and+remain

gĕro, gessi, gestum ( Part. gen. plur. sync. gerentum, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 13; imper. ger, like dic, duc, fac, fer, Cat. 27, 2), 3, v. a. [root gas-, to come, go; Zend, jah, jahaiti, come; gero (for geso), in caus. sense, to cause to come; cf. Gr. bastazô, from bastos = gestus], to bear about with one, to bear, carry, to wear, have (in the lit. signif. mostly poet., not in Cic., Cæs., Sall., or Quint.; but instead of it ferre, portare, vehere, sustinere, etc.; but in the trop. signif. freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

(vestem ferinam) qui gessit primus,

Lucr. 5, 1420; so,

vestem,

Ov. M. 11, 276 (with induere vestes), Nep. Dat. 3; cf.:

coronam Olympiacam capite,

Suet. Ner. 25:

ornamenta,

id. Caes. 84:

angues immixtos crinibus,

Ov. M. 4, 792:

clipeum (laeva),

id. ib. 4, 782; cf.:

galeam venatoriam in capite, clavam dextra manu, copulam sinistra,

Nep. Dat. 3:

ramum, jaculum,

Ov. M. 12, 442:

spicea serta,

id. ib. 2, 28:

vincla,

id. ib. 4, 681:

venabula corpore fixa,

id. ib. 9, 206; cf.:

tela (in pectore fixus),

id. ib. 6, 228:

Vulcanum (i. e. ignem) in cornu conclusum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185:

spolia ducis hostium caesi suspensa fabricato ad id apte ferculo gerens,

Liv. 1, 10, 5; cf.:

Horatius trigemina spolia prae se gerens,

id. 1, 26, 2:

onera,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 77 Müll.: uterum or partum gerere, to be pregnant, be with young; so, gerere partum, Plin. 8, 47, 72, § 187:

uterum,

id. 8, 40, 62, § 151:

centum fronte oculos centum cervice gerebat Argus,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 19:

lumen unum media fronte,

id. M. 13, 773:

cornua fronte,

id. ib. 15, 596:

virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma,

Verg. A. 1, 315:

virginis ora,

Ov. M. 5, 553; cf.:

quae modo bracchia gessit, Crura gerit,

id. ib. 5, 455 sq.:

Coae cornua matres Gesserunt tum,

i. e. were turned into cows, id. ib. 7, 364:

principio (morbi) caput incensum fervore gerebant,

Lucr. 6, 1145:

qui umbrata gerunt civili tempora quercu,

Verg. A. 6, 772:

tempora tecta pelle lupi,

Ov. M. 12, 380:

(Hector) squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crines Vulneraque illa gerens, quae, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 278:

capella gerat distentius uber,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 110.—

Of inanimate things:

semina rerum permixta gerit tellus discretaque tradit,

Lucr. 6, 790; cf.:

(terram) multosque lacus multasque lacunas In gremio gerere et rupes deruptaque saxa,

id. ib. 6, 539; Enn. ap. Non. 66, 26 (Sat. 23, p. 157 Vahl.); and:

quos Oceano propior gerit India lucos,

Verg. G. 2, 122:

speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,

Lucr. 4, 52.—

In partic. (very rare).

With respect to the term. ad quem, to bear, carry, bring to a place:

(feminae puerique) saxa in muros munientibus gerunt,

Liv. 28, 19, 13:

neque eam voraginem conjectu terrae, cum pro se quisque gereret, expleri potuisse,

id. 7, 6, 2; cf. id. 37, 5, 1. — Absol.:

si non habebis unde irriges, gerito inditoque leniter,

Cato, R. R. 151, 4; Liv. 7, 6, 2 Drak.—Prov.:

non pluris refert, quam si imbrem in cribrum geras,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 100.—

With the accessory idea of production, to bear, bring forth, produce:

quae (terra) quod gerit fruges, Ceres (appellata est),

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; cf. Tib. 2, 4, 56:

violam nullo terra serente gerit,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 6:

arbores (Oete),

id. M. 9, 230:

malos (platani),

Verg. G. 2, 70: frondes (silva), Ov. M. 11, 615:

terra viros urbesque gerit silvasque ferasque Fluminaque et Nymphas et cetera numina ruris,

Ov. M. 2, 16.

Trop.

In gen., to bear, have, entertain, cherish: vos etenim juvenes animum geritis muliebrem, illa virago viri, Poët. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf.:

fortem animum gerere,

Sall. J. 107, 1:

parem animum,

id. ib. 54, 1 Kritz.:

animum invictum advorsum divitias,

id. ib. 43, 5:

animum super fortunam,

id. ib. 64, 2:

mixtum gaudio ac metu animum,

Liv. 32, 11, 5; cf. also Verg. A. 9, 311; and v. infra B. 3.: aeque inimicitiam atque amicitiam in frontem promptam gero, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 8, 6 (Trag. v. 8 Vahl.):

personam,

to support a character, play a part, Cic. Off. 1, 32, 115; cf.:

est igitur proprium munus magistratus, intelligere, se gerere personam civitatis debereque ejus dignitatem et decus sustinere,

id. ib. 1, 34, 132; Aug. Doctr. Christ. 4, 29 init.;

id. Civ. Dei, 1, 21 al.: mores, quos ante gerebant, Nunc quoque habent,

Ov. M. 7, 655:

et nos aliquod nomenque decusque Gessimus,

Verg. A. 2, 89:

seu tu querelas sive geris jocos Seu rixam et insanos amores Seu facilem, pia testa (i. e. amphora), somnum,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 2:

in dextris vestris jam libertatem, opem... geritis,

Curt. 4, 14 fin.:

plumbeas iras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 18:

iras,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 30: M. Catonem illum Sapientem cum multis graves inimicitias gessisse accepimus propter Hispanorum injurias, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66:

veteres inimicitias cum Caesare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 4:

muliebres inimicitias cum aliqua,

Cic. Cael. 14, 32:

inimicitias hominum more,

id. Deiot. 11, 30: simultatem cum aliquo pro re publica, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 3; cf. Suet. Vesp. 6; and Verg. A. 12, 48:

de amicitia gerenda praeclarissime scripti libri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5:

amicitiam,

Nep. Dat. 10 fin.:

praecipuum in Romanos gerebant odium,

Liv. 28, 22, 2:

cum fortuna mutabilem gerentes fidem,

id. 8, 24, 6:

utrique imperii cupiditatem insatiabilem gerebant,

Just. 17, 1 fin. —Absol.:

ad ea rex, aliter atque animo gerebat, placide respondit,

Sall. J. 72, 1.—

In partic.

Gerere se aliquo modo, to bear, deport, behave, or conduct one's self, to act in any manner:

in maximis rebus quonam modo gererem me adversus Caesarem, usus tuo consilio sum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 5; cf. id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

ut, quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. ib. 1, 26, 90; so,

se liberius (servi),

id. Rep. 1, 43:

se inconsultius,

Liv. 41, 10, 5:

se valde honeste,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13:

se perdite,

id. ib. 9, 2, A, 2:

se turpissime (illa pars animi),

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

se turpiter in legatione,

Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 4:

sic in provincia nos gerimus, quod ad abstinentiam attinet, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 5, 17, 2:

sic me in hoc magistratu geram, ut, etc.,

id. Agr. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

nunc ita nos gerimus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 22, 3:

uti sese victus gereret, exploratum misit,

Sall. J. 54, 2:

se medium gerere,

to remain neutral, Liv. 2, 27, 3.—

In a like sense also post-class.: gerere aliquem, to behave or conduct one's self as any one (like agere aliquem):

nec heredem regni sed regem gerebat,

Just. 32, 3, 1; Plin. Pan. 44, 2:

tu civem patremque geras,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 293:

aedilem,

App. M. 1, p. 113:

captivum,

Sen. Troad. 714.—

Gerere se et aliquem, to treat one's self and another in any manner:

interim Romae gaudium ingens ortum cognitis Metelli rebus, ut seque et exercitum more majorum gereret,

Sall. J. 55, 1:

meque vosque in omnibus rebus juxta geram,

id. ib. 85, 47.—

Pro aliquo se gerere, to assume to be:

querentes, quosdam non sui generis pro colonis se gerere,

Liv. 32, 2, 6:

eum, qui sit census, ita se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11 dub.—

Gerere prae se aliquid (for the usual prae se ferre), to show, exhibit, manifest:

affectionis ratio perspicuam solet prae se gerere conjecturam, ut amor, iracundia, molestia, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 30; cf.:

prae se quandam gerere utilitatem,

id. ib. 2, 52, 157: animum altum et erectum prae se gerebat, Auct. B. Afr. 10 fin.; Aug. de Lib. Arbit. 3, 21, 61 al.;

so gerere alone: ita tum mos erat, in adversis voltum secundae fortunae gerere, moderari animo in secundis,

to assume, Liv. 42, 63, 11.—

With the accessory idea of activity or exertion, to sustain the charge of any undertaking or business, to administer, manage, regulate, rule, govern, conduct, carry on, wage, transact, accomplish, perform (cf.: facio, ago).—In pass. also in gen., to happen, take place, be done (hence, res gesta, a deed, and res gestae, events, occurrences, acts, exploits; v. the foll.): tertium gradum agendi esse dicunt, ubi quid faciant;

in eo propter similitudinem agendi et faciundi et gerundi quidam error his, qui putant esse unum. Potest enim aliquid facere et non agere, ut poëta facit fabulam et non agit: contra actor agit et non facit.... Contra imperator quod dicitur res gerere, in eo neque facit neque agit, sed gerit, id est sustinet, translatum ab his qui onera gerunt, quod hi sustinent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 77 Müll.:

omnia nostra, quoad eris Romae, ita gerito, regito, gubernato, ut nihil a me exspectes,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 2:

gerere et administrare rem publicam,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf. id. Rep. 2, 1 and 12:

rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 7; 1, 8; id. Fam. 2, 7, 3 et saep.:

magistratum,

id. Sest. 37, 79; cf.

potestatem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138:

consulatum,

id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; id. Sest. 16, 37:

duumviratum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

tutelam alicujus,

Dig. 23, 2, 68; 27, 1, 22 al.: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 Vahl.); so,

rem, of private affairs,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 34; Cic. de Sen. 7, 22 al.:

aliquid per aes et libram gerere,

to transact by coin and balance, Gai. Inst. 3, 173; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 6, 14.—Of war: etsi res bene gesta est, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168 (Ann. v. 512 Vahl.): vi geritur res, id. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 272 ib.); cf.:

gladiis geri res coepta est,

Liv. 28, 2, 6:

ubi res ferro geratur,

id. 10, 39, 12: qui rem cum Achivis gesserunt statim, Enn. ap. Non. 393, 14 (Trag. v. 39 Vahl.); cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84:

Alexander... passurus gestis aequanda pericula rebus,

exploits, Juv. 14, 314:

miranda quidem, sed nuper gesta referemus,

id. 15, 28.—Of public affairs, affairs of government:

magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris summo imperio praeditis, dictatoribus atque consulibus, belli domique gerebantur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32 fin.; 2, 24:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit,

id. de Sen. 6, 15; cf. § 17: quid quod homines infima fortuna, nulla spe rerum gerendarum ( public business), opifices denique, delectantur historia? maximeque eos videre possumus res gestas ( public events or occurrences) audire et legere velle, qui a spe gerendi absunt, confecti senectute, id. Fin. 5, 19, 52:

sin per se populus interfecit aut ejecit tyrannum, est moderatior, quoad sentit et sapit et sua re gesta laetatur,

their deed, id. Rep. 1, 42:

ut pleraque senatus auctoritate gererentur,

id. ib. 2, 32; cf. id. ib. 1, 27:

haec dum Romae geruntur,

id. Quint. 6, 28:

ut iis, qui audiunt, tum geri illa fierique videantur,

id. de Or. 2, 59, 241:

susceptum negotium,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; cf.:

si ipse negotium meum gererem, nihil gererem, nisi consilio tuo,

id. Att. 13, 3, 1:

negotium bene, male, etc.,

id. Rosc. Com. 11, 32; id. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 5 et saep.; cf.:

quid negotii geritur?

