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  • 21 exposure

    •• Exposure exposing or being exposed to air or cold or danger, etc. (Oxford American Dictionary).

    •• Известен пример с предложением He died of exposure. Слово exposure употребляется здесь в значении (Новый БАРС) подвергание внешнему воздействию (хоть и неуклюже сказано, но лучше, может быть, не придумаешь). Oxford American Dictionary предлагает такое определение exposing or being exposed to air or cold or danger, etc. Вот именно, etc.! Ведь если не знать, где и когда человек умер (в пустыне? на Северном полюсе? в средней полосе? ночью? в полдень? и т.д.), то перевести совершенно невозможно. Нужен контекст.
    •• Но слово exposure может задать переводчику загадки и другого рода. Во всяком случае, в предлагаемых ниже примерах переводчику вряд ли помогут «словарные значения» типа разоблачение, выдержка, экспозиция, обнажение, которые можно найти в большинстве словарей. Even after his prison term for rape and his subsequent exposure as an ordinary fighter, Tyson still fascinates the public (Time). Здесь значение слова exposure настолько широкое, что, кажется, оно десемантизировалось – по остроумному выражению В.Г.Гака, подверглось семантическому «опустошению». Мало этого, как видно из словарного определения, exposure значит и exposing, и being exposed. Впрочем, опытному переводчику в данном случае не составит труда найти подходящее русское слово (например, выступление) – ведь смысл предложения абсолютно ясен из контекста. Слово exposure, кстати говоря, совсем не книжное. Вот цитата из записи выступления Билла Гейтса (опубликовано в журнале Fortune): I was lucky enough when I was quite young to have an exposure to computers... Вспомним совет: нередко в переводе слов с широкой семантикой подходят слова также с широкой семантикой: Мне повезло: еще совсем молодым я познакомился с компьютерами... (русское познакомиться действительно сильно десемантизируется).
    •• Сложнее обстоит дело в другом примере: Uralmash offers exposure to a large asset base but it has only just begun to restructure (из аналитического материала для инвесторов, подготовленного инвестиционной компанией Merrill Lynch). Думаю, что и здесь употреблено удобное, но семантически «опустошенное» слово. В переводе оно может просто исчезнуть, например: Уралмаш обладает мощной базой основных фондов. Можно все-таки попробовать проникнуть в смысл выражения offers exposure: Уралмаш дает инвестору доступ к значительным основным фондам. А вот то же слово (и тоже в экономическом контексте), но уже в «отрицательном» смысле: What assets the banks do have could be wiped out thanks to their exposure to so-called “dollar forward contracts” signed with Western banks (журнал Time о положении российских банков в связи с угрозой девальвации). Оно может быть передано с использованием слов ответственность или риск: Те реальные активы, которыми банки действительно обладают, могут исчезнуть вследствие ответственности банков по так называемым форвардным долларовым контрактам, заключенным с западными банками/Банки подвергли свои активы колоссальному риску, заключив так называемые долларовые форвардные контракты с западными банками.
    •• * Exposure – одно из тех английских слов, которые можно разбирать бесконечно. В «Моем несистематическом словаре» приводятся примеры, при переводе которых возникают контекстуальные варианты. Можно привести и множество других аналогичных примеров. Разумеется, двуязычный словарь не может включать большое количество контекстуальных переводов. Но варианты более или менее закономерные, которые могут пригодиться переводчику довольно часто, надо включать. Для слова exposure одним из таких вариантов (в рамках значения the condition of being subject to a force or influence) является русское контакт. Вот пример из статьи в New York Times о распространении эпидемии атипичной пневмонии в Канаде:
    •• For two weeks the tone of health care officials and local news media coverage had been increasingly upbeat that the disease was largely contained to a fixed number of people linked to a single chain of exposures beginning at one hospital.
    •• Один из последующих абзацев подтверждает, что exposure и contact в данном случае синонимичны:
    •• The new cluster originated when one member of the group contracted the virus at Scarborough Grace Hospital, where the entire Ontario outbreak began, and he passed it on to members of his family. He died and several group members were apparently infected at his funeral, where they came into contact with the man’s sick relatives before they were put in quarantine.
    •• Кстати, стоит обратить внимание на закрепившееся соответствие:
    •• SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – синдром атипичной пневмонии.
    •• Чаще по-русски говорят просто атипичная пневмония. Это тот случай, когда при одновременном появлении или открытии какого-либо явления в разных странах речь идет не столько о переводе с одного языка на другой, сколько о назывании (именовании) данного явления в соответствии с терминологическими традициями данного языка. В этом случае возможно существенное расхождение.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > exposure

  • 22 Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 23 August 1885 Gillingham, Kent, England
    d. 9 October 1959 Fareham, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    English scientist and administrator who made many contributions to military technology.
    [br]
    Educated at Westminster College, in 1904 Tizard went to Magdalen College, Oxford, gaining Firsts in mathematics and chemistry. After a period of time in Berlin with Nernst, he joined the Royal Institution in 1909 to study the colour changes of indicators. From 1911 until 1914 he was a tutorial Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined first the Royal Garrison Artillery, then, in 1915, the newly formed Royal Flying Corps, to work on the development of bomb-sights. Successively in charge of testing aircraft, a lieutenant-colonel in the Ministry of Munitions and Assistant Controller of Research and Experiments for the Royal Air Force, he returned to Oxford in 1919 and the following year became Reader in Chemical Thermodynamics; at this stage he developed the use of toluene as an air-craft-fuel additive.
    In 1922 he was appointed an assistant secretary at the government Department of Industrial and Scientific Research, becoming Principal Assistant Secretary in 1922 and its Permanent Director in 1927; during this time he was also a member of the Aeronautical Research Committee, being Chairman of the latter in 1933–43. From 1929 to 1942 he was Rector of Imperial College. In 1932 he was also appointed Chairman of a committee set up to investigate possible national air-defence systems, and it was largely due to his efforts that the radar proposals of Watson-Watt were taken up and an effective system made operational before the outbreak of the Second World War. He was also involved in various other government activities aimed at applying technology to the war effort, including the dam-buster and atomic bombs.
    President of Magdalen College in 1942–7, he then returned again to Whitehall, serving as Chairman of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and of the Defence Research Policy Committee. Finally, in 1952, he became Pro-Chan-cellor of Southampton University.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Air Force Cross 1918. CB 1927. KCB 1937. GCB 1949. American Medal of Merit 1947. FRS 1926. Ten British and Commonwealth University honorary doctorates. Hon. Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Royal Society of Arts Gold Medal. Franklin Institute Gold Medal. President, British Association 1948. Trustee of the British Museum 1937–59.
    Bibliography
    1911, The sensitiveness of indicators', British Association Report (describes Tizard's work on colour changes in indicators).
    Further Reading
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms

  • 23 scout

    1. noun
    1)

    [Boy] Scout — Pfadfinder, der

    2) (Mil. etc.): (sent to get information) Späher, der/ Späherin, die; Kundschafter, der/ Kundschafterin, die
    2. intransitive verb

    scout for somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas Ausschau halten

