per-vĕho

vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. and n. [Sanscr. vahāmi, conduct; Gr. ochos, carriage; ochlos, crowd; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; cf. Lat. via, vexo].

Act., to bear, carry, convey, on the shoulders, by wagon, by horse, by ship, etc. (syn.:

fero, gero, porto): quicquid inponas, vehunt,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 95:

ille'st oneratus recte et plus justo vehit,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 115:

siquidem'st decorum erum vehere servom,

id. As. 3, 3, 111:

reticulum panis onusto umero,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 48:

formica ore cibum,

Ov. A. A. 1, 94:

ille taurus, qui vexit Europam,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78:

uxorem plaustro,

Tib. 1, 10, 52; cf.:

Tantalides... Pisaeam Phrygiis equis,

Ov. Tr. 2, 386:

cum triumphantem (Camillum) albi per urbem vexerant equi,

Liv. 5, 28, 1; cf.:

te, Bacche pater, tuae Vexere tigres,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 14:

Troica qui profugis sacra vehis ratibus,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

dum caelum stellas, dum vehet amnis aquas,

id. 1, 4, 66:

quodque suo Tagus amne vehit aurum,

Ov. M. 2, 251:

quod fugiens semel hora vexit,

has brought along, has brought, Hor. C. 3, 29, 48.— Absol.:

navim prospexi, quanti veheret interrogavi,

Quint. 4, 2, 41. — Pass., to be carried or borne, to ride, sail, go, etc.:

mihi aequom'st dari... vehicla qui vehar,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

visus est in somnis curru quadrigarum vehi,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144:

vehi in essedo,

id. Phil. 2, 24, 58:

vectus curru,

Vell. 2, 82, 4; Ov. M. 5, 360:

vehi per urbem,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60:

in navibus vehi,

id. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

in navi,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 73:

navi,

id. Am. 2, 2, 220:

lintribus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 156 Müll.:

puppe,

Ov. H. 16, 113:

parvā rate,

id. M. 1, 319; cf.

huc,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 176:

navem, ubi vectus fui,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 3, 37; id. Stich. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 4, 3, 81:

in equo,

Cic. Div. 2, 68, 140:

in niveis victor equis,

Ov. F. 6, 724:

nympha vehitur pisce,

id. M. 2, 13.—Of other swift motions:

ut animal sex motibus veheretur,

Cic. Univ. 13:

apes liquidum trans aethera vectae,

Verg. A. 7, 65.—With acc.:

ventis maria omnia vecti,

Verg. A. 1, 524.—

Neutr., to be borne, to ride, sail, etc., upon any thing (rare, and perh. only in the part. pres. and in the gerund): consuli proconsul obviam in equo vehens venit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 2, 2, 13:

per medias laudes quasi quadrigis vehens,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331:

partim scripserunt, qui ovarent, introire solitos equo vehentes,

Gell. 5, 6, 27; Just. 11, 7, 13:

cui lectica per urbem vehendi jus tribuit,

Suet. Claud. 28.

* * *

per-vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to bear, carry, or convey through.

Lit.: commeatus, Liv 44, 6, 6.—Mid.: pervehi, to pass through, traverse:

Oceanum pervehitur,

Tac. A. 2, 8:

volucri litora classe,

Sil. 4, 51.—

Transf., to carry, bring, convey to a place:

virgines Caere pervexit,

Liv. 5, 40:

corpus...Romam usque pervexit,

Suet. Tib. 7:

sandaracha et ochra inde pervehuntur ad nos,

Plin. 35, 6, 22, § 39:

volo molliter me pervehat (sc. equus),

App. de Deo Socr. p. 54 fin.; cf. id. M. 1, p. 113, 9.—Mid.: pervehi, to ride, drive, sail, etc., to come or go to a place: dictator ubi currum insidit, pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Poët. (not Enn.) ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.:

in portum,

Cic. Att. 14, 19, 1; id. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

pervectus Chalcidem,

Liv. 31, 23:

pervectus in Africam,

Vell. 2, 55, 1:

Gades usque pervectus,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169.— Trop., to reach, attain:

ad exitus optatos,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19.— Poet., of pedestrians, to go, come, proceed, etc.:

cito passu pervecta ad litora,

Sil. 8, 126.

fĕro, tuli, latum, ferre (ante-class. redupl. form in the tempp. perff.:

tetuli,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.:

tetulit,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13:

tetulerunt,

Lucr. 6, § 672:

tetulissem,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:

tetulisse,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2:

tetulero,

id. Cist. 3, 19:

tetulerit,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101), v. a. and n. [a wide-spread root; Sanscr. bhar-, carry, bharas, burden; Gr. pherô; Goth. bar, bairo, bear, produce, whence barn, child; Anglo-Saxon beran, whence Engl. bear, birth; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300; Fick, Vergl. Wort. p. 135. The perf. forms, tuli, etc., from the root tul-, tol-; Sanscr. tol-jami, lift, weigh; Gr. tlênai, endure, cf. talas, talanton; Lat. tollo, tolerare, (t)latus, etc. Cf. Goth. thulan, Germ. dulden, Geduld; Anglo-Sax. tholian, suffer. Supine latum, i. e. tlatum; cf. supra; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 220; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 73], to bear, carry, bring. (For syn. cf.: gero, porto, bajulo, veho; effero, infero; tolero, patior, sino, permitto, etc.)

Lit.

In gen.:

ferri proprie dicimus, quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 235: oneris quidvis feret, Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 29:

quin te in fundo conspicer fodere aut arare aut aliquid ferre,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:

numerus eorum, qui arma ferre possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29, 1:

arma et vallum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 13:

sacra Junonis,

id. S. 1, 3, 11:

cadaver nudis humeris (heres),

id. ib. 2, 5, 86:

argentum ad aliquem,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 142; cf.:

symbolum filio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 30:

olera et pisciculos minutos ferre obolo in cenam seni,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

vina et unguenta et flores,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 14:

discerpta ferentes Memora gruis,

id. S. 2, 8, 86; cf.:

talos, nucesque sinu laxo,

id. ib. 2, 3, 172:

in Capitolium faces,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

iste operta lectica latus per oppidum est ut mortuus,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

lectica in Capitolium latus est,

Suet. Claud. 2:

circa judices latus (puer),

Quint. 6, 1, 47:

prae se ferens (in essedo) Darium puerum,

Suet. Calig. 19.— Poet. with inf.:

natum ad Stygios iterum fero mergere fontes,

Stat. Ach. 1, 134.—Prov.:

ferre aliquem in oculis, or simply oculis,

i. e. to hold dear, love exceedingly, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; Q. Cic. Fam. 16, 27, 2.—

In partic.

With the idea of motion predominating, to set in motion, esp. to move onward quickly or rapidly, to bear, lead, conduct, or drive away; with se or mid. (so esp. freq.), to move or go swiftly, to haste, speed, betake one's self; and of things, to flow, mount, run down.

