grief

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dŏlor, ōris, m. [doleo], pain, smart, ache (freq. and class.; for syn. cf.: aegrimonia, maeror, maestitia, luctus, plangor, tristitia, angor, anxietas, cura, sollicitudo).

Corporeal:

dolor est motus asper in corpore, alienus a sensibus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 15: dolores atque carnificinas facere, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

corporis,

Lucr. 4, 1075:

capitis,

id. 6, 785:

dentium, oculorum,

id. 6, 660:

pedum,

Cic. Brut. 34, 130:

articulorum,

id. Att. 1, 5 fin.:

laterum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 32 et saep.—Of the pangs of childbirth, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 33; id. Cist. 1, 2, 22:

utero exorti dolores,

id. Am. 5, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. 48; 3, 1, 19; id. Truc. 4, 3, 33 (with labor); Ter. And. 1, 5, 33 (with laborare); id. Ad. 3, 1, 2 al.—Comic., of the gripings in the stomach of a hungry person, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 11.—

Mental, as a general designation of every painful, oppressive feeling, pain, distress, grief, tribulation, affliction, sorrow, anguish, trouble, vexation, mortification, chagrin, etc. (syn. luctus):

dolor (est) aegritudo crucians,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

si cadit in sapientem animi dolor,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

quanta est cura in animo, quantum corde capio dolorem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 5;

so with cura,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

in labore atque in dolore,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 20:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4; cf.

opp. laetatio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52 fin.:

te dolorem, quem acceperis cum summi viri tum amicissimi morte, ferre moderate,

Cic. Lael. 2, 8; cf. id. de Or. 2, 48 fin.; and:

magno esse Germanis dolori Ariovisti mortem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 3; cf. also id. ib. 7, 38, 3:

magnum et acerbum dolorem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21 fin.:

dolore angi,

id. Fam. 4, 3; cf. id. Phil. 8, 6, 18. —

Esp., indignation, wrath, animosity, anger, resentment:

sed ego in hac sententia dicenda non parebo dolori meo, non iracundiae serviam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 18, 44:

et rei publicae injuriam et suum dolorem condonare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 5:

qui accipit injuriam, et meminit et prae se fert dolorem suum,

Cic. Off. 2, 22 fin.:

magno dolore affici,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 4 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 33, 1; cf.

also: in eas (naves) indiligentiae suae ac doloris iracundia erupit,

id. ib. 3, 8, 3:

quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras?

Verg. A. 2, 594; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 60; id. Epod. 15, 15:

amator agit ubi secum, Accedam? an potius mediter finire dolores,

the torments of love, id. S. 2, 3, 263; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 519; Prop. 1, 13, 9; 3, 20, 27 (4, 20, 17 M.) et saep.:

Catonem veteres inimicitiae Caesaris incitant et dolor repulsae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4, 2; so,

repulsae,

Ov. M. 3, 395:

injuriae,

Liv. 1, 40:

ignominiae,

Suet. Vesp, 8:

conjugis amissae,

Ov. M. 7, 688 et saep.:

justus mihi dolor etiam adversus deos esset, quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 71.—Prov.:

dolorem longa consumit dies,

Sen. ad Marc. 8; cf.:

dolor decrescit, ubi quo crescat non habet,

Pub. Syr. 129 (Rib.).—

Terror, Amm. 14, 2, 15.—

Meton.

A grief, i. e. an object or cause of grief:

illa (potest) etiam duris mentibus esse dolor,

Prop. 1, 14, 18; Ov. P. 3, 3, 73.—

In rhet. lang. for the Gr. pathos, passionate, warm expression; pathos, Cic. de Or. 3, 25; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Or. 37, 130; id. de Or. 2, 17 fin.; Quint. 6, 2, 36.

luctus, ūs ( gen. lucti, Att. ap. Non. 485, 30 and 32), m. [lugeo], sorrow, mourning, grief, affliction, distress, lamentation, esp. over the loss of something dear to one.