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/110176/scout_about">scout about
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (a person, aircraft etc sent out to bring in information, spy etc: The scouts reported that there were Indians nearby.) der/die Kundschafter(in)
    2) ((with capital: formerly Boy Scout) a member of the Scout Movement, an organization of boys formed to develop alertness and strong character.) der Pfadfinder
    2. verb
    (to act as a scout or spy: A party was sent ahead to scout.) auskundschaften
    * * *
    [skaʊt]
    n see scout I. 1
    * * *
    [skaʊt]
    1. n
    1) (MIL: person) Kundschafter(in) m(f), Späher(in) m(f); (= ship, plane) Aufklärer m
    2) (= reconnaissance) Erkundung f; (MIL) Aufklärung f; (= search) Suche f

    to have or take a scout (a)round for sth — sich nach etw umsehen

    3) (= football scout etc) Kundschafter(in) m(f), Spion(in) m(f); (= talent scout) Talentsucher(in) m(f)
    4) (employed by motoring organization) Pannenhelfer(in) m(f)
    2. vi
    erkunden, auskundschaften

    he was scouting for new talent — er war auf Talentsuche

    3. vt
    area, country erkunden
    * * *
    scout1 [skaʊt]
    A s
    1. a) besonders MIL Kundschafter m, Späher m
    b) SPORT Spion(in), Beobachter(in) (gegnerischer Mannschaften etc): → talent 2
    2. MIL
    a) Erkundungs-, Aufklärungsfahrzeug n
    b) SCHIFF Aufklärungskreuzer m
    c) auch scout (air)plane FLUG Aufklärer m
    3. besonders MIL Kundschaften n, Erkundung f:
    on the scout auf Erkundung
    4. a) Pfadfinder m
    b) US Pfadfinderin f
    5. a good scout ein feiner Kerl
    6. UNIV Hausdiener m eines College (besonders in Oxford)
    7. AUTO Br motorisierte(r) Pannenhelfer(in) (eines Automobilklubs)
    B v/i
    1. besonders MIL auf Erkundung sein:
    scouting party Spähtrupp m
    2. scout about ( oder around) sich umsehen ( for nach)
    C v/t
    1. auch scout out besonders MIL auskundschaften, erkunden
    2. (wachsam) beobachten
    3. SPORT eine gegnerische Mannschaft etc beobachten
    scout2 [skaʊt] v/t obs verächtlich zurückweisen
    * * *
    1. noun
    1)

    [Boy] Scout — Pfadfinder, der

    2) (Mil. etc.): (sent to get information) Späher, der/ Späherin, die; Kundschafter, der/ Kundschafterin, die
    2. intransitive verb

    scout for somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas Ausschau halten

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Aufklärer m.
    Kundschafter m.
    Pfadfinder m.
    Späher - m.
    Wandervogel m.

    English-german dictionary > scout

  • 24 Dyer, Joseph Chessborough

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 15 November 1780 Stonnington Point, Connecticut, USA
    d. 2 May 1871 Manchester, England
    [br]
    American inventor of a popular type of roving frame for cotton manufacture.
    [br]
    As a youth, Dyer constructed an unsinkable life-boat but did not immediately pursue his mechanical bent, for at 16 he entered the counting-house of a French refugee named Nancrède and succeeded to part of the business. He first went to England in 1801 and finally settled in 1811 when he married Ellen Jones (d. 1842) of Gower Street, London. Dyer was already linked with American inventors and brought to England Perkins's plan for steel engraving in 1809, shearing and nail-making machines in 1811, and also received plans and specifications for Fulton's steamboats. He seems to have acted as a sort of British patent agent for American inventors, and in 1811 took out a patent for carding engines and a card clothing machine. In 1813 there was a patent for spinning long-fibred substances such as hemp, flax or grasses, and in 1825 there was a further patent for card making machinery. Joshua Field, on his tour through Britain in 1821, saw a wire drawing machine and a leather splitting machine at Dyer's works as well as the card-making machines. At first Dyer lived in Camden Town, London, but he had a card clothing business in Birmingham. He moved to Manchester c.1816, where he developed an extensive engineering works under the name "Joseph C.Dyer, patent card manufacturers, 8 Stanley Street, Dale Street". In 1832 he founded another works at Gamaches, Somme, France, but this enterprise was closed in 1848 with heavy losses through the mismanagement of an agent. In 1825 Dyer improved on Danforth's roving frame and started to manufacture it. While it was still a comparatively crude machine when com-pared with later versions, it had the merit of turning out a large quantity of work and was very popular, realizing a large sum of money. He patented the machine that year and must have continued his interest in these machines as further patents followed in 1830 and 1835. In 1821 Dyer had been involved in the foundation of the Manchester Guardian (now The Guardian) and he was linked with the construction of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He was not so successful with the ill-fated Bank of Manchester, of which he was a director and in which he lost £98,000. Dyer played an active role in the community and presented many papers to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. He helped to establish the Royal Institution in London and the Mechanics Institution in Manchester. In 1830 he was a member of the delegation to Paris to take contributions from the town of Manchester for the relief of those wounded in the July revolution and to congratulate Louis-Philippe on his accession. He called for the reform of Parliament and helped to form the Anti-Corn Law League. He hated slavery and wrote several articles on the subject, both prior to and during the American Civil War.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1811, British patent no. 3,498 (carding engines and card clothing machine). 1813, British patent no. 3,743 (spinning long-fibred substances).
    1825, British patent no. 5,309 (card making machinery).
    1825, British patent no. 5,217 (roving frame). 1830, British patent no. 5,909 (roving frame).
    1835, British patent no. 6,863 (roving frame).
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of National Biography.
    J.W.Hall, 1932–3, "Joshua Field's diary of a tour in 1821 through the Midlands", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6.
    Evan Leigh, 1875, The Science of Modern Cotton Spinning, Vol. II, Manchester (provides an account of Dyer's roving frame).
    D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The Diffusion of Textile
    Technologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830s, Oxford (describes Dyer's links with America).
    See also: Arnold, Aza
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Dyer, Joseph Chessborough

  • 25 Paul, Robert William

    [br]
    b. 3 October 1869 Highbury, London, England
    d. 28 March 1943 London, England
    [br]
    English scientific instrument maker, inventor of the Unipivot electrical measuring instrument, and pioneer of cinematography.
    [br]
    Paul was educated at the City of London School and Finsbury Technical College. He worked first for a short time in the Bell Telephone Works in Antwerp, Belgium, and then in the electrical instrument shop of Elliott Brothers in the Strand until 1891, when he opened an instrument-making business at 44 Hatton Garden, London. He specialized in the design and manufacture of electrical instruments, including the Ayrton Mather galvanometer. In 1902, with a purpose-built factory, he began large batch production of his instruments. He also opened a factory in New York, where uncalibrated instruments from England were calibrated for American customers. In 1903 Paul introduced the Unipivot galvanometer, in which the coil was supported at the centre of gravity of the moving system on a single pivot. The pivotal friction was less than in a conventional instrument and could be used without accurate levelling, the sensitivity being far beyond that of any pivoted galvanometer then in existence.
    In 1894 Paul was asked by two entrepreneurs to make copies of Edison's kinetoscope, the pioneering peep-show moving-picture viewer, which had just arrived in London. Discovering that Edison had omitted to patent the machine in England, and observing that there was considerable demand for the machine from show-people, he began production, making six before the end of the year. Altogether, he made about sixty-six units, some of which were exported. Although Edison's machine was not patented, his films were certainly copyrighted, so Paul now needed a cinematographic camera to make new subjects for his customers. Early in 1895 he came into contact with Birt Acres, who was also working on the design of a movie camera. Acres's design was somewhat impractical, but Paul constructed a working model with which Acres filmed the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race on 30 March, and the Derby at Epsom on 29 May. Paul was unhappy with the inefficient design, and developed a new intermittent mechanism based on the principle of the Maltese cross. Despite having signed a ten-year agreement with Paul, Acres split with him on 12 July 1895, after having unilaterally patented their original camera design on 27 May. By the early weeks of 1896, Paul had developed a projector mechanism that also used the Maltese cross and which he demonstrated at the Finsbury Technical College on 20 February 1896. His Theatrograph was intended for sale, and was shown in a number of venues in London during March, notably at the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square. There the renamed Animatographe was used to show, among other subjects, the Derby of 1896, which was won by the Prince of Wales's horse "Persimmon" and the film of which was shown the next day to enthusiastic crowds. The production of films turned out to be quite profitable: in the first year of the business, from March 1896, Paul made a net profit of £12,838 on a capital outlay of about £1,000. By the end of the year there were at least five shows running in London that were using Paul's projectors and screening films made by him or his staff.
    Paul played a major part in establishing the film business in England through his readiness to sell apparatus at a time when most of his rivals reserved their equipment for sole exploitation. He went on to become a leading producer of films, specializing in trick effects, many of which he pioneered. He was affectionately known in the trade as "Daddy Paul", truly considered to be the "father" of the British film industry. He continued to appreciate fully the possibilities of cinematography for scientific work, and in collaboration with Professor Silvanus P.Thompson films were made to illustrate various phenomena to students.
    Paul ended his involvement with film making in 1910 to concentrate on his instrument business; on his retirement in 1920, this was amalgamated with the Cambridge Instrument Company. In his will he left shares valued at over £100,000 to form the R.W.Paul Instrument Fund, to be administered by the Institution of Electrical Engineers, of which he had been a member since 1887. The fund was to provide instruments of an unusual nature to assist physical research.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Fellow of the Physical Society 1920. Institution of Electrical Engineers Duddell Medal 1938.
    Bibliography
    17 March 1903, British patent no. 6,113 (the Unipivot instrument).
    1931, "Some electrical instruments at the Faraday Centenary Exhibition 1931", Journal of Scientific Instruments 8:337–48.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1943, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 90(1):540–1. P.Dunsheath, 1962, A History of Electrical Engineering, London: Faber \& Faber, pp.
    308–9 (for a brief account of the Unipivot instrument).
    John Barnes, 1976, The Beginnings of Cinema in Britain, London. Brian Coe, 1981, The History of Movie Photography, London.
    BC / GW

