a+pattern

ex-sĕquor or exĕquor, cūtus, 3, v. dep. a., to follow to the end, to pursue, follow.

In partic., to follow or accompany to the grave (cf. the deriv. exsequiae): funus, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 10, 16, 25: aliquem omni laude et laetitia, Cic. poëta in Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of ekpempein, in Eurip.).

Trop. (class.; most freq. in the special significations).

In gen., to follow, follow after, accompany; to go after, to pursue:

quae exanimata exsequitur aspectum tuum,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 3: quid petam praesidi aut exsequar? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 112 ed. Vahl.):

non igitur dubium, quin aeternitatem maluerit exsequi, etc.,

to follow after, take pattern after, Cic. Univ. 2 fin.:

cur non omnes fatum illius (Pompei) una exsecuti sumus?

followed, pursued, subjected ourselves to, id. Att. 9, 12, 1; cf. id. Phil. 2, 22, 54:

sectam meam exsecutae comites,

joined, Cat. 63, 15:

suam quisque spem, sua consilia, communibus deploratis, exsequentes,

Liv. 5, 40, 5: aerumnam, qs. to pursue, i. e. to undergo, suffer, endure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 1:

egestatem,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 60:

mortem,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 38:

probrum,

id. Truc. 2, 5, 8.—

In partic.

To follow up, prosecute, carry out; to perform, execute, accomplish, fulfil (syn.:

conficio, perficio, perago, consummo, patro, perpetro, absolvo): nullam rem oportet dolose aggrediri, nisi Astute accurateque exsequare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 10; cf.:

est difficile id non exsequi usque ad extremum,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 5:

inceptum hoc itiner perficere exsequar,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72 and 88:

incepta,

Liv. 30, 4, 10:

imperium,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22:

mandata vestra,

Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:

omnia regis officia et munera,

id. de Sen. 10, 34; cf.:

munus officii (with tueri),

id. ib. 20, 72:

munus (with fungi),

id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:

negotia,

id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

obsidiones,

Tac. A. 15, 4:

scelus,

Curt. 8, 6:

sermonem cum aliquo,

to converse, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 5: cum civitas armis jus suum exsequi conaretur, to assert, maintain, * Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 3:

comptam et mitem orationem,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 28.—With a rel.-clause:

quem locum ipse capturus esset, cogitando aut quaerendo exsequebatur,

Liv. 35, 28, 4:

summa omnia cum cura inquirendo exequebatur,

id. 22. 3, 2.—With ut:

mihi Exsequi certa res est, ut abeam Potius hinc ad forum, quam domi cubem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 17.—

To go through with in speaking, to relate, describe, say, tell (freq. since the Aug. period):

quae vix verbis exsequi possum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

quidam exsecuti sunt verbosius,

Quint. 5, 12, 15: si omnia exsequi velim, Liv. 27, 27, 12:

haec omnia copiosius,

Quint. 9, 3, 89:

quae diligentius,

id. 10, 4, 6:

quae divine in Oratore (Tullius),

id. 1, 6, 18:

caelestia dona aërii mellis,

Verg. G. 4, 2; cf.:

laudes brassicae,

Plin. 20, 9, 33, § 78:

numerum subtiliter,

Liv. 3, 5, 13:

sententias,

Tac. A. 3, 65:

vetera facunde,

id. ib. 12, 58:

vera,

id. ib. 11, 21:

imagines et elogia universi generis,

Suet. Galb. 3 et saep.—

To pursue with punishment, to punish, avenge (perh. not ante-Aug.):

omnia scire, non omnia exsequi,

Tac. Agr. 19:

deorum hominumque violata jura,

Liv. 3, 25, 8:

injurias accusationibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 5:

delicta,

Suet. Caes. 67:

doloris exsequendi jus,

Liv. 5, 11, 5:

justum dolorem,

Dig. 29, 5, 33.— Absol.: pater caedetur? defendam: caesus est? exsequar, Sen. de Ira, 1, 12; Dig. 34, 9, 22.—Once with a pers. object:

me L. Tarquinium Superbum cum scelerata coniuge, etc., ferro, igni exsecuturum,

to pursue, Liv. 1, 59, 1 (MSS.; Weissenb. et al. exacturum).—Hence, exsĕ-quens ( exeq-), entis, P. a. (acc. to II.), searching after, studious of:

memoriarum veterum exsequentissimus,

Gell. 10, 12, 9.

► exsequi as pass.: quaerebatur an prioris judicis sententia exsequi possit, could be carried out (cf. II. B. supra), Dig. 2, 1, 19.—Hence, exsĕcūtus ( exec-), a, um, in pass. signif.:

exsecuto regis imperio,

executed, Just. 7, 3, 2.

forma, ae, f. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-āmi, bear; dhar-i-man, figure; Gr. thra- in thrênus, thronos; cf. Lat. frētus, frēnum, fortis, etc.], form, in the most comprehensive sense of the word, contour, figure, shape, appearance (syn.: species, frons, facies, vultus; figura).

