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   ■ World War II and Portugal

   ■ Afonso, Rui. Um Homem Bom. Aristides De Sousa Mendes O " Wallenberg Portugues." Lisbon: Caminho, 1995.

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   ■ Fralon, Jose-Alain. A Good Man in Evil Times. The Story of Aristides De Sousa Mendes: The Man Who Saved the Lives of Countless Refugees in World War II. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001.

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   ■ Johns, Philip. Within Two Cloaks. Missions With SIS and SOE. London, 1979.

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   ■ Luca, Antonio. "Portugal's Double Game: Between the Nazis and the Allies." In Avi Beker, ed., The Plunder of Jewish Property during the Holocaust. Confronting European History. New York, 2001. MacIntyre, Ben. Agent Zigzag. New York: Harmony, 2007. Martins, Maria Joao. O Paraiso Triste. O Quotidiano em Lisboa durante a II Grande Guerra. Lisbon: Vega, 1994. Masterman, J.C. The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time. Chronicle 2: The Infernal Grove. New York: William Morrow, 1974.

   ■ Nery, Julia. O Consul. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1991.

   ■ Pimentel, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 2006.

   ■ Popov, Dusko. Spy/ Counterspy. London, 1974.

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   ■ Ribeiro, Aquilino. Volfarmio Romance. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1943.

   ■ Rosas, Fernando. Portugal entre a Paz e a Guerra. Lisbon: Estampa, 1990.

   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

   ■ Telo, Antonio Jose. Propagandal E Guerra Secreta Em Portugal 1939-45. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■. Portugal na Segunda Guerra ( 1941-1945), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■. Os Acores E O Controlo Do Atlantico ( 1898/ 1948). Lisbon: Ed. Asa, 1993.

   ■. A neutralidade portuguesa e o ouro nazi. Lisbon, 2000.

   ■ Vintras, R.E. The Portuguese Connection: The Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman and Turner, 1974. Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Age Old Business of Espionage." 1987 World Book Year Book. Chicago, 1987.

   ■. "'In the Service of Order.' The Portuguese Political Police and the British, Germany and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 36: no. 3 (Jan. 1983), 1-25.

   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

   ■ Wylie, Neville. "An Amateur Learns His Job? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940-42." Journal of Contemporary History. 36: no. 3 (2001), 441-57.

   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, Jose. O Comportamento Politico dos Militares, Forcas Armadas e Regimes Politicos em Portugal no seculo XX. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992.

   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, 1998.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa ( 1926-1933). Mem Martins: Europa- America, 1988.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926-1974: "The Honor of the Army." In Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

   ■, ed. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." In Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer, 2000): 1-404.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

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   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

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   ■. The Empire Time Forgot: Writing a History of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, 1808-1975. Oporto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 1998.

   ■. "Filho Do Porto, Filho Do Império: Antônio Francisco Da Silva Porto (1817-1890) and the Politics of Motivation in Portugal's First and Second Scrambles for Africa (1836-1861; 1875-1891)." Revista da UFP [Universidade Fernando Pessoa] 4 (Dec. 1999): 225-54.

   ■. "'Mais leis do que mosquitos': A Primeira República Portuguesa e o Império Ultramarino (1910-1926)." In Nuno Severiano Teixeira and Antó-nio Costa Pinto, eds., A Primeira República Portuguesa Entre O Liberalismo E O Autoritarismo, 133-68. Lisbon: University Nova de Lisboa, 2000.

   ■. "Spiritual Peoples at Odds: Portugal, India and the Goa Question, 1947-61." In Anthony Disney and Emily Booth, eds., Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia, 452-70. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■. "Portugal, Africa and the future." In Stewart Lloyd-Jones and Antonio Costa Pinto, eds., The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization, 113-25. Bristol, U.K.: Intellect, 2003.

   ■. "The Forced Labor 'System' in Angola, 1903-1947: Reassessing Origins and Persistence in the Context of Colonial Consolidation, Economic Growth and Reform Failures." In CEAUP, Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade do Porto, ed., Trabalho forcado africano-experiencias coloniais comparadas, 367-393. Oporto: CEAUP, 2006.

   ■. "As Raizes Do Nacionalismo Angolano: Publicacoes De Protesto Dos Assimilados, 1870-1940." In Nuno Vidal and Justino Pinto De Andrade, eds., O Processo De Transicao Para O Multipartidarismo Em Angola, 73-92. Lisbon: Ed. Firmamento, 2006.

   ■, and René Pélissier. Angola. London: Pall Mall and New York: Praeger, 1971; reprinted, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1977; Portuguese lang. edition, Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2009. Whiteway, R. W. The Rise of the Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550. London: Constable, 1899.

   ■ Winius, George D. The Fatal History of Portuguese Ceylon: Transition to Dutch Rule. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.

   ■. "The Portuguese Asian 'Decadência' Revisited." In Alfred Hower and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds., Empire in Transition, 106-17. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

   ■. The Black Legend of Portuguese India. New Delhi: New Concept, 1985.

   ■ Portuguese Migration and Communities Abroad

   ■ Alves, Marcial. Os Portugueses no Mundo. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Anderson, Grace M., and David Higgs, eds. A Future to Inherit: Portuguese Communities in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Arroteia, Jorge Carvalho. A emigração Portuguesa-suas origens e distribuição. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. "Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Portuguese Emigration: A Bibliography." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 3 (Fall-Winter, 1977-78).

   ■. "Emigrar Para Voltar: A Portuguese Ideology of Return Migration." Papers in Anthropology 20 (1979): 1-20.

   ■. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1982.

   ■. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Eduardo de. Os portugueses na Nova Inglaterra. Rio de Janeiro, 1931.

   ■ Caspari, Andrea. "The Return Orientation among Portuguese Migrants in France." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 193-203. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone, ed. Portugueses na América do Norte. Baden: Peregrinação, 1983.

   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

1899-1964

   Nacido Samuel Neufeld, hermano de Sigmund Neufeld, futuro jefe de produccion de PRC, dirige cortometrajes desde 1926, y largometrajes desde 1933. Probablemente el mas prolifico realizador norteamericano de la era sonora, dirigio, sobre todo, westerns. Por sus manos paso una parte importante de los viejos heroes del genero, en peliculas de una hora de duracion y argumentos eternamente repetidos. Solo leer su filmografia produce cierto vertigo. Establecerla rigurosamente es una tarea ardua, especialmente en lo relativo al orden cronologico estricto, por lo que en esta ocasion mas que en ninguna otra hay que entender que ese orden es susceptible de correccion. Utiliza los seudonimos de Peter Stewart y Sherman Scott. Se ha prescindido de tres aparentes largometrajes, situados al final de su carrera y obtenidos, cada uno de ellos, por super posicion de dos episodios del serial televisivo “Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans”. Aunque el nivel medio de los filmes de Sam Newfeld es realmente bajo, hay que citar dos curiosidades: Harlem on the Prairie (1937) esta interpretado integramente por negros, y The Terror of Tiny Town (1938), por enanos, que se mueven en decorados de tamano normal.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Undercover Men. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Dominion. Charles Starrett, Adrienne Dore.

    Northern Frontier. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Ambassador. Kermit Maynard, Eleanor Hunt, LeRoy Mason.

    Code of the Mounted (Fiel a su consigna). 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Ambassador. Kermit Maynard, Lilian Miles, Robert Warwick.

    Branded a Coward (El botin del rancho). 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Billie Seward, Syd Taylor.

    Trails of the Wild. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Ambassador. Kermit Maynard, Billie Seward, Fuzzy Knight.

    Timber War. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Ambassador. Kermit Maynard, Lucille Lund, Lawrence Gray.

    Bulldog Courage. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Joan Woodbury.

    Roarin’ Guns. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Rosalinda Rice, Rex Lease.

    Border Caballero. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Lois January, Ralph Byrd.

    Lightnin’ Bill Carson. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Lois January, Rex Lease.

    Aces and Eights. 1936. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Luana Walters, Rex Lease.

    The Lion’s Den. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Joan Woodbury, Don Barclay.

    Ghost Patrol. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Claudia Dell, Walter Miller.

    The Traitor. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Puritan. Tim McCoy, Frances Grant, Wally Wales.

    Roarin’ Lead (co-d.: Mack V. Wright). 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Christine Maple.

    Stormy Trails. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony (Grand National). Rex Bell, Lois Wilde, Lane Chandler.

    The Gambling Terror. 1937. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Iris Meredith, Horace Murphy.

    Lightnin’ Crandall. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Lois January, Frank LaRue.