    Biographical history of technology > Paul, Robert William

  • 26 full

    full [fʊl]
    (a) (completely filled) plein, rempli;
    ∎ the cup was full to the brim or full to overflowing with coffee la tasse était pleine à ras bord de café;
    ∎ this box is only half full cette boîte n'est remplie qu'à moitié ou n'est qu'à moitié pleine;
    ∎ will you open the door for me, my hands are full vous voulez bien m'ouvrir la porte, j'ai les mains occupées;
    ∎ don't talk with your mouth full ne parle pas la bouche pleine;
    ∎ you shouldn't go swimming on a full stomach tu ne devrais pas nager après avoir mangé;
    ∎ I've got a full week ahead of me j'ai une semaine chargée devant moi;
    ∎ the sails are full les voiles portent bien
    ∎ (to be) full of (filled with) (être) plein de;
    ∎ her arms were full of flowers elle portait des brassées de fleurs, elle avait des fleurs plein les bras;
    ∎ her eyes were full of tears elle avait les yeux pleins de larmes;
    ∎ a look full of gratitude un regard plein ou chargé de reconnaissance;
    ∎ his look was full of admiration son regard était plein d'admiration;
    ∎ the children were full of excitement les enfants étaient très excités;
    ∎ her parents were full of hope ses parents étaient remplis d'espoir;
    ∎ she's full of good ideas elle est pleine de bonnes idées;
    ∎ the day was full of surprises la journée a été pleine de surprises;
    ∎ her letters are full of spelling mistakes ses lettres sont truffées de fautes d'orthographe;
    ∎ full of energy or of life plein de vie;
    ∎ to be full of oneself être plein de soi-même ou imbu de sa personne;
    ∎ he's full of his own importance il est pénétré de sa propre importance;
    ∎ they/the papers were full of news about China ils/les journaux ne parlaient que de la Chine;
    ∎ familiar to be full of it raconter n'importer quoi;
    ∎ vulgar to be full of shit déconner à pleins tubes
    (c) (crowded → room, theatre) comble, plein; (→ hotel, restaurant, train) complet(ète);
    ∎ the hotel was full (up) l'hôtel était complet;
    ∎ Theatre house full (sign) complet
    (d) (satiated) rassasié, repu;
    ∎ British I'm full (up)! je n'en peux plus!
    (e) (complete, whole) tout, complet(ète)
    ∎ she listened to him for three full hours elle l'a écouté pendant trois heures entières;
    ∎ the house is a full 10 miles from town la maison est à 15 bons kilomètres ou est au moins à 15 kilomètres de la ville;
    ∎ in full sunlight en plein soleil;
    ∎ the full amount la somme totale;
    ∎ she received her full share of the money elle a reçu tout l'argent qui lui revenait;
    ∎ he rose to his full height il s'est dressé de toute sa hauteur;
    ∎ to fall full length tomber de tout son long;
    ∎ he leads a very full life il a une vie bien remplie;
    ∎ the full horror of the situation toute l'horreur de la situation;
    ∎ I don't want a full meal je ne veux pas un repas entier;
    ∎ give him your full name and address donnez-lui vos nom, prénom et adresse;
    ∎ in full uniform en grande tenue;
    ∎ in full view of the cameras/of the teacher devant les caméras/le professeur;
    ∎ to get full marks avoir vingt sur vingt;
    ∎ I got full marks in my maths test j'ai eu vingt sur vingt à mon examen de maths;
    ∎ figurative full marks! bravo!;
    ∎ full marks for observation! bravo, vous êtes très observateur!;
    ∎ Photography in full colour tout en couleur;
    ∎ Nautical full sail toutes voiles dehors;
    ∎ figurative in full sail toutes voiles dehors, à toute vapeur
    (f) (maximum) plein;
    ∎ make full use of this opportunity mettez bien cette occasion à profit, tirez bien profit de cette occasion;
    ∎ they had the music on full volume ils avaient mis la musique à fond;
    ∎ on full beam en feux de route, en pleins phares;
    ∎ peonies in full bloom des pivoines épanouies;
    ∎ the trees are in full bloom les arbres sont en fleurs;
    ∎ it was going full blast (heating) ça chauffait au maximum; (radio, TV) ça marchait à pleins tubes; (car) ça roulait à toute allure;
    ∎ the orchestra was at full strength l'orchestre était au grand complet;
    ∎ she caught the full force of the blow elle a reçu le coup de plein fouet
    (g) (detailed) détaillé;
    ∎ I didn't get the full story je n'ai pas entendu tous les détails de l'histoire;
    ∎ he gave us a full report il nous a donné un rapport détaillé;
    ∎ I asked for full information j'ai demandé des renseignements complets
    (h) (plump → face) plein, rond; (→ figure) rondelet, replet; (→ lips) charnu;
    ∎ dresses designed to flatter the fuller figure des robes qui mettent en valeur les silhouettes épanouies
    (i) (ample, wide → clothes, skirt) large, ample; (→ sleeve) large, bouffant
    (j) (sound) timbré; (voice) étoffé, timbré
    (k) (flavour) parfumé; (wine) robuste, qui a du corps
    (l) (brother, sister) germain
    (a) (entirely, completely) complètement, entièrement;
    ∎ I turned the heat on full or British full on j'ai mis le chauffage à fond;
    ∎ British he put the radio full on il a mis la radio à fond;
    ∎ to turn a tap on full or British full on ouvrir un robinet en grand
    (b) (directly, exactly) carrément;
    ∎ the blow caught her full in the face elle a reçu le coup en pleine figure;
    ∎ lying full in the sun couché en plein (au) soleil
    ∎ you know full well I'm right tu sais très bien ou parfaitement que j'ai raison;
    ∎ British full out à toute vitesse, à pleins gaz;
    ∎ to ride full out filer à toute vitesse, foncer
    intégralement;
    ∎ to pay in full payer intégralement;
    ∎ we paid the bill in full nous avons payé la facture dans son intégralité;
    ∎ they refunded my money in full ils m'ont entièrement remboursé;
    ∎ write out your name in full écrivez votre nom en toutes lettres;
    ∎ they published the book in full ils ont publié le texte intégral ou dans son intégralité
    au plus haut degré, au plus haut point;
    ∎ British enjoy life to the full profitez de la vie au maximum
    ►► full board pension f complète;
    British Military full colonel colonel m;
    Finance full consolidation intégration f globale;
    Accountancy full cost accounting (method) méthode f de capitalisation du coût entier;
    Finance full costing méthode f du coût complet;
    Finance full discharge quitus m;
    full dress (evening clothes) tenue f de soirée; (uniform) grande tenue f;
    Telecommunications full duplex bidirectionnel m simultané, full duplex m;
    ∎ to send sth full duplex transmettre qch en full duplex;
    Economics full employment plein emploi m;
    full fare (for adult) plein tarif f; (for child) une place entière;
    full frontal = photographie montrant une personne nue de face;
    full general ≃général m à cinq étoiles;
    full house Cards full m; Theatre salle f comble;
    ∎ Theatre to play to a full house jouer à guichets fermés;
    Computing full Internet access accès m à tout l'Internet;
    Cars full licence permis m tous véhicules;
    full member membre m à part entière;
    familiar the full monty (everything) la totale;
    ∎ to do a Full Monty (strip) faire un strip-tease intégral□ ;
    full moon pleine lune f;
    ∎ at full moon à la pleine lune;
    full pay paie f entière;
    Finance full payment paiement m intégral;
    Typography full point (in punctuation) point m;
    full price prix m fort;
    American full professor professeur m d'université (titulaire d'une chaire);
    Music full score partition f;
    full session (of a committee etc) réunion f plénière;
    British full stop (pause) arrêt m complet; Grammar point m; Computing point m final;
    ∎ the parade came to a full stop le défilé s'est arrêté;
    ∎ the whole airport came to a full stop toute activité a cessé dans l'aéroport;
    ∎ I won't do it, full stop! je ne le ferai pas, un point c'est tout!;
    British University full term (at Oxford and Cambridge) = période pendant laquelle ont lieu les cours;
    full text texte m intégral;
    full time (of working week) temps m complet; Sport fin f de match;
    Sport full toss (in cricket) coup m plein;
    Commerce full weight poids m juste
    ⓘ To do a Full Monty Cette phrase est une allusion au film britannique The Full Monty, qui fut un très gros succès en 1997, et qui est l'histoire d'un groupe de chômeurs de Sheffield qui décident de devenir strip-teaseurs. L'expression the full Monty existait déjà avant le film dans le sens "absolument tout", mais le film a donné naissance à cette nouvelle formule ( to do a Full Monty) qui signifie "faire un strip-tease intégral". On pourra dire par exemple: every Saturday night drunken youths spill out of pubs and do a full Monty in the middle of the High Street ("le samedi soir des jeunes sortent du pub complètement saouls et se mettent à poil au milieu de la rue principale").