Cic. Quint. 13, 42: annos multos bellum gerentes summum summā industriā, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 Vahl.); cf.:

bello illo maximo, quod Athenienses et Lacedaemonii summa inter se contentione gesserunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16; so,

bella,

id. ib. 5, 2: pacem an bellum gerens, v. Andrews and Stoddard's Gram. § 323, 1 (2); Sall. J. 46 fin.:

bella multa felicissime,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9:

bellum cum aliquo,

id. Sest. 2, 4; id. Div. 1, 46, 103; Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 4 et saep.:

bello gesto,

Liv. 5, 43, 1: mea mater de ea re gessit morem morigerae mihi, performed my will, i. e. complied with my wishes, gratified, humored me, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.:

geram tibi morem et ea quae vis, ut potero, explicabo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 17: morem alicui (in aliqua re), Enn. ap. Non. 342, 24 (Trag. v. 241 Vahl.):

sine me in hac re gerere mihi morem,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 74; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 44; id. Men. 5, 2, 37; id. Mil. 2, 1, 58; Cic. Rep. 3, 5; id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; Ov. Am. 2, 2, 13 et saep.; also without dat., Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 36; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77.— Pass.:

ut utrique a me mos gestus esse videatur,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 3; Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 69; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 108; id. Ad. 2, 2, 6; Nep. Them. 7, 3 al.—With a play upon this meaning and that in II. A.: magna, inquit, [p. 813] bella gessi:

magnis imperiis et provinciis praefui. Gere igitur animum laude dignum,

Cic. Par. 5, 2, 37.— Absol.:

cum superiores alii fuissent in disputationibus perpoliti, quorum res gestae nullae invenirentur, alii in gerendo probabiles, in disserendo rudes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8; cf.

the passage,

id. Fin. 5, 19, 52 supra:

Armeniam deinde ingressus prima parte introitus prospere gessit,

Vell. 2, 102, 2 (where others unnecessarily insert rem), Liv. 25, 22, 1; cf.

also: sive caesi ab Romanis forent Bastarnae... sive prospere gessissent,

id. 40, 58 fin.:

cum Persis et Philippus qui cogitavit, et Alexander, qui gessit, hanc bellandi causam inferebat, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9.—

Of time, to pass, spend (mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic.): ut (Tullia) cum aliquo adolescente primario conjuncta aetatem gereret, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; cf.:

pubertatis ac primae adolescentiae tempus,

Suet. Dom. 1:

vitam,

Petr. 63; Val. Fl. 6, 695:

annum gerens aetatis sexagesimum et nonum,

Suet. Vesp. 24.—Hence, gĕrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 3.), managing, conducting, etc.; with gen.:

rei male gerentes,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 43:

sui negotii bene gerens,

Cic. Quint. 19, 62.

gĕro, ōnis, m. [1. gero], a carrier; connected per hyphen with foras:

ite, ite hac, simul eri damnigeruli, foras gerones, Bonorum hamaxagogae,

that carry off, ravishers, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 1.

măgistrātus, ūs (contr. form:

magistras primus,

Inscr. Orell. 3798), m. [magister], the office or rank of a magister, a magisterial office, civil office, magistracy.

Lit.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

magistratūs mandare,

id. Mur 35, 74:

dare,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 26:

alicui committere,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

magistratum habere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 61, § 137:

obtinere,

to hold, administer, Caes. B. G. 7, 33:

ingredi,

to enter upon, Sall. J. 47:

magistratu abire,

to resign, Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

se abdicare,

Dig. 1, 2, 2:

deponere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 33:

in magistratu manere,

to remain in office, Liv. 5, 11:

esse,

id. 5, 28:

aliquid gerere in magistratu,

Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

hoc mihi deposco, quod agam in magistratu,

id. Verr. 1, 12, 36: lex est generale jussum populi aut plebis, rogante magistratu, Att. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—There were two kinds of civil offices in Rome, magistratus extraordinarii and ordinarii. To the former belonged the dictators, the magistri equitum, the duumviri perduellionis, the quaestores rerum capitalium, the triumviri mensarii, etc. The latter were divided into the majores: the consulate, praetorship, and censorship; and the minores, to which belonged the aediles, the quaestors, the tribuni plebis, the triumviri, etc. Besides these, there were magistratus patricii, which, at first, were filled by patricians; and, on the other hand, magistratus plebeii, which were filled from the plebs; curules, who had the privilege of using the sella curulis, namely, the consuls, censors, praetors, and aediles curules. On the distinction between magistratus majores and minores, v. esp. Gell. 13, 15, 4; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 157.—

Esp.

When magistratus and imperia are joined together, the former denotes magisterial offices in Rome, and the latter the authority of officers in the provinces:

magistratus et imperia minime mihi cupiunda videntur,

Sall. J. 3; cf.:

juris dictionem de fidei commissis, quot annis et tantum in urbe delegari magistratibus solitam, in perpetuum atque etiam per provincias potestatibus demandavit,

Suet. Claud. 23: magistratus, as a general rule, is used of civil offices alone, and only by way of exception of military commands;

the latter were called imperia: abstinentiam neque in imperiis, neque in magistratibus praestitit,

Suet. Caes. 54.—

Of military commands:

erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed omnes, qui in magistratu erant, auctoritate anteibat,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—

Transf., a magistrate, public functionary: quae vox (magistratus) duabus significationibus notatur. Nam aut personam ipsam demonstrat, ut cum dicimus: magistratus jussit; aut honorem, ut cum dicimus: Tito magistratus datus est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 126 Müll.:

est proprium munus magistratūs, intelligere, se gerere personam civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124; Sall. J. 19:

seditiosi,

id. ib. 73:

creare magistratus,

Liv. 5, 17: his enim [p. 1098] magistratibus legati Romam venerunt, in their consulate, Nep. Hann. 7:

inter filium magistratum et patrem privatum,

Gell. 2, 2. —

Esp., sing. collect., the body of magistrates, the municipal administration (cf. Gr. archê = archontes;

not in Cic.): ad magistratum senatumque Lacedaemoniorum,

Nep. Them. 7. 4; id. Lys. 4, 3; id. Epam. 4, 3.

Attĭus or Accĭus (both forms are equally attested; Attius predominated under the empire, and the Greeks always wrote Attios. Teuffel), ii, m., = Attios, a Roman proper name.

L. Attius, a distinguished Roman poet of the ante-class. per., younger than Pacuvius, and his rival in tragedy and comedy. Of his poems a considerable number of fragments yet remain; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. pp. 44 and 45; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 49, and Schmid ad Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 56.—Hence,

Attĭānus ( Acc-), a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Attius:

versus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

Attianum illud: nihil credo auguribus,

Gell. 14, 1, 34.—

Attius Navius, a soothsayer, who, in the presence and at the bidding of Tarquinius Priscus, cut in pieces a stone with a razor, Liv. 1, 36; Val. Max. 1, 4, n. 1; Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31 sqq.; 2, 38, 80.—

P. Attius Varus, a prœtor in Africa at the time of the civil war between Cœsar and Pompey, Caes. B. C. 1, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 13.—Hence,

Attĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Attius:

milites,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

legiones,

Cic. Att. 7, 15 and 20.—

T. Attius, an orator of Pisaurum, in the time of Cicero, Cic. Clu. 23.

dĕcem-vĭri (in MSS. and old edd. often Xviri), um or ōrum ( gen. -virum, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 39; 2, 21, 56; id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; Varr. L. L. 9, § 85 Müll.; Liv. 27, 8; 40, 12: -virorum only in Liv., where it is very freq.), m. [vir], a college or commission of ten men, the decemviri or decemvirs, Roman magistrates of various kinds.

The most famous were called decemviri legibus scribundis, the composers of the Twelve Tables, who ruled alone, and absolutely, in the years of Rome 303 to 305 (legally only 303 and 304; hence "neque decemviralis potestas ultra biennium," Tac. A. 1, 1), Cic. Rep. 2, 36 sq.; Liv. 3, 32 sq.; Gell. 20, 1, 3.—In sing., Cic. Rep. 2, 36 fin.; Liv. 3, 33 fin.; 40; 46; 48 al. The fragments which remain of these laws form one of the most important monuments of the early Latin language; and have been critically edited by R. Schoell, Leips., 1866; cf. Momms. Rom. Hist. book 2, ch. 2; Lange, Röm. Alter. 1, 535 sqq.; Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 503 sq.—

Decemviri stlitibus (litibus) judicandis, a standing tribunal for deciding causes involving liberty or citizenship, and which represented the praetor, Cic. Or. 46, 156; Suet. Aug. 36; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 29; Corp. Inscr. Lat. 8, 38 (A. U. C. 615); cf. Cic. Caec. 33, 97. —In the sing., Inscr. Orell. no. 133 and 554. —

Decemviri agris dividundis, a commission for distributing the public land to the people, Cic. Agr. 1, 6 sq.; 2, 7 sq.; Liv. 31, 4 and 42; cf.:

X. VIR. A. D. A. (i. e. decemviri agris dandis assignandis),

Inscr. Orell. 544.—

Decemviri sacris faciundis, a college of priests who preserved the Sibylline books, had charge of the Apollinaria, etc.; its number in the time of the emperors was increased to sixty, Liv. 10, 8; 25, 12 al.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 554.

dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [durus], to make hard, to harden (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.).

Lit.

Act.:

quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.:

coria (with condurare ferrum),

id. 6, 970; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 4, 577:

caementa calce (opp. interlita luto),

Liv. 21, 11:

ova in aqua,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 45:

pontus frigore,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 85:

nives solo,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 39:

aqua salibus,

i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.:

ungulas (mularum),

id. 6, 37, 11:

ferrum ictibus,

Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149:

guttas in grana,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 94:

uvam fumo,

i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.—In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin. —In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.).—

Neutr.:

tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere,

Verg. E. 6, 35; so,

vino minime durante, uva maxime,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37.—

Trop.

(Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.).

Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.):

opere in duro membra manusque,

Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.:

membra animumque,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 119:

umeros ad vulnera,

Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, * Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.:

exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum,

Vell. 2, 78, 2:

cor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf.

mentem,

Tac. A. 3, 15 al.:

ab duratis usu armorum pulsi,

Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28:

durati bellis,

id. 42, 52:

vitia durantur,

grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out:

durare nequeo in aedibus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46:

durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,

Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.:

nequeo durare, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22:

durare nequeo quin intro eam,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26.—

With acc., to bear, endure ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

patior quemvis durare laborem,

Verg. A. 8, 577:

quascumque vias,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 153;

and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.:

(vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos,

Pall. Febr. 9, 1.—

With inf.:

non quis parumper durare opperier,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5.—

In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, [p. 621] etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44:

uti quam diutissime durent oleae,

Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3:

omnem durare per aevom,

Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.:

neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus),

Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561:

ad posteros virtus durabit,

Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41:

maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33:

durante originis vi,

id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3:

durante bello,

Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.:

munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais,

are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.—With inf.:

ut vivere durent,

Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.—In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live:

narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt,

Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30.—

(Acc. to durus, II. B.)

Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.):

aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula,

Hor. Epod. 16, 65:

ad plagas durari,

Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. §

12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato,

Tac. H. 4, 59.—Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.— Pass.:

linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur,

to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.):

ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis,

Quint. 9, 2, 88:

in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit,

Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.:

usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia,

Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.

servo, āvi, ātum, 1 (old fut. perf. servasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71: servassis, an old formula in Cato, R. R. 141, 3:

servassit,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 76:

servassint,

id. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103), v. a. [cf. salus].

Lit.

In gen., to save, deliver, keep unharmed, preserve, protect, etc. (very freq. and class.; syn. salvo): Ph. Perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Immo servo et servatum volo, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56; cf.:

qui ceteros servavi, ut nos periremus,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2:

pol me occidistis, amici, Non servastis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 139:

aliquem ex periculo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 41 fin.:

aliquem ex judicio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131:

vita ex hostium telis servata,

id. Rep. 1, 3, 5:

urbs ex belli ore et faucibus erepta atque servata,

id. Arch. 9, 21.—With ab and abl. (mostly post - Aug. and rare):

si tamen servari a furibus possunt,

Pall. 5, 8, 7 fin.:

super omnia Capitolium summamque rem in eo solus a Gallis servaverat,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 103.—Mars pater, te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem mihi, etc., an old formula of prayer, Cato, R. R. 141, 3:

di te servassint semper,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64:

di te servassint mihi,

id. Cas. 2, 5, 16; id. Ps. 1, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103:

ita me servet Juppiter,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 24:

serva, quod in te est, filium et me et familiam,

id. Heaut. 4, 8, 4: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratiā. Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.):

invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,

Hor. A. P. 467:

Graeciae portus per se (i. e. Themistoclem) servatos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5: [p. 1684] servare rem publicam, id. Sest. 22, 49:

quoniam me unā vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50:

impedimenta cohortesque,

id. B. C. 1, 70:

urbem insulamque Caesari,

id. ib. 2, 20:

sua,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

rem suam,

Hor. A. P. 329:

servabit odorem Testa,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 69:

Sabinus Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine falcem,

keeping, retaining, Verg. A. 7, 179 et saep.:

urbem et cives integros incolumesque,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25:

pudicitiam liberorum ab eorum libidine tutam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68:

se integros castosque,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72: omnia mihi integra, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1.— Poet. with inf.:

infecta sanguine tela Conjugibus servant parvisque ostendere natis,

Stat. Th. 9, 188.— Absol.: So. Perii, pugnos ponderat. Me. Quid si ego illum tractim tangam ut dormiat? So. Servaveris:

Nam continuas has tres noctes pervigilavi,

you would save me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 157.—

With abl. or ab or ex and abl. of the danger or evil:

si respublica populi Romani Quiritium ad quinquennium proximum salva servata erit hisce duellis, datum donum duit, etc., an ancient votive formula,

Liv. 22, 10, 2:

Q. SERVILIVS VVLNERE SERVATVS,

Inscr. Grut. 48, 5:

omnes quattuor amissis servatae a peste carinae,

Verg. A. 5, 699.—Usu. with ex:

quo ex judicio te ulla salus servare posset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131:

urbs ex omni impetu regio servata,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

ex eo periculo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 41:

navem ex hieme marique,

Nep. Att. 10, 6.—

With abstract objects: navorum imperium servare est induperantum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Trag. v. 413 Vahl.):

imperium probe,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 7:

ordines,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 44; 2, 41; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23:

ordinem laboris quietisque,

Liv. 26, 51:

praesidia indiligentius,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

vigilias,

Liv. 34, 9:

custodias neglegenter,

id. 33, 4:

discrimina rerum,

id. 5, 46:

concentum (fides),

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75:

cursus,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68:

intervallum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

tenorem pugnae,

Liv. 30, 18:

modum,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180 et saep.:

fidem,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 63:

fidem cum aliquo,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 49; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33; Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:

fides juris jurandi saepe cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107; cf.:

fidem de numero dierum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36:

promissum,

Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 1:

promissa,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 23:

officia,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

justitiam,

id. ib. 1, 13, 41; cf.:

aequabilitatem juris,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 53:

aequitatem,

id. Off. 1, 19, 64:

jura induciarum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

institutum militare,

id. ib. 3, 75; cf. id. ib. 3, 84;

3, 89: rectum animi, Hor S. 2, 3, 201: consulta patrum, leges juraque,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 41;

legem,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 2:

consuetudinem,

id. Clu. 32, 89:

illud quod deceat,

id. Off. 1, 28, 97:

dignitatem,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

fidem cum aliquo,

id. Phil. 7, 8, 22:

amicitiam summā fide,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

Platonis verecundiam,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 5:

aequam mentem,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 2:

nati amorem,

Verg. A. 2, 789:

conubia alicujus,

id. ib. 3, 319:

foedera,

Ov. F. 2, 159.—

In partic., to keep, lay up, preserve, reserve for the future or for some purpose (syn. reservare):

si voles servare (vinum) in vetustatem, ad alvum movendam servato,

Cato, R. R. 114, 2; Col. 12, 28, 4:

lectum Massicum,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 6; Col. 12, 28, 4; cf.:

Caecuba centum clavibus,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 26:

lapis chernites mitior est servandis corporibus nec absumendis,

Plin. 36, 17, 28, § 132:

vermes in melle,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 115:

se temporibus aliis,

Cic. Planc. 5, 13:

eo me servavi,

id. Att. 5, 17, 1:

Valerius, in parvis rebus neglegens ultor gravem se ad majora vindicem servabat,

Liv. 2, 11, 4; 10, 28, 5.—With dat.:

placet esse quasdam res servatas judicio voluntatique multitudinis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69:

in aliquod tempus quam integerrimas vires militi servare,

Liv. 10, 28:

Jovis auribus ista (carmina) Servas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44:

causa integra Caesari servaretur, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 1: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,

Verg. A. 1, 207.— Poet. with ad:

ad Herculeos servaberis arcus,

Ov. M. 12, 309.—

Transf. (from the idea of the attention being turned to any thing).

To give heed to, pay attention to; to watch, observe any thing (syn. observo).

In gen.

With acc.: uxor scelesta me omnibus servat modis, Ne, etc., Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 5:

vestimenta sua,

id. ib. 2, 3, 52:

iter alicujus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 19:

Palinurus dum sidera servat,

Verg. A. 6, 338:

nubem locumque,

Ov. M. 5, 631:

nutricis limen servantis alumnae,

keeping watch over, guarding, id. ib. 10, 383:

pascentes haedos,

Verg. E. 5, 12:

vestibulum,

id. A. 6, 556:

servaturis vigili Capitolia voce Cederet anseribus,

Ov. M. 2, 538; cf.:

pomaria dederat servanda draconi,

id. ib. 4, 646.—

With rel.-clause or final: quid servas, quo eam, quid agam? Lucil. ap. Non. 387, 26:

tuus servus servet, Venerine eas (coronas) det, an viro,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 60:

cum decemviri servassent, ut unus fasces haberet,

Liv. 3, 36, 3:

servandum in eo ante omnia, ut, etc.,

Plin. 17, 17, 28, § 124:

ut (triumviri) servarent, ne qui nocturni coetus fierent,

Liv. 39, 14 fin.; Col. 8, 5, 13.—

Absol., to stay, keep watch, or guard: Eu. Intus serva. Sl. Quippini Ego intus servem? an, ne quis aedes auferat? Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 3 sq.; cf.:

nemo in aedibus Servat,

id. Most. 2, 2, 22:

solus Sannio servat domi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 627.— Imper.:

serva!

take care! look out! beware! Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 29; Ter. And. 2, 5, 5; id. Ad. 2, 1, 18; Hor. S. 2, 3, 59.—

In partic., in relig. lang., to observe an omen: secundam avem servat... servat genus altivolantum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 and 84 Vahl.):

de caelo servare,

Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; id. Div. 2, 35, 74;

so of the augurs: de caelo,

id. Vatin. 6, 15; id. Sest. 61, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Att. 2, 16, 2; 4, 3, 3:

caelum servare,

Lucr. 5, 395:

fulgura caeli,

id. 6, 429.—

To keep to, remain in a place (i. e. to keep watch there); to dwell in, inhabit (ante-class. and poet.):

nunc te amabo, ut hanc hoc triduum solum sinas Esse hic et servare apud me,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 107:

tu nidum servas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

atria servantem postico falle clientem,

id. ib. 1, 5, 31:

nymphae sorores, Centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant,

Verg. G. 4, 383:

immanem hydrum Servantem ripas,

id. ib. 4, 459:

sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes,

id. A. 7, 52:

DOMVM SERVAVIT, LANAM FECIT,

Inscr. Orell. 3848.—

In late jurid. Lat.:

servare aliquid (pecuniam) ab aliquo,

to get, obtain, receive, Dig. 17, 1, 45 fin.; so ib. 25, 5, 2; 26, 7, 61.—Hence, * servans, antis, P.a., keeping, observant; with gen.:

Rhipeus servantissimus aequi,

Verg. A. 2, 427.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.

tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 ( perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:

tetinerit,

Att. ib. 178, 12:

tetinisse,

Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan-; Gr. tanumai, teinô; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus].

Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.

Lit.

In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.

argentum,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:

cum pyxidem teneret in manu,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63;

for which: aliquid manu,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:

aliquid dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 99:

digitis,

id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:

lacertis,

id. ib. 2, 100 al.:

radicem ore,

Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:

cibum ore,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;

for which: decoctum diu in ore,

Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:

aliquem in sinu,

Ov. H. 3, 114;

for which: aliquem sinu,

id. ib. 13, 157:

flabellulum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

facem,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

telum,

Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;

philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:

cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,

id. Clu. 7, 20. —

In partic.