Lit.:

filius luctu perditus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

orat, ne suum luctum patris lacrimis augeatis,

id. Fl. 42, 106:

in sordibus, lamentis, luctuque jacuisti,

id. Pis. 36, 89:

afflictus et confectus luctu,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

re cognitā tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

luctu atque caede omnia complentur,

Sall. J. 97:

furere luctu filii,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

in maximos luctus incidere,

id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

luctum alicui importare,

Phaedr. 1, 28, 6:

dare animum in luctus,

Ov. M. 2, 384:

luctus aliquando ridicula fuerit imitatio,

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

multis in luctibus, inque perpetuo maerore senescere,

Juv. 10, 244.—

Transf.

The external signs of sorrow in one's dress and gestures, mourning, mourning apparel, weeds (usually worn by the bereaved, and also by accused persons):

erat in luctu senatus, squalebat civitas, publico consilio mutatā veste,

Cic. Sest. 14, 32:

omnia discessu meo plena luctūs et maeroris fuerunt,

id. ib. 60, 128:

senatusconsulto diebus triginta luctus est finitus,

Liv. 22, 56:

Plancina luctum amissae sororis tum primum laeto cultu mutavit,

Tac. A. 2, 75: minuitur populo luctus aedis dedicatione... privatis autem, cum liberi nati sunt, etc., [p. 1082] Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154 Müll.—

A source of grief:

tu non inventa repertā Luctus eras levior,

Ov. M. 1, 655; cf.:

et luctum et curam effugies,

Juv. 14, 157.—

Personified: Luctus, the god of grief:

primisque in faucibus Orci Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae,

Verg. A. 6, 274; Sil. 13, 581; Stat. Th. 3, 126.

luctus, ūs ( gen. lucti, Att. ap. Non. 485, 30 and 32), m. [lugeo], sorrow, mourning, grief, affliction, distress, lamentation, esp. over the loss of something dear to one.

Lit.:

filius luctu perditus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

orat, ne suum luctum patris lacrimis augeatis,

id. Fl. 42, 106:

in sordibus, lamentis, luctuque jacuisti,

id. Pis. 36, 89:

afflictus et confectus luctu,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

re cognitā tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

luctu atque caede omnia complentur,

Sall. J. 97:

furere luctu filii,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

in maximos luctus incidere,

id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

luctum alicui importare,

Phaedr. 1, 28, 6:

dare animum in luctus,

Ov. M. 2, 384:

luctus aliquando ridicula fuerit imitatio,

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

multis in luctibus, inque perpetuo maerore senescere,

Juv. 10, 244.—

Transf.

The external signs of sorrow in one's dress and gestures, mourning, mourning apparel, weeds (usually worn by the bereaved, and also by accused persons):

erat in luctu senatus, squalebat civitas, publico consilio mutatā veste,

Cic. Sest. 14, 32:

omnia discessu meo plena luctūs et maeroris fuerunt,

id. ib. 60, 128:

senatusconsulto diebus triginta luctus est finitus,

Liv. 22, 56:

Plancina luctum amissae sororis tum primum laeto cultu mutavit,

Tac. A. 2, 75: minuitur populo luctus aedis dedicatione... privatis autem, cum liberi nati sunt, etc., [p. 1082] Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154 Müll.—

A source of grief:

tu non inventa repertā Luctus eras levior,

Ov. M. 1, 655; cf.:

et luctum et curam effugies,

Juv. 14, 157.—

Personified: Luctus, the god of grief:

primisque in faucibus Orci Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae,

Verg. A. 6, 274; Sil. 13, 581; Stat. Th. 3, 126.

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fūnestus, a, um, adj. [funus].

