strengthde toutes mes/ses forces with all my/his strength, with all my/his might3. [contrainte, autorité] forceil y a (cas de) force majeure there are circumstances beyond my/our etc. control4. [puissance morale] strengthce qui fait sa force, c'est sa conviction politique his political commitment is his strength[groupe de personnes]5. ADMINISTRATION & MILITAIREla force nucléaire stratégique ou la force de frappe ou la force de dissuasion de la France France's nuclear strike capacityles forces navales/aériennes the naval/air forcesla force publique, les forces de l'ordre the policeforce centrifuge/centripète centrifugal/centripetal force8. POLITIQUE9. NAUTIQUE10. (locution)par la force des choses/de l'habitude by force of circumstance/of habit————————[fɔrs] adverbe(littéraire & humoristique) many————————à force locution adverbialetu vas le casser, à force! you'll break it if you go on like that!à force, je suis fatigué I'm getting tiredà force de locution prépositionnelleà la force de locution prépositionnelleà toute force locution adverbiale————————de force locution adverbiale————————en force locution adverbialeils sont arrivés en force they arrived in force ou in great numbers2. SPORT [sans souplesse]————————par force locution adverbialepar force nous nous sommes résignés à son départ we were forced to accept ou we had to resign ourselves to his departure -
67 fuerza
f.1 strength (fortaleza).no me siento con fuerzas I don't feel strong enoughtener fuerzas para to have the strength tola fuerza de la costumbre force of habitla fuerza del destino the power of destinyfuerza física strengthno llegué por un caso de fuerza mayor I didn't make it due to circumstances beyond my controlfuerza de voluntad willpowertener mucha fuerza to be very strongrecuperar fuerzas to recover one's strength, to get one's strength backsacar fuerzas de flaqueza to screw up one's courage2 force (violencia).tuvo que llevarle al colegio a la fuerza she had to drag him to school by forcerecurrir a la fuerza to resort to forcea la fuerza tenía que saber la noticia she must have known the newspor la fuerza by forcefuerza bruta brute force3 force (grupo) (military).todas las fuerzas políticas all the political groupsfuerza aérea air forceFuerzas Armadas armed forcesfuerza de intervención troops, forcesfuerza de intervención rápida rapid reaction forcefuerzas del orden público security forcesfuerzas de pacificación peacekeeping forcesfuerzas de seguridad security forces4 force (physics).fuerza centrífuga/centrípeta centrifugal/centripetal forcefuerza de la gravedad force of gravityfuerza motriz driving forcepres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: forzar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: forzar.* * *1 (gen) strength2 (violencia) force, violence3 (militar) force4 (en física) force5 (electricidad) power, electric power6 (poder) power1 (el poder) authorities\a fuerza de by dint of, by force ofa la fuerza by forceírsele a alguien la fuerza por la boca to be all talkpor fuerza by forcepor la fuerza against one's willpor la fuerza de la costumbre by force of habitfuerza bruta brute forcefuerza de voluntad willpowerfuerza mayor force majeurefuerza de gravedad force of gravityFuerzas Aéreas Royal Air ForceFuerzas Armadas Armed Forcesfuerzas del orden público police force sing* * *noun f.1) strength2) force3) might4) power•* * *SF1) [de persona]a) [física] strengthme agarré con fuerza a una roca — I held on tight o tightly to a rock
•
hacer fuerza, el médico me ha prohibido que hiciera fuerza — the doctor has told me not to exert myselfvamos a intentar levantar la losa: haced fuerza — let's try and lift up the slab: heave!
si somos muchos en la manifestación haremos más fuerza — if there are lots of us at the demonstration we'll be stronger o it will lend more force to it
b) [de carácter] strength•
restar fuerzas al enemigo — to reduce the enemy's strength•
sentirse con fuerzas para hacer algo — to have the strength to do sthmedir 1., 3)•
tener fuerzas para hacer algo — to be strong enough to do sth, have the strength to do sth2) (=intensidad) [de viento] strength, force; [de lluvia] intensityel agua caía con fuerza torrencial — the rain came down in torrents, there was torrential rainfall
3) (=ímpetu)en los setenta la mujer entró con fuerza en el periodismo — in the seventies women entered journalism in force
la banda terrorista volvió a golpear con fuerza ayer — the terrorist group struck another devastating blow yesterday
4) (=poder) [de fe] strength; [de argumento] strength, force, power; [de la ley] forcees un argumento de poca fuerza — it is not a very strong o powerful argument
serán castigados con toda la fuerza de la ley — they will be punished with the full weight of the law, they will feel the full force of the law
la rebelión iba cobrando fuerza — the rebellion gathered o gained strength
la idea ha cobrado fuerza últimamente — the idea has gained in popularity o gained momentum recently
•
por la fuerza de la costumbre — out of habit, from force of habit•
con fuerza legal — (Com) legally bindingfuerza mayor — (Jur) force majeure
aplazaron el partido por razones de fuerza mayor — the match was postponed due to circumstances beyond their control
5) (=violencia) force•
por la fuerza, quisieron impedirlo por la fuerza — they tried to prevent it forcibly o by forcepor la fuerza no se consigue nada — using force doesn't achieve anything, nothing is achieved by force
•
a viva fuerza, abrió la maleta a viva fuerza — he forced open the suitcase6) [locuciones]a)• a fuerza de — by
a fuerza de repetirlo acabó creyéndoselo él mismo — by repeating it so much he ended up believing it himself
conseguí aprobar a fuerza de pasarme horas y horas estudiando — I managed to pass by dint of hours and hours of study
a fuerza de paciencia logró convencerlos — he succeeded in persuading them by dint of great patience
b)• a la fuerza, hacer algo a la fuerza — to be forced to do sth
yo no quería, pero tuve que hacerlo a la fuerza — I didn't want to, but I was forced to do it
se lo llevaron de su casa a la fuerza — he was taken from his home by force, he was taken forcibly from his home
a la fuerza tuvo que oírlos: ¡estaba a su lado! — he must have heard them: he was right next to them!
•
alimentar a algn a la fuerza — to force-feed sb•
entrar en un lugar a la fuerza — [ladrón] to break into a place, break in; [policía, bombero] to force one's way into a place, enter a place forciblya la fuerza ahorcan —
dejará el ministerio cuando lo haga su jefe, ¡a la fuerza ahorcan! — he'll leave the ministry when his boss does, not that he has any choice anyway o life's tough! *
c)• en fuerza de — by virtue of
d)• es fuerza hacer algo — it is necessary to do sth
es fuerza reconocer que... — we must recognize that..., it must be admitted that...
e)• por fuerza — inevitably
una región pobre como la nuestra, por fuerza ha de ser más barata — in a poor region like ours prices will inevitably be o must be cheaper
7) (Fís, Mec) forcefuerza ascensional — (Aer) buoyancy
fuerza de sustentación — (Aer) lift
fuerza motriz — (lit) motive force; (fig) driving force
8) (=conjunto de personas) (Mil, Pol) forcefuerza de trabajo — workforce, labour force, labor force (EEUU)
fuerza pública — police, police force
9) (Elec) power* * *I1) (vigor, energía)por más que hizo fuerza, no logró abrirlo — try as she might, she couldn't open it
2) (del viento, de las olas) strength, force3) (de estructura, material) strength4) ( violencia) force5) (autoridad, poder) powerpor (la) fuerza de costumbre — out of o from force of habit
6) (Mil, Pol) force7) (Fís) force8) (en locs)IIa la fuerza: tiene que pasar por aquí a la fuerza she has no option but to come this way; a la fuerza tuvo que verme he must have seen me; lo llevaron a la fuerza they dragged him there; comí a la fuerza I forced myself to eat; entraron a la fuerza they forced their way in; lo hicieron salir a la fuerza they forced him to leave; a fuerza de by; aprobó a fuerza de estudiar he managed to pass by studying hard; por fuerza: por fuerza tiene que saberlo he must know about it; por la fuerza by force; a viva fuerza by sheer force; medir sus fuerzas con or contra alguien to measure one's strength against somebody; sacar fuerzas de flaqueza — to make a supreme effort