With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one ' s power, possess, etc. (syn.:

possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:

Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,

Liv. 1, 5:

provinciam a praedonibus liberam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:

colles praesidiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43:

Formiarum moenia et Lirim,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:

tenente Caesare terras,

id. ib. 3, 14, 15:

rem publicam,

Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:

summam imperii,

Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

equitum centurias,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:

alterum cornu,

to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:

provincias aliaque omnia,

Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. [p. 1854] rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —

Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,

Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:

teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:

et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,

Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):

teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.— Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —

With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:

legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44:

montes teneri,

id. B. G. 3, 2:

haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,

id. ib. 7, 69:

Capitolia celsa tenebat,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

quo teneam Protea nodo?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:

te neque intra Claustra tenebo,

id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:

in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri... fugam frustra tentabat;

at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,

Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:

Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

agri qui diu aquam tenent,

Pall. Apr. 2, 4:

classem ibi tenebat,

Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one ' s course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,

cursum,

Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:

quo iter,

Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:

(lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,

Lucr. 5, 714:

tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,

Liv. 29, 32, 6.—

With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:

montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,

Liv. 1, 37, 4:

regionem,

id. 30, 25, 11:

Tenum,

id. 36, 21, 1:

terram,

id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;

26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,

Ov. F. 1, 498:

portus,

id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:

cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,

id. H. 2, 9.—

With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:

naves, quae vento tenebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22:

quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:

si id te non tenet, advola,

id. Fam. 16, 19:

septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,

id. ib. 16, 7 init.:

Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,

Liv. 24, 20, 7:

non tenebo te pluribus,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:

ne diutius teneam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.

ventrem,

id. 4, 19 med.:

tene linguam,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

pecus omne tenendum,

Verg. G. 2, 371:

vix a te videor posse tenere manus,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,

manus,

id. M. 13, 203; cf.:

manum stomachumque teneto,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:

saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,

id. C. 1, 18, 13:

et Phoebi tenuere viam,

i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:

quo me decet usque teneri?

Verg. A. 5, 384:

lacrimas,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,

Liv. 6, 14, 1. —

Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:

Sabinus castris sese tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:

nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,

id. 3, 26, 3:

Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,

id. 23, 26, 2:

se domi a conventu remotum tenere,

Nep. Dion, 9, 1:

ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.

mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,

id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:

se intra silentium tenuit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:

multum me intra silentium tenui,

id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—

Trop.

In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:

percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:

tenes, quid dicam?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:

teneo,

I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:

teneo quid erret,

id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:

quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus... Lyciis tenentur,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:

quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

alicujus reconditos sensus,

id. Sest. 10, 22:

quo pacto cuncta tenerem,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:

et teneo melius ista,

Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:

nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—

In partic.

To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:

cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—

To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):

sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

ordinem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 35:

portum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

statum,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

si jus suum populi teneant,

id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

morem,

id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:

foedus,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

silentium,

Liv. 1, 28, 8.—

To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:

illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,

hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:

illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:

quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

propositum tenere,

to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:

suas leges,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:

causam apud centumviros,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

locum quendam cum aliquo,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:

plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,

Liv. 4, 30, 16:

ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,

id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:

tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,

Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,

Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—

Of memory:

alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,

to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:

memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,

you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:

memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:

satin' haec meministi et tenes?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

Verg. E. 9, 45:

dicta tenere,

Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:

quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,

Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—

To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):

per cursum rectum regnum tenere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,

Liv. 4, 3, 12:

teneri res aliter non potest,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

multa tenuisse,

Liv. 42, 11, 8:

causam,

Ov. M. 13, 190.—

To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:

refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

dolorem,

id. Att. 12, 38, 2:

cupiditates,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

somnum,

id. Brut. 80, 278:

risum,

id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:

iram,

Curt. 4, 2, 5:

ea, quae occurrant, tenere,

to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—

Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:

quamquam leges eum non tenent,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:

interdicto non teneri,

id. Caecin. 14, 41:

voto quodam et promisso teneri,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,

Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:

olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,

Liv. 3, 55, 3:

teneri alienis foederibus,

id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

testibus in re perspicuā teneri,

to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

caedis teneri,

Quint. 5, 14, 11:

teneri repetundarum,

Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:

furti,

Dig. 6, 1, 4:

injuriarum,

ib. 47, 10, 11:

mandati,

ib. 17, 1, 10.— Transf.:

nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr. —

Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:

quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,

has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,

id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

magna me spes tenet,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,

id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,

Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,

teneri desiderio,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

studio philosophiae,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

magno amore,

Verg. A. 1, 675:

pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,

to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:

ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,

id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —

To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:

haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:

ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:

dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.

Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).

Lit.

To hold a position anywhere, maintain one ' s self:

quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,

Liv. 32, 5, 12:

duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,

id. 3, 62, 7:

tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,

Verg. A. 2, 505.—

For cursum tenere, to hold or take one ' s way, to sail, steer in any direction:

Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,

Liv. 1, 1, 4:

Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,

Liv. 31, 45, 14:

ad Mendaeum,

id. 21, 49, 2:

Diam,

Ov. M. 3, 690:

Creten,

id. ib. 13, 706:

Hesperiam,

id. F. 1, 498:

Ausoniam,

id. ib. 4, 290 al.:

medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene,

Ov. M. 2, 140.—

Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):

imber per noctem totam tenuit,

Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:

incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,

id. 24, 47, 15:

per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,

id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:

tenet fama, lupam, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 6:

quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,

id. 1, 17, 6:

fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,

id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:

tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,

Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,

consuetudo, ut, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 2:

nomen illud tenet,

id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.

cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.

Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.

Lit.

In gen.:

mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

Cic. Univ. 5:

omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

id. ib. 4:

neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

Lucr. 6, 1010:

solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

Quint. 8, 3, 68;

so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 4;

and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

id. 3, 11, 5;

of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—

Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—

Trop.

Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

Quint. 8, 3, 75:

est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—

Of things.

In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

Curt. 5, 1, 2.—

In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

male cohaerens cogitatio,

Quint. 10, 6, 6:

sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—

Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—

To cling closely to something else, to adhere, be connected with, cleave to, be in contact with, etc.

Lit.

With dat.:

temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

id. M. 4, 553:

fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

Dig. 47, 2, 63:

superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

Curt. 4, 4, 11:

experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—

With cum and abl.:

quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

Cic. Top. 12, 53.—

With in and abl.:

cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—

Absol.:

jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

Quint. 4, 2, 89:

ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

Curt. 6, 3, 8:

potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

Vell. 2, 47, 2.—

To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,

cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

aptius et cohaerentius,

Gell. 1, 1, 6.—

cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

dimicatum est,

Flor. 2, 17, 5.—

cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

Gell. 15, 16, 4.

cŏ-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cling together, to be united, either of that whose parts cling together, to cohere, or of that which cleaves to something else, to adhere.

Of a whole as composed of parts, or of the parts of a whole, to cling together, be united, to cohere, press or crowd together.

Lit.

In gen.:

mundus ita apte cohaeret, ut dissolvi nullo modo queat, nisi ab eodem a quo est colligatus,

Cic. Univ. 5:

omnia autem duo ad cohaerendum tertium aliquid anquirunt et quasi nodum vinculumque desiderant,

id. ib. 4:

neque enim materiam ipsam cohaerere potuisse, si nullā vi contineretur,

id. Ac. 1, 6, 24:

omni naturā cohaerente et continuatā,

id. ib. 1, 7, 28:

nec res ulla magis primoribus ex elementis Indupedita suis arte conexa cohaeret Quam validi ferri natura,

Lucr. 6, 1010:

solidā primordia... Quae minimis stipata cohaerent partibus arte,

id. 1, 610; 2, 67:

inter se juga velut serie cohaerentia,

continuous, Curt. 7, 3, 21.—Of persons in a throng, etc.:

alii extremo complexu suorum cohaerentes,

Quint. 8, 3, 68;

so of soldiers in line of battle: conferti et quasi cohaerentes tela vibrare non poterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 4;

and of two contending armies: duae quippe acies ita cohaerebant, ut armis arma pulsarent,

id. 3, 11, 5;

of ships: binas quadriremes Macedones inter se ita junxerant, ut prorae cohaererent,

id. 4, 3, 14: conexis et cohaerentibus aedificiis, * Tac. G. 16.—

Pregn., to consist in or of, be composed of; with abl. (rare):

cum alia quibus cohaererent homines e mortali genere sumpserint, quae fragilia essent et caduca, animum esse ingeneratum a deo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: mundus omnibus partibus inter se congruentibus cohaeret et nititur, etc., Cic. Leg. ap. Lact. 5, 8, 10.—

Trop.

Of persons united by kindred, friendship, etc., to be near, close, united:

turpes ac perniciosos, etiamsi nobis sanguine cohaereant, amputandos,

Quint. 8, 3, 75:

est enim mihi perjucundum quod viri optimi mihique amicissimi adeo cohaesistis ut invicem vos obligari putetis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 7, 1.—

Of things.

In discourse, to belong together, be closely connected:

quae... si suis quaeque temporibus reddere voluero, interrumpendae sunt res Asiae, quas... sicut inter se cohaerent, ita opere ipso conjungi aptius videri potest,

Curt. 5, 1, 2.—

In thought, to be consistent, agree together:

em, Paululum obsoni, ipsus tristis, de inproviso nuptiae—Non cohaerent,

i.e. cannot all be here at once, Ter. And. 2, 2, 24:

tam eras excors, ut... non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres, sed maxime dijuncta atque contraria,

Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18:

dubitandum non est quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos qui primum haec naturā cohaerentia opinione distraxissent,

id. Off. 3, 3, 11:

non quaero jam, verumne sit: illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere,

id. Fin. 5, 27, 79:

animadvertisti, quam multa dicta sint, quamque, etiam si minus vera, tamen apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

male cohaerens cogitatio,

Quint. 10, 6, 6:

sensus inter se juncti, atque ita cohaerentes, ne, etc.,

id. 7, 10, 16; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 63:

sermo hercule familiaris et cottidianus non cohaerebit, si verba inter nos aucupamur,

have a consistent meaning, be intelligible, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

vix diserti adulescentis cohaerebat oratio,

id. Cael. 7, 15; and of harmony in the arrangement of words: conlocabuntur igitur verba, ut aut inter se aptissime cohaereant extrema cum primis eaque sint quam suavissimis vocibus, etc., id. Or. 44, 149:

haec collocatio verborum... quae junctam orationem efficit, quae cohaerentem, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 43, 172; Quint. 9, 4, 66.—

Pregn., to hold together, i.e. remain, exist, maintain itself:

omnibus modis fulciendi sunt, qui ruunt nec cohaerere possunt propter magnitudinem aegritudinis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61:

virtutes sine vitā beatā cohaerere non possunt, nec sine virtute vita beata,

id. ib. 5, 28, 80:

vix haec, si undique fulciamus, jam labefacta... nixa in omnium nostrum umeris cohaerebunt,

id. Har. Resp. 27, 60.—

To cling closely to something else, to adhere, be connected with, cleave to, be in contact with, etc.

Lit.