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > full

  • 27 titular

    adj.
    1 tenured.
    el equipo titular the first team
    2 titular.
    La persona titular no estaba The titular person wasn't in.
    f. & m.
    holder.
    titular de una tarjeta de crédito/cuenta corriente credit card/current account holder
    m.
    1 headline (Prensa).
    con grandes titulares splashed across the front page
    Los titulares no eran halagadores The headlines were not flattering.
    2 titleholder, title-holder.
    El titular fracasó The titleholder failed to succeed.
    3 holder, holder of an office, holder of a position, position holder.
    4 legal owner, owner.
    v.
    1 to call, to title (libro, cuadro).
    2 to name, to entitle, to style.
    Ellos titulan a los candidatos They name the candidates.
    3 to confer title to, to award a title, to title.
    La organización titula a los miembros The organization titles the members.
    Ellos titularon al profesor They titled the professor.
    4 to put a title to.
    5 to titrate, to determine the value of.
    El laboratorio titula las soluciones The lab titrates the solutions.
    * * *
    1 to entitle, title, call
    1 regular
    1 (poseedor) holder
    2 (de un puesto) office holder; (de cátedra) professor
    1 (prensa) headline
    1 (llamarse) to be called, be titled
    2 EDUCACIÓN to graduate (en, in)
    \
    el titular de la cartera de... PLÍTICA the minister of...
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. noun mf.
    holder, owner
    3. verb
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ

    juez titular — judge assigned to a particular court

    médico titular — doctor assigned to a particular post in the public health care system

    profesor titular — teacher assigned to a particular post in the state education system

    2. SMF
    1) [de puesto] holder, incumbent; (Rel) incumbent
    2) [de cuenta, pasaporte] holder; [de coche, vivienda] owner
    3) (Dep) regular first-team player; LAm captain
    3.
    SM (Prensa) headline

    los titulares — (Radio, TV) the (news) headlines

    4.
    VT [+ libro, película] to title, entitle

    tituló la obra "Fiesta" — he (en)titled the play "Fiesta"

    ¿cómo vas a titular el trabajo? — what title are you going to give the essay?

    5.
    See:
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo <médico/profesor> permanent
    II
    masculino y femenino
    1)
    a) (de pasaporte, cuenta) holder; (de bien, vivienda) owner, titleholder (frml)
    b) (de cargo, plaza) holder, incumbent (frml)
    2) titular masculino
    a) ( en periódico) headline
    b) (Rad, TV) main story

    los titulares — the main stories, the news headlines

    III 1.
    verbo transitivo < obra>

    su novela titulada `Julia' — his novel called o (frml) entitled `Julia'

    ¿cómo vas a titular la canción? — what's the title of the song going to be?

    2.
    titularse v pron
    1) obra/película to be called, be entitled (frml)
    2) (Educ) to graduate, get one's degree

    titularse EN/DE algo — to graduate in/as something

    * * *
    I
    adjetivo <médico/profesor> permanent
    II
    masculino y femenino
    1)
    a) (de pasaporte, cuenta) holder; (de bien, vivienda) owner, titleholder (frml)
    b) (de cargo, plaza) holder, incumbent (frml)
    2) titular masculino
    a) ( en periódico) headline
    b) (Rad, TV) main story

    los titulares — the main stories, the news headlines

    III 1.
    verbo transitivo < obra>

    su novela titulada `Julia' — his novel called o (frml) entitled `Julia'

    ¿cómo vas a titular la canción? — what's the title of the song going to be?

    2.
    titularse v pron
    1) obra/película to be called, be entitled (frml)
    2) (Educ) to graduate, get one's degree

    titularse EN/DE algo — to graduate in/as something

    * * *
    titular1
    1 = holder, the, owner, occupant, starting player.

    Ex: The statement of copyright is an indication of the holder of the copyright of that work and of the year in which this right was obtained.

    Ex: The owner of the memex, let us say, is interested in the origin and properties of the bow and arrow.
    Ex: The administrative assistant position is a new one, and its first occupant, Booth Slye, has been on the job one week.
    Ex: They continues to win without starting players.
    * equipo titular = starting team.
    * profesor titular = associate professor.
    * profesor titular interino = lecturer.
    * titular de cuenta bancaria = bank account holder.
    * titular de la cuenta = account holder.
    * titular de la tarjeta = cardholder.
    * titular del cargo = incumbent.
    * titular del copyright = copyright holder, copyright owner.
    * titular del derecho = payee entitled.
    * titular del derecho de autor = rights-holder [rightsholder], copyright holder.
    * titular de los derechos de autor = rights-owner.
    * titular de noticias = news headline.
    * titular de una licencia = licensee.
    * titular de una patente = patentee.

    titular2
    2 = headline, news headline, newspaper headline, headline banner.

    Ex: For example, a headline announcing 'Mrs Thatcher at Oxford hears of second Falkland crisis' does not merit retrieval under Oxford, but does require to be retrieved under Falkland.

    Ex: After a year's rapid development of portals by major search engines, adding such things as scorecards, news headlines or links to other services, search engine developers are now turning to personalization as a way of holding their users.
    Ex: Inferencing skills can be learned as students clarify contextual meanings of ambiguous statements, mispronunciations, and boners that may be found in newspaper headlines, texts, and conversations.
    Ex: Yesterday's report on March retail sales was greeted with banner headlines proclaiming the comeback of the consumer.
    * gran titular = headline banner.
    * titular a toda plana = headline banner.
    * titular de periódico = headline, newspaper headline.

    titular3
    3 = style, title, entitle, headline.

    Ex: Mathilda Panopoulos, known as 'Tilly' to her friends and colleagues but usually styled 'Tilly the Hun' or just 'the Hun' by her detractors, is a native of Pritchard.

    Ex: In the eighth edition of a work which has been variously titled throughout its long life some valuable comments were made about the functions of bibliography.
    Ex: The article is entitled '2,400-bps modems: the pros and cons of searching in the fast lane' = El artículo se titula "Los modems de 2.400 bps: los pros y los contra de la búsqueda a toda pastilla".
    Ex: Leading technology visionaries will headline this annual knowledge community event.
    * titularse en = gain + a degree in.