Lit.

In gen.: Ha. Earum nutrix, qua sit facie, mihi expedi. Mi. Statura haud magna, corpore aquilo. Ha. Ipsa ea'st. Mi. Specie venusta, ore parvo, atque oculis pernigris. Ha. Formam quidem hercle verbis depinxti mihi, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 154; cf.:

quia semper eorum suppeditabatur facies et forma manebat,

Lucr. 5, 1175:

corporis nostri partes totaque figura et forma et statura, quam apta ad naturam sit, apparet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60:

si omnium animantium formam vincit hominis figura, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 48:

forma ac species liberalis,

id. Cael. 3, 6; cf. id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; 1, 27, 76 sqq.; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129; id. N. D. 1, 10, 26: aspicite, o cives, senis Enni imagini' formam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34 (Epigr. 1 ed. Vahl.):

hoc dico, non ab hominibus formae figuram venisse ad deos... Non ergo illorum humana forma, sed nostra divina dicenda est, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

formaï servare figuram,

Lucr. 4, 69; cf.:

Homeri picturam, non poesin videmus. Quae regio, quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114 (v. Moser ad h. l.):

eximia forma pueri,

id. ib. 5, 21, 61:

virgines formā excellente,

Liv. 1, 9, 11:

formā praestante puellae,

Ov. H. 3, 35:

forma viros neglecta decet,

id. A. A. 1, 509; cf.:

ut excellentem muliebris formae pulchritudinem muta in sese imago contineret,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

illa aetate venerabilis, haec formae pulchrituline,

Curt. 3, 11, 24:

virginem adultam, formā excellentem,

Liv. 3, 44, 4:

virginem maxime formā notam,

id. 4, 9, 4:

una et viginti formae litterarum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 93:

solis,

Lucr. 5, 571:

muralium falcium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 5:

lanceae novae formae,

Suet. Dom. 10:

nova aedificiorum Urbis,

id. Ner. 16:

porticus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5:

forma et situs agri,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 4:

eādem cerā aliae atque aliae formae duci solent,

Quint. 10, 5, 9:

geometricae formae,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

cum sit geometria divisa in numeros atque formas,

Quint. 1, 10, 35; cf.

also: Archimedes intentus formis, quas in pulvere descripserat,

Liv. 25, 31, 9:

dimidia circuli,

Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150:

clarissimorum virorum formae,

figures, images, Cic. Mil. 32, 86:

ille artifex, cum faceret Jovis formam aut Minervae, etc.,

id. Or. 2, 9:

igneae formae,

i. e. fiery bodies, id. N. D. 2, 40, 101:

inque tori formam molles sternentur arenae,

in the shape, form, Ov. Am. 2, 11, 47:

(sacellum) crudis laterculis ad formam camini,

Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 63:

ut haec mulier praeter formam nihil ad similitudinem hominis reservarit,

Cic. Clu. 70, 199.—In poet. circumlocution with gen.: astra tenent caeleste solum formaeque deorum, the forms of gods, for gods, Ov. M. 1, 73:

formae ferarum,

id. ib. 2, 78:

ursi ac formae magnorum luporum,

Verg. A. 7, 18:

formae ingentis leo,

of great size, Just. 15, 4, 17; Tac. A. 4, 72.—

In partic.

Pregn., a fine form, beauty:

di tibi formam, di tibi divitias dederant,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 6; cf.:

et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

id. ib. 1, 6, 37:

movit Ajacem forma captivae Tecmessae,

id. C. 2, 4, 6; Quint. 2, 5, 12:

neque, ut laudanda, quae pecuniam suam pluribus largitur, ita quae formam,

id. 5, 11, 26; 5, 12, 17.—Prov.:

forma bonum fragile est,

Ov. A. A. 2, 113.—

An outline, plan, design (of an architect, etc.):

cum formam videro, quale aedificium futurum sit, scire possum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1: domus erit egregia;

magis enim cerni jam poterat, quam quantum ex forma judicabamus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (2, 6, 2):

qua ludum gladiatorium aedificaturus erat,

Suet. Caes. 31.—

A model after which any thing is made, a pattern, stamp, last (of a shoemaker), etc.:

utendum plane sermone, ut numo, cui publica forma est,

Quint. 1, 6, 3:

denarius formae publicae,

Sen. Ben. 5, 29; cf.: formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt, Tac. G. 5:

formas binarias, ternarias et quaternarias, et denarias etiam resolvi praecepit neque in usu cujusquam versari,

stamped money, coins, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 39; cf. Curt. 5, 2, 11:

si scalpra et formas non sutor (emat),

Hor. S. 2, 3, 106; cf.:

forma calcei,

Dig. 9, 2, 5, § 3.—

A mould which gives form to something:

(caseus) vel manu figuratur vel buxeis formis exprimitur,

Col. 7, 8 fin.:

formae in quibus aera funduntur,

Plin. 36, 22, 49, § 168; hence, a frame, case, enclosure:

opus tectorium propter excellentiam picturae ligneis formis inclusum,

id. 35, 14, 49, § 173:

formas rivorum perforare,

i. e. the conduits, pipes, Front. Aquaed. 75:

aquaeductus,

Dig. 7, 1, 27.—Hence,

Transf., the aqueduct itself, Front. Aquaed. 126.—

A rescript, formulary (post-class., whereas the dimin. formula is predominant in this signif.):

ex eorum (amicorum) sententia formas composuit,

Capitol. Anton. 6; so Cod. Just. 1, 2, 20.—

Item forma appellatur puls miliacea ex melle, Paul. ex Fest. p. 83 Müll.

Trop.

In gen., shape, form, nature, manner, kind:

ad me quasi formam communium temporum et totius rei publicae misisti expressam,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 4; cf.:

formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

innumerabiles quasi formae figuraeque dicendi,

id. Or. 3, 9, 34:

cum, quae forma et quasi naturalis nota cujusque sit, describitur, ut, si quaeratur avari species, seditiosi, gloriosi,

id. de Or. 3, 29, 115; cf.:

quae sit in ea species et forma et notio viri boni,

id. Off. 3, 20, 81:

forma ingenii,

id. Brut. 85, 294:

rei publicae,

id. Fam. 2, 8, 1; cf.:

exemplar formaque rei publicae,

id. Rep. 2, 11:

forma et species et origo tyranni,

id. ib. 2, 29:

forma rerum publicarum,

id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. Rep. 1, 34 fin.:

officii,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

propositi,

Vell. 1, 16:

sollicitudinum,

Tac. A. 4, 60:

formam vitae inire,

id. ib. 1, 74:

secundum vulgarem formam juris,

Dig. 30, 1, 111:

scelerum formae,

Verg. A. 6, 626:

poenae,

id. ib. 615.—

In partic.

In philos. lang., like species, a sort, kind: nolim, ne si Latine quidem dici possit, specierum et speciebus dicere; et saepe his casibus utendum est: at formis et formarum velim... Genus et formam definiunt hoc modo: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens;

forma est notio, cujus differentia ad caput generis et quasi fontem referri potest. Formae igitur sunt hae, in quas genus sine ullius praetermissione dividitur, ut si quis jus in legem, morem, aequitatem dividat, etc.,

Cic. Top. 7, 31; cf.:

genus et species, quam eandem formam Cicero vocat,

Quint. 5, 10, 62: a forma generis, quam interdum, quo planius accipiatur, partem licet nominare, hoc modo, etc.... Genus enim est uxor;

ejus duae formae: una matrumfamilias, altera earum, quae tantummodo uxores habentur,

Cic. Top. 4, 14:

quod haec (partitio) sit totius in partes, illa (divisio) generis in formas,

Quint. 5, 10, 63:

duae formae matrimoniorum,

id. 5, 10, 62.—

In gram.

The grammatical quality, condition of a word:

in quo animadvertito, natura quadruplicem esse formam, ad quam in declinando accommodari debeant verba, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 37 sq.; 101 sq. Müll.; Quint. 10, 1, 10.—

The grammatical form of a word:

utrum in secunda forma verbum temporale habeat in extrema syllaba AS an IS, ad discernendas dissimilitudines interest,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 109 Müll.:

aeditimus ea forma dictum, qua finitimus,

Gell. 12, 10, 1.

formŭla, ae, f. dim. [forma, I. B.], acc. to the different signiff. of forma.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) A fine form, beauty:

formula atque aetatula,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 2.)

A small pattern, mould, last, acc. to which any thing is formed:

calcei,

Amm. 31, 2, 6.—

Transf., any thing made in a mould, a form, of cheese:

solidatae,

Pall. Mai. 9, 2. —

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 3.) A conduit, pipe of an aqueduct, Front. Aquaed. 36.—

(Acc. to forma, I. B. 4.) Jurid. t. t., a form, rule, method, formula for regulating judicial proceedings (the usual meaning; cf.:

norma, regula, praescriptum): ut stipulationum et judiciorum formulas componam?