    Trail of Vengeance. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Iris Meredith.

    Melody of the Plains. 1937. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Al St. John, Louise Small.

    Bar-Z Bad Men. 1937. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Lois January.

    Guns in the Dark. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Claire Rochelle, Syd Saylor.

    Gun Lords of Stirrup Basin. 1937. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Louise Stanley, Frank LaRue.

    A Lawman Is Born. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Iris Meredith, Al St. John.

    Doomed at Sundown. 1937. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Lorraine Randall.

    Boothill Brigade. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Johnny Mack Brown, Claire Rochelle, Horace Murphy.

    Arizona Gunfighter. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Jean Carmen, Ted Adams.

    Ridin’ the Lone Trail. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Claire Rochelle, Charles King.

    Moonlight on the Range. 1937. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Al St. John, Lois January.

    The Fighting Deputy. 1937. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Al St. John, Marjorie Beebe.

    The Colorado Kid. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Marion Weldon, Karl Hackett.

    Harlem on the Prairie (co-d.: Jed Buell). 1937. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Associated. Herbert Jeffries, Connie Harris.

    Paroled To Die. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Kathleen Eliot, Karl Hackett.

    The Ranger’s Roundup. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum (Stan Laurel Prod.) Fred Scott, Al St. John, Christine McIntyre.

    Thunder in the Desert. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Louise Stanley, Don Barclay.

    Code of the Rangers. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Concord (Monogram). Tim McCoy, Judith Ford, Rex Lease.

    The Feud Maker. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Marion Weldon, Karl Hackett.

    Knights of the Plains (Allende Rio Grande). 1938. 57 min. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum (Stan Laurel Prod.) Fred Scott, Al St. John, Marion Weldon.

    Songs and Bullets. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum (Stan Laurel Prod.) Fred Scott, Al St. John, Alice Ardell.

    Gunsmoke Trail. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Concord (Monogram). Jack Randall, Louise Stanley, Al St. John.

    Phantom Ranger. 1938. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Concord (Mono gram). Tim McCoy, Suzanne Kaaren.

    Desert Patrol. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Marion Weldon, Rex Lease.

    Durango Valley Raiders. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Louise Stanley, Karl Hackett.

    Frontier Scout. 1938. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fine Arts (Grand Natio nal). George Houston, Al St. John, Beth Marion.

    Lightning Carson Rides Again. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Joan Barclay, Ben Corbett.

    Six-Gun Trail. 1938. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Nora Lane, Ben Corbett.

    The Terror of Tiny Town. 1938. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal (Co lumbia). Billy Curtis, Little Billy Rhodes, Nita Krebs, Yvonne Moray.

    Trigger Pals. 1939. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Cinemart (Grand Natio nal). Art Jarrett, Lee Powell, Dorothy Faye, Al St. John.

    Six-Gun Rhythm. 1939. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Arcadia (Grand National). Tex Fletcher, Joan Barclay, Ralph Peters.

    Code of the Cactus. 1939. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Dorothy Short, Ben Corbett.

    Texas Wildcats. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Joan Barclay, Ben Corbett.

    Outlaw’s Paradise. 1939. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Joan Barclay, Ben Corbett.

    Straight Shooter. 1939. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Julie Sheldon, Ben Corbett.

    Fighting Renegade. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Joyce Bryant, Ben Corbett.

    Trigger Fingers. 1939. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tim McCoy, Jill Martin (Harley Wood), Ben Corbett.

    Fighting Mad. 1939. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. James Newill, Sally Blane, Benny Rubin, Dave O’Brien.

    Flaming Lead. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Ken Maynard, Eleanor Stewart, Dave O’Brien.

    The Sagebrush Family Trails West (Peter Stewart). 1940. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bobby Clark, Nina Guilbert, Earle Hodgins.

    Texas Renegades (Peter Stewart). 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Nora Lane, Harry Harvey.

    Death Rides the Range. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Ken Maynard, Fay McKenzie, Raph Peters.

    Frontier Crusader (Peter Stewart). 1940. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Dorothy Short, Lou Fulton.

    Billy the Kid Outlawed (Peter Stewart). 1940. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Al St. John, Louise Currie.

    Gun Code (Peter Stewart). 1940. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Inna Gest, Lou Fulton.

    Marked Men (Sherman Scott). 1940. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Warren Hull, Isabel Jewell.

    Arizona Gang Busters (Peter Stewart). 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Pauline Haddon, Lou Fulton.

    Billy the Kid in Texas (Peter Stewart). 1940. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Terry Walker, Al St. John.

    Riders of Black Mountain (Peter Stewart). 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Pauline Haddon, Ralph Peters, Rex Lease.

    Billy the Kid’s Gun Justice (Peter Stewart). 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Louise Currie, Al St. John.

    The Lone Rider Rides On. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Hillary Brooke, Al St. John.

    Billy the Kid’s Range War (Peter Stewart). 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Joan Barclay, Al St. John.

    The Lone Rider Crosses the Rio/Across the Border. 1941. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Roquell Verrin, Al St. John.

    Outlaws of the Rio Grande (Peter Stewart). 1941. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Virginia Carpenter, Ralph Peters.

    Billy the Kid’s Fighting Pals (Sherman Scott). 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Phyllis Adair, Al St. John.

    The Lone Rider in Ghost Town. 1941. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Alaine Brandes, Al St. John.

    Billy the Kid in Santa Fe (Sherman Scott). 1941. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bob Steele, Al St. John, Rex Lease.

    The Texas Marshal (Paul Stewart). 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Tim McCoy, Kay Leslie, Art Davis, Dave O’Brien.

    The Lone Rider in Frontier Fury. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Hillary Brooke, Al St. John.

    The Lone Rider Ambushed. 1941. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Maxine Leslie, Al St. John.

    Billy the Kid Wanted (Sherman Scott). 1941. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Choti Sherwood, Al St. John.

    The Lone Rider Fights Back. 1941. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Dorothy Short, Al St. John.

    Billy the Kid’s Round-Up (Sherman Scott). 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Joan Barclay, Al St. John.

    Texas Manhunt (Peter Stewart). 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Julie Duncan, Lee Powell.

    The Lone Rider and the Bandit. 1942. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Al St. John, Vickie Lester.

    Raiders of the West (Peter Stewart). 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Virginia Carroll, Lee Powell.

    Billy the Kid Trapped (Sherman Scott). 1942. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Anne Jeffreys.

    The Lone Rider in Cheyenne. 1942. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Al St. John, Ella Neal.

    Rolling Down the Great Divide (Peter Stewart). 1942. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Wanda McKay, Lee Powell.

    Billy the Kid’s Smoking Guns (Sherman Scott). 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Joan Barclay.

    Texas Justice. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Al St. John, Wanda McKay.

    Tumbleweed Trail (Peter Stewart). 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Marjorie Manners, Lee Powell.

    Law and Order (Sherman Scott). 1942. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Wanda McKay.

    Prairie Pals (Peter Stewart). 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Esther Estrella, Lee Powell.

    Border Roundup. 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Hous ton, Al St. John, Patricia Knox.

    Along the Sundown Trail (Peter Stewart). 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Julie Duncan, Lee Powell.

    Sheriff of Sage Valley (Sherman Scott). 1962. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Maxine Leslie.

    The Mysterious Rider. 1942. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Caroline Burke.

    Outlaws of Boulder Pass. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. George Houston, Al St. John, Marjorie Manners.

    Overland Stagecoach. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Robert Livingston, Al St. John, Julie Duncan.

    The Kid Rides Again (Sherman Scott). 1943. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Iris Meredith.

    Wild Horse Rustlers. 1943. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Robert Livingston, Al St. John, Lane Chandler, Linda Johnson.

    Fugitive of the Plains. 1943. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Maxine Leslie.

    Death Rides the Plains. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Robert Livingston, Al St. John, Nica Doret.

    Western Cyclone. 1943. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Marjorie Manners.

    Wolves of the Range. 1943. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Robert Livingston, Al St. John, Frances Gladwyn.

    Cattle Stampede. 1943. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Frances Gladwin.

    The Renegade. 1943. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Lois Ranson.

    Blazing Frontier. 1943. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Marjorie Manners.

    Raiders of Red Gap. 1943. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Robert Livingston, Al St. John, Myrna Dell.

    The Devil Riders. 1943. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Frontier Outlaws. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Frances Gladwin.

    Thundering Gunslingers. 1944. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Frances Gladwin.

    Valley of Vengeance. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Evelyn Finley.