With dat.:

temptanti dextera flxa est Cuspide Marmaridae Corythi, lignoque cohaesit,

Ov. M. 5, 125; 11, 76:

nec equo mea membra cohaerent,

id. Am. 1, 4, 9:

scopuloque affixa cohaesit,

id. M. 4, 553:

fructus quamdiu solo cohaerent,

Dig. 47, 2, 63:

superficies... quae natura solo cohaeret,

ib. 44, 7, 44, § 1 fin.:

quippe turris... muris hostium propemodum cohaerebat,

Curt. 4, 4, 11:

experimentum marmorati est in subigendo donec rutro non cohaereat,

Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

qui cohaerent Mesopotamiae Rhoali vocantur,

adjoin, id. 5, 24, 21, § 87.—

With cum and abl.:

quidquid enim sequitur quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario,

Cic. Top. 12, 53.—

With in and abl.:

cohaerentis videmus in conchis (margaritas), etc.,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—

Absol.:

jamque ea (navis) quae non cohaerebat,

i.e. which did not collide, Curt. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop., to be closely connected with, in agreement or harmony with something else, to be consistent with:

quod illa, quae prima dicuntur, si vehementer velis congruere et cohaerere cum causā, ex eis ducas oportet, quae post dicenda sunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19:

si continget, etiam (id quod fingemus) verae alicui rei cohaereat,

Quint. 4, 2, 89:

ut non tamquam citharoedi prooemium adfictum aliquid, sed cohaerens cum omni corpore membrum videatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

creditis tot gentes... non sacris, non moribus, non commercio linguae nobiscum cohaerentes, eodem proelio domitas esse, etc.,

Curt. 6, 3, 8:

potentia male cohaerens inter Pompeium et Caesarem,

Vell. 2, 47, 2.—

To be vitally connected with, to depend upon a thing; with abl.:

sed ita legibus Sullae cohaerere statum civitatis adfirmat, ut iis solutis stare ipsa non possit,

Quint. 11, 1, 85.—Hence,

cŏhae-rens, entis, P. a. (cohering, i.e.), being in accord, corresponding:

aptius et cohaerentius,

Gell. 1, 1, 6.—

cŏhaerenter, adv., continuously, uninterruptedly:

dimicatum est,

Flor. 2, 17, 5.—

cŏhaesus, a, um. P. a., pressed together:

quercus stricta denuo et cohaesa,

Gell. 15, 16, 4.

red-undo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n.; of water, from being over full, to run back or over, to pour over, stream over, overflow (freq. and class.; a favorite word of Cic., esp. in trop. senses; not in Cæs., Verg., or Hor.; cf.: refluo, recurro).

Lit.:

mare neque redundat unquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116:

si lacus Albanus redundasset,

id. Div. 2, 32, 69; so,

lacus,

id. ib. 1, 44, 100; cf. Suet. Claud. 32: redundantibus cloacis, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7 (id. H. 3, 26 Dietsch):

Nilus campis redundat,

Lucr. 6, 712; so,

fons campis,

id. 5, 603; and:

aqua gutture pleno,

Ov. R. Am. 536:

cum pituita redundat aut bilis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 10, 23; cf.:

locos pituitosos et quasi redundantes,

id. Fat. 4, 7:

sanguis in ora et oculos redundat,

Flor. 3, 17, 8. —

Poet., in part. pass.:

redundatus = redundans: amne redundatis fossa madebat aquis,

Ov. F. 6, 402; and for undans: (Boreae vis saeva) redundatas flumine cogit aquas, the swelling, surging waters (opp. aequato siccis aquilonibus Istro), id. Tr. 3, 10, 52.—

Transf.: redundare aliquā re, or absol., to be over full of, to overflow with any thing.

Of things:

quae (crux) etiam nunc civis Romani sanguine redundat,

is soaked with, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf.:

sanguine hostium Africa,

id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 30; and id. Cat. 3, 10, 24:

largus manat cruor: ora redundant Et patulae nares,

Luc. 9, 812.—

Of persons:

hesternā cenā redundantes,

Plin. Pan. 63, 3. —

Trop., to flow forth in excess, superabound, redound, to be superfluous, redundant; to flow forth freely, to be copious, to abound:

is (Molo) dedit operam, ut nimis redundantes nos juvenili quādam dicendi impunitate et licentiā reprimeret, et quasi extra ripas diffluentes coërceret,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316:

ne aut non compleas verbis, quod proposueris, aut redundes,

id. Part. Or. 7, 18; cf.:

Stesichorus redundat atque effunditur,

Quint. 10, 1, 62:

Asiatici oratores parum pressi et nimis redundantes,

Cic. Brut. 13, 51; id. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 116; 12, 10, 12; 17:

hoc tempus omne post consulatum objecimus iis fluctibus, qui per nos a communi peste depulsi, in nosmet ipsos redundarunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3:

quod redundabit de vestro frumentario quaestu,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 155:

quorum (vitiorum) ad amicos redundet infamia,

id. Lael. 21, 76: vitia Atheniensium in civitatem nostram, id. Rep. 1, 3, 5:

si ex hoc beneficio nullum in me periculum redundavit,

id. Sull. 9, 27; cf.:

servi, ad quos aliquantum etiam ex cottidianis sumptibus ac luxurie redundet,

id. Cael. 23, 57 fin.:

in genus auctoris miseri fortuna redundat,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 73:

nationes, quae numero hominum ac multitudine ipsa poterant in provincias nostras redundare,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31:

si haec in eum annum redundarint,

id. Mur. 39, 85:

quod laudem adulescentis propinqui existimo etiam ad meum aliquem fructum redundare,

to redound, id. Lig. 3, 8; cf.:

gaudeo tuā gloriā, cujus ad me pars aliqua redundat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 12, 2:

omnium quidem beneficiorum quae merentibus tribuuntur non ad ipsos gaudium magis quam ad similes redundat,

id. Pan. 62, 1; Quint. 12, 2, 19:

nisi operum suorum ad se laudem, manubias ad patriam redundare maluisset,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 13:

ut gloria ejus ad ipsum redundaret,

id. 8, 14, ext. 4;

Auct. B. Alex. 60, 2: animus per se multa desiderat, quae ad officium fructumve corporis non redundant,

Lact. 7, 11, 7:

ex rerum cognitione efflorescat et redundet oportet oratio,

pour forth copiously, abundantly, Cic. de Or. 1, 6, 20:

ex meo tenui vectigali... aliquid etiam redundabit,

something will still remain, id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

non reus ex eā causā redundat Postumus,

does not appear to be guilty, id. Rab. Post. 5, 11:

hinc illae extraordinariae pecuniae redundarunt,

have flowed, proceeded, id. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 43, § 103: ne quid hoc parricidā civium interfecto, invidiae mihi in posteritatem redundaret, should redound to or fall upon me, id. Cat. 1, 12, 29. —

Poet., with acc.:

Vulturnus Raucis talia faucibus redundat,

spouts forth, Stat. S. 4, 3, 71.—

Transf., to be present in excess; to be redundant, superabound; and: redundare aliquā re, to have an excess or redundancy of any thing: redundat aurum ac thesauri patent, Lucil. ap. Non. 384, 17:

in quibus (definitionibus) neque abesse quicquam decet neque redundare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.:

ut neque in Antonio deesset hic ornatus orationis neque in Crasso redundaret,

id. ib. 3, 4, 16; Quint. 1, 4, 9:

ut nulla (species) neque praetermittatur neque redundet,

Cic. Or. 33, 117:

munitus indicibus fuit, quorum hodie copia redundat,

id. Sest. 44, 95:

splendidissimorum hominum multitudine,

id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.:

redundante multitudine,

Tac. H. 2, 93:

quod bonum mihi redundat,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

quo posset urbs et accipere ex mari, quo egeret, et reddere, quo redundaret,

id. Rep. 2, 5, 10:

omnibus vel ornamentis vel praesidiis redundare,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 5:

tuus deus non digito uno redundat, sed capite, collo, cervicibus, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

hominum multitudine,

id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.

armis,

Tac. H. 2, 32:

hi clientelis etiam exterarum nationum redundabant,

id. Or. 36:

acerbissimo luctu redundaret ista victoria,

Cic. Lig. 5, 15:

Curiana defensio tota redundavit hilaritate quādam et joco,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 221.— Hence, rĕdundans, antis, P. a., overflowing, superfluous, excessive, redundant:

amputatio et decussio redundantioris nitoris,

Tert. Cult. Fem. 2, 9.— Adv.: rĕdundanter, redundantly, superfluously, excessively, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.— Comp., Ambros. Ep. 82, 27.

sŭper-sum, fui, esse (old collat. form of the pres. superescit, Enn. and Att. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll.;

per tmesin: jamque adeo super unus eram,

Verg. A. 2, 567:

nihil erat super,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 1), v. n.

To be over and above, either as a remainder or as a superfluity (class. and very freq.; cf. supero, B. 3.).

As a remainder, to be left, to remain, to exist still.

In gen.: dum quidem unus homo Romanus toga superescit, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll. (Ann. v. 486 Vahl.): inde sibi memorat, unum superesse laborem, id. ap. Gell. 1, 22, 16 (Ann. v. 159 ib.):

duae partes, quae mihi supersunt illustrandae orationis, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 91:

ut nulli supersint de inimicis,

id. Marcell. 7, 21: omnes qui supersint de Hirtii exercitu, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

quid superest de corporibus,

Juv. 3, 259; 1, 35:

ex eo proelio circiter milia hominum CXXX. superfuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

perexigua pars illius exercitūs superest,

id. B. C. 3, 87:

quod Morini Menapiique supererant,

id. B. G. 3, 28:

cum hostes vestri tantum civium superfuturum putassent, quantum, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25:

quantum satietati superfuit,

id. Verr. 1, 4, 13; cf.:

quantum ipsi superesse potest,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

biduum supererat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23:

non multum ad solis occasum temporis supererat,

id. B. C. 3, 51:

non multum aestatis superesset,

id. B. G. 5, 22:

fessis tantum superesse maris,

Verg. A. 5, 616:

spatia si plura supersint,

id. ib. 5, 325:

deos Ambraciensibus non superesse,

Liv. 38, 43:

nemo superesse quemquam praeter eos credebat,

id. 5, 39:

quod superest, scribe quaeso quam accuratissime, quid placeat,

as for the rest, as to what remains, Cic. Att. 9, 19, 3; Verg. A. 5, 691:

quod superfuit,

Phaedr. 2, epil. 6:

nunc mihi cur cantent, superest Dicere,

it still remains to tell, Ov. F. 3, 675:

superest tercentum messes videre,

id. M. 14, 145; Lact. 1, 6, 6.—With ut and subj., Plin. Ep. 1, 1, 2; Lact. 1, 23, 1.—

In partic., to live after, outlive, to be still alive, to survive (rare):

sicut tuum vis unicum gnatum tuae Superesse vitae sospitem et superstitem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 2: neque deesse neque superesse rei publicae volo, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

Lucumo superfuit patri,

Liv. 1, 34:

fugae,

id. 28, 28:

ne superesset tanto exercitui suum nomen secuto,

id. 27, 49:

dolori,

Ov. M. 11, 703:

cum superessent adhuc qui spectaverant, etc.,

Suet. Claud. 21.—

To be in abundance, to abound (syn. abundo):

cui tanta erat res et supererat,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 19:

tibi, quia superest, dolet,

id. ib. 1, 3, 10:

vereor ne jam superesse mihi verba putes, quae dixeram defutura,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

adeo supererunt animi ad sustinendam invidiam,

Liv. 2, 27, 12:

tantum illi ingenii superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1.— Poet.: modo vita supersit, if life be long enough, suffice, Verg. G. 3, 10:

ne blando nequeant superesse labori,

i. e. to be sufficient for, equal to, id. ib. 3, 127; so,

Veneri,

Col. 4, 27, 8.—

In a bad sense, to be in excess, to be superabundant or superfluous:

ut vis ejus rei, quam definias, sic exprimatur, ut neque absit quicquam neque supersit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 108; cf. Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 22, 5 and 6.—

For adesse, to be present, to serve by being present, to assist: si superesset (opp. sin deesset), Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 56.—Esp., to serve as an advocate:

falsa atque aliena verbi significatio, quod dicitur, hic illi superest, cum dicendum est, advocatum esse, etc.,

Gell. 1, 22, 1.—

To be over or beyond, to be prominent, project, Val. Fl. 6, 760.

com-mŏror ( conm-), ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. ( act. access. form ‡ commŏro, āre, acc. to Prisc. p. 797 P.).