* * *= drive, force, strength, power, might, muscle power, sinew, powerfulness, mightiness.Ex. Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.Ex. Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.Ex. The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex. She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex. Their development, particularly for replacing human muscle power, has been in parallel with that of information technology, but largely independent of it.Ex. Such sentiments provide the heart, soul, and sinew of comics.Ex. The students also rated each picture's tastefulness, newsworthiness, likability, and powerfulness.Ex. He holds in derision all wisdom and all mightiness.----* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* alimentar a la fuerza = force-feed.* apartar a la fuerza = prise + Nombre + away.* aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.* aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.* aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.* arrancar a la fuerza = prise + Nombre + away.* camisa de fuerza = straitjacket [straightjacket].* causa de fuerza mayor = act of God.* cobrar fuerza = gather + strength, grow in + power, gain + strength.* cobrar fuerzas = gain + strength.* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.* con toda su fuerza = in full force.* contra fuerzas superiores = against (all/the) odds.* dar fuerza = empower, bring + strength.* de fuerza = forceful.* desplazar a la fuerza = uproot [up-root].* dividir las fuerzas de Uno = fragment + Posesivo + energies.* en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.* fuerza aérea = Air Force.* fuerza bruta = brute force, raw power, brute power.* fuerza centrífuga = centrifugal force.* fuerza de cohesión = bonding strength.* fuerza de gravedad = gravitational force.* fuerza de la convicción = courage of conviction.* fuerza de la gravedad = G-force.* fuerza de la gravedad, la = force of gravity, the.* fuerza de la naturaleza = force of nature.* fuerza de las armas = force of arms.* fuerza de la señal = signal strength, tower strength.* fuerza de voluntad = force of will, willpower [will power].* fuerza económica = economic leverage.* fuerza expedicionaria = expeditionary force.* fuerza giratoria = turning power.* fuerza gravitatoria = gravitational force.* fuerza impulsora = moving force, driving force, thrust force.* fuerza letal = deadly force.* fuerza mayor = force majeure.* fuerza militar = military forces.* fuerza motriz = powerhouse, power engine, motive force.* fuerza muscular = muscle power.* fuerza niveladora = levelling force.* fuerza política = political force, political power.* fuerzas aéreas británicas = RAF [Royal Air Force].* fuerzas aliadas = coalition forces.* fuerzas armadas = military forces.* fuerzas armadas, las = armed forces, the.* fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.* fuerzas defensivas, las = defence forces, the.* fuerzas del orden = police force.* fuerzas del orden público = police force.* fuerzas de paz = peacekeeping forces.* fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.* fuerzas encargadas del mantenimiento de la paz = peacekeeping forces.* fuerza vital = life force.* fuerza viva = living force.* ganar fuerza = gather + strength, gather + steam.* golpear con fuerza = smite.* juego de fuerzas = interplay of forces.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* medición de fuerzas = battle of wills.* medida de fuerza = crackdown.* medirse la fuerzas (con) = lock + horns (with).* medirse las fuerzas = pit against.* mermar las fuerzas = sap + the energy.* perder fuerza = lose + power, lose + steam.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.* recobrar fuerza = gather + Reflexivo.* recobrar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength.* recuperar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength, gain + strength.* recuperar las fuerzas = recoup + energy, gain + strength.* reponer fuerzas = gather + energy.* resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.* restar fuerza = take + the bite out of.* ser un pilar de fuerza = be a tower of strength.* toda la fuerza = full force.* toda la fuerza de = the full force of.* toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.* unir fuerzas = join + forces, pool + forces.* * *I1) (vigor, energía)por más que hizo fuerza, no logró abrirlo — try as she might, she couldn't open it
2) (del viento, de las olas) strength, force3) (de estructura, material) strength4) ( violencia) force5) (autoridad, poder) powerpor (la) fuerza de costumbre — out of o from force of habit
6) (Mil, Pol) force7) (Fís) force8) (en locs)IIa la fuerza: tiene que pasar por aquí a la fuerza she has no option but to come this way; a la fuerza tuvo que verme he must have seen me; lo llevaron a la fuerza they dragged him there; comí a la fuerza I forced myself to eat; entraron a la fuerza they forced their way in; lo hicieron salir a la fuerza they forced him to leave; a fuerza de by; aprobó a fuerza de estudiar he managed to pass by studying hard; por fuerza: por fuerza tiene que saberlo he must know about it; por la fuerza by force; a viva fuerza by sheer force; medir sus fuerzas con or contra alguien to measure one's strength against somebody; sacar fuerzas de flaqueza — to make a supreme effort
* * *= drive, force, strength, power, might, muscle power, sinew, powerfulness, mightiness.Ex: Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.
Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.Ex: The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex: She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex: Their development, particularly for replacing human muscle power, has been in parallel with that of information technology, but largely independent of it.Ex: Such sentiments provide the heart, soul, and sinew of comics.Ex: The students also rated each picture's tastefulness, newsworthiness, likability, and powerfulness.Ex: He holds in derision all wisdom and all mightiness.* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* alimentar a la fuerza = force-feed.* apartar a la fuerza = prise + Nombre + away.* aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.* aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.* aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.* arrancar a la fuerza = prise + Nombre + away.* camisa de fuerza = straitjacket [straightjacket].* causa de fuerza mayor = act of God.* cobrar fuerza = gather + strength, grow in + power, gain + strength.* cobrar fuerzas = gain + strength.* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.* con toda su fuerza = in full force.* contra fuerzas superiores = against (all/the) odds.* dar fuerza = empower, bring + strength.* de fuerza = forceful.* desplazar a la fuerza = uproot [up-root].* dividir las fuerzas de Uno = fragment + Posesivo + energies.* en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.* fuerza aérea = Air Force.* fuerza bruta = brute force, raw power, brute power.* fuerza centrífuga = centrifugal force.* fuerza de cohesión = bonding strength.* fuerza de gravedad = gravitational force.* fuerza de la convicción = courage of conviction.* fuerza de la gravedad = G-force.* fuerza de la gravedad, la = force of gravity, the.* fuerza de la naturaleza = force of nature.* fuerza de las armas = force of arms.* fuerza de la señal = signal strength, tower strength.* fuerza de voluntad = force of will, willpower [will power].* fuerza económica = economic leverage.* fuerza expedicionaria = expeditionary force.* fuerza giratoria = turning power.* fuerza gravitatoria = gravitational force.* fuerza impulsora = moving force, driving force, thrust force.* fuerza letal = deadly force.* fuerza mayor = force majeure.* fuerza militar = military forces.* fuerza motriz = powerhouse, power engine, motive force.* fuerza muscular = muscle power.* fuerza niveladora = levelling force.* fuerza política = political force, political power.* fuerzas aéreas británicas = RAF [Royal Air Force].* fuerzas aliadas = coalition forces.* fuerzas armadas = military forces.* fuerzas armadas, las = armed forces, the.* fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.* fuerzas defensivas, las = defence forces, the.* fuerzas del orden = police force.* fuerzas del orden público = police force.* fuerzas de paz = peacekeeping forces.* fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.* fuerzas encargadas del mantenimiento de la paz = peacekeeping forces.* fuerza vital = life force.* fuerza viva = living force.* ganar fuerza = gather + strength, gather + steam.* golpear con fuerza = smite.* juego de fuerzas = interplay of forces.* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.* medición de fuerzas = battle of wills.* medida de fuerza = crackdown.* medirse la fuerzas (con) = lock + horns (with).* medirse las fuerzas = pit against.* mermar las fuerzas = sap + the energy.* perder fuerza = lose + power, lose + steam.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.* recobrar fuerza = gather + Reflexivo.* recobrar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength.* recuperar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength, gain + strength.* recuperar las fuerzas = recoup + energy, gain + strength.* reponer fuerzas = gather + energy.* resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.* restar fuerza = take + the bite out of.* ser un pilar de fuerza = be a tower of strength.* toda la fuerza = full force.* toda la fuerza de = the full force of.* toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.* unir fuerzas = join + forces, pool + forces.