Act.:

ubi in rapidas amnis dispeximus undas: Stantis equi corpus transvorsum ferre videtur Vis, et in advorsum flumen contrudere raptim: Et, quocumque oculos trajecimus, omnia ferri Et fluere assimili nobis ratione videntur,

Lucr. 4, 422 sq.:

ubi cernimus alta Exhalare vapore altaria, ferreque fumum,

to send up, id. 3, 432; cf.:

vis ut vomat ignes, Ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum,

id. 1, 725; and:

caelo supinas si tuleris manus,

raisest, Hor. C. 3, 23, 1:

te rursus in bellum resorbens Unda fretis tulit aestuosis,

id. ib. 2, 7, 16; cf.:

ire, pedes quocumque ferent,

id. Epod. 16, 21; and:

me per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

id. C. 3, 29, 64:

signa ferre,

to put the standards in motion, to break up, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40, 12; Liv. 10, 5, 1 al.:

pol, si id scissem, numquam huc tetulissem pedem,

have stirred foot, have come, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:

pedem,

Verg. A. 2, 756; Val. Fl. 7, 112:

gressum,

to walk, Lucr. 4, 681; cf.:

agiles gressus,

Sil. 3, 180:

vagos gradus,

Ov. M. 7, 185:

vestigia,

Sil. 9, 101:

vagos cursus,

id. 9, 243.— Absol.:

quo ventus ferebat,

bore, drove, Caes. B. G. 3, 15, 3:

interim, si feret flatus, danda sunt vela,

Quint. 10, 3, 7:

itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant,

led, Caes. B. C. 1, 27, 4:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7, 6.—Prov.:

in silvam ligna ferre,

to carry coals to Newcastle, Hor. S. 1, 10, 34.—

With se or mid., to move or go swiftly, to hasten, rush:

cum ipsa paene insula mihi sese obviam ferre vellet,

to meet, Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:

non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

hinc ferro accingor rursus... meque extra tecta ferebam,

Verg. A. 2, 672; 11, 779:

grassatorum plurimi palam se ferebant,

Suet. Aug. 32.—Of things as subjects:

ubi forte ita se tetulerunt semina aquarum,

i. e. have collected themselves, Lucr. 6, 672.—Mid.:

ad eum omni celeritate et studio incitatus ferebatur,

proceeded, Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 2:

alii aliam in partem perterriti ferebantur,

betook themselves, fled, id. B. G. 2, 24, 3:

(fera) supra venabula fertur,

rushes, springs, Verg. A. 9, 553:

huc juvenis nota fertur regione viarum,

proceeds, id. ib. 11, 530:

densos fertur moribundus in hostes,

rushes, id. ib. 2, 511:

quocumque feremur, danda vela sunt,

Cic. Or. 23, 75; cf.:

non alto semper feremur,

Quint. 12, 10, 37:

ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200:

non tenui ferar Penna biformis per liquidum aethera Vates,

fly, id. C. 2, 20, 1.—Of inanimate subjects:

(corpuscula rerum) ubi tam volucri levitate ferantur,

move, Lucr. 4, 195; cf.:

quae cum mobiliter summa levitate feruntur,

id. 4, 745; cf.:

tellus neque movetur et infima est, et in eam feruntur omnia nutu suo pondera,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17 fin.:

Rhenus longo spatio per fines Nantuatium, etc.... citatus fertur,

flows, Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 3; cf. Hirt. B. [p. 738] G. 8, 40, 3:

ut (flamma) ad caelum usque ferretur,

ascended, arose, Suet. Aug. 94.—

Rarely ferre = se ferre: quem procul conspiciens ad se ferentem pertimescit,

Nep. Dat. 4 fin. —

To carry off, take away by force, as a robber, etc.: to plunder, spoil, ravage:

alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama,

Verg. A. 2, 374:

postquam te (i. e. exstinctum Daphnin) fata tulerunt,

snatched away, id. E. 5, 34. So esp. in the phrase ferre et agere, of taking booty, plundering, where ferre applies to portable things, and agere to men and cattle; v. ago.—

To bear, produce, yield:

plurima tum tellus etiam majora ferebat, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 942 sq.; cf.:

quae autem terra fruges ferre, et, ut mater, cibos suppeditare possit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 67:

quem (florem) ferunt terrae solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10:

quibus jugera fruges et Cererem ferunt,

id. ib. 3, 24, 13:

angulus iste feret piper et thus,

id. Ep. 1, 14, 23:

(olea) fructum ramis pluribus feret,

Quint. 8, 3, 10.— Absol.:

ferundo arbor peribit,

Cato, R. R. 6, 2.—

Of a woman or sheanimal, to bear offspring, be pregnant:

ignorans nurum ventrem ferre,

Liv. 1, 34, 3;

of animals: equa ventrem fert duodecim menses, vacca decem, ovis et capra quinque, sus quatuor,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 19; cf.:

cervi octonis mensibus ferunt partus,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 112:

nec te conceptam saeva leaena tulit,

Tib. 3, 4, 90.— Poet.:

quem tulerat mater claro Phoenissa Laconi,

i. e. had borne, Sil. 7, 666.—

To offer as an oblation:

liba et Mopsopio dulcia melle feram,

Tib. 1, 7, 54; so,

liba,

id. 1, 10, 23:

lancesque et liba Baccho,

Verg. G. 2, 394:

tura superis, altaribus,

Ov. M. 11, 577.—

To get, receive, acquire, obtain, as gain, a reward, a possession, etc.:

quod posces, feres,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 106; cf.: quodvis donum et praemium a me optato;

id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

fructus ex sese (i. e. re publica) magna acerbitate permixtos tulissem,

Cic. Planc. 38, 92:

partem praedae,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,

Juv. 13, 105:

coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44.

Trop.

In gen., to bear, carry, bring:

satis haec tellus morbi caelumque mali fert,

bears, contains, Lucr. 6, 663;

veterrima quaeque, ut ea vina, quae vetustatem ferunt, esse debent suavissima,

which carry age, are old, Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

scripta vetustatem si modo nostra ferent,

will have, will attain to, Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 8:

nomen alicujus,

to bear, have, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; cf.:

insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:

nomen,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Calig. 47:

cognomen,

id. Aug. 43; id. Galb. 3; cf.:

ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae fuit,

of bearing an assumed character, Liv. 3, 36, 1:

Archimimus personam ejus ferens,

personating, Suet. Vesp. 19; cf.

also: (Garyophyllon) fert et in spinis piperis similitudinem,

Plin. 12, 7, 15, § 30: fer mi auxilium, bring assistance, aid, help, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 29 (Trag. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

alicui opem auxiliumque ferre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

auxilium alicui,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5; 4, 12, 5; Hor. Epod. 1, 21 et saep.: opem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 86 ed. Vahl.):

opem alicui,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 23; Ter. And. 3, 1, 15; id. Ad. 3, 4, 41; Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3 (with succurrere saluti); id. Fin. 2, 35, 118 (with salutem); id. Fam. 5, 4, 2:

subsidium alicui,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:

condicionem,

to proffer, id. ib. 4, 11, 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:

Coriolanus ab sede sua cum ferret matri obviae complexum,

offered, Liv. 2, 40, 5:

si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,

will bring, procure, Verg. A. 10, 792:

ea vox audita laborum Prima tulit finem,

id. ib. 7, 118: suspicionem falsam, to entertain suspicion, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5 (Trag. v. 348 ed. Vahl.).—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To move, to bring, lead, conduct, drive, raise:

quem tulit ad scenam ventoso gloria curru,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 177; so,

animi quaedam ingenita natura... recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant,

Quint. 5, 10, 123; cf. absol.:

nisi illud, quod eo, quo intendas, ferat deducatque, cognoris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 135:

exstincti ad caelum gloria fertur,

Lucr. 6, 8; cf.:

laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre,

to extol, praise, Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 99; Suet. Otho, 12; id. Vesp. 6:

eam pugnam miris laudibus,

Liv. 7, 10, 14; cf.:

saepe rem dicendo subiciet oculis: saepe supra feret quam fieri possit,

wilt exalt, magnify, Cic. Or. 40, 139:

ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,

Liv. 4, 5, 6:

ferre in majus vero incertas res fama solet,

id. 21, 32, 7:

crudelitate et scelere ferri,

to be impelled, carried away, Cic. Clu. 70, 199:

praeceps amentia ferebare,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; cf.:

ferri avaritia,

id. Quint. 11, 38:

orator suo jam impetu fertur,

Quint. 12 praef. §

3: eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque ferretur,

Cic. Or. 28, 97; cf.:

(eloquentia) feratur non semitis sed campis,

Quint. 5, 14, 31:

oratio, quae ferri debet ac fluere,

id. 9, 4, 112; cf.:

quae (historia) currere debet ac ferri,

id. 9, 4, 18; so often: animus fert (aliquem aliquo), the mind moves one to any thing:

quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt,

Sall. J. 54, 4; cf.:

milites procurrentes consistentesque, quo loco ipsorum tulisset animus,

Liv. 25, 21, 5; and:

qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam,

id. 40, 4, 14:

si maxime animus ferat,

Sall. C. 58, 6; cf. Ov. M. 1, 775.—With an object-clause, the mind moves one to do any thing, Ov. M. 1, 1; Luc. 1, 67; Suet. Otho, 6; cf.

also: mens tulit nos ferro exscindere Thebas,

Stat. Th. 4, 753.—

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To carry off, take away:

omnia fert aetas, animum quoque,

Verg. E. 9, 51:

postquam te fata tulerunt,

id. ib. 5, 34:

invida Domitium fata tulere sibi,

Anthol. Lat. 4, 123, 8;

like efferre,

to carry forth to burial, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 89.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To bear, bring forth, produce:

haec aetas prima Athenis oratorem prope perfectum tulit,

Cic. Brut. 12, 45:

aetas parentum, pejor avis, tulit Nos nequiores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 46:

Curium tulit et Camillum Saeva paupertas,

id. ib. 1, 12, 42.—

(Acc. to I. B. 6.) To bear away, to get, obtain, receive:

Cotta et Sulpicius omnium judicio facile primas tulerunt,

Cic. Brut. 49, 183:

palmam,

to carry off, win, id. Att. 4, 15, 6:

victoriam ex inermi,

to gain, Liv. 39, 51, 10; 2, 50, 2; 8, 8, 18:

gratiam et gloriam annonae levatae,

id. 4, 12, 8:

maximam laudem inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 4:

centuriam, tribus,

i. e. to get their votes, Cic. Planc. 20, 49; 22, 53; id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

suffragia,

Suet. Caes. 13 (diff. from 8. a.):

responsum ab aliquo,

to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:

repulsam a populo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 54:

repulsam,

id. de Or. 2, 69 fin.; id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; id. Att. 5, 19 al.: calumniam, i. e. to be convicted of a false accusation, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:

ita ut filius partem dimidiam hereditatis ferat,

Gai. Inst. 3, 8:

singulas portiones,

id. ib. 3, 16; 61.—

To bear, support any thing unpleasant; or pregn., to suffer, tolerate, endure.

To bear in any manner.

With acc.: servi injurias nimias aegre ferunt, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

(onus senectutis) modice ac sapienter sicut omnia ferre,

Cic. de Sen. 1, 2:

aegre ferre repulsam consulatus,

id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40:

hoc moderatiore animo ferre,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

aliquid toleranter,

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

clementer,

id. Att. 6, 1, 3:

quod eo magis ferre animo aequo videmur, quia, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 126:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 17.—

With an object-clause:

ut si quis aegre ferat, se pauperem esse,

take it ill, Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

hoc ereptum esse, graviter et acerbe ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

quomodo ferant veterani, exercitum Brutum habere,

id. Phil. 10, 7, 15.—

With de:

de Lentulo scilicet sic fero, ut debeo,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 1:

quomodo Caesar ferret de auctoritate perscripta,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

numquid moleste fers de illo, qui? etc.,

id. ib. 6, 8, 3.—

Absol.:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

Cic. Att. 1, 2, 1:

si mihi imposuisset aliquid, animo iniquo tulissem,

id. ib. 15, 26, 4.—

Pregn., to bear or put up with, to suffer, tolerate, endure, sustain, resist.

With acc.: quis hanc contumeliam, quis hoc imperium, quis hanc servitutem ferre potest? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

qui potentissimorum hominum contumaciam numquam tulerim, ferrem hujus asseclae?

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:

cujus desiderium civitas ferre diutius non potest,

id. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

cogitandi non ferebat laborem,

id. Brut. 77, 268:

unum impetum nostrorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 3:

vultum atque aciem oculorum,

id. ib. 1, 39, 1:

cohortatio gravior quam aures Sulpicii ferre didicissent,

to hear unmoved, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:

vultum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 121:

multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit,

id. A. P. 413:

spectatoris fastidia,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 215:

fuisse (Epaminondam) patientem suorumque injurias ferentem civium,

Nep. Epam. 7.—Of personal objects:

quem ferret, si parentem non ferret suum?

brook, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 28:

optimates quis ferat, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

vereor, ut jam nos ferat quisquam,

Quint. 8, 3, 25:

an laturi sint Romani talem regem,

id. 7, 1, 24:

quis enim ferat puerum aut adolescentulum, si, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 8.—

With an object-clause:

ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari,

Cic. de Or. 2, 84, 344:

non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes,

Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Ov. M. 2, 628:

illa quidem in hoc opere praecipi quis ferat?

Quint. 11, 3, 27; 11, 1, 69:

servo nubere nympha tuli,

Ov. H. 5, 12; cf.:

alios vinci potuisse ferendum est,

id. M. 12, 555. —

With quod:

quod rapta, feremus, dummodo reddat eam,

Ov. M. 5, 520:

illud non ferendum, quod, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 131. —

With the access, notion of publicity, to make public, to disclose, show, exhibit:

eum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:

laetitiam apertissime tulimus omnes,

id. Att. 14, 13, 2:

neque id obscure ferebat nec dissimulare ullo modo poterat,

id. Clu. 19, 54:

haud clam tulit iram adversus praetorem,

Liv. 31, 47, 4; cf.:

tacite ejus verecundiam non tulit senatus, quin, etc.,

id. 5, 28, 1.—

Prae se ferre, to show, manifest, to let be seen, to declare:

cujus rei tantae facultatem consecutum esse me, non profiteor: secutum me esse, prae me fero,

Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

noli, quaeso, prae te ferre, vos plane expertes esse doctrinae,

id. ib. 2, 18, 47:

non mediocres terrores... prae se fert et ostentat,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

hanc virtutem prae se ferunt,

Quint. 2, 13, 11:

liberalium disciplinarum prae se scientiam tulit,

id. 12, 11, 21:

magnum animum (verba),

id. 11, 1, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. subjects:

(comae) turbatae prae se ferre aliquid affectus videntur,

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

oratio prae se fert felicissimam facilitatem,

id. 10, 1, 11.—

Of speech, to report, relate, make known, assert, celebrate:

haec omnibus ferebat sermonibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17, 2:

alii alia sermonibus ferebant Romanos facturos,

Liv. 33, 32, 3:

ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,

id. 4, 5, 6:

patres ita fama ferebant, quod, etc.,

id. 23, 31, 13; cf. with acc.:

hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149:

famam,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 23:

fama eadem tulit,

Tac. A. 1, 5; cf. id. ib. 15, 60:

nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversa fama, tulere,

talk about, id. ib. 16, 2:

inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 23:

quod fers, cedo,

tell, say, Ter. Ph. 5, 6, 17:

nostra (laus) semper feretur et praedicabitur, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 9, 21.—With an object-clause:

cum ipse... acturum se id per populum aperte ferret,

Liv. 28, 40, 2; id. ib. §

1: saepe homines morbos magis esse timendos ferunt quam Tartara leti,

Lucr. 3, 42:

Prognen ita velle ferebat,

Ov. M. 6, 470; 14, 527:

ipsi territos se ferebant,

Tac. H. 4, 78; id. A. 4, 58; 6, 26 (32); cf.:

mihi fama tulit fessum te caede procubuisse, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 503:

commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Macronem praesedisse, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 47 (53).—