    The Drifter. 1944. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Carol Parker.

    Fuzzy Settles Down. 1944. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Rustler’s Hideout. 1944. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Wild Horse Phantom. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Elaine Morley.

    Oath of Vengeance. 1944. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Mady Lawrence.

    His Brother’s Ghost. 1945. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John.

    Shadows of Death. 1945. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Donna Dax.

    Gangster’s Den. 1945. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Sydney Logan.

    Stagecoach Outlaws. 1945. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Frances Gladwin.

    Border Badmen. 1945. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Lorraine Miller.

    Fighting Bill Carson. 1945. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Kay Hugues.

    Prairie Rustlers. 1945. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Evelyn Finley.

    Ligthning Raiders. 1946. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Mady Lawrence.

    Gentlemen with Guns. 1946. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patricia Knox.

    Terrors on Horseback. 1946. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Ghost of Hidden Valley. 1946. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Jean Carlin.

    Prairie Badmen. 1946. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patricia Knox.

    Overland Riders. 1946. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Outlaws of the Plains. 1946. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarthy.

    Western Pacific Agent. 1950. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Lippert. Kent Taylor, Sheila Ryan, Robert Lowery.

    Three Desperate Men. 1951. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Lippert. Preston Foster, Virginia Grey, Jim Davis.

    Skipalong Rosenbloom. 1951. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Eagle Lion Classics (UA). Max Rosenbloom, Jackie Coogan, Hillary Brooke.

    Outlaw Women (co-d.: Ron Ormond). 1952. 75 minutos. Cinecolor. Howco (Lippert). Marie Windsor, Richard Rober.

    Last of the Desperados. 1955. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Associated. James Craig, Margia Dean, Jim Davis.

    The Wild Dakotas. 1956. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Associated. Bill Williams, Coleen Gray, Jim Davis.

    The Three Outlaws. 1956. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. SuperScope. Asso ciated. Neville Brand, Alan Hale, Jr., Lillian Molieri, Jeanne Carmen.

    Frontier Gambler. 1956. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Associated. John Bromfield, Coleen Gray, Jim Davis, Margia Dean.

    Wolf Dog. 1958. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RegalScope. Regal (Fox). Jim Davis, Allison Hayes.

    Flaming Frontier. 1958. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RegalScope. Regal (Fox). Bruce Bennett, Paisley Maxwell, Jim Davis.

1894-1975

   El nombre de Joseph Kane se asocia de forma indisoluble a una productora, Republic, de principio a fin. Kane habia dirigido en 1935 un serial para Mascot, que junto con otras pequenas productoras se asociaron para fundar Republic ese mismo ano. Desde esa fecha hasta 1958, en que la productora desaparece, Kane es uno de sus directores mas prolificos. Estamos ante uno de los grandes nombres del western, en cantidad, ya que no en calidad. Entre 1934 y 1975 trabaja en no menos de 120 peliculas, la inmensa mayoria de las cuales pertenecen al genero que nos ocupa. Trabaja con Gene Autry, John Wayne, Robert Livingston, Roy Rogers, Bill Elliott, en tre otros. Despues dirigira algunos episodios de se ries de television y otras cuatro peliculas. Sus mejores filmes son, sin duda, Titanes de la montana y Los indomables, ya al final de su carrera.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Tumbling Tumbleweeds. 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Lucile Browne.

    Melody Trail. 1935, 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Ann Rutherford.

    The Sagebrush Troubadour. 1935. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Barbara Pepper.

    The Lawless Nineties. 1936. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Rutherford.

    King of the Pecos. 1936. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Muriel Evans.

    The Lonely Trail. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Rutherford.

    Oh, Susanna! 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Frances Grant.

    Ride Ranger Ride. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Kay Hugues.

    Ghost-Town Gold. 1936. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Kay Hugues, Max Terhune.

    The Old Corral. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Hope Manning.

    Guns and Guitars. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Dorothy Dix.

    Git Along. Little Dogies. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Judith Allen.

    Round-Up Time in Texas. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Maxine Doyle.

    Gunsmoke Ranch. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Julia Thayer, Max Terhune.

    Come On, Cowboys! 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Maxine Doyle, Max Terhune.

    Yodelin’ Kid from Pine Ridge. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Betty Bronson.

    Public Cowboy No. 1. 1937. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Ann Rutherford.

    Heart of the Rockies. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Lynn Roberts, Max Terhune.

    Boots and Saddles. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Judith Allen.

    Springtime in the Rockies. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Polly Rowles.

    The Old Barn Dance. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Helen Valkis.

    Arson Gang Busters. 1938. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Rosalind Keith.

    Under Western Stars. 1938. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hugues.

    Gold Mine in the Sky. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hugues.

    The Man from Music Mountain. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hughes.

    Billy the Kid Returns. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Come On, Rangers. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Raymond Hatton, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Shine On, Harvest Moon. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Rough Riders’ Round-Up. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Raymond Hatton, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Frontier Pony Express. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Southward Ho. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    In Old Caliente. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).

    Wall Street Cowboy. 1939. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ann Baldwyn, George Hayes, Raymond Hatton.

    In Old Monterey. 1939. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, June Storey.

    The Arizona Kid. 1939. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dorothy Sebastian, George Hayes.

    Saga of Death Valley. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Doris Day, George Hayes.

    Days of Jesse James. 1939. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.

    Young Buffalo Bill. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.

    The Carson City Kid. 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, Bob Steele.

    The Ranger and the Lady. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Julie Bishop, George Hayes.

    Colorado. 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.

    Young Bill Hickcok. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    The Border Legion. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Carol Hugues, George Hayes.

    Robin Hood of the Pecos. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Marjorie Reynolds, George Hayes.

    In Old Cheyenne. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Joan Woodbury, George Hayes.

    Sheriff of Tombstone. 1941. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Elyse Knox, George Hayes.

    Nevada City. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    Bad Man of Deadwood. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Carol Adams, George Hayes.

    Jesse James at Bay. 1941. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Gale Storm, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    Red River Valley. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    Man from Cheyenne. 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    South of Santa Fe. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynda Hayes, George Hayes.

    Sunset on the Desert. 1942. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynne Carver, George Hayes.

    Romance on the Range. 1942. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.

    Sons of the Pioneers. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Maris Wrixon, George Hayes.

    Sunset Serenade. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Helen Parrish, George Hayes.

    Heart of the Golden West. 1942. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Terry, George Hayes, Smiley Burnette.

    Ridin’ Down the Canyon. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynda Hayes, George Hayes, Bob Nolan.

    Idaho. 1943. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Virginia Grey, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan.

    King of the Cowboys. 1943. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Peggy Moran, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan.

    Song of Texas. 1943. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sheila Ryan, Barton MacLane, Bob Nolan.

    Silver Spurs. 1943. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Phyllis Brooks, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan, John Carradine.

    The Man from Music Mountain. 1943. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Ferry, Bob Notan.

    Hands Across the Border (Cita en la frontera). 1944. 73 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Terry, Bob Nolan.

    The Cowboy and the Senorita. 1944. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Lee, Dale Evans, Bob Nolan.

    The Yellow Rose of Texas. 1944. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dale Evans, Bob Nolan.

    Song of Nevada (La cancion de Nevada). 1944. 75 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dale Evans, Mary Lee, Bob Nolan.

    Flame of Barbary Coast (Algun dia volvere). 1945. 91 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Dvorak.

    Dakota. 1945. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Vera Ralston, Walter Brennan.

    In Old Sacramento. 1946. 89 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Constance Moore

    The Plainsman and the Lady. 1946. 87 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Vera Ralston, Andy Clyde.

    Wyoming. 1947. 84 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Vera Ralston, George Hayes.

    In Old Los Angeles. 1948. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Catherine McLeod, Andy Devine.

    The Gallant Legion. 1948. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adele Mara, Adrian Booth, Andy Devine.

    The Plunderers. 1948. 87 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Ilona Massey, Adrian Booth.

    The Last Bandit. 1949. 80 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker, Andy Devine.

    Brimstone. 1949. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker, Walter Brennan.

    Rock Island Trail. 1950. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Forrest Tucker, Adele Mara, Adrian Booth.

    The Savage Horde. 1950. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adrian Booth, Grant Whiters, Noah Beery, Jr.

    California Passage. 1950. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Forrest Tucker, Adele Mara, Jim Davis.

    Oh! Susanna. 1951. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker.

    Woman of the North Country. 1952. 92 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Ruth Hussey, Rod Cameron, John Agar, Gale Storm

    Ride the Man Down. 1952. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Brian Donlevy, Rod Cameron, Ella Raines.