* * *A(vigor, energía): tiene mucha fuerza en los brazos she has very strong arms, she has great strength in her arms¡qué fuerza tienes! you're really strong!agárralo con fuerza hold on to it tightlytuvimos que empujar con fuerza we had to push very hardpor más que hizo fuerza, no logró abrirlo try as she might, she couldn't open ittuvo que hacer mucha fuerza para levantarlo it took all her strength to lift ita último momento le fallaron las fuerzas his strength failed him at the last momentnecesitaba recuperar fuerzas I needed to recover my strength o get my strength backno me siento con fuerzas para hacer un viaje tan largo I don't have the strength to go on such a long journey, I don't feel up to making such a long journeygritó con todas sus fuerzas she shouted with all her mightha entrado al mercado con gran fuerza it has made a big impact on the marketCompuestos:strength of characterwillpowerB (del viento, de las olas) strength, forcevientos de fuerza ocho force eight windsC (de una estructura, un material) strengthD (violencia) forcehubo que recurrir a la fuerza para reducir al agresor they had to resort to force to subdue the assailantCompuesto:brute forceE (autoridad, poder) powerun sindicato de mucha fuerza a very strong union, a union with great powervan armados con la fuerza de la razón they are armed with the power of reason ( liter)se les castigará con toda la fuerza de la ley they will be punished with the full rigor o weight of the lawtener fuerza de ley to have the force of lawla fuerza de sus argumentos the strength of her argumentpor fuerza de costumbre out of force of habitCompuesto:se suspendió por causas de fuerza mayor it was canceled owing to circumstances beyond our controllas pérdidas sufridas por razones de fuerza mayor losses in cases of force majeureuna fuerza de paz a peacekeeping forceuna fuerza de ocupación an occupying forcefuerzas parlamentarias/políticas parliamentary/political forcesCompuestos:air forcetaskforceworkforce● fuerza disuasoria or de disuasióndeterrent( period):la fuerza pública the policefpl armed forces (pl)● fuerzas del orden or de orden públicoSpecial Forcesfpl social forces (pl)G ( Fís) forceCompuestos:acceleration● fuerza centrífuga/centrípetacentrifugal/centripetal forcegravity, force of gravity, gravitational pullinertialifthydraulic powermotive powerdecelerationkinetic energyH ( en locs):a la fuerza: tiene que pasar por aquí a la fuerza she has no option but to come this way, she has to come this waya la fuerza tuvo que verme, estaba sentado justo enfrente he must have seen me, I was sitting right oppositeno quería ir al dentista, hubo que llevarlo a la fuerza he didn't want to go to the dentist, we had to drag him thereentraron a la fuerza they forced their way inlo hicieron salir a la fuerza they forced him to leave o made him leavea fuerza de bypude localizarlo a fuerza de llamarlo todos los días I had to call his number every day before I finally got hold of him, I only managed to get hold of him by calling him every daypor fuerza: tendrá que ganar por fuerza si quiere seguir compitiendo she has to win if she wants to stay in the competitionpor fuerza tiene que saberlo he must know about itpor la fuerza by forcelo tuvieron que sacar de la casa por la fuerza he had to be forcibly removed from the housea la fuerza ahorcan I/we have no alternativea viva fuerza by sheer forceírsele a algn la fuerza por la boca to be all talk (and no action) ( colloq), to be all mouth and no trousers ( BrE colloq)medir sus fuerzas con or contra algn to measure one's strength against sbsacar fuerzas de flaqueza: sacó fuerzas de flaqueza y consiguió llegar a la meta she made a supreme effort and managed to reach the tapesaqué fuerzas de flaqueza y me enfrenté a él I plucked o screwed up my courage and confronted him* * *
Del verbo forzar: ( conjugate forzar)
fuerza es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
forzar
fuerza
forzar ( conjugate forzar) verbo transitivo
1 ( obligar) to force
2
3 ‹puerta/cerradura› to force
fuerza 1 sustantivo femenino
1
no me siento con fuerzas I don't have the strength;
tiene mucha fuerza en los brazos she has very strong arms;
agárralo con fuerza hold on to it tightly;
empuja con fuerza push hard;
le fallaron las fuerzas his strength failed him;
recuperar fuerzas to get one's strength back;
gritó con todas sus fuerzas she shouted with all her might;
fuerza de voluntad willpower
2 ( violencia) force;
fuerza bruta brute force
3 (Mil, Pol, Fís) force;
las fuerzas armadas the armed forces;
las fuerzas de orden público (period) the police;
fuerza de gravedad (force of) gravity
4 ( en locs)◊ a la fuerza: a la fuerza tuvo que verme he must have seen me;
lo llevaron a la fuerza they dragged him there;
comí a la fuerza I forced myself to eat;
entraron a la fuerza they forced their way in;
a fuerza de by;
aprobó a fuerza de estudiar he managed to pass by studying hard;
por fuerza: por fuerza tiene que saberlo he must know about it;
por la fuerza by force
fuerza 2,◊ fuerzas, etc see forzar
forzar verbo transitivo
1 (obligar por la fuerza) to force: la forzaron a casarse, she was forced to get married
2 (un motor, una situación) to force
3 (una cerradura) to force, break open
4 (violar a alguien) to rape
fuerza sustantivo femenino
1 Fís force
2 (vigor físico) strength
3 (violencia física) force
sin usar la fuerza, without violence
(obligación, autoridad) force
fuerza mayor, force majeure
4 (garra, ímpetu) grip
5 (grupo de tropas) force
las Fuerzas Armadas, the Armed Forces
♦ Locuciones: figurado a fuerza de, by dint of
a la fuerza, (por obligación) of necessity
(con violencia) by force
por fuerza, of necessity
' fuerza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aflojar
- agarrar
- ánimo
- boca
- camisa
- cerrarse
- débil
- decaer
- declinar
- demostración
- descafeinada
- descafeinado
- enfriar
- estrujar
- fenomenal
- flaquear
- forzar
- fuerte
- garra
- gravedad
- impulso
- incapaz
- me
- menos
- motor
- motriz
- poder
- remolque
- renegar
- resistencia
- reunir
- sonora
- sonoro
- tirar
- Titán
- toro
- voluntad
- alarde
- apretar
- arrollador
- bloque
- capitán
- ceder
- chaleco
- comunicar
- fortificar
- maña
- siniestro
- someter
- vigor
English:
act
- apply
- arm
- blow over
- bluster
- bodily
- bolster
- brawn
- burn
- constraint
- decrease
- deterrent
- display
- draw
- driving force
- drum
- dynamic
- force
- forcible
- forcibly
- G-force
- gain
- gale
- gather
- grit
- hard
- hp
- hustle
- jam
- jam in
- juggernaut
- might
- motive
- muscle
- necessarily
- peacekeeping
- plonk
- power
- pull
- punch
- ram
- rule out
- sanction
- sap
- shall
- shoot out
- shoot up
- show
- spent
- straitjacket
* * *♦ nf1. [fortaleza] strength;el animal tiene mucha fuerza the animal is very strong;no me siento con fuerzas para caminar I don't feel strong enough to walk, I don't feel up to walking;su amor fue cobrando fuerza con el tiempo her love grew stronger with time;recuperar fuerzas to recover one's strength, to get one's strength back;tener fuerzas para to have the strength to;Famse le va la fuerza por la boca he's all talk and no action;sacar fuerzas de flaqueza to screw up one's couragela fuerza de la costumbre force of habit;la fuerza del destino the power of destiny;fuerza física strength;se necesita mucha fuerza física para hacer eso you need to be very strong to do that;Der fuerza mayor force majeure; [en seguros] act of God;no llegué por un caso de fuerza mayor I didn't make it due to circumstances beyond my control;fuerza de voluntad willpower2. [resistencia] [de material] strength3. [intensidad] [de sonido] loudness;[de dolor] intensity;aprieta con fuerza press hard;llueve con fuerza it's raining hard;un viento de fuerza 8 a force 8 wind4. [violencia] force;ceder a la fuerza to give in to force;emplear la fuerza to use force;por la fuerza by force;recurrir a la fuerza to resort to forcefuerza bruta brute force5. Mil forcefuerza aérea air force;fuerzas armadas armed forces;fuerzas de choque shock troops, storm troopers;fuerza disuasoria deterrent;fuerza de intervención troops, forces;fuerza de intervención rápida rapid reaction force;fuerzas del orden (público) security forces;fuerzas de pacificación peacekeeping forces;fuerzas de seguridad security forces6.fuerzas [grupo] forces;las diferentes fuerzas sociales the different forces in society;todas las fuerzas políticas se han puesto de acuerdo all the political groups have reached an agreement;las fuerzas vivas de la ciudad the most influential people in the city7. Fís forcefuerza centrífuga centrifugal force;fuerza centrípeta centripetal force;fuerza electromotriz electromotive force;fuerza de la gravedad force of gravity;fuerza hidráulica water power;fuerza motriz [que causa movimiento] driving force;Fig [impulso] prime mover;fuerza nuclear débil weak nuclear force;fuerza nuclear fuerte strong nuclear force8. Elec power;han cortado la fuerza the power has been cut♦ a fuerza de loc prep[a base de] by dint of;a fuerza de gritar mucho, conseguimos que nos oyera after a lot of shouting, we eventually managed to make him hear us;he aprendido la lección a fuerza de mucho estudiar I learnt the lesson by studying hard♦ a la fuerza loc adv1. [contra la voluntad] by force, forcibly;firmaron a la fuerza they were forced to sign;tuvo que llevarlo al colegio a la fuerza she had to drag him to school by force, she had to forcibly drag him to school2. [forzosamente] inevitably;a la fuerza tenía que saber la noticia she must have known the news;a la fuerza tenía que ocurrir un accidente there was bound to be an accident, an accident was inevitable♦ por fuerza loc adv[forzosamente] inevitably;tenía que ocurrir un desastre por fuerza a disaster was inevitable;esta noche tengo que salir por fuerza para atender a un paciente I absolutely have to go out tonight to see a patient* * *f1 strength;hacer fuerza try hard, make an effort;hacer fuerza a alguien fig put pressure on s.o., pressure s.o.;sacar fuerzas de flaqueza make a superhuman effort;cobrar fuerza fig gather ogain strength2 ( violencia) force;por fuerza I have no choice o option but to work this Sunday3 EL power4:la fuerza de la costumbre force of habit;a fuerza de … by (dint of)5:fuerza es reconocer que … it has to be admitted that …* * *fuerza nf1) : strength, vigorfuerza de voluntad: willpower2) : forcefuerza bruta: brute force3) : power, mightfuerza de brazos: manpower4) fuerzas nfpl: forcesfuerzas armadas: armed forces5)a fuerza de : by, by dint of* * *fuerza n1. (en general) strength2. (potencia) force -