Ferunt, fertur, feruntur, etc., they relate, tell, say; it is said, it appears, etc.—With inf.:

quin etiam Xenocratem ferunt, cum quaereretur ex eo, etc... respondisse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

fuisse quendam ferunt Demaratum, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 19:

quem ex Hyperboreis Delphos ferunt advenisse,

id. N. D. 3, 23, 57; Hor. C. 3, 17, 2:

homo omnium in dicendo, ut ferebant, accrrimus et copiosissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

Ceres fertur fruges... mortalibus instituisse,

Lucr. 5, 14:

in Syria quoque fertur item locus esse, etc.,

id. 6, 755:

is Amulium regem interemisse fertur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

qui in contione dixisse fertur,

id. ib. 2, 10 fin.:

quam (urbem) Juno fertur terris omnibus unam coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15:

non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,

you were accounted, held, Hor. C. 2, 19, 27:

si ornate locutus est, sicut fertur et mihi videtur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 49; cf.: cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas florente [p. 739] Academia, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, id. ib. § 45.—

To give out, to pass off a person or thing by any name or for any thing; and, in the pass., to pass for any thing, to pass current:

hunc (Mercurium) omnium inventorem artium ferunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1:

ut Servium conditorem posteri fama ferrent,

Liv. 1, 42, 4:

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

set himself up for, boast, Vell. 1, 11, 1:

avum M. Antonium, avunculum Augustum ferens,

boasting of, Tac. A. 2, 43; cf.:

qui ingenuum se et Lachetem mutato nomine coeperat ferre,

Suet. Vesp. 23:

ante Periclem, cujus scripta quaedam feruntur,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27 (quoted paraphrastically, Quint. 3, 1, 12): sub nomine meo libri ferebantur artis rhetoricae, Quint. prooem. 7; cf.:

cetera, quae sub nomine meo feruntur,

id. 7, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Aug. 31; id. Caes. 20:

multa ejus (Catonis) vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur,

Nep. Att. 1, 3.—

Polit. and jurid. t. t.

Suffragium or sententiam, to give in one's vote, to vote, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1; cf.:

ferunt suffragia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

de quo foedere populus Romanus sententiam non tulit,

id. Balb. 15, 34; cf.:

de quo vos (judices) sententiam per tabellam feretis,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 104;

so of the voting of judges,

id. Clu. 26, 72;

of senators: parcite, ut sit qui in senatu de bello et pace sententiam ferat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76; cf. id. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

Legem (privilegium, rogationem) ad populum, or absol., to bring forward or move a proposition, to propose a law, etc.:

perniciose Philippus in tribunatu, cum legem agrariam ferret, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73; cf. id. Sull. 23, 65:

quae lex paucis his annis lata esset,

id. Corn. 1, 3 (vol. xi. p. 10 B. and K.):

familiarissimus tuus de te privilegium tulit, ut, etc.,

id. Par. 4, 32:

Sullam illam rogationem de se nolle ferri (shortly before: Lex ferri coepta),

id. Sull. 23, 65:

rogationem de aliquo, contra or in aliquem, ad populum, ad plebem,

id. Balb. 14, 33; id. Clu. 51, 140; id. Brut. 23, 89; Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Liv. 33, 25, 7:

nescis, te ipsum ad populum tulisse, ut, etc.,

proposed a bill, Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 100:

ut P. Scaevola tribunus plebis ferret ad plebem, vellentne, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 54; cf. Liv. 33, 25, 6:

quod Sulla ipse ita tulit de civitate, ut, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:

nihil de judicio ferebat,

id. Sull. 22, 63:

cum, ut absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus,

id. Att. 7, 6, 2.— Impers.:

lato ut solet ad populum, ut equum escendere liceret,

Liv. 23, 14, 2. —

Judicem, said of the plaintiff, to offer or propose to the defendant as judge:

quem ego si ferrem judicem, refugere non deberet,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; id. de Or. 2, 70, 285.—Hence, judicem alicui, in gen., to propose a judge to, i. e. to bring a suit against, to sue a person:

se iterum ac saepius judicem illi ferre,

Liv. 3, 57, 5; 3, 24, 5; 8, 33, 8.—

Mercant. t. t., to enter, to set or note down a sum in a book:

quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum rettulit, quam Verres illi expensum tulerit, etc.,

i. e. has set down as paid, has paid, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 sq., v. expendo.—

Absol., of abstr. subjects, to require, demand, render necessary; to allow, permit, suffer:

ita sui periculi rationes ferre ac postulare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 105; cf.:

gravioribus verbis uti, quam natura fert,

id. Quint. 18, 57: quid ferat Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. 203 ed. Vahl.):

quamdiu voluntas Apronii tulit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:

ut aetas illa fert,

as is usual at that time of life, id. Clu. 60, 168:

ad me, ut tempora nostra, non ut amor tuus fert, vere perscribe,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5:

quod ita existimabam tempora rei publicae ferre,

id. Pis. 2, 5:

si ita commodum vestrum fert,

id. Agr. 2, 28, 77:

prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

si vestra voluntas feret,

if such be your pleasure, id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ut opinio et spes et conjectura nostra fert,

according to our opinion, hope, and belief, id. Att. 2, 25, 2:

ut mea fert opinio,

according to my opinion, id. Clu. 16, 46: si occasio tulerit, if occasion require, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

dum tempus ad eam rem tulit, sivi, animum ut expleret suum,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 17: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu perspicies, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

id. Rep. 6, 18.— Impers.:

sociam se cujuscumque fortunae, et, si ita ferret, comitem exitii promittebat (sc. res or fortuna),

Tac. A. 3, 15; so,

si ita ferret,

id. H. 2, 44.

inter-vallum, i, n., prop., the open space within the mound or breastwork of a camp, the space between two palisades.

Lit.: opus, pedum sexaginta, quod est inter vallum et legiones... a quibusdam intervallum [p. 987] cognominatum, Hyg. de Munit. Cast. 6:

intervalla sunt spatia inter capita vallorum,

Isid. 15, 9, 2.—

In gen., space between, interval, distance:

trabes directae, paribus intervallis in solo collocantur. Ea autem intervalla grandibus saxis effarciuntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

pari intervallo,

at an equal distance, id. ib. 1, 43:

respiciens videt magnis intervallis sequentes,

Liv. 1, 25:

unius signi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20:

digitorum,

Suet. Dom. 19:

sonorum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18:

locorum et temporum,

id. Fam. 1, 7:

ex intervallo,

from a distance, Liv. 48, 44, 8:

proximus longo intervallo insequi,

Verg. A. 5, 320:

juvenes modicis intervallis disponere,

Suet. Aug. 49:

quinque milium intervallo,

Liv. 23, 29:

mille passuum intervallo distantes,

id. 33, 1 saep.—

Transf.