    San Antone (Los rebeldes de San Antonio). 1953. 90 min. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rod Cameron, Arleen Whelan, Katy Jurado, Forrest Tucker.

    Jubilee Trail (Extrana aventura). 1954. 103 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Vera Ralston, Forrest Tucker, Joan Leslie.

    Hell’s Outpost. 1954. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rod Cameron, Joan Leslie, John Russell.

    Timberjack (Titanes de la montana). 1955. 94 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Sterling Hayden, Vera Ralston.

    The Road to Denver. 1955. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. John Payne, Mona Freeman, Lee J. Cobb.

    The Vanishing American (El ocaso de una raza). 1955. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Scott Brady, Audrey Totter, Forrest Tucker.

    The Maverick Queen (Los indomables). 1956. 92 minutos. Trucolor. Natu rama. Republic. Barbara Stanwyck, Barry Sullivan, Scott Brady.

    Thunder Over Arizona. 1956. 70 minutos. Trucolor. Naturama. Republic. Skip Homeier, Kristine Miller.

    Duel at Apache Wells. 1957. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Anna Maria Alberguetti, Ben Cooper, Jim Davis.

    Spoilers of the Forest. 1957. 68 minutos. Trucolor. Naturama. Republic. Rod Cameron, Vera Ralston.

    The Last Stagecoach West. 1957. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Jim Davis, Mary Castle.

    Gunfire at Indian Gap. 1957. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Vera Ralston, Anthony George.

    The Lawless Eighties. 1958. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Buster Crabbe, John Smith, Marilyn Saris.

    Smoke in the Wind (co-d.: Andy Brennan). 1975. 98 minutos. Color. Gamalex. John Ashely, John Russell, Susan Houston, Walter Brennan.

1888-1952

   Actor y empresario teatral antes de la Primera Gue rra Mundial, despues se convierte en ayudante de direccion para Fox, trabajando con John Ford. En los anos 20 pasa a Universal, donde empieza a dirigir primero cortometrajes y despues peliculas de serie B, sobre todo thrillers y seriales diversos. En el sonoro, al que se adapta aceptablemente, trabaja con intensidad. Es, sin duda, uno de los realizadores mas prolificos del genero; mas de 80 westerns avalan su trayectoria, ni mas ni menos destacada que la de otros muchos, aunque no le falta buen pulso narrativo las mas de las veces. Trabaja, inevitablemente, con actores populares, y tambien prolificos, de los anos 30 y, en menor medida, 40. Peliculas de una hora de duracion, aproximadamente, con argumentos poco elaborados, y algun serial, dirigido en solitario a comienzos del sonoro, y ya en colaboracion unos diez anos despues, constituyen la inmensa mayoria de una filmografia inabarcable.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    The One Way Trail (La senda de la venganza). 1931. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Tim McCoy, Doris Hill, Polly Ann Young, Carroll Nye.

    Battling with Buffalo Bill. 1931. 217 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Tom Tyler, Lucille Browne, Rex Bell, William Desmond.

    Heroes of the West. 1932. 210 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Noah Beery, Jr., Julie Bishop, William Desmond, Onslow Stevens.

    Clancy of the Mounted. 1933. 225 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Tom Tyler, Jacqueline Wells, William Desmond.

    Gordon of Ghost City. 1933. 220 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Madge Bellamy, Walter Miller.

    The Fighting Trooper. 1934. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Ambassador. Kermit Maynard, Barbara Worth, LeRoy Mason.

    Outlawed Guns. 1935. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Ruth Channing, Roy D’Arcy, Joan Gale.

    The Roaring West. 1935. 255 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans, Walter Miller, Frank McGlynn.

    The Throwback (El hijo del cuatrero). 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans, George Hayes.

    The Ivory-Handled Gun (Exterminio). 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Charlotte Wynters, Walter Miller.

    Sunset of Power (El ocaso del poder). 1936. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Dorothy Dix, Charles B. Middleton.

    Silver Spurs (El desfiladero perdido). 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans, George Hayes.

    The Cowboy and the Kid (El vaquero y el huerfano). 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Dorothy Revier, Billy Burrud.

    The Phantom Rider. 1936. 258 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Marla Shelton, Diana Gibson, Harry Woods.

    The Three Mesquiteers. 1936. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Syd Saylor, Kay Hugues.

    The Vigilantes Are Coming (co-d.: Mack V. Wright). 1936. 229 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Kay Hugues, Guinn Williams, Raymond Hatton.

    The Painted Stallion (co-d.: Alan James, William Witney). 1937. 212 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Ray Corrigan, Hoot Gibson, LeRoy Mason, Duncan Renaldo, Julia Thayer.

    Drums of Destiny. 1937. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Crescent. Tom Keene, Edna Lawrence, Robert Fiske.

    Raw Timber. 1937. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Crescent. Tom Keene, Peggy Keys, Robert Fiske.

    The Mystery of the Hooded Horsemen (Jinetes enmascarados). 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Irish Meredith, Horace Murphy.

    Sudden Bill Dorn. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Noel Francis, Evelyn Brent.

    Boss of Lonely Valley. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans, Walter Miller.

    Tex Ritter with the Boy Scouts. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Marjorie Reynolds, Snub Pollard.

    Hawaiian Buckaroo (La ultima emboscada). 1938. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal/Fox. Smith Ballew, Evalyn Knapp, Benny Burt, Pat O’Brien.

    The Painted Stallion (co-d.: Alan James, William Witney). 1938. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Ray Corrigan, Hoot Gibson, Jean Carmen.

    Frontier Town. 1938. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Ann Evers, Snub Pollard.

    Rawhide. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal/Fox. Smith Ballew, Lou Gehrig, Evalyn Knapp.

    Flaming Frontiers (co-d.: Alan James). 1938. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Eleanor Hansen.

    Panamint’s Bad Man (Jugandose la vida). 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal/Fox. Smith Ballew, Evelyn Daw, Noah Beery.

    Riders of Pasco Basin. 1940. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. John ny Mack Brown, Frances Robinson, Bob Baker, Fuzzy Knight.

    West of Carson City. 1940. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Peggy Moran, Bob Baker, Fuzzy Knight.

    Bad Man from Red Butte. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Anne Gwynne, Bob Baker, Fuzzy Knight.

    Winners of the West (co-d.: Ford Beebe). 1940. 247 minutos. 13 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Dick Foran, Anne Nagel.

    Ragtime Cowboy Joe. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Lynn Merrick, Fuzzy Knight.

    Law and Order. 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Fuzzy Knight.

    Pony Post. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Dorothy Short, Fuzzy Knight.

    Boss of Bullion City. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Maria Montez, Fuzzy Knight.

    Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Kathryn Adams, Fuzzy Knight.

    Law of the Range. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Elaine Morley, Fuzzy Knight.

    Riders of Death Valley (Los jinetes de la muerte) (co-d.: Ford Beebe). 1941. 283 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Dick Foran, Leo Carrillo, Jeannie Kelly.

    Rawhide Rangers. 1941. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Kathryn Adams, Fuzzy Knight.

    Man from Montana. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Jeanne Kelly, Fuzzy Knight.

    Fighting Bill Fargo. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Jeanne Kelly, Fuzzy Knight.

    Stagecoach Buckaroo. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Nell O’Day, Anne Nagel, Fuzzy Knight.

    Cheyenne Roundup. 1943. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Jennifer Holt, Tex Ritter, Fuzzy Knight.

    The Lone Star Trail. 1943. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Jennifer Holt, Tex Ritter, Fuzzy Knight.

    Boss of Boomtown. 1944. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Rod Cameron, Tom Tyler, Vivian Austin, Fuzzy Knight.

    Raiders of Ghost City (co-d.: Lewis D. Collins). 1944. 225 minutos. 13 capitulos. Blanco y negro. Universal. Dennis Moore, Wanda McKay.

    The Royal Mounted Rides Again (co-d.: Lewis D. Collins). 1945. 221 minutos. 13 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. George Dolenz, Bill Kennedy, Milburn Stone.

    The Daltons Ride Again (Casta indomable). 1945. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Alan Curtis, Kent Taylor, Martha O’Driscoll.

    The Scarlet Horseman (co-d.: Lewis D. Collins). 1946. 248 minutos. 13 capitulos. Blanco y negro. Universal. Peter Cookson, Janet Shaw.

    Wild Country. 1947. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Peggy Wynne.