68 твърд
1. прилаг. hardфиз. solid(който не се огъва) stiffтвърдо тяло физ. solidтвърди небце анат. hard palateтвърда яка a stiff collar; a stand-up collarтвърда подвързия a stiff bindingтвърда корица a hard cover2. прен. (смел, решителен, непоколебим) firm, steadfast, unyielding, stiff, stubborn, staunch, steady(непреклонен) adamantтвърд глас a firm/an unfaltering voiceтвърд характер a resolute characterтвърда воля a firm/an unwavering willтвърда позиция a strong/hard/firm lireтвърдо намерние a firm intentionтвърдо решение determination. a grim resolveтвърдо становище/убеждение a strong/firm stand/convictionзаемам по- твърдо становище stiffen o.'s attitude ( към to)твърди крачки firm/unfaltering stepsтвърд и знаиня sound knowledge3. (установен, постоянен) stable, fixed, steadyтвърд курс a steady courseтвърда валута a stable currencyтвърди цени fixed/stable/steady pricesтвърда вода hard water4. същ. (небосвод) firmament5. (земя) earth* * *прил.1. hard; физ. solid; ( който не се огъва) stiff; \твърд като камък rock-solid (и прен.); \твърда корица полигр. hard cover; \твърда подвързия полигр. stiff binding; \твърда яка stiff collar; stand-up collar; \твърдо небце анат. hard palate; \твърдо тяло физ. solid;2. прен. ( смел, решителен, непоколебим) firm, steadfast, unyielding, stiff, stubborn, staunch, unwavering, fortitudinous, steady; разг. gritty, hard-nosed, hard-boiled; ( непреклонен) adamant; unyielding; flinty; grim; заемам по-\твърдо становище stiffen o.’s attitude ( към to); оставам \твърд remain unshaken/firm/steadfast; never budge; \твърд глас firm/unfaltering voice; \твърд характер resolute character; \твърда позиция strong/hard/firm line; \твърди знания sound knowledge; \твърдо решение determination, grim resolve; \твърдо становище/убеждение strong/firm stand/conviction;3. ( установен, постоянен) stable, fixed; steady; \твърд курс steady course; \твърд обменен курс fixed exchange rate; \твърда валута stable currency; \твърда оферта firm offer; • \твърда вода hard water.——————ж., само ед.1. ( небосвод) firmament;2. ( земя) earth.* * *hard: a твърд cover - твърда корица; solid (физ.): on a твърд ground - на твърда основа; firm (и прен.): a твърд decision - твърдо решение, a твърд intention - твърдо намерение; stable: a твърд currency - твърда валута; stiff (неогъващ се); (прен. смел, решителен): determined (търпелив); persistent ; resolved {ri`zO;lvd}; rigid ; unswerving ; unwavering ; (същ.): firmament (за небе); earth (за земя)* * *1. (земя) earth 2. (който не се огъва) stiff 3. (непреклонен) adamant 4. (установен, постоянен) stable, fixed 5. 1 npuлаг. hard 6. 4 същ. (небосвод) firmament 7. steady: ТВЪРД курс a steady course 8. ТВЪРД xaрактер a resolute character 9. ТВЪРД глас a firm/an unfaltering voice 10. ТВЪРД и знаиня sound knowledge 11. ТВЪРДa валута a stable currency 12. ТВЪРДa вода hard water 13. ТВЪРДa воля a firm/ an unwavering will 14. ТВЪРДa корица a hard cover 15. ТВЪРДa подвързия a stiff binding 16. ТВЪРДa позиция a strong/ hard/firm lire 17. ТВЪРДa ръка a firm hand, (сигурна)а steady hard 18. ТВЪРДo намерние a firm intention 19. ТВЪРДo решение determination. a grim resolve 20. ТВЪРДo становище/убеждение a strong/ firm stand/conviction 21. ТВЪРДo тяло физ. solid: ТВЪРДи небце анат. hard palate 22. ТВЪРДа яка a stiff collar;a stand-up collar 23. ТВЪРДи крачки firm/unfaltering steps 24. ТВЪРДи цени fixed/ stable/steady prices 25. заемам no-ТВЪРДo стaновище stiffen o.'s attitude (към to) 26. оставам ТВЪРД remain unshaken/firm/steadfast;never budge 27. прен. (смел, решителен, непоколебим) firm, steadfast, unyielding, stiff, stubborn, staunch, steady 28. физ. solid -
69 Überzeugung
f conviction; (fester Glaube) firm belief; politische etc.: convictions Pl.; gemeinsame Überzeugung shared belief; gegen seine Überzeugung handeln go against one’s convictions; der Überzeugung sein, dass... be convinced that...; weitS. (der Meinung sein) be of the opinion that...; der festen Überzeugung sein, dass... be firmly ( oder absolutely) convinced that...; zu der Überzeugung gelangen, dass... come to the conclusion that, come to believe that...; wenn Sie wirklich der Überzeugung sind if that’s what you really believe; zu seiner Überzeugung stehen have the courage of one’s convictions* * *die Überzeugungfirm belief; conviction* * *Über|zeu|gungf1) (= das Überzeugen) convincing2) (= das Überzeugtsein) conviction; (= Prinzipien) convictions pl, beliefs plmeiner Überzéúgung nach..., nach meiner Überzéúgung... — I am convinced (that)..., it is my conviction that...
aus Überzéúgung — out of principle
ich bin der festen Überzéúgung, dass... — I am firmly convinced that..., I am of the firm conviction that...
zu der Überzéúgung gelangen or kommen, dass..., die Überzéúgung gewinnen, dass... — to become convinced that..., to arrive at the conviction that...
See:→ Brustton* * *((a) strong belief: It's my conviction that he's right.) conviction* * *Über·zeu·gung<-, -en>[y:bɐˈtsɔygʊŋ]freligiöse \Überzeugung religious beliefs [or convictions] nplzu der \Überzeugung gelangen [o kommen], dass... to become convinced that..., to arrive at [or reach] the conviction that...der \Überzeugung sein to share the convictionder [festen] \Überzeugung sein, dass... to be [firmly] convinced [or of the [firm] conviction] that...nicht der \Überzeugung sein, dass... to not be convinced that...jds \Überzeugung nach [o nach jds \Überzeugung] [...] sb is convinced [that...]; s.a. Brusttonfreie \Überzeugung des Gerichts independent conviction of the court* * *1) o. Pl. convincing; (das Umstimmen) persuasion2) (feste Meinung) convictionzu der Überzeugung kommen od. gelangen, dass... — become convinced that...
meiner Überzeugung nach... — I am convinced that...
* * *gemeinsame Überzeugung shared belief;gegen seine Überzeugung handeln go against one’s convictions;der Überzeugung sein, dass … be convinced that …; weitS. (der Meinung sein) be of the opinion that …;der festen Überzeugung sein, dass … be firmly ( oder absolutely) convinced that …;zu der Überzeugung gelangen, dass … come to the conclusion that, come to believe that …;wenn Sie wirklich der Überzeugung sind if that’s what you really believe;zu seiner Überzeugung stehen have the courage of one’s convictions* * *1) o. Pl. convincing; (das Umstimmen) persuasion2) (feste Meinung) convictionzu der Überzeugung kommen od. gelangen, dass... — become convinced that...
meiner Überzeugung nach... — I am convinced that...
* * *f.belief (in) n.conviction n.persuasion n. -
70 forcé
force [fɔʀs]1. feminine nouna. ( = vigueur) strength• à la force du poignet [obtenir qch, réussir] by the sweat of one's browb. ( = violence) forced. [de coup, vent] force ; [d'argument, sentiment, alcool, médicament] strengthg. (locutions)► à force• à force, tu vas le casser you'll end up breaking it► de force• arriver or venir en force to arrive in force• passer en force [+ projet] to force through2. compounds* * *fɔʀs
1.
1) ( de personne)forces — strength [U]
de toutes ses forces — [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart
avec force — [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly
2) ( contrainte) forcecoup de force — Armée strike
3) ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur, personne) strength; ( d'expression) forceils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs — they are evenly matched at chess
revenir en force, faire un retour en force — to make a strong comeback
4) ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force5) Physique, fig force6) ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength7) ( ensemble humain) forceforces navales — navy (sg)
forces terrestres — army (sg)
2.
à force (colloq) locution adverbialeà force, elle l'a cassé — she ended up breaking it
3.
à force de locution prépositiveà force d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter — by saving very hard, she was able to buy it
à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer — if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it
Phrasal Verbs:* * *fɔʀs1. nf1) [personne, membre] strengthJe n'ai pas beaucoup de force dans les bras. — I haven't got much strength in my arms.
2) (pour résoudre un conflit) forceIls ont eu recours à la force. — They had to use force.
de force — forcibly, by force
Ils lui ont enlevé son pistolet de force. — They took the gun from him by force.
3) PHYSIQUE, MÉCANIQUE force4) (= puissance) (surnaturelle) powerà force de faire — by doing, by dint of doing
Il a grossi à force de manger autant. — He got fat by eating so much.