Cic. Leg. 1, 4 fin.:

in testamentorum formulis, hoc est, in medio jure civili versari,

id. de Or. 1, 39 fin.; cf.

antiquae,

id. Brut. 52, 195:

postulationum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 147:

angustissima sponsionis,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

fiduciae,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

de dolo malo,

id. Off. 3, 14, 60:

illa gloria militaris vestris formulis atque actionibus anteponenda est,

id. Mur. 13, 29 init.:

sunt jura, sunt formulae de omnibus rebus constitutae,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24: a praetore postulat, ut sibi Quinctius judicatum solvi [p. 770] satis det ex formula:

QVOD AB EO PETAT, CVIVS EX EDICTO PRAETORIS BONA DIES XXX. POSSESSA SINT,

id. Quint. 8, 30:

quod in foro atrocitate formularum dijudicatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 37:

vis hanc formulam cognitionis esse, ut, etc.,

the rule of evidence on which the inquiry is conducted, Liv. 40, 12, 20.— On the formulae of actions, constituting a sort of code of procedure, v. Gai. Inst. 4, 30-48; and on the legal forms of the Romans in general, cf. Rein's Röm. Privatr. p. 440 sq.—

Transf.

In gen., for causa, a lawsuit, action, process (post-Aug.):

quid enim aliud agitis, cum eum, quem interrogatis, scientes in fraudem impellitis, quam ut formulā cecidisse videatur,

Sen. Ep. 48 fin.:

formulā cadere,

Quint. 3, 6, 69 (for which, in Cic., causā cadere):

formulā excidere,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Esp.:

for mula letalis,

a death-warrant, Amm. 14, 1, 3.—

Beyond the legal sphere.

In publicists' lang., any form of contract, covenant, agreement, regulation:

Acarnanas restituturum se in antiquam formulam jurisque ac dicionis eorum,

Liv. 26, 24, 6 Drak.:

citaverunt legatos, quaesiveruntque ab iis, ecquid milites ex formula paratos haberent?

id. 27, 10, 2 sq.:

aliquos in sociorum formulam referre,

id. 43, 6, 10:

(oppidum) Paracheloïda, quae sub Athamania esset, nullo iure Thessalorum formulae factam (= inique juris Thessalorum factum),

id. 39, 26, 2.—

In gen., a rule, principle:

ut sine ullo errore dijudicare possimus, si quando cum illo, quod honestum intelligimus, pugnare id videbitur, quod appellamus utile, formula quaedam constituenda est... erit autem haec formula Stoicorum rationi disciplinaeque maxime consentanea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19 sq.:

certa quaedam disciplinae formula,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

formulam exprimere,

id. Or. 11, 36:

cujusque generis nota et formula,

id. ib. 23, 75:

consuetudinis nostrae,

id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20.—

A condition, relation (post-Aug.):

natio redacta in formulam provinciae,

Vell. 2, 28, 1.

Nĕro, ōnis, m. [a Sabine word, = fortis; cf. Nerio = fortitudo; root nar; Sanscr. naras, man; Gr. anêr; cf. ênoreê], a family name in the gens Claudia, whose most famous member was the emperor C. Claudius Nero, Tac. A. lib. 12-16 passim; Suet. Ner. 1 sqq.; Juv. 8, 223; 12, 129 et saep.—

Hence,

Nĕrōnēus, a, um, adj., Neronian:

mensem quoque Aprilem Neroneum appellavit,

Suet. Ner. 55:

unda,

the warm baths of Nero, Stat. S. 1, 5, 6:

certamen,

the games in the Grecian manner instituted by Nero, Suet. Vit. 4; so,

agon,

id. Ner. 12.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Nero, Neronian:

Neronianum dictum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248: piscina, perh. laid out after the pattern of the fish-ponds of Nero, near Baiæ, Cassiod. Var. 2, 39.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, i, m., a Roman surname:

Patrobius Neronianus,

Suet. Galb. 20.—

Nĕrōnĭus, a, um, adj., Neronian, Suet. Ner. 12.

Nĕro, ōnis, m. [a Sabine word, = fortis; cf. Nerio = fortitudo; root nar; Sanscr. naras, man; Gr. anêr; cf. ênoreê], a family name in the gens Claudia, whose most famous member was the emperor C. Claudius Nero, Tac. A. lib. 12-16 passim; Suet. Ner. 1 sqq.; Juv. 8, 223; 12, 129 et saep.—

Hence,

Nĕrōnēus, a, um, adj., Neronian:

mensem quoque Aprilem Neroneum appellavit,

Suet. Ner. 55:

unda,

the warm baths of Nero, Stat. S. 1, 5, 6:

certamen,

the games in the Grecian manner instituted by Nero, Suet. Vit. 4; so,

agon,

id. Ner. 12.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Nero, Neronian:

Neronianum dictum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248: piscina, perh. laid out after the pattern of the fish-ponds of Nero, near Baiæ, Cassiod. Var. 2, 39.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, i, m., a Roman surname:

Patrobius Neronianus,

Suet. Galb. 20.—

Nĕrōnĭus, a, um, adj., Neronian, Suet. Ner. 12.