    * * *
    ‹médico/profesor› permanent
    Inter jugó con todos sus jugadores titulares Inter fielded all its regular first-team players
    A
    1 (de un pasaporte, una cuenta) holder; (de un bien, una vivienda) owner, titleholder ( frml)
    2 (de un cargo, una plaza) holder, incumbent ( frml)
    al morir el titular de la cátedra when the professor died
    el titular de la comisaría de la localidad the chief of the local police
    el equipo tiene a varios titulares lesionados the team has several first-team players out through injury
    B
    2 ( Rad, TV) main story
    los titulares the main stories, the news headlines
    titular3 [A1 ]
    vt
    ‹novela/película/cuadro›
    su novela titulada `Julia' his novel entitled `Julia'
    ¿cómo vas a titular la canción? what's the title of the song going to be?, what are you going to call the song?
    A «obra/película» to be called, be entitled ( frml)
    ¿cómo se titula la obra ganadora? what is the winning play called?, what is the name of the winning play?
    B ( Educ):
    me titulé hace dos años I graduated o got my degree two years ago
    titularse EN/ DE algo to graduate IN/ AS sth
    se tituló en Filosofía he graduated in Philosophy, he obtained o ( AmE) earned a Philosophy degree
    se tituló de médico/abogado he qualified as a doctor/lawyer
    * * *

    titular 1 adjetivo ‹médico/profesor› permanent
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (de pasaporte, cuenta, cargo) holder
    ■ sustantivo masculino

    b) (Rad, TV) main story;


    titular 2 ( conjugate titular) verbo transitivo ‹ obra›:
    ◊ su novela titulada `Julia' his novel called o (frml) entitled `Julia'

    titularse verbo pronominal
    1 [obra/película] to be called, be entitled (frml)
    2 (Educ) to graduate, get one's degree;
    titularse EN/DE algo to graduate in/as sth
    ' titular' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    once
    - titular1
    English:
    bearer
    - by-election
    - cardholder
    - entitle
    - head
    - headline
    - hold
    - holder
    - incumbent
    - titular
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    [profesor] tenured;
    miembro titular full member;
    el equipo titular the first team;
    el juez titular = the judge assigned to a particular court
    ♦ nmf
    1. [poseedor] holder;
    titular de una tarjeta de crédito/cuenta corriente credit card/Br current o US checking account holder
    2. [profesor] tenured Br lecturer o US professor;
    el titular de la cátedra the holder of the chair
    3. [jugador] first-team player
    ♦ nm
    Prensa headline;
    con grandes titulares splashed across the front page
    ♦ vt
    [libro, cuadro] to call, to title
    * * *
    1
    I adj
    :
    profesor titular tenured professor
    II m/f DEP first-team player
    III m de periódico headline
    2 v/t title, entitle
    * * *
    : to title, to entitle
    * * *
    1. (en un periódico) headline
    2. (en deporte) first team player

    Spanish-English dictionary > titular

  • 28 Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 2 April 1814 West Boyleston, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 6 December 1879 USA
    [br]
    American inventor of power looms for making lace and many types of carpets.
    [br]
    Bigelow was born in West Boyleston, Massachusetts, where his father struggled as a farmer, wheelwright, and chairmaker. Before he was 20, Bigelow had many different jobs, among them farm labourer, clerk, violin player and cotton-mill employee. In 1830, he went to Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, but he could not afford to go on to Harvard. He sought work in Boston, New York and elsewhere, making various inventions.
    The most important of his early inventions was the power loom of 1837 for making coach lace. This loom contained all the essential features of his carpet looms, which he developed and patented two years later. He formed the Clinton Company for manufacturing carpets at Leicester, Massachusetts, but the factory became so large that its name was adopted for the town. The next twenty years saw various mechanical discoveries, while his range of looms was extended to cover Brussels, Wilton, tapestry and velvet carpets. Bigelow has been justly described as the originator of every fundamental device in these machines, which were amongst the largest textile machines of their time. The automatic insertion and withdrawal of strong wires with looped ends was the means employed to raise the looped pile of the Brussels carpets, while thinner wires with a knife blade at the end raised and then severed the loops to create the rich Wilton pile. At the Great Exhibition in 1851, it was declared that his looms made better carpets than any from hand looms. He also developed other looms for special materials.
    He became a noted American economist, writing two books about tariff problems, advocating that the United States should not abandon its protectionist policies. In 1860 he was narrowly defeated in a Congress election. The following year he was a member of the committee that established the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    National Cyclopedia of American Biography III (the standard account of his life). F.H.Sawyer, 1927, Clinton Item (provides a broad background to his life).
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (describes Bigelow's inventions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

  • 29 Lawes, Sir John Bennet

    [br]
    b. 28 December 1814 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, England
    d. 31 August 1900 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, England
    [br]
    English scientific agriculturalist.
    [br]
    Lawes's education at Eton and Oxford did little to inform his early taste for chemistry, which he developed largely on his own. By the age of 20 he had fitted up the best bedroom in his house as a fully equipped chemical laboratory. His first interest was in the making of drugs; it was said that he knew the Pharmacopoeia, by heart. He did, however, receive some instruction from Anthony Todd Thomson of University College, London. His father having died in 1822, Lawes entered into possession of the Rothamsted estate when he came of age in 1834. He began experiments with plants with uses as drugs, but following an observation by a neighbouring farmer of the effect of bones on the growth of certain crops Lawes turned to experiments with bones dissolved in sulphuric acid on his turnip crop. The results were so promising that he took out a patent in 1842 for converting mineral and fossil phosphates into a powerful manure by the action of sulphuric acid. The manufacture of these superphosphates became a major industry of tremendous benefit to agriculture. Lawes himself set up a factory at Deptford in 1842 and a larger one in 1857 at Barking Creek, both near London. The profits from these and other chemical manufacturing concerns earned Lawes profits which funded his experimental work at Rothamsted. In 1843, Lawes set up the world's first agricultural experiment station. Later in the same year he was joined by Joseph Henry Gilbert, and together they carried out a considerable number of experiments of great benefit to agriculture, many of the results of which were published in the leading scientific journals of the day, including the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. In all, 132 papers were published, most of them jointly with Gilbert. A main theme of the work on plants was the effect of various chemical fertilizers on the growth of different crops, compared with the effects of farm manure and of no treatment at all. On animal rearing, they studied particularly the economical feeding of animals.
    The work at Rothamsted soon brought Lawes into prominence; he joined the Royal Agricultural Society in 1846 and became a member of its governing body two years later, a position he retained for over fifty years. Numerous distinctions followed and Rothamsted became a place of pilgrimage for people from many parts of the world who were concerned with the application of science to agriculture. Rothamsted's jubilee in 1893 was marked by a public commemoration headed by the Prince of Wales.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1882. FRS 1854. Royal Society Royal Medal (jointly with Gilbert) 1867.
    Further Reading
    Memoir with portrait published in J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Memoranda of the origin, plan and results of the field and other experiments at Rothamsted, issued annually by the Lawes Agricultural Trust Committee, with a list of Lawes's scientific papers.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Lawes, Sir John Bennet

  • 30 Petty, Sir William

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 26 May 1623 Romsey, Hampshire, England
    d. 16 December 1687 London, England
    [br]
    English scientist, medical practitioner, researcher and founder member of the Royal Society of London.
    [br]
    Despite coming from modest circumstances, Petty had an illustrious career, which started with college in France at the age of 13, followed by service on a small coastal ship and then studies at the medical schools of Ley den and Paris. In 1651 he was appointed Professor of Anatomy at Oxford, and by this time was attending meetings of fellow scientists and philosophers which culminated in the founding of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. In 1652 Petty was sent to Ireland as PhysicianGeneral for the Army; he was soon involved in many matters of an intellectual and experimental nature. He took responsibility for the first proper survey of the country and produced maps and an Irish atlas, Hiberniae Delineatio, published in 1685. His investigations into political economics had a profound effect on seventeenth-century thinking. Of equal importance were his radical proposals for ship design; he presented many papers on naval architecture to the Royal Society and at one time suggested floating harbours similar to the Mulberry harbours of nearly three centuries later. In 1662 he built the pioneer catamaran Invention II (described at the time as a double-bottomed ship!), which was capable of lifting 5 tons of cargo.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1661.
    Further Reading
    P.G.Dale, 1987, Sir W.P. of Romsey, Romsey: LTVAS Group.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Petty, Sir William