arriver en force (= nombreux) — to arrive in force
à toute force (= absolument) — at all costs
cas de force majeure — case of absolute necessity, ASSURANCESact of God
2. forces nfpl1) (physiques) strength sgde toutes mes/ses forces — with all my/his strength
2) MILITAIRE forces3) (= effectifs)* * *A nf1 ( de personne) ( robustesse) strength ¢; ( capacités physiques) forces strength; force musculaire/morale muscular/moral strength; force de caractère strength of character; avoir de la force to be strong; ne plus avoir de force to have no strength left; avoir de la force dans les jambes to have strength in one's legs; avoir/trouver/donner la force de faire to have/find/give the strength to do; je n'ai plus la force de marcher I no longer have the strength to walk; mes forces m'abandonnent I'm getting weak; reprendre des forces to regain one's strength; ça te donnera des forces it will build up your strength; être à bout de forces to feel drained; c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me; de toutes ses forces [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart; dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life; avec force [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly; faire force de rames to pull hard on the oars; faire force de voiles to crowd on sail;2 ( contrainte) force; force armée armed force; recourir à la force to resort to force; être converti/emmené de force to be converted/taken away by force; être marié de force to be forced into marriage; faire faire qch à qn de force to force sb to do sth; entrer de force dans un lieu to force one's way into a place; jouer en force Sport to play flat out; par la force des choses through force of circumstance; vouloir à toute force to want at all costs; force est/m'est de faire there is/I have no choice but to do; coup de force Mil strike;3 ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur) strength; fig ( d'expression) force; ( de personne) strength; la force militaire/économique du pays the country's military/economic strength; c'est ce qui fait leur force that's where their strength lies; ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs they are evenly matched at chess; être de force à faire to be up to doing; tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui you're no match for him; joueur/traducteur de première force top-flight ou top-quality player/translator; revenir en force, faire un retour en force to make a strong comeback;4 ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force; la force de l'habitude force of habit; avoir force de loi to have the force of law;5 Phys, fig force; force d'attraction force of attraction; force centrifuge centrifugal force; forces naturelles/occultes natural/occult forces; les forces de marché Écon market forces; les forces du mal the forces of evil;6 ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength; vent de force 1 à 3 breeze blowing at force 1 to 3; vent de force 4 à 7 wind force 4 to 7; vent de force 8 à 10 force 8 to 10 gale;7 ( ensemble humain) force; force de vente sales force; force d'alternance alternative force; forces productives productive forces; forces d'opposition opposition forces; être/arriver en force to be present/to arrive in force;8 Mil ( corps) force; ( effectifs) forces forces; force multinationale multinational force; forces aériennes air force; forces navales navy; forces terrestres army; forces armées/intégrées/d'occupation armed/integrated/occupying forces; d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police.B †adv donner force exemples to give many an example; avec force excuses/remerciements with profuse apologies/thanks.C à force de loc prép réussir à force de patience/travail to succeed by dint of patience/hard work; à force d'économies or d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter by saving very hard, she was able to buy it; il est aphone à force de crier he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice; à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it; à force○, elle l'a cassé she ended up breaking it.force d'action rapide Mil rapid reaction force; force d'âme fortitude; force de dissuasion Mil deterrent force; fig deterrent; force de frappe ( arme nucléaire) nuclear weapons (pl); ( groupe) strike force; force d'interposition Mil peacekeeping force; force d'intervention Mil task force; force de la nature (real) Goliath; force de pénétration Tech penetration; force publique police force; forces de l'ordre forces of law and order; forces vives life blood ¢; Force ouvrière, FO Pol French trade union; Forces françaises de l'intérieur, FFI Hist Resistance forces operating in France during the Second World War; Forces françaises libres, FFL Hist Free French Forces.1. [obligé] forcedatterrissage forcé emergency ou forced landing2. [inévitable] inevitable3. [sans spontanéité] strained -
71 дълбок
1. deepдълбок един метър one metre deep. one metre in depthдълбока оран deep ploughingдълбок печат deep copper printдълбока чиния soup-plateдълбоко порязване a deep/nasty cutдълбоки очи deep-set eyesс дълбоки корени deep-rooted2. прен. (който прониква дълбоко) penetrating, penetrativeдълбок поглед a penetrating glanceпрен. deep insight (into)(за познание) deep(за чувство, настроение) deep, profound, great, deep-seated/-rootedдълбоко презрение profound contemptдълбоко предубеждение a deep-rooted prejudiceдълбоко убеждение a deep seated/a profound convictionдълбоко възмущение strong/great indignationдълбоко разкаяние bitter remorseдълбока скръб/печал deep sorrow/griefдълбока умраза a deep-seated hatred(за мъдрост, смисъл) profound, very great(за ум) penetrating(за книга) thoughtful. pregnant with meaning(за причина) deep lying; underlying, ultimate(за тайна) dead(за невежество) complete, utter, profound(за сън) deep. sound, profound(за тишина) profound(за тъмнина) dense(за въздишка) deep (-drawn), heavy(за глас) deep, bass(за поклон) deep, lowдълбока древност high/hoary antiquity, remote pastдълбока старост extreme/good old ageдълбока резерва an emergency stockдълбока нощ the dead/stillness/silence of nightдълбока зима the midst of winter, midwinterleave a deep impression, put a deep imprint (в on)в дълбоката провинция in the depth of the country, deep in the country, at the back of beyondако ще се давиш, в дълбока вода да се давиш as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb* * *дълбо̀к,прил.1. deep; (за чувство, настроение) heart-felt; \дълбок един метър one metre deep, one metre in depth; \дълбок печат deep copper print; \дълбока чиния soup-plate; \дълбоки очи deep-set eyes; \дълбоко порязване a deep/nasty cut; с \дълбоки корени deep-rooted; снегът е \дълбок един метър the snow is one metre high/in depth;2. прен. ( който прониква дълбоко) penetrating, penetrative; \дълбок поглед a penetrating glance; прен. deep insight (into); (за познание) deep; (за чувство, настроение) deep, profound, great, deep-seated/-rooted; \дълбока омраза deep-seated hatred; \дълбока скръб/печал deep sorrow/grief; \дълбоко възмущение strong/great indignation; \дълбоко предубеждение deep-rooted prejudice; \дълбоко презрение profound contempt; \дълбоко разкаяние bitter remorse; \дълбоко убеждение deep-seated/profound conviction; (за мъдрост, смисъл) profound, very great; (за ум) penetrating; (за книга) thoughtful, pregnant with meaning; (за причина) deep lying; underlying, ultimate; (за тайна) dead; (за невежество) complete, utter, profound; (за сън) deep, sound, profound; (за тишина) profound; (за тъмнина) dense; (за въздишка) deep(-drawn), heavy; (за глас) deep, bass; (за поклон) deep, low; • ако ще се давиш, в \дълбока вода да бъде as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb; в \дълбоката провинция in the depth of the country, deep in the country, at the back of beyond; до \дълбока старост to a ripe old age; \дълбока древност high/hoary antiquity, remote past; \дълбока зима the midst of winter, midwinter; \дълбока нощ the dead/stillness/silence of night; \дълбока резерва an emergency stock; \дълбока старост extreme/good old age; оставям \дълбоки следи leave lasting traces; leave o.’s mark; leave a deep impression, put a deep imprint (в on).* * *deep: one metre дълбок - дълбок един метър; penetrating ; penetrative ; rooted {`ru;tid}* * *1. (за въздишка) deep(-drawn), heavy 2. (за глас) deep, bass 3. (за книга) thoughtful. pregnant with meaning 4. (за мъдрост, смисъл) profound, very great 5. (за невежество) complete, utter, profound 6. (за познание) deep 7. (за поклон) deep, low 8. (за причина) deep lying;underlying, ultimate 9. (за сън) deep. sound, profound 10. (за тайна) dead 11. (за тишина) profound 12. (за тъмнина) dense 13. (за ум) penetrating 14. (за чувство, настроение) deep, profound, great, deep-seated/-rooted 15. deep 16. leave a deep impression, put a deep imprint (в on) 17. ДЪЛБОК един метър one metre deep. one metre in depth 18. ДЪЛБОК печат deep copper print 19. ДЪЛБОК поглед a penetrating glance 20. ДЪЛБОКa древност high/hoary antiquity, remote past 21. ДЪЛБОКa зима the midst of winter, midwinter 22. ДЪЛБОКa нощ the dead/stillness/silence of night 23. ДЪЛБОКa оран deep ploughing 24. ДЪЛБОКa резерва an emergency stock 25. ДЪЛБОКa скръб/печал deep sorrow/ grief 26. ДЪЛБОКa умраза a deep-seated hatred 27. ДЪЛБОКa чиния soup-plate 28. ДЪЛБОКo възмущение strong/great indignation 29. ДЪЛБОКo порязване a deep/nasty cut 30. ДЪЛБОКo предубеждение a deep-rooted prejudice 31. ДЪЛБОКo презрение profound contempt 32. ДЪЛБОКo разкаяние bitter remorse 33. ДЪЛБОКo убеждение a deep seated/a profound conviction 34. ДЪЛБОКа старост extreme/good old age 35. ДЪЛБОКи очи deep-set eyes 36. ако ще се давиш, в ДЪЛБОКа вода да се давиш as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb 37. в ДЪЛБОКата провинция in the depth of the country, deep in the country, at the back of beyond 38. до ДЪЛБОКa старост to a ripe old age 39. оставям ДЪЛБОКи следи leave lasting traces;leave o.'s mark 40. прен. (който прониква дълбоко) penetrating, penetrative 41. прен. deep insight (into) 42. с ДЪЛБОКи корени deep-rooted 43. снегът е ДЪЛБОК едни метър the snow is one metre high/in depth -
72 убедителен
convincing, persuasive; (psychologically) credible(за довод и) cogent, weighty, strong, conclusive; tellingпривеждам убедителни причини за show just cause for(за образ) convincing, true to life, lifelikeубедителен съм (за довод, тон) carry conviction* * *убедѝтелен,прил., -на, -но, -ни convincing, convictive; persuasive; (psychologically) credible; (за довод и пр.) cogent, weighty, strong, conclusive; forceful, forcible; (за образ) convincing, true to life, lifelike; защитата е \убедителенна the pleading is sufficient; \убедителенен съм (за довод, тон) carry conviction.* * *convincing ; persuasive (за довод); decisive ; demonstrative ; emphatic {im`fEtik}; evidential (доказващ); slick ; solid: убедителен reasons - убедителни причини* * *1. (за довод и) cogent, weighty, strong, conclusive;telling 2. (за образ) convincing, true to life, lifelike 3. convincing, persuasive;(psychologically) credible 4. УБЕДИТЕЛЕН съм (за довод, тон) carry conviction. 5. привеждам убедителни причини за show just cause for -
73 strength
see strongstrength n fuerzatr[streŋɵ]1 (of person - physical) fuerza, fuerzas nombre femenino plural, fortaleza; (- stamina) resistencia, aguante nombre masculino2 (intellectual, spiritual) fortaleza, entereza, firmeza3 (of machine, object) resistencia; (of wind, current) fuerza; (of light, sound, magnet, lens) potencia4 (of solution) concentración nombre femenino; (of drug) potencia; (of alcohol) graduación nombre femenino6 (of argument, evidence, story) fuerza, validez nombre femenino, credibilidad nombre femenino; (of emotion, conviction, colour) intensidad nombre femenino; (of protest) energía7 (strong point) punto fuerte, virtud nombre femenino; (ability, capability) capacidad nombre femenino; (advantage) ventaja■ her strength as a teacher lies in her patience su capacidad como profesora estriba en su paciencia8 (power, influence) poder nombre masculino, potencia9 (force in numbers) fuerza numérica, número\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin great strength en gran númeroto be on the strength (be a member) formar parte del personalto do something on the strength of something hacer algo basándose en algoto be at full strength estar con la plantilla completato be under strength estar corto,-a de personalto go from strength to strength ir ganando fuerzas, marchar viento en popastrength ['strɛŋkɵ] n1) power: fuerza f2) solidity, toughness: solidez f, resistencia f, dureza f3) intensity: intensidad f (de emociones, etc.), lo fuerte (de un sabor, etc.)4) : punto m fuertestrengths and weaknesses: virtudes y defectos5) number: número m, complemento min full strength: en gran númeron.• aguante s.m.• facultad s.m.• fibra s.f.• fortaleza s.f.• fuerza s.f.• intensidad s.f.• rejo s.m.• resistencia s.f.streŋθ1) u ( of persons)a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f físicab) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza fstrength of will — fuerza f de voluntad
strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter
strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f
give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!