Nĕro, ōnis, m. [a Sabine word, = fortis; cf. Nerio = fortitudo; root nar; Sanscr. naras, man; Gr. anêr; cf. ênoreê], a family name in the gens Claudia, whose most famous member was the emperor C. Claudius Nero, Tac. A. lib. 12-16 passim; Suet. Ner. 1 sqq.; Juv. 8, 223; 12, 129 et saep.—

Hence,

Nĕrōnēus, a, um, adj., Neronian:

mensem quoque Aprilem Neroneum appellavit,

Suet. Ner. 55:

unda,

the warm baths of Nero, Stat. S. 1, 5, 6:

certamen,

the games in the Grecian manner instituted by Nero, Suet. Vit. 4; so,

agon,

id. Ner. 12.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Nero, Neronian:

Neronianum dictum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248: piscina, perh. laid out after the pattern of the fish-ponds of Nero, near Baiæ, Cassiod. Var. 2, 39.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, i, m., a Roman surname:

Patrobius Neronianus,

Suet. Galb. 20.—

Nĕrōnĭus, a, um, adj., Neronian, Suet. Ner. 12.

Nĕro, ōnis, m. [a Sabine word, = fortis; cf. Nerio = fortitudo; root nar; Sanscr. naras, man; Gr. anêr; cf. ênoreê], a family name in the gens Claudia, whose most famous member was the emperor C. Claudius Nero, Tac. A. lib. 12-16 passim; Suet. Ner. 1 sqq.; Juv. 8, 223; 12, 129 et saep.—

Hence,

Nĕrōnēus, a, um, adj., Neronian:

mensem quoque Aprilem Neroneum appellavit,

Suet. Ner. 55:

unda,

the warm baths of Nero, Stat. S. 1, 5, 6:

certamen,

the games in the Grecian manner instituted by Nero, Suet. Vit. 4; so,

agon,

id. Ner. 12.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Nero, Neronian:

Neronianum dictum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248: piscina, perh. laid out after the pattern of the fish-ponds of Nero, near Baiæ, Cassiod. Var. 2, 39.—

Nĕrōnĭānus, i, m., a Roman surname:

Patrobius Neronianus,

Suet. Galb. 20.—

Nĕrōnĭus, a, um, adj., Neronian, Suet. Ner. 12.

norma, ae, f. [for gnorima (cf. Gr. gnôrimos); root, gno-; cf. gnarus, nosco], a square, employed by carpenters, masons, etc., for making right angles (cf. regula).

Lit.:

anguli ad normam respondentes,

Vitr. 7, 3; 9, 2; Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172.—

Trop., a rule, pattern, precept:

nec sunt haec rhythmicorum aut musicorum acerrima norma dirigenda,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

vitam ad certam rationis normam dirigere,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

numquam ego dicam Fabricium, Curtium, Coruncanium ad istorum (Stoicorum) normam fuisse sapientes,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

hanc normam, hanc regulam, hanc praescriptionem esse naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 46, 140:

natura norma legis est,

id. Leg. 2, 24, 61:

juris,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 178:

loquendi,

Hor. A. P. 72:

norma et regula oratoris,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 8.

per-sĕquor, cūtus and quūtus, 3, v. dep. a. and n. ( act. collat. form of the imperat. persece for perseque, Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.).

Act., to follow perseveringly, to follow after, continue to follow, pursue.

Lit.

In gen.:

ille servolum Jubet illum persequi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 35; 4, 2, 30:

si vis persequi vestigiis,

id. Men. 4, 1, 9:

certum est persequi,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 18:

me in Asiam persequens,

id. And. 5, 4, 32:

(persequens dicit perseverationem sequentis ostendens. Persequitur enim qui non desinit sequi, Don. ad h. l.): aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 91:

exercitum,

id. Phil. 3, 3, 7:

cursim,

Petr. 6:

Hortensium ipsius vestigiis,

Cic. Brut. 90, 307:

quā, aut terrā aut mari, persequar eum, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 22, 2:

vestigia alicujus,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 105; Verg. A. 9, 218:

hanc persecuta mater orare incipit,

Phaedr. 1, 28, 5.—With inf. ( poet.):

atqui non ego te tigris ut aspera... frangere persequor,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 10.—

In partic.

To follow after, press upon, chase, pursue:

fugientes usque ad flumen persequuntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 67:

bello,

id. ib. 1, 14:

deterrere hostes a persequendo,

Sall. J. 50, 6:

feras,

Ov. H. 9, 34:

beluas,

Curt. 8, 14, 26.—

To go through a place in pursuit of any thing, to search through:

omnes solitudines,

Cic. Pis. 22, 53. —

Transf., to follow up, come up with, overtake:

quo ego te ne persequi quidem possem triginta diebus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 3; id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

mors et fugacem persequitur virum,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 14.—

Trop.

In gen., to follow perseveringly, to pursue any thing:

omnes vias persequar,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

viam,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 4:

eas artes,

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72.—

In partic.