Interval of time, intermission, respite:

annuum regni,

an interregnum, Liv. 1, 17:

sine intervallo loquacitas,

i. e. incessant, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:

dolor si longus, levis, dat enim intervalla,

relaxes sometimes, id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

litterarum,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

intervallum jam hos dies multos fuit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 28:

distinctio et aequalium et saepe variorum intervallorum numerum conficit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186; cf. the context. —

A pause:

flumen aliis verborum volubilitasque cordi est: distincta alios et interpuncta intervalla, morae, respirationesque delectant,

Cic. Or. 16:

trochaeus temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

id. ib. 57:

ut te tanto intervallo viderem,

after so long a time, id. Fam. 15, 14:

vocem paululum attenuata crebris intervallis et divisionibus oportet uti,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24:

tanto ex intervallo,

Quint. 11, 2, 5; Liv. 3, 38:

intervallo dicere,

after a pause, Cic. Or. 66: ex intervallo, farther on, lower down (in the discourse), Gell. 15, 12, 4:

sine intervallo cibum dare,

without loss of time, Varr. R. R. 2, 1: dare quippiam alicui per intervalla, at intervals, i. e. from time to time, Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 164 (al. intervalla dantur):

per intervallum adventantes,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

scelerum,

time for the perpetration of crimes, id. ib. 3.—

Difference, dissimilitude:

videte, quantum intervallum sit interjectum inter majorum consilia, et istorum dementiam,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89; id. Rab. Perd. 5, 15.—

An interval in music, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146.

a, um, adj. [veho], carried up, raised up (post-class.):

arbores,

Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 38.

vulsi (rarely velli, v. infra), vulsum, 3, v. a., to pluck, pull, or pick out here and there, to lop, prune (post-Aug.).

In partic., to pluck out here and there, to thin. —Of wings:

ne ego homo infelix fui qui non alas intervelli (sc. vocis),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.—Of the beard:

isti, qui aut vellunt barbam, aut intervellunt,

Sen. Ep. 114, 20. — Of fruit and trees, to pluck here and there, to prune:

poma intervelli melius est, ut quae relicta sint, grandescant,

Plin. 17, 27, 47, § 260:

arbores,

Col. 5, 10:

semina,

id. 4, 33, 3. —

In gen., to tear out, take away:

num aliquid ex illis intervelli, atque ex tempore dicendis inseri possit,

Quint. 12, 9, 17:

quae ita sunt natura copulata, ut mutari aut intervelli sine confusione non possint,

id. 10, 7, 5.

văgus, a, um, adj. [root vagh-; Sanscr. vāhas; Gr. ochos, wagon; cf. veho], strolling about, rambling, roving, roaming, wandering, [p. 1953] unfixed, unsettled, vagrant (freq. and class.; syn. errabundus).

Lit.:

cum vagus et exsul erraret,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

itaque vagus esse cogitabam,

id. Att. 7, 11, 5:

dum existimabam vagos nos fore,

id. ib. 7, 26, 3:

Gaetuli vagi, palantes,

Sall. J. 18, 2; cf. id. ib. 19, 5:

multitudo dispersa atque vaga,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25, 40 (from Aug. Ep. 138, 10):

quae circum vicinos vaga es,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14:

navita,

Tib. 1, 3, 39:

mercator,

Hor. A. P. 117:

Hercules,

id. C. 3, 3, 9:

scurra,

id. Ep. 1, 15, 28:

tibicen,

id. A. P. 215:

pecus,

id. C. 3, 13, 12:

aves,

id. ib. 4, 4, 2:

cornix,

id. ib. 3, 27, 16:

pisces,

id. S. 2, 4, 77:

vagi per silvas ritu ferarum,

Quint. 8, 3, 81; cf.

also: saepe vagos extra limina ferte pedes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 418:

refringit virgulta pede vago,

Cat. 63, 84:

ne bestiae quidem... facile patiuntur sese contineri motusque solutos et vagos a naturā sibi tributos requirunt,

unrestrained, Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56:

peregrinationes,

Sen. Tranq. 2, 13:

errores,

Ov. M. 4, 502:

gressus,

Mart. 2, 57, 1.—Of inanim. things:

quae (sidera) autem vaga et mutabili erratione labuntur,

Cic. Univ. 10; cf.:

quae (stellae) errantes et quasi vagae nominarentur,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

Aurorā exoriente vagi sub limina Solis,

Cat. 64, 271:

luna,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 21:

aequora,

Tib. 2, 6, 3:

flumina,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 9:

Tiberis,

id. ib. 1, 2, 18:

venti,

id. ib. 3, 29, 24:

fulmina,

Ov. M. 1, 596:

flamma,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 73:

crines,

Ov. M. 2, 673:

harena,

flying, light, Hor. C. 1, 28, 23:

domus (Scytharum),

id. ib. 3, 24, 10:

lumina noctis,

Stat. Th. 3, 63:

febres,

sporadic, Cels. 3, 5:

fel toto corpore,

diffusing itself, Plin. 11, 37, 75, § 193.—

Trop., wandering, wavering, unsteady, inconstant, doubtful, uncertain, vague:

(in oratione) solutum quiddam sit nec vagum tamen,

capricious, Cic. Or. 23, 77:

genus orationum,

id. Brut. 31, 119; cf.:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

indefinite, vague, id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

nomen Ambrosiae et circa alias herbas fluctuatum,

Plin. 27, 4, 11, § 28:

de dis immortalibus habere non errantem et vagam, sed stabilem certamque sententiam,

Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

vaga volubilisque fortuna,

id. Mil. 26, 69: vaga popularisque supplicatio, irregular, i. e. celebrated as men chanced to meet, without legal appointment, Liv. 3, 63, 5:

incertum diu et quasi vagum imperium,

Suet. Vesp. 1:

vagus adhuc Domitius,

i. e. vacillating between the parties, Vell. 2, 76, 2:

puellae,

inconstant in love, Prop. 1, 5, 7:

vagae moderator juventae,

flighty, giddy, Mart. 2, 90, 1; Stat. S. 4, 6, 2:

concubitu prohibere vago,

i. e. promiscuous, Hor. A. P. 398; so Col. 12, 1, 2; Mart. 6, 21, 6.— Poet., with gen.:

vagus animi,

wandering in mind, Cat. 63, 4.—adv.: văgē, here and there, far and wide, dispersedly:

vage effusi per agros palatique, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39, 22:

res sparsae et vage disjectae,

Auct. Her. 4, 2, 3:

dispergere,

id. ib. 4, 31, 42:

dicere,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 48, 2.

* * *

* * *

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

in-vĕho, vexi, vectum, 3, v. a., to carry, bear, or bring to or into a place, in one's hands, on a horse, by water, etc.

Lit.

With in and acc.:

tantum in aerarium pecuniae invexit, ut,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 76:

Euphrates in Mesopotamiam quasi novos agros invehit,

id. N. D. 2, 52, 130.—

With acc. of place ( poet., except with names of towns, etc.):

marmor Romam,

Plin. 36, 6, 8, § 49; 18, 7, 12, § 66:

Iamque mare (lyra et lingua) invectae flumen relinquunt,

Ov. M. 11, 54. —

With dat.:

Caesar legiones per flumen Oceano invexit,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

gazam urbi,

Suet. Aug. 41:

quas (opes) mare litoribus invehit,

Curt. 9, 2, 27. —

Absol. (sc. frumenta), into the barns, Plin. 18, 30, 73, § 303:

peregrinas mercis,

id. 29, 1, 8, § 24. —

To ride, drive, sail, fly to or into a place:

dictator triumphans urbem invehitur,

i. e. enters, Liv. 2, 31; 35, 8; 36, 39:

invecta corpori patris nefando vehiculo filia,

id. 1, 59, 10:

at Caesar triplici invectus Romano triumpho moenia,

Verg. A. 8, 714:

invehitur celeri barbarus hostis equo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 54; cf.:

equitum acies invecta in dissipatos,

Liv. 8, 39; so id. 25, 34, 4; 38, 18, 6 al.:

equo,

Verg. A. 5, 571; Liv. 8, 9; Sil. 15, 436:

curru,

Verg. A. 6, 785:

invectus mare,

carried into the sea, Ov. M. 11, 54:

in portum ex alto invehi,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4; Vell. 2, 42, 2:

portum invectus,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 84; cf.:

ab invectis portum audit,

Liv. 44, 7. —With dat.:

classes invectas Tibridis alveo,

Verg. A. 7, 436; Just. 32, 3, 14:

ostio fluminis,

id. 12, 10, 5.—

To enter, penetrate:

cum utrimque invehi hostem nunciaretur,

Liv. 5, 8:

Alexander ordines... multa caede hostium invehitur,

Curt. 4, 15, 20.—

Invehere se, or invehi, to attack, assail, fall upon, assault; to force one ' s way in, penetrate. —With se:

invehebant se hostes,

Liv. 40, 39 fin.; 6, 32:

cum eo ipso acrius victores se undique inveherent,

Curt. 8, 14, 18. — Pass.:

Valerius temere invectus in aciem,

Liv. 2, 20;

equites in laevum cornu invecti sunt,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 15, 2; 8, 14, 15:

belua invehebatur ordinibus,

id. 8, 14, 33:

levi agmine,

id. 8, 14, 5:

currus in phalangem invecti erant,

id. 4, 15, 14 et saep.—

Trop.