2) u (of economy, currency) solidez fpolitical/military strength — poderío m político/militar
3) ua) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación fhalf-strength — diluido al 50%
b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad fc) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgicowe employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación
on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel
4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuertefrom strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa
5) u c ( force in numbers) número mwe're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal
[streŋθ]Nshe swims to build up the strength in her muscles — nada para fortalecer los músculos or coger fuerza en los músculos
you'll soon get your strength back — pronto recobrarás las fuerzas or te repondrás
•
to save one's strength — ahorrar las energías•
with all my strength — con todas mis fuerzashis help gives me the strength to carry on — su ayuda me da fortaleza or fuerzas para seguir adelante
•
to draw strength from sth — sacar fuerzas de algo•
the independence movement is gathering strength — el movimiento independiente está cobrando fuerza•
give me strength! * — ¡Dios dame paciencia! *gather, tower•
inner strength — fuerza interior3) (=sturdiness) [of material, structure, frame] resistencia f4) (=power) [of argument] lo convincente, solidez f ; [of claim, case, evidence] peso m ; [of protests] lo enérgico; [of magnet, lens, drug] potencia f ; [of wind] fuerza f ; [of alcohol] graduación f•
on the strength of that success she applied for promotion — en base a ese éxito, solicitó un ascensohe was recruited on the strength of his communication skills — lo contrataron en virtud de or debido a su aptitud para comunicarse
5) (=intensity) [of emotion] intensidad f, fuerza f ; [of sound] potencia f ; [of colour] intensidad fhe warned the government not to underestimate the strength of feeling among voters — advirtió al gobierno que no subestimara la intensidad or fuerza de los sentimientos de los votantes
6) [of currency] (=value) valor m ; (=high value) solidez f, fuerza four decision will depend on the strength of the pound — nuestra decisión dependerá del valor de la libra
exports fell owing to the strength of the pound — las exportaciones bajaron debido a la solidez or la fuerza de la libra
7) (=good point, asset) punto m fuerteto go from strength to strength —
his movie career is going from strength to strength — su carrera cinematográfica marcha viento en popa
he has promised to increase the strength of the police force — ha prometido incrementar los efectivos de la policía
•
to be at full strength — [army] disponer de todos sus efectivos; (Sport) [team] contar con todos sus jugadores; [office] contar con todo el personal•
his supporters were there in strength or had come in strength — sus partidarios habían acudido en masa•
to be on the strength — (gen) formar parte de la plantilla; (Mil) formar parte del regimientoto take sb on to the strength — admitir a algn en la plantilla; (Mil) admitir a algn en el regimiento
•
to be under or below strength, the team was under or below strength due to injuries — el equipo contaba con pocos jugadores debido a las lesionestwo people are off sick so we're a bit under or below strength — dos de los empleados se encuentran enfermos y estamos un poco cortos de personal
his army was seriously under or below strength — su ejército contaba con poquísimos efectivos
* * *[streŋθ]1) u ( of persons)a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f físicab) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza fstrength of will — fuerza f de voluntad
strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter
strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f
give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!
2) u (of economy, currency) solidez fpolitical/military strength — poderío m político/militar
3) ua) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación fhalf-strength — diluido al 50%
b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad fc) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgicowe employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación
on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel
4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuertefrom strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa
5) u c ( force in numbers) número mwe're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal
-
74 robuste
robuste [ʀɔbyst]adjectiverobust ; [voiture] solid* * *ʀɔbystadjectif [personne, machine] robust, sturdy; [plante] sturdy; [constitution, santé] robust, sound; [appétit] healthy; [foi] strong, firm* * *ʀɔbyst adjrobust, sturdy* * *robuste adj [personne, animal, machine, constitution] robust, sturdy; [plante, arbres] sturdy; [constitution, santé] robust, sound; [appétit] healthy; [foi, conviction] strong, firm.[rɔbyst] adjectif2. [santé] sounddoté d'une robuste constitution blessed with a robust ou sound constitution3. [arbre, plante] hardy4. [meuble] sturdy -
75 convaincu
convaincu, e [kɔ̃vɛ̃ky]* * *convaincue kɔ̃vɛ̃ky adjectif ( résolu) [partisan] staunch* * *kɔ̃vɛ̃ky convaincu, -e1. ppSee:2. adjTu n'as pas l'air convaincu. — You don't look convinced.
* * *A pp ⇒ convaincre.B pp adj1 ( persuadé) convinced; [partisan] staunch; d'un ton convaincu with conviction; s'adresser à des auditeurs convaincus to preach to the converted;2 ( prouvé coupable) found guilty (de of).( féminin convaincue) [kɔ̃vɛ̃ky] adjectif————————, convaincue [kɔ̃vɛ̃ky] nom masculin, nom féminin -
76 tienda
f.1 shop, store (establecimiento).ir de tiendas to go shoppingtienda de antigüedades antique shoptienda de artículos de regalo gift shoptienda de deportes sports shoptienda libre de impuestos duty-free shoptienda de muebles furniture shoptienda de ropa clothes shoptienda virtual online store o retailer2 tent.3 tentorium.pres.subj.1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: tender.* * *1 (establecimiento) shop, US store2 (de campaña) tent3 (de carro) cover\ir de tiendas to go shoppingtienda de campaña tenttienda de comestibles / tienda de ultramarinos grocer's, US grocery storetienda de modas boutique* * *noun f.store, shop* * *SF1) (Com) shop, storetienda de abarrotes — CAm, And, Méx grocer's (shop) ( esp Brit), grocery (EEUU)
tienda de comestibles — grocer's (shop), grocery (EEUU)
tienda de deportes — sports shop, sporting goods store (EEUU)
tienda de ultramarinos — grocer's (shop), grocery (EEUU)
tienda electrónica — e-shop ( esp Brit), e-store ( esp EEUU)
tienda por departamento — Caribe department store
2) (tb: tienda de campaña) tent3) (Náut) awning4) (Med)* * *1) (Com) ( en general) store (esp AmE), shop (esp BrE); ( de comestibles) grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE)la tienda de la esquina — the local convenience store, the corner shop (BrE)
2) (Dep, Mil, Ocio) tbponer or montar or armar una tienda — to put up o pitch a tent
quitar or desmontar or desarmar una tienda — to take down a tent
* * *= retail outlet, shop, store, workshop, drugstore, storefront, commercial outlet, retail store, retail shop, general store.Ex. It has never yet been seriously argued that there should be restrictions placed on any retail outlets wishing to sell books.Ex. In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.Ex. The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.Ex. The customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street, even though this meant going down some steps, the floor of the workshop being below road-level.Ex. We need to act on this conviction (it means a shift in political and social consciousness that may be painful to many) if the library is to be a source of energy and not a drugstore.Ex. This article outlines some of the virtual shopping malls and storefronts available and explains how to find out about commercial resources on the net = Este artículo describe en líneas generales algunos de los centros comerciales y tiendas virtuales existentes y explica cómo encontrar recursos comerciales en la red.Ex. People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.Ex. Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.Ex. Books were advertised in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by means of printed publishers' lists, which were carried about by salesmen and were probably put up in retail shops.Ex. Each village had its own church, school, bakery, dairy, wine cellar, craft shops and general store.----* cadena de tiendas = discount store.* calle de tiendas = shopping street.* comprar regularmente en una tienda = patronise + shop.* frecuentar una tienda = patronise + shop.* frontal de la tienda = shop-front [shopfront].* galería de tiendas = mall of shops, mall.* hurtar en una tienda = shoplift.* hurto en tienda = shoplifting.* orientado hacia las tiendas = shop-based.* plantar una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* robar en una tienda = shoplift.* ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.* tienda artesanal = craft shop.* tienda benéfica = charity shop.* tienda de alimentos naturales = health food store, health food shop.* tienda de alquiler = rental outlet.* tienda de animales = pet shop.* tienda de antigüedades = antique(s) shop.* tienda de artesanía = craft shop.* tienda de artículos deportivos = sporting goods store.* tienda de artículos para regalo = gift shop, novelty shop.* tienda de barrio = convenience store.* tienda de batidos = smoothie shop.* tienda de bebidas alcohólicas = liquor store.* tienda de bricolaje = home improvement store.* tienda de campaña = tent.* tienda de caramelos = confectioner.* tienda de comestibles = grocery, grocer, grocery store, food shop, food store.* tienda de compras por Internet = online store.* tienda de delicatesen = gourmet food store.* tienda de deporte = sporting goods store.* tienda de discos = record shop, record store.* tienda de efectos navales = chandlery.* tienda de electricidad = electrical shop, electrical store, electric shop.* tienda de electrónica = electronics shop, electronics store.* tienda de juguetes = toy shop.* tienda de la esquina = corner shop, the.* tienda de la esquina, la = corner drugstore, the.* tienda de mascotas = pet shop.* tienda de muebles = furniture shop, furniture store.* tienda de música = music store.* tienda de novedades = novelty shop.* tienda de periódicos = newsagent's shop.* tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.* tienda de recuerdos = souvenir shop.* tienda de regalos = souvenir shop, gift shop, novelty shop.* tienda de ropa = dress shop, clothing store.* tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.* tienda de ultramarinos = grocery, grocer, grocery store, food shop, food store.* tienda de una cadena = chain store.* tienda eletrónica = online store.* tienda en línea = online store.* tienda en lugar poco poblado = trading post.* tienda india = tepee, wigwam.* tienda online = online store.* tienda que vende de todo = general store.* tienda virtual = online store.* * *1) (Com) ( en general) store (esp AmE), shop (esp BrE); ( de comestibles) grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE)la tienda de la esquina — the local convenience store, the corner shop (BrE)
2) (Dep, Mil, Ocio) tbponer or montar or armar una tienda — to put up o pitch a tent
quitar or desmontar or desarmar una tienda — to take down a tent
* * *= retail outlet, shop, store, workshop, drugstore, storefront, commercial outlet, retail store, retail shop, general store.Ex: It has never yet been seriously argued that there should be restrictions placed on any retail outlets wishing to sell books.