With the accessory notion of striving after, to pursue, hunt after, seek to obtain, strive after, = appetere, affectare:

quis est, qui utilia non studiosissime persequatur?

Cic. Off. 3, 28, 101:

ego mihi alios deos penates persequar,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 7: Pl. Tene priusquam hinc abeo savium. Ph. Si quidem mi hercle regnum detur, numquam id potius persequar, id. Curc. 1, 3, 55:

hereditates,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 20:

hereditates aut syngraphas,

Cic. Leg. 3, 8, 18:

cujusquemodi voluptates,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ego meum jus persequar, I will pursue or assert my right, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 9; Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

persequendi juris sui potestas,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

bona tua repetere ac persequi lite atque judicio,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 13, § 32:

possumus rem nostram persequi,

id. Quint. 13, 45 fin.:

cum tribunus plebis poenas a seditioso cive per bonos viros judicio persequi vellet,

sought to obtain, id. Fam. 1, 9, 15.—

With inf., to hasten, be eager (rare):

nec scimus quam in partem ingredi persequamur,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 4.—

To follow, be a follower of; to imitate, copy after a person or thing as a guide or pattern:

si vero Academiam veterem persequamur,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

sectam et instituta alicujus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:

ego neglectā barbarorum inscitiā te persequar,

id. Fam. 9, 3, 2; id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

ut, quae maxime excellant in eo, quem imitabitur, ea diligentissime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 22, 90.—

To pursue, proceed against, prosecute; to revenge, avenge, take vengeance upon a person or thing:

aliquem bello,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

aliquem judicio,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

alicujus injurias ulcisci ac persequi,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; so,

injuriam,

id. Mur. 21, 44; Sall. J. 14, 23; cf. Kritz ad Sall. C. 9, 5:

mortem alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 3, 2:

de persequendis inimicitiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 83 fin.:

Trebonii mortem,

Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; Caes. B. G. 7, 38; Liv. 40, 11 fin.:

adulterium,

Sen. Contr. 3, 20.—

To persecute for religious belief or practice (eccl. Lat.), Tert. ad Scap. 5; Vulg. Johan. 15, 20; id. Act. 7, 52; id. Rom. 12, 14 et saep.—

To follow in writing, to take down, minute down:

celeritate scribendi, quae dicerentur persequi,

Cic. Sull. 14, 42:

multa diserte dixit, quae notarius persequi non potuit,

Sen. Apoc. 9, 2.—

To follow up with action, to follow out, perform, execute, bring about, do, accomplish, etc.:

hoc, ut dico, factis persequar,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 11:

erus quod imperavit persequi,

id. Am. 2, 1, 40:

imperium patris,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 84 sq.:

ex usu quod est, id persequar,

Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10:

mandata,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 14, 3:

si idem extrema persequitur qui inchoavit,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:

vitam inopem et vagam,

to lead, id. Phil. 12, 7, 15.— Absol.:

sed tamen ibo et persequar,

will go and obey, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64. —

In partic., to follow out in speech or writing, to set forth, treat of, relate, recount, describe, explain, etc.:

aliquid voce,

Cic. Planc. 23, 56:

dum rationes Persequor,

set forth, treat of, discuss the reasons, Lucr. 5, 56:

quae versibus persecutus est Ennius,

Cic. Sen. 6, 16:

philosophiam Latinis litteris,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 12:

aliquid scripturā,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 4:

obscenas voluptates,

id. N. D. 1, 40, 111:

res Hannibalis,

id. Div. 1, 24, 49:

has res in eo libro,

id. Off. 2, 24, 87:

quae persequerer, si commemorare possem sine dolore,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 3: da te in sermonem et persece Et confice, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 23, 3.—

Neutr., to follow or come after:

exacta vindemia gramine persecuto,

when the grass has grown again, Pall. 3, 26, 5.

signif. (post-class.):

illa se in mare praecipitavit, ne persequeretur,

Hyg. Fab. 198 dub.—Hence, persĕquens, entis, P. a., used as subst. *

A pursuer, practiser:

flagitii,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 13.—

A revenger, avenger:

inimicitiarum persequentissimus,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29.

rēgŭla, ae, f. [rego], a straight piece of wood, ruler, rule (class.; cf.: norma, libella).

Lit.: atque si id crederemus, non egeremus perpendiculis, non normis, non regulis, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 163, 2; cf.

(with linea): perpendiculum, and norma,

Vitr. 7, 3:

materiam ad regulam et libellam exigere,

Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188; Col. 3, 13, 11 sq.:

hoc cum regulā exploraveris aequale,

Pall. 1, 9, 2.—

Transf.