Act., to introduce, bring in, bring upon:

quae (mala) tibi casus invexerit,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

partem incommodorum,

id. Inv. 1, 1, 1:

ut quemcumque casum fortuna invexerit,

brings with it, id. Tusc. 4, 17, 38: divitiae avaritiam invexere, Liv. praef. § 12.—

Pass., to attack with words, inveigh against:

in homines caros,

Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 304:

quod consul in eum ordinem essct invectus,

id. ib. 3, 1, 2:

acerbius in aliquem, id, Lael. 16, 57: in adversarios,

Quint. 12, 9, 11; 2, 15, 29:

in Philotam,

Curt. 6, 9, 30:

aliquid inclementius in te,

Liv. 3, 48:

vehementius in causam principum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 24:

in eam artem,

Quint. 2, 16, 1.— Act.:

* de quo Caesar in senatu aperte in te invehens questus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74.— With Gr. acc.:

cum nonnulla inveheretur in Timoleonta,

Nep. Timol. 5:

multa in Thebanos,

id. Ep. 6. — Hence, invectus, a, um, P. a., brought in: invecta et illata (or without et): invecta illata, things brought into a house by the tenant, i. e. his movables, household stuff, furniture: placet, in urbanis habitationibus locandis, invecta illata, pignori esse locatori, Dig. 2, 14, 4:

invecta et illata pignori erunt obligata,

ib. 20, 2, 2.

prō-vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to carry or conduct forwards, to carry or convey along, to conduct, convey, transport, etc., to a place; and freq. pass. in mid. signif., to go, proceed, advance, move, drive, ride, sail, etc., to a place (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

eam pol provexi: avehere non quivi,

I took her on board the ship, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 24:

alvos apum mulis,

Plin. 21, 13, 43, § 74:

aër a tergo quasi provehat atque propellat,

Lucr. 6, 1026.—Mid.:

cum classe freto provehi,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3; id. B. G. 5, 8:

provehimur portu,

Verg. A. 3, 72:

huc se provecti deserto in litore condunt,

id. ib. 2, 24; Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 199:

provectus equo,

Liv. 23, 47:

a terrā provectae naves,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

naves provectae in altum,

id. B. G. 4, 28 fin. —

Trop., to carry on, along, or forwards, to lead on; to promote, advance, exalt, raise:

ecquo te tua virtus provexisset?

promoted, exalted, Cic. Phil. 13, 11, 24:

ad summos honores alios scientia juris provexit,

Liv. 39, 40, 5; so,

quosdam infimi generis ad amplissimos honores,

Suet. Caes. 72; and:

aliquem in consulatūs, censuras et triumphos,

Vell. 2, 128; cf.:

studiosos amat, fovet, provehit,

Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 1:

vim temperatam di quoque provehunt In majus,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 66: haec spes provexit, ut ad conspecta procul pecora decurrerent, carried them so far, brought them to such a pitch, that, etc., Liv. 2, 50, 5; cf. absol.:

illo etiam (forsitan pravo) gaudio provehente, quod, etc.,

id. 40, 14:

quem e gregario milite Alexander virtutis causā provexerat,

Just. 13, 4, 10:

quos (reges) ad fastigium majestatis spectata moderatio provehebat,

id. 1, 1, 1:

quos provexerat, fortuna destitit,

Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 5:

in consulare provectus fuerat vestigium,

Vell. 2, 69, 1: vitam in altum, qs. to drive it into a sea, i. e. into disquietude, Lucr. 5, 1434.—

Mid., to advance, proceed, go onwards, make progress, etc.:

ne videlicet ultra quam homini datum est nostra provehantur,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

10: sentio me esse longius provectum quam proposita ratio postularet,

have been carried farther, have gone farther, Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74:

quod si qui longius in amicitiā provecti essent,

id. Lael. 10, 34: provectus longius quam voluit, id. Har. [p. 1480] Resp. 20, 43:

imbecillitas in altum provehitur,

id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

provehi in maledicta,

Liv. 35, 48:

per altercationem ad continuas et infestas orationes provecti sunt,

Tac. H. 4, 7.—

Of speech, to draw out, protract, prolong:

orationem,

Cic. Dom. 12, 32:

quid ultra Provehor?

why do I say more? Verg. A. 3, 481.—Hence, prōvectus, a, um, P. a. of time, advanced:

eum colere coepi non admodum grandem natu, sed tamen jam aetate provectum,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10:

provectā aetate mortua est,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

provecta nox erat,

Tac. A. 13, 20:

cum aetate jam provectus esset,

Nep. Timol. 4, 1:

senectute provectior,

Arn. 6, 195; Aus. Epigr. 19:

equis provectioribus tempora cavari incipiunt,

Pall. 4, 13, 9:

aetatis provectae,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 11.

rĕ-vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to carry or bring back, to convey back (class.; syn.: [p. 1589] reporto, refero, reddo).

Lit.:

Diana Segestam Carthagine revecta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; so,

praedam inde,

Liv. 1, 35:

tela ad Graios,

Ov. M. 13, 402:

aliquem domum (mater),

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 9; 10; Hor. Epod. 13, 16:

Promethea (satelles Orci),

id. C. 2, 18, 36:

arma,

Stat. Th. 2, 734:

exsequias Romam,

Eutr. 9, 2:

revehunt vitrea, et aëna, vestis, fibulas,

Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 88.—

Pass., in mid. force, to drive, ride, sail, etc., back; to return:

ne quis reveheretur inde ad proelium,

Liv. 3, 70:

equo citato ad urbem revectus,

id. 7, 41; 34, 15:

consul revectus in castra,

id. 2, 47:

per circum ad foros,

id. 45, 1:

curru triumphali revectus est,

Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 96:

non satis est Ithacam revehi?

Hor. S. 2, 5, 4:

hac ego sum raptis parte revectus equis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 138.—

Trop.:

famam optimam ex Bithyniā revexisti,

brought back, brought home, Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 8:

ad paulo superiorem aetatem revecti sumus,

have gone back, Cic. Brut. 63, 225.

trans-vĕho or trāvĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to carry, conduct, or convey across or over; to transport (syn.: transporto, transmitto).

Lit.

In gen.:

quid militum transvexisset,

Caes. B. C. 3, 29:

exercitum in Britanniam,

Suet. Caes. 58; cf.:

copias ponte,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 76:

ut jam Hispanos omnes inflati transvexerint utres,

Liv. 21, 47, 5:

Dardanium agmen (pons),

Sil. 4, 489:

agmina classe,

id. 4, 494:

corpus defuncti per vicos,

Dig. 47, 13, 3; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1964:

navem Argo umeris transvectam Alpes,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 128. —

Mid.: transvehor, to go, come, pass, travel, ride, or sail across or over:

caerula cursu, Cic. poët. Fin. 5, 18, 49: Medi, Persae... navibus in Africam transvecti,

Sall. J. 18, 4:

legiones ex Siciliā in Africam transvectae,

id. ib. 28, 6:

cum duabus quinqueremibus Corcyram transvectus,

Liv. 32, 16, 2:

vada Tartari,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 889:

transvectae (sc. equo) a fronte pugnantium alae,

Tac. Agr. 37; cf.:

ludicro Circensium Britannicus et Nero transvecti sunt,

id. A. 12, 41:

transvehitur Tuscos,

flies past, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 272.—

In partic.