Ex: In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.Ex: The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.Ex: The customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street, even though this meant going down some steps, the floor of the workshop being below road-level.Ex: We need to act on this conviction (it means a shift in political and social consciousness that may be painful to many) if the library is to be a source of energy and not a drugstore.Ex: This article outlines some of the virtual shopping malls and storefronts available and explains how to find out about commercial resources on the net = Este artículo describe en líneas generales algunos de los centros comerciales y tiendas virtuales existentes y explica cómo encontrar recursos comerciales en la red.Ex: People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.Ex: Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.Ex: Books were advertised in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by means of printed publishers' lists, which were carried about by salesmen and were probably put up in retail shops.Ex: Each village had its own church, school, bakery, dairy, wine cellar, craft shops and general store.* cadena de tiendas = discount store.* calle de tiendas = shopping street.* comprar regularmente en una tienda = patronise + shop.* frecuentar una tienda = patronise + shop.* frontal de la tienda = shop-front [shopfront].* galería de tiendas = mall of shops, mall.* hurtar en una tienda = shoplift.* hurto en tienda = shoplifting.* orientado hacia las tiendas = shop-based.* plantar una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* robar en una tienda = shoplift.* ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.* tienda artesanal = craft shop.* tienda benéfica = charity shop.* tienda de alimentos naturales = health food store, health food shop.* tienda de alquiler = rental outlet.* tienda de animales = pet shop.* tienda de antigüedades = antique(s) shop.* tienda de artesanía = craft shop.* tienda de artículos deportivos = sporting goods store.* tienda de artículos para regalo = gift shop, novelty shop.* tienda de barrio = convenience store.* tienda de batidos = smoothie shop.* tienda de bebidas alcohólicas = liquor store.* tienda de bricolaje = home improvement store.* tienda de campaña = tent.* tienda de caramelos = confectioner.* tienda de comestibles = grocery, grocer, grocery store, food shop, food store.* tienda de compras por Internet = online store.* tienda de delicatesen = gourmet food store.* tienda de deporte = sporting goods store.* tienda de discos = record shop, record store.* tienda de efectos navales = chandlery.* tienda de electricidad = electrical shop, electrical store, electric shop.* tienda de electrónica = electronics shop, electronics store.* tienda de juguetes = toy shop.* tienda de la esquina = corner shop, the.* tienda de la esquina, la = corner drugstore, the.* tienda de mascotas = pet shop.* tienda de muebles = furniture shop, furniture store.* tienda de música = music store.* tienda de novedades = novelty shop.* tienda de periódicos = newsagent's shop.* tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.* tienda de recuerdos = souvenir shop.* tienda de regalos = souvenir shop, gift shop, novelty shop.* tienda de ropa = dress shop, clothing store.* tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.* tienda de ultramarinos = grocery, grocer, grocery store, food shop, food store.* tienda de una cadena = chain store.* tienda eletrónica = online store.* tienda en línea = online store.* tienda en lugar poco poblado = trading post.* tienda india = tepee, wigwam.* tienda online = online store.* tienda que vende de todo = general store.* tienda virtual = online store.* * *A ( Com)1 (en general) store ( esp AmE), shop ( esp BrE); (de comestibles) grocery store ( AmE), grocer's (shop) ( BrE)la tienda de la esquina the local convenience store, the corner shop ( BrE)ir de tiendas to go shoppingva a abrir su propia tienda she's going to open her own shop o storeCompuestos:● tienda de alimentación or comestiblesantique shop o ( AmE) store( Méx) department storesports shop o ( AmE) storeboutiquefurniture shop o ( AmE) storegift shop o ( AmE) storetienda de campaña tentponer or montar or armar una tienda to put up o pitch a tentquitar or desmontar or desarmar una tienda to take down a tentCompuestos:ridge tentoxygen tenttrailer tent* * *
Del verbo tender: ( conjugate tender)
tienda es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
tender
tienda
tender ( conjugate tender) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ ropa› ( afuera) to hang out;
( dentro de la casa) to hang (up);
2
‹ mantel› to spread;
‹ mesa› to lay, set
3
( suspendido) to hang
4 ‹ emboscada› to lay, set;
‹ trampa› to set
verbo intransitivo ( inclinarse) tienda a hacer algo to tend to do sth;
tenderse verbo pronominal ( tumbarse) to lie down
tienda sustantivo femenino
1 (Com) ( en general) store (esp AmE), shop (esp BrE);
tienda de comestibles or (AmC, Andes, Méx) abarrotes grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE)
2 (Dep, Mil, Ocio) tb
poner or montar una tienda to put up o pitch a tent;
desmontar una tienda to take down a tent
tender
I verbo transitivo
1 (la ropa) to hang out
2 (tumbar) to lay: la tendimos en el sofá, we laid her on the sofa
3 (extender, desplegar) to spread: tendió la manta en el suelo, he streched the blanket out on the floor
4 (cables, una vía) to lay
(puente) to build
5 (ofrecer) to hold out: me tendió la mano, he held out his hand
(alargar, aproximar) to pass, hand
6 (una emboscada, trampa) to set
II verbo intransitivo to tend [a, to]: tiende a ser pesimista, he is prone to pessimism
tienda sustantivo femenino
1 Com shop, US store: tienda de comestibles o ultramarinos, grocer's (shop), US grocery
tienda de regalos, gift shop
tienda libre de impuestos, dutyfree shop
2 tienda de campaña, tent
' tienda' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarrotería
- abrir
- alfarería
- almacén
- amarrar
- antigüedad
- aparador
- asaltar
- barrio
- bodega
- caja
- camisería
- carpa
- cristalería
- despachar
- desvalijar
- escaparate
- expositor
- expositora
- informatización
- instalar
- lavabo
- lencería
- luna
- negocio
- papelería
- pedir
- peletería
- perfumería
- premamá
- presupuesto
- puesta
- puesto
- relojería
- saquear
- saqueo
- sillería
- sombrerería
- tapicería
- trapería
- ultramarinos
- venir
- a
- abarrotes
- anticuario
- armar
- asalto
- atención
- atender
- autoservicio
English:
around
- browse
- caller
- chain store
- counter
- curio
- dairy
- deal with
- delicatessen
- department
- duty-free
- establishment
- expand
- fitting
- fix-it
- flagship
- flap
- florist
- footwear
- good
- grocer
- grocery
- haberdashery
- interest
- junk shop
- lock up
- look round
- loot
- lower
- man
- open
- paper shop
- peg
- pitch
- processing
- return
- salesman
- saleswoman
- serve
- set up
- shop
- short-change
- stock
- store
- tent
- window
- antique
- bound
- cash
- chain
* * *tienda nf1. [establecimiento] shop, store;ir de tiendas to go shoppingAndes, CAm, Méx tienda de abarrotes Br grocer's shop, US grocery store;tienda de antigüedades antique shop;tienda de artículos de regalo gift shop;Méx tienda bandera flagship store;tienda de departamentos department store;tienda de deportes sports shop;tienda de fábrica factory outlet;tienda libre de impuestos duty-free shop;tienda insignia flagship store;tienda de modas clothes shop o store;tienda de muebles furniture shop o store;tienda de ropa clothes shop o store;tienda virtual on-line store o retailermontar/desmontar la tienda to pitch/take down one's tenttienda (de campaña) canadiense ridge tent; Med tienda de oxígeno oxygen tent* * *f store, shop;ir de tiendas go shopping* * *tienda nf1) : store, shop2) ortienda de campaña : tent* * *tienda n shop -
77 दृढ _dṛḍha