Act., causing death, destruction, or calamity; causing grief; deadly, fatal, destructive, calamitous, mournful, dismal (class.; syn.: nefarius, perniciosus;

fatalis, fatifer): ad ejus (C. Verris) funestam securem servati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 123; cf.:

deorum templis atque delubris funestos ac nefarios ignes inferre,

id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

arma,

Ov. F. 1, 521:

venenum,

id. M. 3, 49:

morsus,

id. ib. 11, 373:

munus,

id. ib. 2, 88:

taxus,

id. ib. 4, 432; cf.

taeda,

Verg. A. 7, 322:

scelus,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 50.— Comp.:

funestior dies Alliensis pugnae, quam urbis captae,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2.— Sup.:

Caligula sceleratissimus ac funestissimus,

Eutr. 7, 12.—

With dat.:

aquilam argenteam, quam tibi perniciosam et funestam futuram confido,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

o diem illum funestum senatui bonisque omnibus!

id. Sest. 12, 27; cf.:

nox nobis,

id. Fl. 41, 103: victoria orbi terrarum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3.—

Neutr., filled with misfortune or grief, fatal, mournful, sad (class.;

syn.: infaustus, infelix, etc.): agros funestos reddere,

Lucr. 6, 1139:

capilli,

Ov. F. 6, 493:

utque manus funestas arceat aris,

i. e. polluted with blood, id. M. 11, 584:

familia,

in mourning, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; Liv. 2, 8, 8; 2, 47, 10:

adeo ut annales velut funesti nihil praeter nomina consulum suggerant,

as if they were lists of the dead, id. 4, 20, 9; cf. epistolae, announcing misfortune or sad tidings, Vell. 2, 117, 1:

funestior advolat alter Nuntius,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 474; cf.:

nocturna volucris funesta querela,

Prop. 2, 20 (3, 13), 5;

hence also: omen,

id. 2, 28, 38 (3, 25, 4 M.):

littera,

denoting death, mourning, Ov. M. 10, 216: manus, mourning (of a dowager), id. ib. 11, 585:

funestum est a forti atque honesto viro jugulari, funestius ab eo, cujus vox, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 31, 95.

rĕcens, entis ( abl. sing., regularly, recenti; but in the poets sometimes recente, e. g. Cat. 63, 7; Ov. F. 4, 346 al.— Gen. plur., regularly, recentium:

recentum,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 2; Sil. 15, 601), adj. [re and cand-; cf.: candeo, candor; Gr. kainos, kaiô], that has not long existed, fresh, young, recent (opp. vetus, and differing from novus; v. antiquus init. (freq. and class.):

quod si veteris contumeliae oblivisci vellet: num etiam recentium injuriarum memoriam deponere posse?

Caes. B. G. 1, 14; 5, 54:

(Verres) cum e provinciā recens esset invidiāque et infamiā non recenti sed vetere ac diuturnā flagraret,

Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

Regini quidam eo venerunt, Romā sane recentes,

directly from Rome, id. Att. 16, 7, 1:

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

id. Sen. 20, 72; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devoravit,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 2; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 34:

viri,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17:

(piscis) nequam est, nisi recens,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 26; cf. id. Ps. 4, 7, 25:

catuli,

just whelped, young, Varr. R. R. 3, 12, 4:

tonsae (oves),

newly shorn, id. ib. 2, 11, 7:

caespites,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96; cf.

flores,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 43; Ov. F. 4, 346:

herbae,

id. ib. 5, 123:

serta,

Verg. A. 1, 417:

prata,

fresh, green, id. ib. 6, 674 Serv.:

sanguis,

newly shed, Cat. 63, 7: sol, poet. for the rising sun, the east, Pers. 5, 54:

proelium,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13 fin.:

victoria,

id. ib. 1, 31 fin.;

5, 47: clades,

Liv. 2, 22, 4 Drak. N. cr.:

pollicitatio,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:

arma,

fresh, newly whetted, Ov. M. 8, 370:

umbrae,

of those newly deceased, id. ib. 4, 434:

animae,

id. ib. 8, 488;

anima,

id. ib. 15, 846 et saep.; cf.: non erit in te Deus recens, newly devised, and hence false, Vulg. Psa. 80, 9.— Comp.:

epistula recentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

recentiore memoriā,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

unus ex amicis recentioribus,

Quint. 6, 3, 92.— Sup.:

recentissima tua est epistula Kal. data,

Cic. Att. 8, 15, 3:

recentissima quaeque sunt correcta et emendata maxime,

id. Ac. 1. 4, 13:

Senones recentissimi advenarum,

Liv. 5, 35.—

With ab, immediately after, fresh from, shortly after, etc.:

pullum asininum a partu recentem subiciunt equae,

newly foaled, Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2:

Homerus, qui recens ab illorum aetate fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5:

recens a vulnere Dido,

i. e. with her wound still fresh, Verg. A. 6, 450:

Poenum recentem ab excidio opulentissimae urbis Iberum transire,

Liv. 21, 16 fin.:

alti spiritus viros, ut ita dicam, a diis recentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 44:

haec vox, a quā recens sum: sonat adhuc et vibrat in auribus meis,

id. Prov. 3, 3.—

With in and abl., or (more freq.) with simple abl.:

alius alio recentior sit in dolore,

Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10:

quod comitatum Agrippinae longo maerore fessum obvii et recentes in dolore anteibant,

yet fresh in grief, whose grief was still fresh, Tac. A. 3, 1 fin.: quaedam (verba) in usu perquam recentia, Quint. 8, 3, 34:

ut erat recens dolore et irā,

Tac. A. 1, 41 fin.; so,

recens praeturā,

id. ib. 4, 52:

stipendiis,

ib. ib. 15, 59:

caede,

id. H. 3, 19:

victoriā,

id. ib. 3, 77.—

With ad and acc.:

recentes sumus ad id quod incipimus,

Quint. 1, 12, 5.—

Recenti re, while the matter is fresh, forthwith, immediately:

quid si recenti re aedes pultem,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 18:

re recenti,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 8; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139;

for which also, recenti negotio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 39, § 101;

and, in recenti,

Dig. 48, 19, 25.—

Recentiores ( subst. and adj.), the moderns (said of authors):

attulisti aliud humanius horum recentiorum,

modern writers, Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 82; Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74; also,

Graeci recentiores,

modern, id. 4, 16, 30, § 103.—

Trop., fresh in strength, not exhausted by fatigue, vigorous:

ut integri et recentes defatigatis succederent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16 fin.; so,

integer et recens (opp.: fusus et saucius),

Flor. 3, 1, 13;

and in the order: recentes atque integri (opp. defatigati),

Caes. B. G. 7, 48 fin.;

and, opp. defessi,

id. B. C. 3, 94; id. B. G. 7, 25:

equitatus,

id. ib. 7, 9:

recens animus (consulis),

Liv. 21, 52:

equi,

id. 29, 34 (along with integrae vires); 38, 25 (opp. fessi); Ov. M. 2, 63:

clamor,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5.— Comp.: sauciis ac defatigatis integros recentioribusque viribus subministrare, Auct. B. Afr. 78, 6. — Hence, advv.: recens and recenter, lately, freshly, newly, just, recently, etc.

Form rĕcens (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

puerum recens natum,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 17:

captum hominem,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 60:

scaena perfusa croco,

Lucr. 2, 416:

exstinctum lumen,

id. 6, 792:

coria recens detracta,

Sall. H. 4, 2 Dietsch:

inter recens domitos,

id. ib. 3, 53: portentum conflatum est recens, Bass. ap. Gell. 15, 4, 3:

beluae recens captae,

Liv. 38, 17, 15; 2, 22, 4:

acceptum vulnus,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

perdomita Hispania,

id. ib. 4, 5:

cognita,

id. ib. 4, 69 et saep.:

condita Roma,

Suet. Tib. 1.—

Form rĕcen-ter (post-class.):

capti turdi,

Pall. 1, 26, 2:

lecta poma,

id. 5, 4 fin. —

Sup.:

quam recentissime stercorato solo,

Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 192; so,

res gestae,

Just. 30, 4, 8.

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