To carry, bear, lead, or conduct along in triumph:

signa tabulasque,

Flor. 2, 12:

arma spoliaque multa Gallica carpentis transvecta,

Liv. 39, 7, 2.—

Of the Roman knights, to ride past before the censor for review (syn. traduco), Liv. 9, 46, 15; Suet. Aug. 38; Dig. 2, 4, 2, § 4; Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.—

Trop., of time, to pass by, elapse (Tacitean):

abiit jam et transvectum est tempus, quo, etc.,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

transvecta aestas,

id. Agr. 18.

vĭa ( vĕa, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14), ae ( gen. sing. vias, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P., or Ann. v. 421 Vahl.; viāï, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16, or Ann. v. 209 ib.; Lucr. 1, 406; 1, 659; 2, 249 et saep.; dat. plur. VIEIS, Inscr. Lat. 206, 50), f. [Sanscr. vah-āmi, bring, lead; Gr. ochos, ochêma, vehicle; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; from this root are also veho, vexo, etc.], a way, in the most general sense (for men, beasts, or carriages, within or without a city), a highway, road, path, street.

Lit.

In gen.:

viae latitudo ex lege duodecim tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet, in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim,

Dig. 8, 3, 8:

Romam in montibus positam et convallibus, non optimis viis, angustissimis semitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

et modo quae fuerat semita, facta via est,

Mart. 7, 61, 4:

aut viam aut semitam monstret,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

mi opsistere in viā,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 5:

ire in viā,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 42:

omnibus viis notis semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 19 (opp. semita), id. ib. 7, 8; Liv. 44, 43, 1; cf.:

decedam ego illi de viā,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 80; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

paulum ad dexteram de viā declinavi,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

decedere viā,

Suet. Tib. 31:

aestuosa et pulverulenta via,

Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1:

quā (viā) Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

cursare huc illuc viā deterrimā,

Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:

in viam se dare,

to set out on a journey, id. Fam. 14, 12:

te neque navigationi neque viae committere,

id. ib. 16, 4, 1:

tu abi tuam viam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 88:

milites monuit, viā omnes irent, nec deverti quemquam paterentur,

along the highway, Liv. 25, 9, 4.—In a double sense:

ire publicā viā,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 35.—Prov.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.):

de viā in semitam degredi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 40:

totā errare viā,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 14.—

In partic., as the name of a particular street or road:

tres ergo viae, a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22:

Via Appia,

id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 6;

v. Appius: Via Campana,

Suet. Aug. 94;

v. Campania: Sacra Via, in Rome, in the fourth region,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 47 Müll.; Fest. p. 290 ib.; Cic. Planc. 7, 17; Hor. Epod. 4, 7; 7, 8:

Via Sacra,

id. S. 1, 9, 1;

also written as one word, SACRAVIA,

Inscr. Grut. 638, 7; 1033, 1; cf. Charis. p. 6 P.; Diom. p. 401 ib. (v. sacer, I. A.); cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 219 sq.— Hence, Sacrăvĭenses, ĭum, m., those dwelling on the Sacra Via, Fest. s. v. October equus, p. 178 Müll.—

Transf.

Abstr., like our way, for march, journey (syn. iter):

cum de viā languerem,

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

nisi de viā fessus esset,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 1: tridui via, a three days' march or journey, Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

bidui,

id. ib. 6, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:

longitudo viae,

Liv. 37, 33, 3:

flecte viam velis,

Verg. A. 5, 28:

tum via tuta maris,

Ov. M. 11, 747:

feci Longa Pherecleā per freta puppe vias,

id. H. 16, 22:

ne inter vias praeterbitamus, metuo,

by the way, on the road, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Turp. ap. Non. p. 538, 8 et saep.—

In gen., a way, passage, channel, pipe, etc.; thus, a lane in a camp, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; a passage between the seats of a theatre, Mart. 5, 14, 8; Tert. Spect. 3; of the veins:

omnes ejus (sanguinis) viae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; of the chyle ducts:

quaedam a medio intestino usque ad portas jecoris ductae et directae viae,

id. ib.; the windpipe, Ov. M. 15, 344; 14, 498; a cleft through which any thing penetrates, Verg. G. 2, 79; cf. Ov. M. 11, 515; the path or track of an arrow, Verg. A. 5, 526; a stripe in a party-colored fabric, Tib. 2, 3, 54 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., a way, method, mode, manner, fashion, etc., of doing any thing, course (cf. modus):

vitae,

Cic. Fl. 42, 105; id. Agr. 1, 9, 27; id. Sest. 67, 140; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26; Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 5; Lact. Epit. 67, 12:

via vivendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

rectam vitae viam sequi,

id. ib.:

Socrates hanc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 43:

haec ad aeternam gloriam via est,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18:

haec una via omnibus ad salutem visa est,

Liv. 36, 27, 8:

invenire viam ad mortem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:

totidem ad mortem viae sunt,

Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 6:

cum eum hortarer ut eam laudis viam rectissimam esse duceret,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281: haec est una via laudis, id. Sest. 65, 137:

totam ignoras viam gloriae,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:

quae tum promptissima mortis via, exsolvit venas,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

habeo certam viam atque rationem, quā omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi possim,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:

defensionis ratio viaque,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1, §

4: non tam justitiae quam litigandi tradunt vias,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

docendi via,

id. Or. 32, 114:

optimarum artium vias tradere,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

(di) non... nullas dant vias nobis ad significationum scientiam,

id. ib. 2, 49, 102:

rectam instas viam,

i. e. you speak correctly, truly, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 41.—Adverb.: rectā viā, directly:

ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.—

Pregn. (cf. ratio), the right way, the true method, mode, or manner:

ingressu'st viam, i. e. rectam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273:

in omnibus quae ratione docentur et viā, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

rationally and methodically, Cic. Or. 33, 116:

ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 29.—Adverb.: viā, rightly, properly (opp. to wandering out of the way):

ipsus eam rem secum reputavit viā,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 11:

viā et arte dicere,

Cic. Brut. 12, 46. —

Viam perficere, i. e. to attain an end, Just. Inst. proöem. 1.

vexo ( inf. vexarier, Verg. Cir. 480), āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [veho], orig., to shake, jolt, toss in carrying; hence, in gen., to move violently, to shake, agitate.

Lit. (rare; syn. quatio): vexasse grave verbum est, factumque ab eo videtur, quod est vehere;

in quo inest jam vis quaedam alieni arbitrii. Non enim sui potens est, qui vehitur. Vexare autem, quod ex eo inclinatum est, vi atque motu procul dubio vastiore est. Nam qui fertur et raptatur atque huc atque illuc distrahitur, is vexari proprie dicitur, etc.,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

(rector) per confragosa vexabitur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 41, 68:

navigia in summum veniant vexata periclum,

Lucr. 6, 430:

Dulichias vexasse rates,

Verg. E. 6, 76:

classis vexata est tempestate,

Vell. 2, 79, 4:

(venti vis) montes supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

Lucr. 1, 275:

venti caeli nubila vexant,

Ov. M. 11, 435:

in turbā vexatus,

tossed back and forth, Suet. Aug. 53 fin.:

ruina cum clade vexatarum regionum (of an earthquake),

Just. 17, 1, 3. —

Transf., in gen., to injure, damage, molest, annoy, distress, plague, trouble, maltreat, abuse, vex, harass, disquiet, disturb, torment, etc. (syn.: ango, crucio, vasto, the predom. signif. of the word).