Prop., to stop somewhere, to tarry, linger, abide, sojourn, remain, stay (class.;

most freq. in Cic. (about thirty times) and in Quint.): Romae,

Cic. Quint. 6, 23; id. Att. 5, 12, 3:

Ephesi,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 5:

Asturae,

id. ib. 6, 19, 2:

Brundisii,

Suet. Aug. 17:

ibidem,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

hic,

Quint. 4, 2, 22:

ad Helorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95 (ad Cybistra, id. Fam. 15, 4, 6; B. and K. moratus): circum istaec loca, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 1:

apud aliquem,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

apud Alyziam,

id. Fam. 16, 3, 1:

in tam miserā vitā,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6.— Absol.:

Milo paulisper, dum se uxor comparat, commoratus est,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28:

commorandi natura devorsorium nobis, non habitandi locum dedit,

id. Sen. 23, 84:

quaesivit... an tardare ac commorari te melius esset,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 1:

paulisper consistere et commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; Suet. Tib. 11.—Of things:

commorantes menses trahere,

bring in, Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147.—

Trop. (mostly with in or absol.; only once [p. 383] with cum):

consilium diutius in armis civilibus commorandi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 1; Quint. 8, 3, 46:

cum singulis paene syllabis,

id. 8, prooem. §

31: in componendā togā,

id. 11, 3, 156.—Of discourse:

ut haereat in eādem commoreturque sententiā,

to dwell upon, Cic. Or. 40, 137 (quoted by Quint. 9, 1, 41); cf. id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

fortasse supervacaneum fuerit hic commorari,

Quint. 4, 2, 22. — Absol.:

ipsa mihi veritas manum injecit et paulisper consistere et commorari cogit,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48.—

Act., to stop, detain, retard one (ante- and post-class.).—

Prop.: an te auspicium conmoratum est?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 58:

me nunc conmoror, has foris quom non ferio,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

cantharum,

id. Men. 1, 2, 64; Sen. Contr. 2, 14, 10; Isid. Orig. 11, 3, 31.

com-mŏror ( conm-), ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. ( act. access. form ‡ commŏro, āre, acc. to Prisc. p. 797 P.).

Prop., to stop somewhere, to tarry, linger, abide, sojourn, remain, stay (class.;

most freq. in Cic. (about thirty times) and in Quint.): Romae,

Cic. Quint. 6, 23; id. Att. 5, 12, 3:

Ephesi,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 5:

Asturae,

id. ib. 6, 19, 2:

Brundisii,

Suet. Aug. 17:

ibidem,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

hic,

Quint. 4, 2, 22:

ad Helorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95 (ad Cybistra, id. Fam. 15, 4, 6; B. and K. moratus): circum istaec loca, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 1:

apud aliquem,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

apud Alyziam,

id. Fam. 16, 3, 1:

in tam miserā vitā,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6.— Absol.:

Milo paulisper, dum se uxor comparat, commoratus est,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28:

commorandi natura devorsorium nobis, non habitandi locum dedit,

id. Sen. 23, 84:

quaesivit... an tardare ac commorari te melius esset,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 1:

paulisper consistere et commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 16, 48; Suet. Tib. 11.—Of things:

commorantes menses trahere,

bring in, Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147.—

Trop. (mostly with in or absol.; only once [p. 383] with cum):

consilium diutius in armis civilibus commorandi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 1; Quint. 8, 3, 46:

cum singulis paene syllabis,

id. 8, prooem. §

31: in componendā togā,

id. 11, 3, 156.—Of discourse:

ut haereat in eādem commoreturque sententiā,

to dwell upon, Cic. Or. 40, 137 (quoted by Quint. 9, 1, 41); cf. id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

fortasse supervacaneum fuerit hic commorari,

Quint. 4, 2, 22. — Absol.:

ipsa mihi veritas manum injecit et paulisper consistere et commorari cogit,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48.—

Act., to stop, detain, retard one (ante- and post-class.).—

Prop.: an te auspicium conmoratum est?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 58:

me nunc conmoror, has foris quom non ferio,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

cantharum,

id. Men. 1, 2, 64; Sen. Contr. 2, 14, 10; Isid. Orig. 11, 3, 31.

fŏvĕo, fōvi, fōtum, 2, v. a. [Corss. assumes a root bhag-, to be hot; Gr. phôgein, to roast; O. H. Germ. bachan; Germ. backen; Engl. bake; hence, fovere for fog-vēre; favilla for fag-villa; and to this refers: favere, faustus, etc., Ausspr. 1, 142; 2, 1004; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 188, and v. faveo], to warm, keep warm (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.; syn.: calefacio: faveo, studeo, adjuvo, etc.).

Lit.:

nisi sol sua pro parte fovet tribuitque calorem,

Lucr. 1, 807; cf. id. 1, 1033:

ut et pennis (pullos) foveant, ne frigore laedantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129; cf.:

pulli a matribus exclusi fotique,

id. ib. 2, 48, 124:

fetus rigentes apprimendo pectori,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 127:

laridum atque epulas foveri foculis ferventibus,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 67:

quos sancta fovet ille manu, bene vivitis ignes,

i. e. keeps up, Ov. F. 3, 427;

for which, in a different construction: fovet ignibus aras,

id. M. 7, 427:

nomen in marmore lectum Perfudit lacrimis et aperto pectore fovit,

warmed the name with her naked breast, id. ib. 2, 339.—

Transf., to cherish, foster any thing.

Physically. So of diseased parts of the body, to foment (whether with warm or cold remedies):

dumque manet corpus, corpus refoventque foventque,

Ov. M. 8, 536:

nares exulceratas fovere oportet vapore aquae calidae,

Cels. 6, 8:

multa aqua prius calida, post egelida fovendum os caputque,

id. 4, 2, 4:

genua calido aceto,

Col. 6, 12, 4:

nervos cortice et foliis in vino decoctis,

Plin. 24, 9, 37, § 58; 32, 9, 34, § 106:

cutem lacte asinino,

id. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

os quoque multa frigida aqua fovendum est,

Cels. 1, 5; 1, 3 init.:

cutem frigida et ante et postea,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 184:

vulnus lymphă,

Verg. A. 12, 420.— Poet., in gen. (a favorite word with Vergil): interdum gremio fovet inscia Dido (puerum), cherishes, holds in her lap, Verg. A. 1, 718:

germanam sinu,

id. ib. 4, 686:

cunctantem lacertis amplexu molli,

i. e. to embrace, enfold, id. ib. 8, 388:

animas et olentia Medi ora fovent,

id. G. 2, 135:

ipse aeger, anhelans Colla fovet,

i. e. leans against the tree, id. A. 10, 838: castra fovere, to remain in the camp (the figure being that of a bird brooding over its nest), id. ib. 9, 57:

(coluber) fovit humum,

id. G. 3, 420;

and transf. to a period of time: nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere, Regnorum immemores,

sit the winter through, pass the winter, id. A. 4, 193.—

Mentally, to cherish, caress, love, favor, support, assist, encourage:

scribis de Caesaris summo in nos amore. Hunc et tu fovebis et nos quibuscumque poterimus rebus augebimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; cf.:

inimicum meum sic fovebant, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

Vettienum, ut scribis, et Faberium foveo,

id. Att. 15, 13, 3:

et eo puto per Pomponium fovendum tibi esse Hortensium,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8; cf. also Quint. 1, 2, 16:

(duo duces) pugnantes hortabantur et prope certa fovebant spe,

encouraged, animated, Liv. 38, 6, 5:

tribuni plebis in cooptandis collegis patrum voluntatem foverunt,

id. 3, 65, 1; cf.:

res alicujus,

id. 24, 36, 9; 26, 36, 6:

spem potentioris,

id. 40, 5, 5:

rex statuerat utram foveret partem,

id. 42, 29, 11; cf. id. 5, 3, 9:

consilia alicujus,

Tac. H. 1, 46:

spectator populus hos, rursus illos clamore et plausu fovebat,

id. ib. 3, 83:

tu mihi gubernacula rei publicae petas fovendis hominum sensibus et deleniendis animis et adhibendis voluptatibus?

by pampering, Cic. Mur. 35, 74:

partes alicujus,

Tac. H. 1, 8; 1, 14:

adolescentiam alicujus exhortationibus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 1; cf.:

ut propria naturae bona doctrina foverent,

Quint. 2, 8, 3:

ingenia et artes,

Suet. Vesp. 18:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet,

i. e. dwell upon, think over, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1:

vota animo,

Ov. M. 7, 633:

spem,

Mart. 9, 49, 4:

nequiquam eos perditam spem fovere,

Liv. 22, 53, 4; cf. Tac. H. 1, 62; Val. Max. 6 praef. § 9; cf. conversely: ut spes vos foveat, may sustain you, Just. Inst. prooem. 7:

hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, jam tum tenditque fovetque,

cherishes, Verg. A. 1, 18: dum illud tractabam, de quo antea scripsi ad te, quasi fovebam dolores meos (the fig. being taken from the fomenting of diseased parts of the body;

v. above, II. A.),

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

pantomimos fovebat effusius,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 4.

hăbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1 ( gen. plur. of the part. pres. habitantum, Ov. M. 14, 90), v. freq. a. and n. [habeo].

In gen., to have frequently, to be wont to have (anteclass. and very rare): epicrocum, Varr. ap. Non. 318, 25:

comas,

id. ib. 27.—

In partic., to have possession of, to inhabit a place; and more freq. neut., to dwell, abide, reside, live anywhere (the class. signif. of the word; cf.: colo, incolo, commoror).

Lit.