  • 31 Young, Arthur

    [br]
    b. 11 September 1741 London, England
    d. 20 April 1820 Bradford, England
    [br]
    English writer and commentator on agricultural affairs; founder and Secretary of the Board of Agriculture (later the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food).
    [br]
    He was the youngest of the three children of Dr Arthur Young, who was at one time Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. He learned Latin and Greek at Lavenham School, and at the age of 17 was apprenticed to a mercantile house, an occupation he disliked. He first published The Theatre of the Present War in North America in 1758. He then wrote four novels and began to produce the literary magazine The Universal Museum. After his father's death he returned home to manage his father's farm, and in 1765 he married Martha Allen.
    Young learned farming by experiment, and three years after his return he took over the rent of a 300 acre farm, Samford Hall in Essex. He was not a practical farmer, and was soon forced to give it up in favour of one of 100 acres (40.5 hectares) in Hertfordshire. He subsidized his farming with his writing, and in 1768 published The Farmer's Letters to the People of England. The first of his books on agricultural tours, Six Weeks Tours through the Counties of England and Wales, was published in 1771. Between 1784 and 1809 he published the Annals of Agriculture, one of whose contributors was George III, who wrote under the pseudonym of Ralph Robinson.
    By this time he was corresponding with all of influence in agricultural matters, both at home and abroad. George Washington wrote frequently to Young, and George III was reputed to travel always with a copy of his book. The Empress of Russia sent students to him and had his Tours published in Russian. Young made three trips to France in 1787, 1788 and 1789–90 respectively, prior to and during the French Revolution, and his Travels in France (1792) is a remarkable account of that period, made all the more fascinating by his personal contact with people differing as widely as Mirabeau, the French revolutionary leader, and King Louis XVI.
    Unfortunately, in 1811 an unsuccessful cataract operation left him blind, and he moved from London to his native Bradford, where he remained until his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Chairman, Agricultural Committee of the Society of Arts 1773: awarded three Gold Medals during his career for his achievements in practical agriculture. FRS. Honorary Member of the Dublin, York and Manchester learned societies, as well as the Economic Society of Berne, the Palatine Academy of Agriculture at Mannheim, and the Physical Society of Zurich. Honourary member, French Royal Society of Agriculture. Secretary, Board of Agriculture 1793.
    Bibliography
    His first novels were The Fair Americans, Sir Charles Beaufort, Lucy Watson and Julia Benson.
    His earliest writings on agriculture appeared as collected letters in a periodical with the title Museum Rusticum in 1767.
    In 1770 he published a two-volume work entitled A Course of Experimental Agriculture, and between 1766 and 1775 he published The Farmer's Letters, Political Arithmetic, Political Essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire and Southern, Northern and Eastern Tours, and in 1779 he published The Tour of Ireland.
    In addition he was author of the Board of Agriculture reports on the counties of Suffolk, Lincoln, Norfolk, Hertford, Essex and Oxford.
    Further Reading
    J.Thirsk (ed.), 1989, The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Vol. VI (deals with the years 1750 to 1850, the period associated with Young).
    T.G.Gazeley, 1973, "The life of Arthur Young, 1741–1820", Memoirs, American Philosophical Society 97.
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Young, Arthur

  • 32 old

    əuld
    1. прил.;
    сравн. - older, elder;
    превосх. - oldest, eldest
    1) а) старый old age old people grow old get old Syn: aged, elderly, patriarchal, senile, superannuated Ant: adolescent, boyish, childish, girlish, juvenescent, young, youthful б) старый, старческий в) старый, опытный, долго занимавшийся чем-л. old campaigner old hand at Syn: practised, experienced, skilled, clever, knowing
    2) а) давнишний, старинный;
    как первый компонент названий древних языков old family of the old school Old English - Old Norse Old Church Slavonic Old Higher German Old Prussian Syn: ancient, antique б) старый, выдержанный( о вине) в) отменный, потрясающий (тж. old in, old at) to have a high old time разг. ≈ хорошо повеселиться Syn: great, plentiful, abundant, excessive, grand г) поношенный, потрепанный, обветшалый
    3) бывший, прежний;
    предыдущий - old boy Old Year's Day old ice Syn: former
    4) а) вставное слово при вопросе о возрасте и при указании возраста, не переводится How old is she? ≈ Сколько ей лет? He is twenty-two years old. ≈ Ему двадцать два года. б) вставное слово, придает ласкательное либо усилительное значение существительному old guy ≈ дружище old thing old man old woman old lady ∙ old as the hills ≈ старо, как мир;
    очень старый an old head on young shoulders ≈ мудрость не по возрасту old man of the sea ≈ человек, от которого трудно отделаться;
    прилипала to come the old soldier over smb. разг. ≈ поучать кого-л. old shoe old bones old country Old Harry Old Gentleman Old Nick
    2. сущ.
    1) а) мн. или коллект. старики, пожилые люди( с определенным артиклем) old and young б) мн. более чем двулетний и не более чем четырехлетний хмель;
    крепкое пиво или эль I'd had two pints of old at the St. Clair. ≈ Две пинты крепкого проглотил у Сент-Клер.
    2) прошлое, стародавние времена of old from of old men of old in the days of old Syn: the past
    3) уст. возраст (собирательнле) старики;
    - home for the * дом для престарелых;
    - * and young alike are football fans nowadays среди болельщиков футбола есть и старики и молодежь давнее прошлое, древность;
    - of * в прежнее время, прежде;
    - in days of * в старину;
    - men of * люди доброго старого времени;
    - heroes of * герои прошлого;
    - our fanters of * наши предки;
    - from of * исстари, с прежних времен;
    - of * three were giants hese в давние времена эту местность населяли великаны;
    - I have heard it for * я об этом слыхивал давным-давно старый;
    - * people старики;
    - * horse старая лошадь;
    - the *est member старший по возрасту член;
    - * land (сельскохозяйственное) старопахотная почва, старопашка;
    - to grow * состариться;
    - he is * enough to know life better в его возрасте пора лучше разбираться в жизни старческий;
    старообразный;
    - * face старческое лицо;
    - to look * выглядеть старым такого-то возраста, стольких-то лет;
    - how * is he ? сколько ему лет?;
    - a baby three monts * трехмесячный ребенок;
    - a seven-year * child семилетний ребенок старый, поношенный, обветшалый, потрепанный;
    - * house старый дом;
    - * boots поношенная обувь;
    - * rags старье;
    старое тряпье;
    - * rose увядшая роза;
    старинный;
    давнишний;
    существующий издавна;
    - * customs старинные обычаи;
    - * family старинный род;
    - * wine выдержанное вино;
    - he was paying off * scores он сводил старые счеты существовавший в прошлом;
    древний;
    - * tomb древнее захоронение;
    - the * laws of our ancestors стародавние законы наших предков более ранний, более древний;
    относящийся к более отдаленному периоду;
    - our * literature наша древняя литература;
    - * church music старинная церковная музыка;
    - the * writers of drama драматурги прошлого;
    - O. English древнеанглийский язык давнишний, старый, привычный;
    хорошо известный;
    - * friend давнишний друг;
    - * familiar faces привычные, знакомые лица;
    - * habits старые привычки;
    - * excuse постоянное оправдание;
    - that's an * one! это старо! бывший, прежний;
    - an * Oxford man выпускник Оксфордского университета;
    - * seaman бывший моряк;
    - * guard сменяемый караул;
    - * officer of the day (американизм) (военное) офицер, сменившийся с дежурства;
    - the * days before the war доброе предвоенное время опытный;
    долго занимавшийся;
    - * champainger старый служака, ветеран;
    - * file (американизм) (военное) (жаргон) старослужащий;
    - an * hand опытный человек;
    - an * hand at the work опытный работник;
    - he is an * hand at that он на этом собаку съел;
    (австралийское) бывший заключенный закоренелый;
    - * bachelor старый холостяк;
    - * in vice закореневший в пороке - good * John дружище Джон;
    - my dear * fellow дорогогй друг;
    - * girl голубушка, милая;
    - * man старина, дружище - to have a fine * time хорошенько повеселиться;
    - to kick up a jolly * row устроить хорошенький скандальчик;
    - any * thing will do все подойдет (геология) размытый, намытый;
    эрозийный > the * Adam греховность человеческой натуры;
    > * boat (американизм) "старая калоша", развалина;
    > * thing старина, дружище;
    > the * bird стреляный воробей;
    > the * man "старик" (глава семьи), "сам" хозяин, начальник;
    босс, шеф;
    - the * Adam греховность человеческой натуры;
    (горное) выработанное пространство;
    - the O. Man of the sea прилипчивый человек;
    бремя, обуза;
    неотвязная мысль;
    неотступно преследующая забота;
    - * maid старая дева;
    чопорный нервный пожилой человек;
    простая детская карточная игра, "акулина";
    - * lady мать;
    жена;
    подружка;
    - O. Lady of Threadneedle Street Английский банк;
    - * woman "старуха", жена;
    суетливый пожилой мужчина;
    "баба";
    - * Nick (эвфмеизм) дьявол, враг рода человеческого, сатана;
    - O. Tom сорт джина;
    - the * one "старик", отец;
    - * salt опытный моряк, морской волк;
    - * soldier бывалый человек;
    - to come the * soldier командовать, распоряжаться, держаться свысока;
    пустая бутылка;
    (сленг) окурок;
    - * story что-то устаревшее, часто повторяющееся;
    - * bones старость;
    старик, старуха;
    - the * country родина, отечество;
    (американизм) старая родина, страна отцов;
    страна, откуда выехал иммигрант или его предки - * master один из великих художников периода XV-XVIII вв;
    картина такого художника;
    - one's * Dutch молодая женщина старо как мир;
    быльем поросло очень старый, древний;
    - as * as Methuselah старый как Мафусаил, очень древний;
    - to see the * year out встречать Новый год;
    - an * head on young shoulders мудрый не по летам ~ старинный, давнишний;
    an old family старинный род;
    of the old school старомодный ~ занимавшийся длительное время (чем-л.) ;
    опытный;
    an old hand( at smth.) опытный человек (в чем-л.) an ~ shoe шутл. старая калоша;
    an old head on young shoulders мудрость не по возрасту an ~ shoe шутл. старая калоша;
    an old head on young shoulders мудрость не по возрасту Old Harry, Old Gentleman, Old Nick дьявол;
    to come the old soldier (over smb.) разг. поучать (кого-л.) ~ прошлое;
    of old прежде, в прежнее время;
    from of old исстари ~ (older, elder;
    oldest, eldest) старый;
    old people старики;
    old age старость;
    to grow (или to get) old стариться to have a high ~ time разг. хорошо повеселиться;
    old as the hills старо, как мир;
    очень старый ~ при вопросе о возрасте и при указании возраста: how old is he? сколько ему лет?;
    he is ten years old ему десять лет in the days of ~ в старину;
    men of old люди прежних времен in the days of ~ в старину;
    men of old люди прежних времен ~ прошлое;
    of old прежде, в прежнее время;
    from of old исстари ~ старинный, давнишний;
    an old family старинный род;
    of the old school старомодный school: of the old ~ старой школы (о произведениях искусства и т. п.) of the old ~ старомодный ~ (older, elder;
    oldest, eldest) старый;
    old people старики;
    old age старость;
    to grow (или to get) old стариться ~, the ~ pl собир. старики;
    old and young все young: ~ (тж. the ~) собир. молодежь;
    old and young стар и млад to have a high ~ time разг. хорошо повеселиться;
    old as the hills старо, как мир;
    очень старый ~ bones шутл. старик;
    старуха ~ bones шутл. старость;
    she wouldn't make old bones она не доживет до старости old бывший, прежний;
    old boy бывший ученик школы ~ придает ласкательное или усилительное значение существительному: old boy дружище;
    old thing голубушка, дружок the ~ country родина, отечество;
    old man of the sea человек, от которого трудно отделаться;
    прилипала Old Harry, Old Gentleman, Old Nick дьявол;
    to come the old soldier (over smb.) разг. поучать (кого-л.) the ~ man разг. мор. капитан the ~ man разг. "старик" (муж или отец) the ~ man разг. старина the ~ man разг. шеф, босс the ~ country родина, отечество;
    old man of the sea человек, от которого трудно отделаться;
    прилипала Old Harry, Old Gentleman, Old Nick дьявол;
    to come the old soldier (over smb.) разг. поучать (кого-л.) ~ (older, elder;
    oldest, eldest) старый;
    old people старики;
    old age старость;
    to grow (или to get) old стариться ~ придает ласкательное или усилительное значение существительному: old boy дружище;
    old thing голубушка, дружок the ~ woman разг. "старушка" (обыкн. о жене) Old World Старый Свет, восточное полушарие world: ~ мир, свет;
    вселенная;
    to bring into the world произвести на свет, родить;
    the Old World Старый свет;
    the New World Новый свет ~ bones шутл. старость;
    she wouldn't make old bones она не доживет до старости