A straight staff; in gen., a stick, lath, bar (of wood or iron):

quadratas regulas, quattuor patentes digitos, defigunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10; Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; Col. 6, 19, 3; 6, 26, 2; 12, 50, 10; Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5; Cels. 8, 10; Vitr. 5, 10; Stat. Th. 6, 594:

aurea,

an ingot of gold, Vulg. Josue, 7, 21.—

A measuringrod:

in regulā, in pondere,

Vulg. Lev. 19, 35.—

In mechanics.

Plur., the two cheeks on each side of the channel in which the dart of the catapult lay; also called bucculae, Vitr. 10, 12.—

The shank of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3.—

The disks of an oilpress:

quod si regulis olea prematur, et praelum et suculam et regulas dominum parare oportere,

Dig. 19, 2, 19, § 2.—

Trop., a rule, pattern, model, example (cf.:

formula, praescriptio): fontem omnium bonorum in corpore esse: hanc normam, hanc regulam, hanc praescriptionem esse naturae,

Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 140:

regula, ad quam eorum dirigantur orationes, qui, etc.,

id. Opt. Gen. 7 fin.; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

regula, quā vera et falsa judicarentur,

id. Brut. 41, 152:

nos studia nostra nostrae naturae regulā metiamur,

id. Off. 1, 31, 110:

(lex est) juris atque injuriae regula,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 19:

regula totius philosophiae,

id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; cf. id. N. D. 1, 16, 43:

pravissima consuetudinis regula,

id. Brut. 74, 258:

mediocritatis regula,

id. Off. 2, 17, 59:

omnium una regula est,

id. ib. 3, 31, 81:

emendate loquendi regula,

Quint. 1, 5, 1; so,

loquendi,

id. 1, 7, 1:

sermonis,

id. 1, 6, 44:

morum,

Mart. 11, 2, 3 et saep.:

ad legem ac regulam compositum esse,

Quint. 12, 10, 50; cf.:

locuti sunt ad hanc regulam,

id. 9, 4, 4:

habeo regulam, ut talia visa vera judicem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58:

assit Regula, peccatis quae poenas irroget aequas,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 118:

secundam regulam nostram,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 15; cf. id. ib. v. 13, 16; id. Phil. 3, 16.—In plur. (only late Lat.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 142; Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 10; Arn. 1, n. 59:

regulae credendi,

Aug. Doctr. Chr. 4, 9 init.

sĭmŭlācrum, i, n. [simulo], an image formed in the likeness of a thing, a likeness, image, form, representation, semblance (class.; syn.: imago, effigies, signum).

Lit., of images formed by art, reflected in a mirror, or seen in a dream; of apparitions, visions, etc. (the latter mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of images formed by art, esp. of statues of the gods, an image, figure, portrait, effigy, statue, etc.:

alicujus effigiem simulacrumque servare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 159; cf.:

statuas et imagines, non animorum simulacra sed corporum... relinquere,

id. Arch. 12, 30:

Helenae se pingere simulacrum velle dixit (Zeuxis),

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; cf. id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

delubra magnifica humanis consecrata simulacris,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14;

but cf.: simulacrum deae non effigie humanā,

Tac. H. 2, 3:

deorum simulacra sanctissima,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3;

so of the images of the gods,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 185; Caes. B. G. 6, 16; 6, 17; id. B. C. 2, 5; 3, 105; Tac. H. 2, 3; id. A. 12, 22 al.:

tueri aras simulacraque divom,

Lucr. 5, 75; 5, 308:

et bene facta deum frangit simulacra,

id. 6, 419; Verg. A. 2, 172; Ov. M. 10, 694; 15, 658 al.; cf.:

Herculis simulacrum,

Liv. 9, 44 fin.: simulacra oppidorum, Cic. Pis. 25, 60; cf.

pugnarum,

Liv. 41, 28, 10:

Balbum in triumpho omnium gentium urbiumque nomina ac simulacra duxisse,

Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 36; cf.

also: simulacrum celebrati diei pingere,

Liv. 24, 16 fin.:

montium, fluviorum,

Tac. A. 2, 41.— Poet., of the Trojan horse, Verg. A. 2, 232 (for which, effigies, id. ib. 2, 184).—

Adverb.: ad or per simulacrum (like ad similitudinem, formam), in the form of, after the pattern of:

aurata aedes ad simulacrum templi Veneris collocata,

Suet. Caes. 84:

ad simulacrum ignium ardens Pharus,

id. Flor. 4, 2, 88; cf.:

ad simulacrum caelestium siderum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 3:

digiti per litterarum simulacra ducuntur,

Sen. Ep. 94, 51.—

An image, form, shade, phantom seen in a mirror, in a dream, etc.; analogous to the Gr. eidôlon:

quaecunque apparent nobis simulacra,

Lucr. 4, 99; cf.:

per aquas, quae nunc rerum simulacra videmus,

id. 1, 1060:

quid frustra simulacra fugacia (in aquā visa) captas?