Act.:

centum urbes habitant magnas,

Verg. A. 3, 106:

silvas,

id. E. 6, 2:

hoc nemus, hunc collem (deus),

id. A. 8, 352:

humiles casas,

id. E. 2, 29:

terras,

Ov. H. 1, 66; id. M. 1, 195:

pruinas,

Val. Fl. 2, 177:

locum,

Tac. Agr. 11; cf. Liv. 5, 51, 3. — Pass.:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 28:

arx procul iis, quae habitabantur,

Liv. 24, 3, 2:

applicata colli habitatur colonia Corinthus,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; 5, 7, 7, § 42:

Scythiae confinis est regio habitaturque pluribus vicis,

Curt. 8, 2, 14:

nobis habitabitur orbis Ultimus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 127:

tellus Bistoniis habitata viris,

id. M. 13, 430; cf.:

nec patria est habitata tibi,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 21; Sil. 2, 654:

raris habitata mapalia tectis,

Verg. G. 3, 340; cf.:

(agellus) habitatus quinque focis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

campi olim uberes magnisque urbibus habitati,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

quae sit tellus habitanda (sibi), requirit,

Ov. M. 3, 9; cf.:

cesserunt nitidis habitandae piscibus undae,

id. ib. 1, 74:

habitandaque fana Apris reliquit et rapacibus lupis,

Hor. Epod. 16, 19:

proavis habitatas linquere silvas,

Juv. 15, 152.—

Neutr.:

in illisce habitat aedibus Amphitruo,

Plaut. Am. prol. 97; cf.:

cujus hic in aediculis habitat decem, ut opinor, milibus,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17:

in gurgustio,

id. N. D. 1, 9, 22:

in via,

on the high-road, id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

in Sicilia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95:

in arboribus (aves),

Plin. 18, 35, 87, § 363:

Lilybaei,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 38:

lucis opacis,

Verg. A. 6, 673:

vallibus imis,

id. ib. 3, 110:

casa straminea,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 20; cf.:

sub terra habitare,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

apud aliquem,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 115; cf. id. Brut. 90, 309; id. Cael. 21, 51; id. Clu. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

cum aliquo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 25, §

64: cum illa apud te,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 41.— Absol.:

triginta milibus dixistis eum habitare,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17; cf.:

nunc si quis tanti (i. e. sex milibus) habitet,

Vell. 2, 10, 1:

bene,

to have a good habitation, Nep. Att. 13; so,

dum sic ergo habitat Cetronius,

so splendidly, Juv. 14, 92:

avecta est peregre hinc habitatum,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 37; cf.:

is habitatum huc commigravit,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 77; and:

rus habitatum abii,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 27:

commorandi natura deversorium nobis, non habitandi locum dedit,

Cic. de Sen. 23, 84:

habitandi causa,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 8.—Part. as subst.: hăbĭtantes, ium, the inhabitants: numquam tecta subeamus: super habitantes aliquando procumbunt, Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 14, 90:

oppidum valetudine habitantium infame,

Mel. 1, 16, 1:

ad occasum,

Plin. 2, 70, 82, § 180.— Pass. impers.:

vides, habitari in terra raris et angustis in locis, et in ipsis quasi maculis, ubi habitatur, vastas solitudines interjectas,

Cic. Rep. 6, 19:

habitari ait Xenophanes in luna,

that the moon is inhabited, id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

vicorum, quibus frequenter habitabatur,

Liv. 2, 62, 4.—

Transf., to stay, remain, dwell, or keep in any place; to keep to, dwell upon a thing (a favorite expression with Cicero):

cum iis, qui in foro habitarunt, de dignitate contendas?

Cic. Mur. 9, 21; cf.:

habitare in Rostris,

id. Brut. 89, 305:

in subselliis,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.

also: in oculis,

to be always in public, id. Planc. 27, 66:

illi qui hoc solum colendum ducebant, habitarunt in hac una ratione tractanda,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

in bonis haerebit et habitabit suis,

to dwell upon, id. Or. 15, 49; cf. id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

qui potest igitur habitare in beata vita summi mali metus?

id. Fin. 2, 28, 92:

cum his habitare pernoctareque curis (i. e. studiis)!

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

quorum in vultu habitant oculi mei,

id. Phil. 12, 1, 2:

animus habitat in oculis,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145; cf.:

mens ibi (in corde) habitat,

id. 11, 37, 69, § 182:

qui tibi (Amori) jucundumst, siccis habitare medullis,

Prop. 2, 11 (3, 3), 17:

peregrinatus est hujus animus in nequitia, non habitavit,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 1:

tecum habita,

i. e. retire within thyself, examine thyself, Pers. 4, 52.

hăbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1 ( gen. plur. of the part. pres. habitantum, Ov. M. 14, 90), v. freq. a. and n. [habeo].

In gen., to have frequently, to be wont to have (anteclass. and very rare): epicrocum, Varr. ap. Non. 318, 25:

comas,

id. ib. 27.—

In partic., to have possession of, to inhabit a place; and more freq. neut., to dwell, abide, reside, live anywhere (the class. signif. of the word; cf.: colo, incolo, commoror).

Lit.

Act.:

centum urbes habitant magnas,

Verg. A. 3, 106:

silvas,

id. E. 6, 2:

hoc nemus, hunc collem (deus),

id. A. 8, 352:

humiles casas,

id. E. 2, 29:

terras,

Ov. H. 1, 66; id. M. 1, 195:

pruinas,

Val. Fl. 2, 177:

locum,

Tac. Agr. 11; cf. Liv. 5, 51, 3. — Pass.:

colitur ea pars (urbis) et habitatur frequentissime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 28:

arx procul iis, quae habitabantur,

Liv. 24, 3, 2:

applicata colli habitatur colonia Corinthus,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; 5, 7, 7, § 42:

Scythiae confinis est regio habitaturque pluribus vicis,

Curt. 8, 2, 14:

nobis habitabitur orbis Ultimus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 127:

tellus Bistoniis habitata viris,

id. M. 13, 430; cf.:

nec patria est habitata tibi,

id. Tr. 5, 3, 21; Sil. 2, 654:

raris habitata mapalia tectis,

Verg. G. 3, 340; cf.:

(agellus) habitatus quinque focis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

campi olim uberes magnisque urbibus habitati,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

quae sit tellus habitanda (sibi), requirit,

Ov. M. 3, 9; cf.:

cesserunt nitidis habitandae piscibus undae,

id. ib. 1, 74:

habitandaque fana Apris reliquit et rapacibus lupis,

Hor. Epod. 16, 19:

proavis habitatas linquere silvas,

Juv. 15, 152.—

Neutr.:

in illisce habitat aedibus Amphitruo,

Plaut. Am. prol. 97; cf.:

cujus hic in aediculis habitat decem, ut opinor, milibus,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17:

in gurgustio,

id. N. D. 1, 9, 22:

in via,

on the high-road, id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

in Sicilia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95:

in arboribus (aves),

Plin. 18, 35, 87, § 363:

Lilybaei,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 38:

lucis opacis,

Verg. A. 6, 673:

vallibus imis,

id. ib. 3, 110:

casa straminea,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 20; cf.:

sub terra habitare,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

apud aliquem,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 115; cf. id. Brut. 90, 309; id. Cael. 21, 51; id. Clu. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

cum aliquo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 25, §

64: cum illa apud te,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 41.— Absol.:

triginta milibus dixistis eum habitare,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17; cf.:

nunc si quis tanti (i. e. sex milibus) habitet,

Vell. 2, 10, 1:

bene,

to have a good habitation, Nep. Att. 13; so,

dum sic ergo habitat Cetronius,

so splendidly, Juv. 14, 92:

avecta est peregre hinc habitatum,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 37; cf.:

is habitatum huc commigravit,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 77; and:

rus habitatum abii,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 27:

commorandi natura deversorium nobis, non habitandi locum dedit,

Cic. de Sen. 23, 84:

habitandi causa,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 8.—Part. as subst.: hăbĭtantes, ium, the inhabitants: numquam tecta subeamus: super habitantes aliquando procumbunt, Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 14, 90:

oppidum valetudine habitantium infame,

Mel. 1, 16, 1:

ad occasum,

Plin. 2, 70, 82, § 180.— Pass. impers.:

vides, habitari in terra raris et angustis in locis, et in ipsis quasi maculis, ubi habitatur, vastas solitudines interjectas,

Cic. Rep. 6, 19:

habitari ait Xenophanes in luna,

that the moon is inhabited, id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

vicorum, quibus frequenter habitabatur,

Liv. 2, 62, 4.—

Transf., to stay, remain, dwell, or keep in any place; to keep to, dwell upon a thing (a favorite expression with Cicero):

cum iis, qui in foro habitarunt, de dignitate contendas?

Cic. Mur. 9, 21; cf.:

habitare in Rostris,

id. Brut. 89, 305:

in subselliis,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.

also: in oculis,

to be always in public, id. Planc. 27, 66:

illi qui hoc solum colendum ducebant, habitarunt in hac una ratione tractanda,

id. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

in bonis haerebit et habitabit suis,

to dwell upon, id. Or. 15, 49; cf. id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

qui potest igitur habitare in beata vita summi mali metus?

id. Fin. 2, 28, 92:

cum his habitare pernoctareque curis (i. e. studiis)!

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

quorum in vultu habitant oculi mei,

id. Phil. 12, 1, 2:

animus habitat in oculis,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145; cf.:

mens ibi (in corde) habitat,

id. 11, 37, 69, § 182:

qui tibi (Amori) jucundumst, siccis habitare medullis,

Prop. 2, 11 (3, 3), 17:

peregrinatus est hujus animus in nequitia, non habitavit,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 1:

tecum habita,

i. e. retire within thyself, examine thyself, Pers. 4, 52.

pūblĭcus (in inscrr. also POBLICVS and POPLICVS), a, um, adj. [contr. from populicus, from populus], of or belonging to the people, State, or community; that is done for the sake or at the expense of the State; public, common.

Lit.: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patriā procul, the business of the State, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 Vahl.):

publica magnificentia (opp. privata luxuria),

Cic. Mur. 36, 76:

sacrificia publica ac privata,

Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

injuriae,

done to the State, id. ib. 1, 12:

litterae testimonium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 31, § 74:

memoria publica recensionis tabulis publicis impressa,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

pecunia,

id. Agr. 2, 30, 82:

publicum funus,

at the public expense, Plin. Ep. 2, 1 init.:

defunctum senatus publico funere honoravit,

Suet. Vit. 3:

causa,

an affair of State, Liv. 2, 56;

also,

a criminal process, Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

in causis judiciisque publicis,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1:

largitiones,

Sall. C. 37, 7: res publica, the commonwealth, the State; v. publicus ludus, Hor. C. 4, 2, 42:

in publica commoda peccare,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 3:

incisa notis marmora publicis,

id. C. 4, 8, 13.—

Subst.

pūblĭcūs, i, m.

A public officer, public functionary, magistrate:

si quis aut privatus aut publicus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 12: metuit publicos, the police, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6.—

A public slave or servant, an attendant upon a college of augurs, etc., Inscr. Orell. 24, 68 sq.; 2470; 2853 al.—

publĭcum, i, n.