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > old

  • 33 old

    1. [əʋld] n
    1. (the old) собир. старики

    old and young /young and old/ alike are football fans nowadays - среди болельщиков футбола есть и старики и молодёжь

    2. давнее прошлое, древность

    of old - в прежнее время, прежде

    men /people/ of old - люди доброго старого времени

    from of old - исстари, с прежних времён

    of old there were giants here - в давние времена эту местность населяли великаны

    2. [əʋld] a (older, уст. elder; oldest, уст. eldest)
    1. старый

    old horse [oak] - старая лошадь [-ый дуб]

    old land - с.-х. старопахотная почва, старопашка

    to grow /to get/ old - состариться

    he is old enough to know life better - в его возрасте пора лучше разбираться в жизни

    2. старческий; старообразный

    old face [voice, gait] - старческое лицо [-ий голос, -ая походка]

    to look old - выглядеть старым /старообразным/

    3. такого-то возраста, стольких-то лет

    how old is he? - сколько ему лет?

    4. старый, поношенный, обветшалый, потрёпанный

    old boots [clothes] - поношенная обувь [одежда]

    old rags - старьё; старое тряпьё

    your fooling grows old, and people dislike it - твои шутки стареют и перестают нравиться людям

    5. старинный; давнишний; существующий издавна

    old customs [traditions] - старинные обычаи [традиции]

    6. существовавший в прошлом; древний
    7. более ранний, более древний; относящийся к более отдалённому периоду

    our old literature - наша древняя /ранняя/ литература

    Old English [French, High German] - древнеанглийский [старофранцузский, древневерхненемецкий] язык

    8. давнишний, старый, привычный; хорошо известный

    old friend [customer, client] - давнишний /старый/ друг [покупатель, клиент]

    old familiar faces - привычные, знакомые лица

    old excuse - постоянное /привычное/ оправдание

    that's an old one! - это старо!

    9. бывший, прежний

    old soldier - бывший солдат [см. тж. ♢ ]

    old officer of the day - амер. воен. офицер, сменившийся с дежурства

    10. опытный (в чём-л.); долго занимавшийся (чем-л.)

    old campaigner - старый служака, ветеран

    old file - амер. воен. жарг. старослужащий

    an old hand - а) опытный /бывалый/ человек; an old hand at the work [at the game, at fishing] - опытный работник [игрок, рыбак /рыболов/]; he is an old hand at that - ≅ он на этом собаку съел; б) австрал. бывший заключённый

    11. закоренелый

    old bachelor - старый /закоренелый/ холостяк

    old in vice [in cunning] - закореневший в пороке [в коварстве]