Physically: cum Hannibal terram Italiam laceraret atque vexaret, Cato ap. Gell. 2, 6, 7:

agros vectigales vexatos et exinanitos a Verre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 122:

Siciliam,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12;

2, 3, 54, § 125: omnem Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

agros,

id. ib. 4, 15 fin.:

urbes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 29:

rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 10, 27:

Amanienses hostes sempiternos,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 3:

hostes,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31 al.:

vexati omnes difficultate viae,

Liv. 40, 22, 6; 42, 55, 3:

vexato exercitu descendit,

id. 36, 30, 6:

quos et ipsos... locorum asperitas hostiliter vexavit,

id. 43, 5, 10; Nep. Eum. 5, 2:

quem (stomachum) umor vexat,

Plin. 20, 8, 32, § 76:

fauces (tussis),

Mart. 11, 86, 1:

vites frigore,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

dentes percussu,

id. 28, 11, 49, § 180:

vestem solo,

to rumple, disorder, Petr. 128:

rosas,

to crush, Mart. 11, 89, 2:

comas,

to twist, frizzle, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 24.—In mal. part.:

maritum,

Mart. 8, 46, 7; 11, 81, 1; Petr. 139; Aus. Epigr. 108.—

In the part. perf. subst.: vexāta, ōrum, n., injured parts of the body, hurts, injuries, Cels. 7 praef. fin.; ib. 1; Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 97; Scrib. Comp. 101.—

Mentally:

aliquem probris maledictisque,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48:

(Quinctius) multis vexatus contumeliis,

id. Quint. 31, 98:

aliquem honestissimis contentionibus,

id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

aliquem iis verbis, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

vexatur Theophrastus et libris et scholis omnium philosophorum,

is attacked, id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25:

sollicitudo vexat impios,

disquiets, torments, id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf.:

ita conscientia mentem excitam vexabat,

Sall. C. 15, 4:

me honoris cupido vexabat,

id. ib. 3, 5:

mentem mariti philtris,

Juv. 6, 611.

vĭa ( vĕa, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14), ae ( gen. sing. vias, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P., or Ann. v. 421 Vahl.; viāï, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16, or Ann. v. 209 ib.; Lucr. 1, 406; 1, 659; 2, 249 et saep.; dat. plur. VIEIS, Inscr. Lat. 206, 50), f. [Sanscr. vah-āmi, bring, lead; Gr. ochos, ochêma, vehicle; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; from this root are also veho, vexo, etc.], a way, in the most general sense (for men, beasts, or carriages, within or without a city), a highway, road, path, street.

Lit.

In gen.:

viae latitudo ex lege duodecim tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet, in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim,

Dig. 8, 3, 8:

Romam in montibus positam et convallibus, non optimis viis, angustissimis semitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

et modo quae fuerat semita, facta via est,

Mart. 7, 61, 4:

aut viam aut semitam monstret,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 30:

mi opsistere in viā,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 5:

ire in viā,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 42:

omnibus viis notis semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 19 (opp. semita), id. ib. 7, 8; Liv. 44, 43, 1; cf.:

decedam ego illi de viā,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 80; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

paulum ad dexteram de viā declinavi,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

decedere viā,

Suet. Tib. 31:

aestuosa et pulverulenta via,

Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1:

quā (viā) Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

cursare huc illuc viā deterrimā,

Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:

in viam se dare,

to set out on a journey, id. Fam. 14, 12:

te neque navigationi neque viae committere,

id. ib. 16, 4, 1:

tu abi tuam viam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 88:

milites monuit, viā omnes irent, nec deverti quemquam paterentur,

along the highway, Liv. 25, 9, 4.—In a double sense:

ire publicā viā,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 35.—Prov.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.):

de viā in semitam degredi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 40:

totā errare viā,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 14.—

In partic., as the name of a particular street or road:

tres ergo viae, a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22:

Via Appia,

id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 6;

v. Appius: Via Campana,

Suet. Aug. 94;

v. Campania: Sacra Via, in Rome, in the fourth region,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 47 Müll.; Fest. p. 290 ib.; Cic. Planc. 7, 17; Hor. Epod. 4, 7; 7, 8:

Via Sacra,

id. S. 1, 9, 1;

also written as one word, SACRAVIA,

Inscr. Grut. 638, 7; 1033, 1; cf. Charis. p. 6 P.; Diom. p. 401 ib. (v. sacer, I. A.); cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 219 sq.— Hence, Sacrăvĭenses, ĭum, m., those dwelling on the Sacra Via, Fest. s. v. October equus, p. 178 Müll.—

Transf.

Abstr., like our way, for march, journey (syn. iter):

cum de viā languerem,

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

nisi de viā fessus esset,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 1: tridui via, a three days' march or journey, Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

bidui,

id. ib. 6, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:

longitudo viae,

Liv. 37, 33, 3:

flecte viam velis,

Verg. A. 5, 28:

tum via tuta maris,

Ov. M. 11, 747:

feci Longa Pherecleā per freta puppe vias,

id. H. 16, 22:

ne inter vias praeterbitamus, metuo,

by the way, on the road, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Turp. ap. Non. p. 538, 8 et saep.—

In gen., a way, passage, channel, pipe, etc.; thus, a lane in a camp, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; a passage between the seats of a theatre, Mart. 5, 14, 8; Tert. Spect. 3; of the veins:

omnes ejus (sanguinis) viae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; of the chyle ducts:

quaedam a medio intestino usque ad portas jecoris ductae et directae viae,

id. ib.; the windpipe, Ov. M. 15, 344; 14, 498; a cleft through which any thing penetrates, Verg. G. 2, 79; cf. Ov. M. 11, 515; the path or track of an arrow, Verg. A. 5, 526; a stripe in a party-colored fabric, Tib. 2, 3, 54 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., a way, method, mode, manner, fashion, etc., of doing any thing, course (cf. modus):

vitae,

Cic. Fl. 42, 105; id. Agr. 1, 9, 27; id. Sest. 67, 140; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26; Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 5; Lact. Epit. 67, 12:

via vivendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

rectam vitae viam sequi,

id. ib.:

Socrates hanc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 43:

haec ad aeternam gloriam via est,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18:

haec una via omnibus ad salutem visa est,

Liv. 36, 27, 8:

invenire viam ad mortem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:

totidem ad mortem viae sunt,

Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 6:

cum eum hortarer ut eam laudis viam rectissimam esse duceret,

Cic. Brut. 81, 281: haec est una via laudis, id. Sest. 65, 137:

totam ignoras viam gloriae,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:

quae tum promptissima mortis via, exsolvit venas,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

habeo certam viam atque rationem, quā omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi possim,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:

defensionis ratio viaque,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1, §

4: non tam justitiae quam litigandi tradunt vias,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

docendi via,

id. Or. 32, 114:

optimarum artium vias tradere,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

(di) non... nullas dant vias nobis ad significationum scientiam,

id. ib. 2, 49, 102:

rectam instas viam,

i. e. you speak correctly, truly, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 41.—Adverb.: rectā viā, directly:

ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.—

Pregn. (cf. ratio), the right way, the true method, mode, or manner:

ingressu'st viam, i. e. rectam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273:

in omnibus quae ratione docentur et viā, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

rationally and methodically, Cic. Or. 33, 116:

ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 29.—Adverb.: viā, rightly, properly (opp. to wandering out of the way):

ipsus eam rem secum reputavit viā,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 11:

viā et arte dicere,

Cic. Brut. 12, 46. —

Viam perficere, i. e. to attain an end, Just. Inst. proöem. 1.