Possessions of the State, public territory, communal property:

publicum Campanum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 30, 82.—

The public purse, the public coffers or treasury, public income, revenue, etc.: solitus non modo in publico ( in public, openly; v. under II. b.), sed etiam de publico convivari, at public cost, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 105:

bona alicujus vendere et in publicum redigere,

into the public treasury, for public use, Liv. 4, 15 fin.:

in publicum emere,

id. 39, 44; 26, 27:

mille et ducenta talenta praedae in publicum retulit,

Nep. Timoth. 1, 2:

publicis male redemptis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 33:

conducere publica,

to farm the public revenues, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 77:

habere publicum,

to be a farmer of the public revenues, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 41:

frui publico,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 12; Dig. 39, 4, 1, § 1:

publicum quadragesimae in Asiā egit,

Suet. Vesp. 1:

publicum agitare,

Sen. Ep. 119, 5:

pessimo publico facere,

to the injury of the State, Liv. 2, 1, 1.—

Transf.: qui hoc salutationum publicum exercet, who receives pay (like a porter) for admitting to an audience, Sen. Const. 14, 4. —

The archives of the State, public records:

ut scriptum in publico in litteris exstat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 10.—

The commonwealth, State, community, city:

consulere in publicum,

to deliberate for the public weal, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21.—

Transf., common, general, public (as adj. rare, and mostly poet.):

publica lex hominum,

Pers. 5, 98:

juvenum Publica cura,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 7:

usus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 92:

favor,

the favor of all, Ov. P. 4, 14, 56:

lux publica mundi,

the sun, id. M. 2, 35:

verba,

common, usual, id. Am. 3, 7, 12; id. A. A. 1, 144; Sen. Ep. 3, 1; 59, 1:

moneta,

current, Vulg. Gen. 23, 16.— Hence,

Substt. *

publica, ae, f., a public woman, Sen. Ep. 88, 37.—

pu-blicum, i, n., a public place, publicity (freq. and class.):

NEVE IN POPLICOD NEVE IN PREIVATOD, S. C. de Bacchan.: IN. POPLICO, Tab. Bantin. lin. 3: in publico esse non audet, includit se domi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

summa in publico copia,

id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

epistulam in publico proponere,

publicly, id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

prodire in publicum,

to go out in public, id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 80:

egredi,

Tac. H. 4, 49:

carere publico,

not to go out in public, to remain at home, Cic. Mil. 7, 18:

abstinere publico,

Tac. A. 3, 3; Suet. Claud. 36:

lectica per publicum vehi,

id. Ner. 9:

oratio, quam nuper in publicum dedi,

published, Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 2.—

General, in a bad sense, i. e. common, ordinary, bad (very rare):

structura carminis,

Ov. P. 4, 13, 4:

vatem, cui non sit publica vena,

Juv. 7, 53:

sermo non publici saporis,

Petr. 3.—Hence, adv.: pu-blĭcē ( poplice).

On account, at the cost, in behalf, or in charge of the State:

haud scio mali quid ortum ex hoc sit publice,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89:

AES. ARGENTVM. AVRVMVE. PVPLICE. SIGNANTO,

to provide with the public stamp, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6: VT BONA EIVS POPLICE POSSIDEANTVR FACITO, for the State, in charge of the State, Tab. Bantin. lin. 9:

sunt illustriora, quae publice fiunt,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21:

disciplina puerilis publice exposita,

on the part of the State, by the State, id. ib. 4, 3, 3:

publice interfici,

by order of the State, id. Brut. 62, 224:

legationis princeps publice dixit,

in the name of the State, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 105:

publice maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime a suis finibus vacare agros,

in a national point of view, Caes. B. G. 4, 3:

frumentum, quod Aedui essent publice polliciti,

for the State, in the name of the State, id. ib. 1, 16:

gratiam atque amicitiam publice privatimque petere,

on behalf of the public, and as individuals, id. ib. 5, 55 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 16:

ea privatim et publice rapere,

Sall. C. 11, 6:

potius publice quam privatim amicitiam populi Ron ani colere,

id. J. 8, 2; id. C. 49, 3:

Minucius eandem publice curationem agens, quam Maelius privatim agendam susceperat,

Liv. 4, 13:

neque publice neque privatim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 16:

ut filiae ejus publice alerentur,

at the public expense, Nep. Arist. 3, 3: in urbe, celeberrimo loco elatus publice, id. Dion, 10, 3; cf. Liv. 5, 55; Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 11.—

Generally, all together, universally:

exulatum publice ire,

Liv. 5, 53 fin.; Dig. 39, 2, 24:

Labeo consulentibus de jure publice responsitavit,

all without exception, Gell. 13, 10, 1.—

Before the people, openly, publicly, = palam (only post-class.):

publice disserere,

Gell. 17, 21, 1:

virtutem Claudii publice praedicare,

Treb. Pol. Claud. 17:

rumor publice crebuerat,

App. M. 10, p. 247, 16; id. Mag. p. 276, 35; id. M. 2, p. 118, 10.

prō-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n., to go forth or before, to go forwards, advance, proceed (class.; cf.: progredior, prodeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

procedere ad forum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 2:

illuc procede,

id. Capt. 5, 2, 1:

a portu,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 1: ante agmen, Hirt. B. G. 8, 27, 4:

nil cum procede re lintrem Sentimus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 20:

pedibus aequis,

Ov. P. 4, 5, 3:

passu tacito,

Val. Fl. 5, 351.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to go or march forwards, to advance, Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

lente atque paulatim proceditur,

id. ib. 1, 80; id. B. G. 6, 25:

agmen procedit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37; Curt. 7, 3, 19:

processum in aciem est,

Liv. 25, 21:

ipsi jam pridem avidi certaminis procedunt,

id. 3, 62, 6.—Cf. of ships, Caes. B. G. 7, 61; Verg. A. 4, 587.—

Of processions, to go on, set forward, move on, advance, etc.:

funus interim Procedit: sequimur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 101; Hor. C. 4, 2, 49:

tacito procedens agmine,

Sil. 7, 91:

vidisti Latios consul procedere fasces,

id. 6, 443.—

Transf.

To go or come forth or out, to advance, issue:

foribus foras procedere,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 12:

castris,

Verg. A. 12, 169:

extra munitiones,

Caes. B. G 5, 43:

in medium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94:

e tabernaculo in solem,

id. Brut. 9, 37:

in pedes procedere nascentem, contra naturam est,

to be born feet first, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

mediā procedit ab aulā,

Ov. M. 14, 46.—

In gen., to show one's self, to appear:

cum veste purpureā procedere,

Cic. Div. 1, 52, 119:

obviam alicui procedere,

to go towards, go to meet, id. Sest. 13, 68; cf.:

Jugurthae obvius procedit,

Sall. J. 21, 1:

obviam,

id. ib. 53, 5:

procedat vel Numa,

Juv. 3, 138.—

In partic., to issue from the mouth, to be uttered:

sed interdum voces procedebant contumaces et inconsultae,

Tac. A. 4, 60 init.; Vulg. 1 Cor. 14, 36.—

Of stars, etc., to rise, come into view:

Ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum,

Verg. E. 9, 47:

vesper,

id. ib. 6, 86.—

Of the moon, to wax, increase, Pall. 7, 3.—

Of plants, to put forth, spring forth, grow (ante-class. and in post-Aug. prose):

antequam radices longius procedere possint,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 5:

plerumque germen de cicatrice procedit,

Col. 4, 22, 4:

gemma sine dubio processura,

Pall. 7, 5, 3; 8, 3, 1 et saep.—

Of place, to project, extend:

ita ut in pedes binos fossa procedat,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159:

Lydia super Ioniam procedit,

id. 5, 29, 30, § 110:

promuntorium, quod contra Peloponnesum procedit,

id. 4, 2, 3, § 6; Cels. 8, 1.—

Trop.

Of time, to advance, pass, elapse (class.):

ubi plerumque noctis processit,

Sall. J. 21, 2; Nep. Pel. 3, 3:

jamque dies alterque dies processit,

Verg. A. 3, 356:

dies procedens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 22, 53:

procedente tempore,

in process of time, Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 17:

si aetate processerit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 50:

tempus processit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

procedente die,

Liv. 28, 15; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8:

procedunt tempora tarde,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 5:

incipient magni procedere menses,

Verg. E. 4, 12:

pars major anni jam processerat,

Liv. 3, 37.—

To come or go forth, to appear, to present or show one's self ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nunc volo subducto gravior procedere voltu,

i. e. to conduct myself more gravely, to undertake more serious matters, Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 9:

quis postea ad summam Thucydidis, quis Hyperidis ad famam processit?

Petr. 2.—

In partic., to go or get on, to advance, make progress (class.; cf.

proficio): dicendi laude multum,

Cic. Brut. 36, 137:

in philosophiā,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 6:

honoribus longius,

id. Brut. 48, 180; cf. id. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

ad virtutis aditum,

id. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

ambitio et procedendi libido,

a passion for getting on, for rising in the world, Plin. Ep 8, 6, 3:

longius iras,

Verg. A. 5, 461:

perspicuum est, quo compositiones unguentorum processerint,

to what extent, how far, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

eo vecordiae processit, ut,

went so far in folly, Sall. J. 5, 2:

Adherbal, ubi intellegit eo processum,

id. ib. 21, 1; so,

processit in id furoris,

Vell. 2, 80, 2:

eoque ira processit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 9, 26, 2:

ex infimā fortunā in ordinem senatorium, et ad summos honores,

Suet. Rhet. 1, 10.—

To run on, continue, remain:

et cum stationes procederent, prope obruentibus infirmum corpus armis,

i. e. guard duty returned so frequently as to seem continuous, Liv. 5, 48, 7:

ut iis stipendia procederent,

id. 25, 5, 8; 27, 11, 14; cf.

aera,

id. 5, 7, 12.—

To go on, continue, follow; esp. of speech, etc.:

ad dissuadendum,

Liv. 30, 35; cf. Plaut. Am. prol. 117: non imitor lakônismon tuum:

altera jam pagella procedit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 25, 2.—

To [p. 1451] turn out, result, succeed, prosper (class.):

parum procedere,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 48; Liv. 1, 57; 38, 7:

nonnumquam summis oratoribus non satis ex sententiā eventum dicendi procedere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 123:

alicui pulcherrime,

id. Phil. 13, 19, 40:

alicui bene,

id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

omnia prospere procedent,

Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 2.— Impers. (cf. succedo): quibus cum parum procederet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; cf.:

velut processisset Spurio Licinio,

Liv. 2, 44, 1.— Absol., to turn out or succeed well:

mane quod tu occoeperis negotium agere, id totum procedit diem,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 34:

ferme ut quisque quidque occoeperit, sic ei procedunt post principia,

id. ib. 4, 1, 4:

Syre, processisti hodie pulcre,

have succeeded finely, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 22:

si processit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

quod si consilia Andranodoro processissent,

Liv. 24, 26, 5.—

To turn out favorably for, to result in favor of, to benefit, be of use to one:

totidem dies emptori procedent,

Cato, R. R. 148:

benefacta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J. 85, 5; Ov. H. 9, 109.—

To be effectual:

venenum non processerat,

Tac. A. 15, 60:

medicina processit,

Col. 6, 6, 4.—

To go or pass for, to be counted or reckoned as any thing (anteand post-class.):

ut binae (oves) pro singulis procedant,

shall be reckoned as one, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 5; Dig. 5, 3, 32:

quod ita procedit, si ea, cui donabatur, eum interposuit,

ib. 24, 1, 11.—

To happen, take place, occur (ante-class.):

numquid processit ad forum hodie novi?

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 7.—

To come or proceed from, to be derived from (post-class.):

res, quae a sacratissimis imperatoribus procedunt,

Cod. Just. 7, 37, 3.— In part. pass.:

in processā aetate,

advanced, Scrib. Comp. 100.