    Law of the Lash. 1947. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Mary Scott

    Range Beyond the Blue. 1947. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Helen Mowery.

    The Michigan Kid (El chico de Michigan/Ninguno como el). 1947. 69 minutos. Cinecolor. Universal. Jon Hall, Rita Johnson, Victor McLaglen.

    West to Glory. 1947. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Dolores Castle.

    Border Feud. 1947. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Gloria Marlen.

    Pioneer Justice. 1947. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Jennifer Holt.

    Ghost Town Renegades. 1947. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Jennifer Holt.

    The Vigilantes Return. 1947. 67 minutos. Cinecolor. Universal. Jon Hall, Margaret Lindsay, Paula Drew.

    Stage to Mesa City. 1947. 56 min. B y N. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John.

    Black Hills. 1947. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Shirley Patterson.

    Return of the Lash. 1947. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Mary Maynard.

    The Fighting Vigilantes. 1947. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Jennifer Holt.

    Shadow Valley. 1947. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt.

    Cheyenne Takes Over. 1947. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Nancy Gates.

    Check Your Guns. 1948. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Nancy Gates.

    Tornado Range. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt.

    The Westward Trail. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Phyllis Planchard.

    The Hawk of Powder River. 1948. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt.

    The Tioga Kid. 1948. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. PRC-Eagle Lion. Eddie Dean, Roscoe Ates, Jennifer Holt.

    Range Justice. 1948. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Felice Ingersall, Max Terhune.

    The Return of Wildfire (Tierra de heroes). 1948. 83 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Richard Arlen, Patricia Morison, Mary Beth Hugues.

    Dead Man’s Gold. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Peggy Stewart.

    Mark of the Lash. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Suzi Crandall.

    Gunning for Justice. 1948. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Evelyn Finley, Max Terhune, Raymond Hatton.

    Hidden Danger. 1948. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Christine Larsen, Max Terhune, Raymond Hatton.

    Frontier Revenge. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Peggy Stewart.

    Outlaw Country. 1949. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Nancy Saunders.

    Crashing Thru. 1949. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Whip Wilson, Christine Larsen, Andy Clyde.

    Shadows of the West. 1949. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Whip Wilson, Reno Browne, Andy Clyde.

    Law of the West. 1949. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Gerry Patterson, Max Terhune.

    Son of Billy the Kid. 1949. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Marion Colby.

    Son of a Badman. 1949. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Lash LaRue, Al St. John, Noel Neill.

    West of El Dorado. 1949. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Reno Browne, Max Terhune.

1900-1979

   Sus origenes en el cine se situan dentro de la tarea de operador de camara y, despues, ayudante de direccion. Su carrera como director comienza realmente en 1936. Lesley Selander es uno de los grandes especialistas del western, con mas de cien peliculas a sus espaldas. Decir “uno de los grandes especialistas” no es lo mismo que decir “uno de los grandes nombres” y, en efecto, la trayectoria de Selander, en lo que a la calidad de sus peliculas se refiere, es irregular. Lo que, sin embargo, sorprende es que la valoracion media de sus westerns no es baja, lo que indica que el director poseia un especial instinto para el genero, que pone de manifiesto con una plastica mas que correcta y un buen manejo del tiempo de la narracion. Inabarcable por su extension, es dificil senalar los filmes que destacan en tan amplia muestra, pero si me veo en la obligacion de citar alguno, no dudaria en elegir las peliculas que hizo para Allied Artists a finales de los anos 40 y principios de los 50, y algunas otras de las ultimas que realizo, como Dakota Lil o The Broken Star.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Ride’ Em Cowboy. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jo nes, Luana Walters.

    The Boss Rider of Gun Creek. 1936. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Univ er sal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans.

    Empty Saddles. 1936. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Louise Brooks, Claire Rochelle.

    Sandflow. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Lita Chevret.

    Left Handed Law. 1937. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Noel Francis, Nina Quartero.

    Smoke Tree Range. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Muriel Evans.

    Hopalong Rides Again. 1937. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Lois Wilde, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    The Barrier. 1937. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Leo Carrillo, Jean Parker, James Ellison.

    Partners of the Plains. 1938. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Gwen Gaze, Russell Hayden, Harvey Clark.

    Cassidy on Bar 20. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Nora Lane, Russell Hayden, Frank Darien.

    Heart of Arizona. 1938. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Natalie Moorhead, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    Bar 20 Justice. 1938. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Gwen Gaze, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    Pride of the West. 1938. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Charlotte Field, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    The Mysterious Rider. 1938. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Douglas Drumbrille, Russell Hayden, Charlotte Field.

    The Frontiersman. 1938. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Evelyn Venable, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    Sunset Trail. 1939. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Charlotte Wynters, Jane Clayton, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    Heritage of the Desert. 1939. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Donald Woods, Russell Hayden, Evelyn Venable, Robert Barrat.

    Silver on the Sage (De cara a cara). 1939. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Ruth Rogers, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    The Renegade Trail. 1939. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Charlotte Wynters, Russell Hayden, George Hayes.

    Range War. 1939. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Betty Moran, Russell Hayden, Britt Wood.

    Santa Fe Marshal. 1940. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Bernadine Hayes, Russell Hayden, Britt Wood.

    Knights of the Range. 1940. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Russell Hayden, Jean Parker, Victor Jory.

    The Light of Western Stars. 1940. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Para mount. Russell Hayden, Victor Jory, Jo Ann Sayers.

    Hidden Gold. 1940. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Ruth Rogers, Russell Hayden, Britt Wood.

    Stagecoach War. 1940. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Julie Carter, Russell Hayden, Eddy Waller.

    Cherokee Strip. 1940. 86 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Richard Dix, Florence Rice, Victor Jory, Andy Clyde.

    Three Men from Texas (Hombres del Oeste). 1940. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Esther Estrella, Russell Hayden, Andy Clyde.

    Doomed Caravan. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Georgia Hawkins, Russell Hayden, Andy Clyde.

    The Roundup. 1941. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Richard Dix, Patricia Morison, Preston Foster.

    Pirates on Horseback. 1941. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Wi lliam Boyd, Eleanor Stewart, Russell Hayden, Andy Clyde.

    Wide Open Town (La ley del Oeste). 1941. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Evelyn Brent, Bernice Kay, Russell Hayden, Andy Clyde.

    Riders of the Timberline. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Eleanor Stewart, Brad King,

    Stick to Your Guns. 1941. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jennifer Holt, Brad King, Andy Clyde.

    Thundering Hoofs. 1942. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Luana Walters, Lee White, Ray Whitley.

    Bandit Ranger. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Joan Barclay, Cliff Edwards.

    Undercover Man. 1942. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Nora Lane, Esther Estrella, Jay Kirby, Andy Clyde.

    Border Patrol. 1943. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Claudia Drake, Jay Kirby, Andy Clyde.

    Buckskin Frontier. 1943. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. Richard Dix, Jane Wyatt, Lee J. Cobb, Albert Dekker.

    Colt Comrades. 1943. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Gayle Lord, Jay Kirby, Andy Clyde.

    Red River Robin Hood. 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Barbara Moffett, Cliff Edwards.

    Bar 20. 1943. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Dustine Farnum, George Reeves, Andy Clyde.

    Riders of the Deadline. 1943. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Frances Woodward, Jimmy Rogers, Andy Clyde.

    Lost Canyon. 1942. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Nora Lane, Jay Kirby, Andy Clyde.

    Lumberjack. 1944. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Ellen Hall, Jimmy Rogers, Andy Clyde.

    Forty Thieves. 1944. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. William Boyd, Louise Currie, Jimmy Rogers, Andy Clyde.

    Call of the Rockies. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Sunset Carson, Smiley Burnette, Ellen Hall.

    Bordertown Trail. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Sunset Carson, Smiley Burnette, Ellen Lowe.

    Stagecoach to Monterey. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Peggy Stewart, Roy Barcroft.

    Cheyenne Wildcat. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Peggy Stewart, Bob Blake.

    Sheriff of Sundown. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Max Terhune, Linda Sterling.

    Firebrands of Arizona. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Sunset Carson, Smiley Burnette, Peggy Stewart.

    Sheriff of Las Vegas. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Peggy Stewart, Bob Blake.

    The Great Stagecoach Robbery. 1945. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Bob Blake.

    Trail of Kit Carson. 1945. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Helen Talbot.

    Phantom of the Plains. 1945. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Bob Blake.

    Out California Way. 1946. 67 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Monte Hale, Adrian Booth, John Dehner, Bobby Blake.