दृढ a. [दृंह्-क्त नि˚ नलोपः]1 Fixed, firm, strong, un- swerving, untiring; असंगशस्त्रेण दृढेन छित्त्वा Bg.15.3; दृढभक्तिः H.3.58; दृढव्रतम् R.13.78.-2 Solid, massive.-3 Con- firmed, established.-4 Steady, persevering; भजन्ते मां दृढव्रताः Bg.7.28.-5 Firmly fastened, shut fast.-6 Compact.-7 Tight, close, dense.-8 Strong, intense, great, excessive, mighty, severe, powerful; तस्याः करि- ष्यामि दृढानुतापम् Ku.3.8; R.11.46.-9 Tough.-1 Difficult to be drawn or bent (as a bow); दृढस्य धनुष आयमनम् Ch. Up.1.3.5.-11 Durable.-12 Reliable.-13 Certain, sure.-14 Hard-hearted, cruel; U.4.-15 Secure.-16 (In Math.) Reduced to the smallest number by a common divisor.-ढम् 1 Iron.-2 A stronghold, fortress.-3 Excess, abundance, high degree-4 Anything fixed or firm or solid.-ढम् ind.1 Firmly, fast.-2 Very much, excessively, vehemently.-3 Thoroughly.-Comp. -अङ्ग a. strong-limbed, stout. (-गम्) a diamond.-अनुतापः deep repentance; तस्याः करिष्यामि दृढानुतापम् Ku.3.8.-आयुधः an epithet of Śiva.-इषुधि a. having a strong quiver.-काण्डः, -ग्रन्थिः, -पत्रः a bamboo.-कारिन् a. resolute.-कट्टुकः (in Math.) a multiplier admitting of no further simplifica- tion or reduction.-गात्रिका granulated sugar.-ग्राहिन् a. seizing firmly, pursuing an object with untiring energy, resolute; दृढग्राही करोमीति जाप्यं जपति जापकः Mb.12. 197.11.-दंशकः a shark.-द्वार a. having the gates well-secured.-धनः an epithet of Buddha.-धन्वन्, -धन्विन् m. a good archer; राजानं दृढधन्वानं दिलीपं सत्यवादि- नम् Mb.-धृति a. resolute.-नाभः a spell for restraining अस्त्रs; Rām.1.29.5.-निश्चय a.1 of firm resolve, resolute, firm.-2 confirmed.-नीरः, -फलः the cocoa- nut tree.-पाद a. resolute. (-दः) an epithet of Brahmā.-पृष्ठकः a tortoise.-प्रतिज्ञ a. firm to a promise, true to one's word, faithful to an agreement.-प्रत्ययः firm confidence, settled conviction; संप्राप्तान्न पुरा न संप्रति न च प्राप्तौ दृढप्रत्ययान् Bh.3.-प्ररोहः the holy fig tree.-प्रहारिन् a.1 striking hard.-2 hitting firmly, shooting surely.-भक्ति a. faithful, devoted.-भाजकः (In Math.) the greatest common measure.-भूमिः a person with a firm concentration of his mind in yogic studies; स तु दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारसेवितो दृढमतिः Yogadarśana.-भेदिन् A good archer; भ्राम्यञ्जले घटो वेध्यश्चक्रे मृत्पिण्डकं तथा । भ्रमन्तं वेधयेद्यो हि दृढभेदी स उच्यते ॥ Dhanur.15.-मति a. resolute, strong-willed, firm.-मन्यु a. having intense anger or grief; भार्गवाय दृढमन्यवे पुनः क्षत्रमुद्यतमिव न्यवेदयत् R.11.46.-मुष्टि a. close-fisted, miserly, niggardly.(-ष्टिः) 1 a sword.-2 strong fist; Ks.19.148.-मूलः, -वृक्षः the cocoa-nut tree.-रङ्गा alum.-लोमन् m. a wild hog.-वैरिन् m. a relentless foe; an inveterate enemy.-व्रत a.1 firm in religious austerity. एवं दृढव्रतो नित्यं ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः Ms.11.81.-2 firm, faithful.-3 perse- vering, persistent.-संधि a.1 firmly united, closely joined.-2 close, compact.-3 thick-set.-सौहृद a. firm in friendship. -
78 belief
see believebelief n creencia / fetr[bɪ'liːf]1 (gen) creencia2 (opinion) opinión nombre femenino3 (confidence) confianza\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto the best of my belief que yo sepait is my firm belief that creo firmemente queit is beyond belief parece mentirabelief [bə'li:f] n1) trust: confianza f2) conviction: creencia f, convicción f3) faith: fe fn.• convencimiento s.m.• creencia s.f.• opinión s.f.bə'liːf, bɪ'liːfa) u c (conviction, opinion) creencia fit is my belief that he lied — (frml) creo que mintió
she acted in the belief that... — actuó convencida de que...
b) u ( confidence)belief in somebody/something — confianza f or fe f en alguien/algo
[bɪ'liːf]N1) (=tenet, doctrine) creencia f ; (=trust) confianza f ; (=opinion) opinión fcontrary to popular belief... — al contrario de lo que muchos creen...
it is my belief that... — estoy convencido de que...
I did it in the belief that... — lo hice creyendo que...
it's beyond belief — es increíble ( that que)
* * *[bə'liːf, bɪ'liːf]a) u c (conviction, opinion) creencia fit is my belief that he lied — (frml) creo que mintió
she acted in the belief that... — actuó convencida de que...
b) u ( confidence)belief in somebody/something — confianza f or fe f en alguien/algo
-
79 creencia
f.belief.cada cual es libre de tener sus creencias everyone is entitled to their own opiniones una creencia popular it's a commonly held belief* * *1 belief\creencia religiosa religious belief* * *noun f.* * *SF belief (en in)en la creencia de que... — in the belief that...
* * *femenino beliefen la creencia de que... — in the belief that...
* * *= belief, conviction, persuasion, credo, shibboleth.Ex. Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.Ex. It is a source of innovation and strength, but it blurs traditional distinctions and can unsettle professional convictions.Ex. However, libraries are not subject to the will and/or persuasions of the majority.Ex. This has created problems -- donning this mantle, with its 'publish or perish' credo, has forced a re-evaluation of the librarian's role.Ex. The article is entitled ' Shibboleth and substance in North American library and information science education'.----* creencia común = common belief.* creencia en lo utópico = utopianism.* creencia general = conventional wisdom.* creencia generalmente aceptada = conventional wisdom.* creencia popular = urban legend, popular belief.* creencia religiosa = faith, religious belief.* creencias = creed, belief system.* perpetuar una creencia = perpetuate + belief.* sistema de creencias = belief system.* tener una creencia = hold + belief.* * *femenino beliefen la creencia de que... — in the belief that...
* * *= belief, conviction, persuasion, credo, shibboleth.Ex: Written substantiation of this belief, from a wide variety of points of view, has become plentiful in the 1970s.
Ex: It is a source of innovation and strength, but it blurs traditional distinctions and can unsettle professional convictions.Ex: However, libraries are not subject to the will and/or persuasions of the majority.Ex: This has created problems -- donning this mantle, with its 'publish or perish' credo, has forced a re-evaluation of the librarian's role.Ex: The article is entitled ' Shibboleth and substance in North American library and information science education'.* creencia común = common belief.* creencia en lo utópico = utopianism.* creencia general = conventional wisdom.* creencia generalmente aceptada = conventional wisdom.* creencia popular = urban legend, popular belief.* creencia religiosa = faith, religious belief.* creencias = creed, belief system.* perpetuar una creencia = perpetuate + belief.* sistema de creencias = belief system.* tener una creencia = hold + belief.* * *beliefactué en la creencia de que … I acted in the belief that …* * *
creencia sustantivo femenino
belief
creencia sustantivo femenino belief
' creencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrazar
- aferrarse
- ilusión
- profesar
- subsistir
- asentado
- basar
- culto
- fe
- firme
English:
belief
- conviction
- currency
- delusion
- mistaken
- persuasion
- reinforcement
- secure
- strong
- support
- widespread
- persist
* * *creencia nfbelief;cada cual es libre de tener sus creencias everyone is entitled to their own opinion;es una creencia popular it's a commonly held belief* * *f belief* * *creencia nf: belief* * *creencia n belief -
80 uvjerljivo
adv convincingly, persuasively; without conviction; credibly | djelovati - be convincing/persuasive, carry conviction; vrlo - very convincingly/persuasively, with great conviction/persuasion; making a strong case for; ne zvuči - it doesn't sound convincin* * *• ultimately• stringently• arguably
См. также в других словарях:
conviction — con|vic|tion W3 [kənˈvıkʃən] n 1.) a very strong belief or opinion religious/political etc convictions ▪ a woman of strong political convictions deep/strong conviction ▪ The Dotens have a deep conviction that marriage is for life. conviction that … Dictionary of contemporary English
Conviction (2006 TV series) — Conviction Intertitle Format Legal drama Created by Dick Wolf Starrin … Wikipedia
Conviction politics — refers to the practice of campaigning based on a politicians own fundamental values or ideas, rather than attempting to represent an existing consensus or simply take positions that are popular in polls. On the right, the term has been adopted by … Wikipedia
Conviction — Con*vic tion (k[o^]n*v[i^]k sh[u^]n), n. [L. convictio proof: cf. F. conviction conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See {Convict}, {Convince}.] 1. The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an offense. [1913 Webster] The … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Conviction (2004 TV series) — Conviction Genre Crime drama Starring William Ash David Warner Ian Puleston Davies Reece Dinsdale Nicholas Gleaves Laura Fraser Jason Watkins Country of origin United Kingdom … Wikipedia
Conviction (Angel) — Conviction Angel episode Episode no. Season 5 Episode 1 Directed by Joss Whedon Written by … Wikipedia
strong — W1S1 [strɔŋ US stro:ŋ] adj comparative stronger superlative strongest ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(able to lift heavy things/do hard work)¦ 2¦(not easily damaged)¦ 3¦(able to deal with difficulty)¦ 4¦(powerful)¦ 5¦(feelings/opinions)¦ 6¦(affect/influence)¦… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Strong Poison — Cover of BBC video version … Wikipedia
conviction — [kən vik′shən] n. [ME < LL(Ec) convictio, proof, demonstration] 1. a convicting or being convicted 2. Rare the act of convincing 3. the state or appearance of being convinced, as of the truth of a belief [to speak with conviction] 4. a strong… … English World dictionary
conviction — n. strong belief 1) to carry conviction (his story carries conviction) 2) a burning, deep, firm, strong; lifelong conviction 3) a conviction that + clause (she expressed her firm conviction that television was harmful to children) 4) by… … Combinatory dictionary
conviction — noun 1 for a crime ADJECTIVE ▪ earlier, previous (esp. BrE), prior (AmE) ▪ spent (BrE) ▪ You are not obliged to acknowledge spent convictions. ▪ … Collocations dictionary