    12. эмоц.-усил.
    1):

    my dear [good] old fellow - дорогой друг

    old girl - голубушка, милая

    old man /chap/ - старина, дружище

    2):

    to have a fine /a good, a high, a rare/ old time - хорошенько повеселиться

    13. геол. размытый, намытый; эрозийный

    ♢ the old Adam - греховность человеческой натуры

    old boat /crate, relic, tub, wreck/ - амер. шутл. «старая калоша», развалина ( об автомобиле)

    old thing /bean, egg, fruit, top/ - старина, дружище ( обращение)

    the old bird - ≅ стреляный воробей

    the old man - а) «старик» (муж или отец, глава семьи), «сам»; б) хозяин, начальник; босс, шеф; в) = the old Adam; г) горн. выработанное пространство

    the Old Man of the Sea - а) прилипчивый человек; б) бремя, обуза; неотвязная мысль; неотступно преследующая забота

    old maid - а) старая дева; б) чопорный нервный пожилой человек; в) простая детская карточная игра, ≅ «акулина»

    old lady - а) мать; б) жена; в) подружка

    old woman - а) «старуха», жена; б) суетливый пожилой мужчина; «баба»

    old Nick /Harry, Gentleman, adversary, enemy, gooseberry/ - эвф. дьявол, враг рода человеческого, сатана

    the old one - «старик», отец

    old salt /whale/ - опытный моряк, морской волк

    old soldier - а) бывалый человек; to come the old soldier (over smb.) - командовать (кем-л.), распоряжаться, держаться свысока; б) пустая бутылка; в) сл. окурок [см. тж. 9]

    old story /stuff/ - что-то устаревшее, часто повторяющееся

    old bones - шутл. а) старость; б) старик; старуха

    the old country - а) родина, отечество; б) амер. старая родина, страна отцов ( иммигранта); страна, откуда выехал иммигрант или его предки

    old master ( часто the Old Master) - а) один из великих художников периода XV-XVIII вв.; б) картина такого художника

    one's old Dutch = old woman а)

    as old as the hills /as Adam/ - а) старо как мир; быльём поросло; б) очень старый, древний

    as old as Methuselah - старый как Мафусаил, очень древний

    НБАРС > old

  • 34 scout

    1. noun
    1) (a person, aircraft etc sent out to bring in information, spy etc: The scouts reported that there were Indians nearby.) speider
    2) ((with capital: formerly Boy Scout) a member of the Scout Movement, an organization of boys formed to develop alertness and strong character.) speider
    2. verb
    (to act as a scout or spy: A party was sent ahead to scout.) speide, være på utkikk etter
    I
    subst. \/skaʊt\/
    1) speider (medlem av speiderforeningen)
    2) talentspeider
    3) ( militærvesen) spaner, speider, observatør
    4) ( militærvesen) spaningsfartøy, spaningsfly
    5) ( sjøfart) rekognoseringsbåt
    6) speiding, rekognosering, spaning
    7) (vei)patruljemann
    8) ( ved universitetet i Oxford) tjener, oppasser
    9) (hverdagslig, gammeldags) fyr, type
    be on the scout for være på utkikk etter
    II
    verb \/skaʊt\/
    avvise (med forakt)
    scout at håne, spotte
    III
    verb \/skaʊt\/
    1) speide, spane, rekognosere (i)
    2) være speider
    3) undersøke, skaffe seg lærdom om, vurdere
    scout about\/around for se etter, være på jakt\/utkikk etter
    scout out\/up ( hverdagslig) skaffe seg, samle sammen, lete opp

    English-Norwegian dictionary > scout

  • 35 scout

    1. noun
    1) (a person, aircraft etc sent out to bring in information, spy etc: The scouts reported that there were Indians nearby.) izvidnik
    2) ((with capital: formerly Boy Scout) a member of the Scout Movement, an organization of boys formed to develop alertness and strong character.) tabornik
    2. verb
    (to act as a scout or spy: A party was sent ahead to scout.) ogledovati
    * * *
    I [skáut]
    1.
    noun
    military
    izvidnik, oglednik, ogleduh; izvidniško letalo, izvidniška ladja; ogledovanje, military rekognosciranje, poizvedovanje; colloquially star prijatelj; slang dečko; Oxford university sluga, strežnik (študentov)
    scout car military izvidniško (oklopno) vozilo
    boy scout, girl scout — skavt, skavtinja
    on the scout — na poizvedovanju, na preži;
    2.
    intransitive verb
    ogledovati, razgledovati, military rekognoscirati; iskati; (budno) opazovati
    II [skáut]
    transitive verb
    odbiti s prezirom, odkloniti (predlog, zamisel, ponudbo); obsolete rogati se, posmehovati se, norčevati se

    English-Slovenian dictionary > scout

  • 36 scout

    [skaʊt] 1.
    1) (anche Scout) scout m. e f.
    2) mil. esploratore m.

    to have a scout around — andare in perlustrazione o in ricognizione (anche fig.)

    3) (anche talent scout) talent scout m. e f.
    2.
    modificatore (anche Scout) [camp, leader, movement] scout; [ uniform] da scout; [ troop] di scout
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (a person, aircraft etc sent out to bring in information, spy etc: The scouts reported that there were Indians nearby.) esploratore, ricognitore
    2) ((with capital: formerly Boy Scout) a member of the Scout Movement, an organization of boys formed to develop alertness and strong character.) scout
    2. verb
    (to act as a scout or spy: A party was sent ahead to scout.) andare in ricognizione
    * * *
    scout /skaʊt/
    n.
    1 (mil.) esploratore
    2 (aeron., = scout plane) aereo da ricognizione; ricognitore
    3 (naut.) nave vedetta; nave da ricognizione; esploratore
    4 (= boy scout) giovane esploratore; scoutista; scout
    6 atto di cercare; sguardo; occhiata
    7 (mus., cinem., = talent scout) scopritore di talenti; talent scout
    9 (fam., antiq.) tipo; tizio; uomo: a good scout, un brav'uomo
    ● scout car, (mil.) blindato da ricognizione; auto di pattuglia della polizia □ (ind. min.) scout hole, sondaggio esplorativo □ (med.) scout nurse, assistente ferrista □ (mil.) on the scout, in ricognizione.
    (to) scout /skaʊt/
    A v. t.
    (mil.) esplorare; perlustrare; fare una ricognizione in
    B v. i.
    ● to scout about (o around), andare in cerca; (mil.) perlustrare: They scouted around for some firewood, sono andati in cerca di legna da ardere □ to scout out, esplorare, perlustrare ( il terreno, ecc.); scovare, trovare, reperire ( attori, cantanti, ecc.).
    * * *
    [skaʊt] 1.
    1) (anche Scout) scout m. e f.
    2) mil. esploratore m.

    to have a scout around — andare in perlustrazione o in ricognizione (anche fig.)

    3) (anche talent scout) talent scout m. e f.
    2.
    modificatore (anche Scout) [camp, leader, movement] scout; [ uniform] da scout; [ troop] di scout

    English-Italian dictionary > scout

  • 37 Grove, Sir William Robert

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 11 July 1811 Swansea, Wales
    d. 1 August 1896 London, England
    [br]
    Welsh chemist and physicist, inventor of the Grove electrochemical primary cell.
    [br]
    After education at Brasenose College, Oxford, Grove was called to the Bar in 1835. Instead of immediately practising, he became involved in electrical research, devising in 1839 the cell that bears his name. He became Professor of Experimental Philosophy at the London Institution from 1840 to 1845; it was during this period that he built up his high reputation among physicists. In 1846 he published On the Correlation of Physical Forces, which was based on a course of his lectures. He returned to the practice of law, becoming a judge in 1871, but retained his interest in scientific research during his sixteen-year occupancy of the Bench. He served as a member of the Council of the Royal Society in 1846 and 1847 and played a leading part in its reform. Contributing to the science of electrochemistry, he invented the Grove cell, which together with its modification by Bunsen became an important source of electrical energy during the middle of the nineteenth century, before mechanically driven generators became available. The Grove cell had a platinum electrode immersed in strong nitric acid, separated by a porous diaphragm from a zinc electrode in weak sulphuric acid. The hydrogen formed at the platinum electrode was immediately oxidized by the acid, turning it into water. This avoided the polarization which occurred in the early copper-zinc cells. It was a very powerful primary cell with a high voltage and a low internal resistance, but it produced objectionable fumes. Grove also invented his "gas battery", the earliest fuel cell, in which a current resulted from the chemical energy released from combining oxygen and hydrogen. This was developed by Rawcliffe and others, and found applications as a power source in manned spacecraft.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1872. FRS 1840. Fellow of the Chemistry Society 1841. Royal Society Royal Medal 1847.
    Bibliography
    1846, On the Correlation of Physical Forces, London; 1874, 6th edn, with reprints of many of Grove's papers (his only book, an early view on the conservation of energy).
    1839, "On a small voltaic battery of great energy", Philosophical Magazine 15:287–93 (his account of his cell).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1896, Electrician 37:483–4.
    K.R.Webb, 1961, "Sir William Robert Grove (1811–1896) and the origin of the fuel cell", Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 85: 291–3 (for the present-day significance of Grove's experiments).
    C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York, pp. 559–61.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Grove, Sir William Robert

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