    Last Frontier Uprising. 1947. 67 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Monte Hale, Adrian Booth, Roy Barcroft.

    Saddle Pals. 1947. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, Sterling Holloway.

    Robin Hood of Texas. 1947. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Lynne Roberts, Sterling Holloway.

    The Red Stallion. 1947. 81 minutos. Cinecolor. Eagle Lion. Robert Paige, Noreen Nash.

    Belle Star’s Daughter. 1947. 85 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Alson (Fox). George Montgomery, Rod Cameron, Ruth Roman.

    Panhandle (Imperio del crimen). 1948. 85 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied. Rod Cameron, Cathy Downs, Reed Hadley, Anne Gwynne.

    Guns of Hate. 1948. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Nan Leslie, Richard Martin.

    Indian Agent. 1948. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Nan Leslie, Richard Martin, Lee “Lasses” White.

    Brothers in the Saddle. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Virginia Cox, Richard Martin.

    Rustlers. 1949. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Martha Hyer, Richard Martin.

    Stampede. 1949. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied. Rod Cameron, Johnny Mack Brown, Gale Storm.

    Masked Raiders. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Marjorie Lord, Richard Martin.

    The Mysterious Desperado. 1949. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Movita, Richard Martin.

    Dakota Lil. 1950. 88 minutos. Cinecolor. Fox. George Montgomery, Marie Windsor, Rod Cameron.

    Riders of the Range. 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Jacqueline White, Richard Martin.

    Storm Over Wyoming. 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Noreen Nash, Betty Underwood, Richard Martin.

    Rider from Tucson. 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Elaine Riley, Veda Ann Borg, Richard Martin.

    Rio Grande Patrol (Patrulla de Rio Grande). 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Jane Nigh, Richard Martin.

    The Kangaroo Kid. 1950. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied Australian. Jock Mahoney, Veda Ann Borg, Douglass Dumbrille, Martha Hyer.

    Short Grass. 1950. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied. Rod Cameron, Johnny Mack Brown, Cathy Downs.

    Law of the Badlands. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Joan Dixon, Richard Martin

    Saddle Legion. 1951. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Dorothy Malone, Richard Martin.

    Cavalry Scout. 1951. 78 minutos. Cinecolor. Monogram. Rod Cameron, Audrey Long, Jim Davis.

    Gunplay. 1951. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Joan Dixon, Richard Martin.

    Pistol Harvest. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Joan Dixon, Richard Martin.

    Overland Telegraph. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Gail Davis, Richard Martin.

    Fort Osage. 1952. 72 minutos. Cinecolor. Monogram. Rod Cameron, Jane Nigh.

    Trail Guide (Rastro oculto). 1952. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Linda Douglas (Mary Jo Tarola), Richard Martin.

    Road Agent. 1952. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Noreen Nash, Richard Martin.

    Desert Passage. 1952. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Joan Dixon, Richard Martin.

    The Raiders. 1952. 80 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Richard Conte, Viveca Lindfords, Richard Martin, Barbara Britton.

    Fort Vengeance (Fort Venganza). 1953. 75 minutos. Cinecolor. Allied. James Craig, Rita Moreno, Keith Larsen.

    Cow Country. 1953. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied. Edmond O’Brien, Peggie Castle, Robert Barrat, Helen Westcott.

    War Paint. 1953. 89 minutos. Pathecolor. K-B Productions (UA). Robert Stack, Joan Taylor, Charles McGraw.

    Arrow in the Dust (Flechas incendiarias). 1954. 80 minutos. Technicolor. Allied. Sterling Hayden, Coleen Gray, Keith Larsen.

    The Yellow Tomahawk. 1954. 82 minutos. Color Corp. Of America. Bel-Air (UA). Rory Calhoun, Peggie Castle, Peter Graves.

    Shotgun (La pradera sangrienta). 1955. 81 minutos. Technicolor. Allied. Sterling Hayden, Yvonne De Carlo, Zachary Scott.

    Fort Yuma. 1955. 78 minutos. Technicolor. Bel-Air (UA). Peter Graves, Jean Vohs, John Hudson, Joan Taylor.

    Tall Man Riding. 1955. 83 minutos. Warnercolor. WB. Randolph Scott, Dorothy Malone, Robert Barrat, Peggie Castle.

    The Broken Star. 1956. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Bel-Air (UA). Howard Duff, Lita Baron, Bill Williams.

    Quincannon - Frontier Scout. 1956. 83 minutos. Color DeLuxe. Bel-Air (UA). Tony Martin, Peggie Castle, John Bromfield.

    Tomahawk Trail. 1957. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Bel-Air (UA). Chuck Connors, Susan Cummings, John Smith.

    Revolt at Fort Laramie. 1957. 73 minutos. Color DeLuxe. Bel-Air (UA). John Dehner, Gregg Palmer, Frances Helm.

    Outlaw’s Son. 1957. 87 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Bel-Air (UA). Dane Clark, Ben Cooper, Lori Nelson.

    The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold. 1958. 80 minutos. East man color. UA. Clayton Moore, Jay Silverheels, Noreen Nash.

    Convict Stage. 1965. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Harry Lauter, Do nald Barry, Jodi Mitchell.

    War Party. 1965. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Michael T. Mikler, Do nald Barry, Laurie Mack.

    Fort Courageous. 1965. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Fred Beir, Do nald Barry, Hanna Landy.

    Town Tamer. 1965. 89 minutos. Technicolor. Techniscope. A.C. Lyles (Para mount). Dana Andrews, Terry Moore, Pat O’Brien, Coleen Gray.

    The Texican/Texas Kid (Texas Kid). 1966. 86 minutos. Eastmancolor. Techniscope. M.C.R./Balcazar (Columbia). Audie Murphy, Broderick Craw ford, Diana Lorys

    Fort Utah. 1967. 83 minutos. Technicolor. Techniscope. A.C. Lyles (Para mount). John Ireland, Virginia Mayo, Scott Brady.

    Arizona Bushwhackers. 1968. 86 minutos. Technicolor. Techniscope. A.C. Lyles (Paramount). Howard Keel, Yvonne De Carlo, John Ireland.

1904-1976

   S. Roy Luby o Roy S. Luby trabaja como montador de westerns baratos desde principios de los anos 30. En 1935 empieza a dirigir, lo que no impide que continue montando peliculas. Ya en los anos 40, realiza un buen punado de westerns de serie B para Monogram, en especial de la serie de los Range Busters, protagonizada por Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune y John “Dusty” King.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Outlaw Rule. 1935. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Willis Kent Prod. Reb Russell, Betty Mack, Al Bridge.

    Range Warfare. 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Willis Kent Prod. Reb Russell, Lucille Lund, Wally Wales.

    Lightning Triggers. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Willis Kent Prod. Reb Russell, Yvonne Pelletier, Fred Kohler.

    Arizona Bad Man. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Willis Kent Prod. Reb Russell, Lois January, Slim Whitaker.

    Desert Phantom. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Sheila Manors.

    Rogue of the Range. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Lois January, Phyllis Hume.

    The Crooked Trail. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Lucile Browne.

    Border Phantom. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Harley Wood.

    Red Rope. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Lois January.

    The Range Busters. 1940. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Luana Walters, John “Dusty” King.

    Trailing Double Trouble. 1940. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Lita Conway, John “Dusty” King.

    West of Pinto Basin. 1940. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Gwen Gaze, John “Dusty” King.

    Trail of the Silver Spurs. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Dorothy Short, John “Dusty” King.

    The Kid’s Last Ride. 1941. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Luana Walters, John “Dusty” King.

    Tumbledown Ranch in Arizona. 1941. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Sheila Darcy, John “Dusty” King.

    Wrangler’s Roost. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Gwen Gaze, John “Dusty” King.

    Fugitive Valley. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Julie Duncan, John “Dusty” King.

    Saddle Mountain Roundup. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Lita Conway, John “Dusty” King.

    Tonto Basin Outlaws. 1941. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Jan Wiley, John “Dusty” King.

    Underground Rustlers. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Gwen Gaze, John “Dusty” King.

    Thunder River Feud. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Jan Wiley, John “Dusty” King.

    Rock River Renegades. 1942. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Christine McIntyre, John “Dusty” King.

    Boot Hill Bandits. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Jean Brooks, John “Dusty” King.

    Texas Trouble Shooters. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Julie Duncan, John “Dusty” King.

    Arizona Stagecoach. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Nell O’Day, John “Dusty” King.

    Land of Hunted Men. 1943. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Phyllis Adair, Dennis Moore.