Ov. M. 3, 432. —Of the shades or ghosts of the departed:

quaedam simulacra modis pallentia miris,

Lucr. 1, 123 (cf. Verg. G. 1, 477 infra); cf.:

est via declivis (in Tartarum)... umbrae recentes Descendunt illac simulacraque functa sepulcris,

Ov. M. 4, 435; so id. ib. 10, 14:

simulacra cara parentis,

id. ib. 14, 112; cf. Verg. A. 2, 772:

ut bibere in somnis sitiens cum quaerit... laticum simulacra petit, etc.,

Lucr. 4, 1099; cf.:

(canes) Expergefacti secuntur inania saepe Cervorum simulacra,

id. 4, 995:

simulacra inania somni,

Ov. H. 9, 39:

vana (noctis),

id. Am. 1, 6, 9:

simulacra modis pallentia miris Visa sub obscurum noctis,

Verg. G. 1, 477; Sil. 3, 650 al.; cf.:

ne vacua mens audita simulacra et inanes sibi metus fingeret,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7.—

In the philosoph. lang. of Lucret. (like the Gr. eidôlon and the Lat. spectrum), the form or image of an object of sense or thought presented to the mind; a representation, idea, conception, Lucr. 2, 112; 4, 130; 4, 149 sq.—

Of mnemonic signs, types, or emblems:

ut res ipsas rerum effigies notaret atque ut locis pro cerā, simulacris pro litteris uteremur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 354.—

A description, a portraiture of character:

non inseram simulacrum viri copiosi (Catonis), quae dixerit referendo,

Liv. 45, 25.—

A likeness or similitude:

diu disputavi, Hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere: Id repperi jam exemplum, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6.—

In partic., with the predominant idea of mere imitation (opp. to that which is original or real), a shadow, semblance, appearance, etc.:

simulacrum aliquod ac vestigium civitatis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 1; cf.:

simulacra virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 15, 46; and:

haec simulacra sunt auspiciorum, auspicia nullo modo,

id. Div. 2, 33, 71:

libertatis,

Tac. A. 1, 77:

belli simulacra cientes,

i.e. mock-fights, sham-fights, Lucr. 2, 41; 2, 324:

pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis,

Verg. A. 5, 585; 5, 674; Sil. 16, 529; 7, 119; cf.:

simulacrum navalis pugnae,

Liv. 26, 51, 6; 35, 26, 2:

quibusdam pugnae simulacris ad verum discrimen aciemque justam consuescimus,

Quint. 2, 10, 8; so,

ludicrum pugnae,

Liv. 40, 9:

decurrentis exercitūs,

id. 44, 9:

vindemiae,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

civilitatis particulae,

Quint. 2, 15, 25:

inania,

id. 10, 5, 17.

spĕcĭmen, ĭnis, n. [id.], that by which a thing is seen, known, or recognized.

Lit., a mark, token, proof, example, indication, evidence, sign (class.; used only in sing.; cf.:

exemplum, exemplar): nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15:

tum Specimen cernitur, quo eveniat aedificatio,

id. Most. 1, 2, 52:

hoc specimen verum esse videtur, Quam celeri motu rerum simulacra ferantur,

Lucr. 4, 209:

ingenii specimen est quoddam transilire ante pedes posita,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

ingenii, ingenui hominis,

id. Fragm. Pis. 1, 2:

popularis judicii,

id. Brut. 50, 188:

eximium consilii specimen,

Liv. 8, 7, 18:

anticum specimen animorum,

id. 38, 17, 20:

securitatis,

Plin. 7, 55, 56, § 196:

Solis avi,

Verg. A. 12, 164:

tellus Tale dabit specimen,

id. G. 2, 241:

matris Horae,

Val. Fl. 6, 57:

specimen dare alicui in aliquā re,

to furnish proof, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27; cf.:

Romanae fidei specimen gentibus dare,

Liv. 38, 58, 6; 25, 36, 16:

virtutis,

id. 5, 26, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ad specimen virtutis ostendendum,

id. 28, 21, 3.—

Transf., a pattern, model, example, ideal (so a favorite word with Cic.):

specimen sationis et insitionis origo Ipsa fuit Natura,

Lucr. 5, 1361; cf. id. 5, 186:

specimen humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 55:

temperantiae prudentiaeque specimen est Q. Scaevola,

id. N. D. 3, 32, 80:

innocentiae,

id. Pis. 39, 95:

is ordo ceteris specimen esto,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 10:

num dubitas, quin specimen naturae capi deceat ex optumā quāque naturā?

id. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

unicum antiquitatis specimen,

Tac. A. 3, 4.—

An ornament, honor:

antiquum imperii,

Sen. Thyest. 223:

egregium,

id. Phoen. 80:

summum,

Amm. 23, 6, 23:

tibi specimen gloriosum arrogaris,

App. M. 1, p. 112 fin.