    Cowboy Commandos. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Evelyn Finley, Dennis Moore.

    Black Market Rustlers. 1943. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Ray Corrigan, Max Terhune, Evelyn Finley, Dennis Moore.

1890-1969

   Uno mas de la larga lista de realizadores de peliculas baratas para consumo inmediato que empezo en el cine casi al mismo tiempo que lo hacia Hollywood, y que despues de ser montador de al menos cuatro peliculas entre 1922 y 1924, salto a la direccion en 1926 con Warner Bros. Al llegar el sonoro lo encontramos dedicado casi por completo al western de serie, en el que trabaja para casi todos, William Boyd (sobre todo), Charles Starrett, Buck Jones, Tim Holt, Don Barry, Bob Steele, Bill Elliott, Johnny Mack Brown, en peliculas con frecuencia intercambiables, de no ser por la personalidad de su protagonista. Segun cual fuera el actor protagonista, asi es la productora: Paramount, Columbia, Monogram, RKO o Republic.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Hop-a-Long Cassidy (La cancion del vaquero). 1935. 62 min. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Paula Stone.

    The Eagle’s Brood. 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Dorothy Revier, Joan Woodbury.

    Bar 20 Rides Again. 1935. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Jean Rouveral, George Hayes.

    Call of the Prairie (El ultimo testigo). 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Muriel Evans.

    Three on the Trail. 1936. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Muriel Evans, George Hayes

    Heart of the West. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jimmy Ellison, Lynn Gabriel, George Hayes.

    King of the Royal Mounted. 1936. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Robert Kent, Rosalind Keith, Jack Luden.

    Wild Brian Kent. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal/RKO. Ralph Bellamy, Mae Clarke.

    Secret Valley. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Richard Arlen, Virginia Grey.

    It Happened Out West. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Paul Kelly, Judith Allen.

    Western Gold. 1937. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Smith Ballew, Heather Angel.

    The Showdown. 1940. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Russell Hayden, Britt Wood, Jane Clayton.

    In Old Colorado. 1941. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Russell Hayden, Margaret Hayes, Andy Clyde.

    Twilight on the Trail. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Wanda McKay, Brad King.

    Outlaws of the Desert. 1941. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. William Boyd, Jean Phillips, Andy Clyde, Brad King.

    Riders of the Badlands. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Russell Hayden, Kay Hugues.

    West of Tombstone. 1942. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Russell Hayden, Marcella Martin.

    Below the Border. 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Linda Brent, Raymond Hatton.

    Ghost Town Law. 1942. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Virginia Carpenter, Raymond Hatton.

    Down Texas Way (La ley del norte). 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Luana Walters, Raymond Hatton.

    Riders of the West. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Christine McIntyre, Raymond Hatton.

    West of the Law. 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Evelyn Cooke, Raymond Hatton.

    Pirates of the Prairie (El terror de Oklahoma). 1942. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Cliff Edwards, Nell O’Day.

    Dawn of the Great Divide. 1942. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Raymond Hatton, Mona Barrie.

    Carson City Cyclone. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Lynn Merrick, Emmett Lynn.

    Santa Fe Scouts. 1943. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Tom Tyler, Lois Collier, Jimmie Dodd.

    Riders of the Rio Grande. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Tom Tyler, Lorraine Miller, Jimmie Dodd.

    Fugitive from Sonora. 1943. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Lynn Merrick, Wally Vernon.

    Beyond the Last Frontier. 1943. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Eddie Dew, Smiley Burnette, Lorraine Miller.

    Bordertown Gun Fighters. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Anne Jeffreys, George Hayes.

    The Man from the Rio Grande. 1943. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Nancy Gay, Wally Vernon.

    Wagon Tracks West. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Anne Jeffreys, George Hayes.

    Hidden Valley Outlaws. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Anne Jeffreys, George Hayes.

    Outlaws of Santa Fe. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Helen Talbot, Wally Vernon.

    The San Antonio Kid. 1944. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Linda Stirling, Bob Blake.

    Law of the Valley. 1944. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Lynne Carver.

    The Navajo Trail. 1945. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Jennifer Holt.

    The Topeka Terror. 1945. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Linda Stirling, Roy Barcroft.

    Gun Smoke. 1945. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Jennifer Holt.

    Renegades of the Rio Grande. 1945. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Rod Cameron, Jennifer Holt, Fuzzy Knight.

    Ridin’ Down the Trail. 1947. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Beverly Jons.

    Where the North Begins. 1947. 42 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Russell Hayden, Jennifer Holt.

    Trail of the Mounties. 1947. 42 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Russell Hayden, Jennifer Holt.

    Triggerman. 1948. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Virginia Carroll.

    Night Raiders. 1952. 51 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Whip Wilson, Fuzzy Knight, Lois Hall.

1893-1987

   Debuta en el cine como especialista para Edison en los anos 10 del pasado siglo, antes de convertirse en ayudante de direccion de George Seitz y, despues, en realizador de seriales. En el ano 35 empieza a trabajar para Columbia, dirigiendo westerns, uno detras de otro, a un ritmo frenetico. Durante las decadas de los 40 y 50 se convierte en el gran especialista de Hollywood en seriales, para Republic y para Columbia, llegando a dirigir para esta el que historicamente se considera el ultimo de ellos, Blazing the Overland Trail, en 1956. Como tantos otros, termino dando con sus huesos en la television. La ultima frontera (The Black Ghost) es una version reducida, para un unico largometraje, del serial The Last Frontier.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Rogue of the Rio Grande. 1930. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Jose Bohr, Myrna Loy.

    The Last Frontier (co-d.: Thomas L. Storey). 1932. 213 minutos. 12 capitu los. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Lon Chaney, Jr., Dorothy Gulliver.

    The Black Ghost (La ultima frontera) (co-d.: Thomas L. Storey). 1932. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Lon Chaney, Jr., Dorothy Gulliver.

    Jaws of Justice. 1933. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal Pictures. Jack Perrin, Ruth Sullivan.

    Ferocious Pal. 1934. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Principal Pictures. Ruth Sullivan, Tom London.

    Western Courage. 1935. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Geneva Mitchell, Charles K. French.

    Lawless Riders. 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Geneva Mitchell, Harry Woods, Frank Yaconelli.

    Heir to Trouble. 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Joan Perry, Harry Woods.

    The Cattle Thief (El cuatrero). 1936. 50 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Geneva Mitchell, Ward Bond.

    Avenging Waters (El torrente vengador). 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Beth Marion, Ward Bond.

    Heroes of the Range. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, June Gale, Harry Woods.

    The Fugitive Sheriff (El sheriff vindicado). 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Ken Maynard, Beth Marion, Walter Miller.

    The Unknown Ranger. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Martha Tibbetts.

    Rio Grande Ranger. 1936. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Iris Meredith.

    Ranger Courage. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Martha Tibbetts.

    Law of the Ranger. 1937. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Elaine Shepard.

    Reckless Ranger. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Louise Small, Jack Perrin.

    The Rangers Step In. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Larry Darmour (Columbia). Bob Allen, Eleanor Stewart.

    Across the Plains. 1939. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Joyce Bryant, Frank Yaconelli.

    Riders of the Frontier. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tex Ritter, Jean Joyce, Jack Rutherford.

    Oklahoma Terror. 1939. 50 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Virginia Carroll, Al St John.

    Westbound Stage. 1939. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tex Ritter, Muriel Evans.

    Cowboy from Sundown. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tex Ritter, Pauline Haddon, Roscoe Ates.

    Ridin’ the Cherokee Trail. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tex Ritter, Betty Miles, Slim Andrews.

    Arizona Bound. 1941. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Luana Walters, Raymond Hatton.

    The Gunman from Bodie. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Christine McIntyre, Raymond Hatton.

    The Valley of Vanishing Men. 1942. 280 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Bill Elliott, Carmen Morales, Slim Summerville.

    Calling Wild Bill Elliott. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Ann Jeffreys, George Hayes.

    Canyon City. 1943. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Helen Talbot, Wally Vernon.

    California Joe. 1943. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Don Barry, Helen Talbot, Wally Vernon.

    Beneath Western Skies. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Smiley Burnette, Effie Laird.

    Mojave Firebrand. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Anne Jeffreys, George Hayes.

    Tucson Raiders. 1944. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Peggy Stewart, George Hayes, Bob Blake.

    Code of the Prairie. 1944. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Smiley Burnette, Sunset Carson, Peggy Stewart.

    Zorro’ Black Whip (Latigo negro) (co-d.: Wallace Grissell). 1944. 211 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. George J. Lewis, Linda Stirling.

    The Lone Texas Ranger. 1945. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Helen Talbot, Bob Blake.

    The Phantom Rider (co-d.: Fred C. Brannon). 1946. 167 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Kent, Peggy Stewart.

    King of the Forest Rangers (co-d.: Fred Brannon). 1946. 167 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Larry Thompson, Helen Talbot.

    Son of Zorro (co-d.: Fred C. Brannon). 1947. 180 minutos. 13 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. George Turner, Peggy Stewart.

    Cody of the Pony Express. 1950. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Jock O’Mahoney, Peggy Stewart, Dickie Moore.

    Roar of the Iron Horse, Rail-Blazer of the Apache Trail (co-d.: Thomas Carr). 1950. 260 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Jock O’Mahoney, Virginia Herrick.

    Brave Warrior. 1952. 73 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Jon Hall, Christine Larson.

    Son of Geronimo: Apache Avenger. 1952. 240 minutos. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Clayton Moore, Rodd Redwing, Eileen Rowe.

    Gunfighters of the Northwest. 1954. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Jock O’Mahoney, Phyllis Coates, Clayton Moore.

    Riding with Buffalo Bill. 1954. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Marshall Reed, Rick Vallin, Joanne Rio.

    Perils of the Wilderness. 1956. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Dennis Moore, Richard Emory, Eve Anderson (Evelyn Finley).

    Blazing the Overland Trail. 1956. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Lee Roberts, Dennis Moore, Norma Brooks.

    Requiem for a Gunfighter. 1965. 91 minutos. Technicolor. Techniscope. Embassy. Rod Cameron, Stephen McNally, Olive Sturgess.

    The Bounty Killer. 1965. 92 minutos. Technicolor. Techniscope. Embassy. Dan Duryea, Audrey Dalton, Rod Cameron.

1896-1941

   La verdadera carrera profesional de David Howard empieza con El valle de las sorpresas, primera de sus colaboraciones con el actor George O’Brien, de cuya filmografia se responsabilizara casi en su totalidad, en la Fox y luego en RKO. Llega a la direccion desde el escalon inferior de ayudante de direccion. Dirige, sobre todo, westerns, sin desviarse de los criterios imperantes en el genero en los anos treinta: peliculas de una hora de duracion, aproximadamente, interpretadas por alguna de las estrellas del western de serie B. En este caso, el privilegiado, como se ha dicho, es George O’Brien.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    El ultimo de los Vargas. 1930. 61 minutos. Blanco y negro. Fox. George J. Lewis, Luana Alcaniz.

    La gran jornada. Version en espanol de The Big Trail, pelicula dirigida por Raoul Walsh. Interpretada por George J. Lewis y Carmen Guerrero.

    The Rainbow Trail (El valle de las sorpresas). 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Cecilia Parker.

    Mystery Ranch (La hacienda misteriosa). 1932. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Cecilia Parker.

    The Golden West (El dorado Oeste). 1932. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Janet Chandler.

    Robbers’ Roost (La cueva de los bandidos) (co-d.: Louis King). 1933. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Maureen O’Sullivan.

    Smoke Lightning (Justa retribucion). 1933. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Nell O’Day.

    In Old Santa Fe (En un rancho de Santa Fe). 1934. 64 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Ken Maynard, Evalyn Knapp, George Hayes, Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette.

    Whispering Smith Speaks. 1935. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Irene Ware.

    Thunder Mountain (El monte atronador). 1935. 1968 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Barbara Fritchie.

    O’Malley of the Mounted. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Irene Ware.

    The Mine with the Iron Door. 1936. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Richard Arlen, Cecilia Parker.

    The Border Patrolman. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. George O’Brien, Polly Ann Young.

    Daniel Boone. 1936. 77 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Heather Angel.

    Park Avenue Logger. 1937. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Beatrice Roberts, Ward Bond.

    Gun Law. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Rita Oehmen.

    Border G-Man. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Laraine Day.

    The Painted Desert. 1938. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Laraine Day, Fred Kohler.

    The Renegade Ranger. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Rita Hayworth, Tim Holt.

    Lawless Valley. 1938. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Kay Sutton, Fred Kohler.

    Arizona Legion. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Laraine Day.

    Trouble in Sundown. 1939. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Cy Kendall, Rosalind Keith, Ward Bond.

    Timber Stampede. 1939. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Marjorie Reynolds, Chill Wills.

    The Marshal of Mesa City. 1939. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Virginia Vale.

    The Fighting Gringo. 1939. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Lupita Tovar.

    Legion of the Lawless. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Virginia Vale.

    Bullet Code. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Virginia Vale.

    Prairie Law. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Virginia Vale.

    Triple Justice. 1940. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. George O’Brien, Virginia Vale.

    Six-Gun Gold. 1941. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Ray Whitley, Jan Clayton, Lee “Lasses” White.

    Dude Cowboy. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Marjorie Reynolds, Ray Whitley, Lee “Lasses” White.

1886-1949

   El prolifico Bradbury consiguio notoriedad mucho tiempo despues de realizar sus peliculas, cuando se recordo que el era, en lo esencial, el director de la famosa serie “Lone Star”, protagonizada por la futura estrella John Wayne. Ademas de eso, dirigio profusamente a su propio hijo, Bob Steele, uno de los grandes interpretes del western modesto y seriado de los anos 30. Por lo demas, sus argumentos son sencillos, con la intriga y la emocion justas, y una direccion, por lo general, rutinaria.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Dugan of the Badlands. 1931. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bill Cody, Blanche Mehaffey, Andy Shuford.

    Son of the Plains. 1931. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Syndicate. Bob Custer, Doris Philips.

    Law of the West (La ley del mas fuerte). 1932. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Bob Steele, Nancy Drexel.

    Riders of the Desert (Jinetes del desierto). 1932. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Bob Steele, Gertrude Messinger.

    Man from Hell’s Edges (El lobo). 1932. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Bob Steele, Nancy Drexel.

    Son of Oklahoma (Oro en el desierto). 1932. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Bob Steele, Carmen LaRoux.

    Hidden Valley. 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bob Steele, Gertrude Messinger.

    Texas Buddies (Venganza tejana). 1932. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Bob Steele, Nancy Drexel.

    Breed of the Border. 1933. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bob Steele, Marion Byron.

    The Gallant Fool. 1933. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bob Steele, Arletta Duncan.

    Galloping Romeo. 1933. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bob Steele, Doris Hill.

    Ranger’s Code. 1933. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Bob Steele, Doris Hill.

    Riders of Destiny (Raza de domadores/Jinetes del destino). 1933. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Cecilia Parker.

    The Lucky Texan. 1934. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Barbara Sheldon.

    West of the Divide. 1934. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Virginia Brown Faire.

    Blue Steel. 1934. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Eleanor Hunt.

    The Man from Utah. 1934. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Polly Ann Young.

    The Star Packer (El vengador legal). 1934. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Verna Hillie.

    The Trail Beyond. 1934. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Verna Hillie.

    The Lawless Frontier. 1934. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Sheila Terry.

    Big Calibre (Balas vengadoras). 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Peggy Campbell.

    Western Justice. 1935. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Renee Borden.

    Kid Courageous (El camino de la muerte/El deporte salvador). 1934. 62 min. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Renee Borden, Arthur Loft.

    No Man’s Range. 1935. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Roberta Gale.

    Texas Terror. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Lucille Browne.

    Rainbow Valley. 1935. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Lucille Browne.

    Smokey Smith (Alias Humareda). 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Mary Kornman.

    Tombstone Terror. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Kay McCoy.

    The Dawn Rider. 1935. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram/Lone Star. John Wayne, Marion Burns.

    Westward Ho. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Sheila Mannors.

    Rider of the Law (El paladin de la ley). 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Gertrude Messinger.

    Between Men. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Beth Marion.

    Lawless Range. 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Sheila Mannors.

    Alias John Law. 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Roberta Gale.

    Courageous Avenger. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Helen Erickson.

    Trail of Terror (Huellas de terror). 1935. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Beth Marion.

    Valley of the Lawless (El valle siniestro). 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Johnny Mack Brown, Joyce Compton.

    The Kid Ranger. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Joan Barclay.

    Sundown Saunders. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Catherine Cotter (Marie Burton).

    Last of the Warrens. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Margaret Marquis, Charles King.

    The Law Rides. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Harley Wood, Charles King.

    Brand of the Outlaws. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Margaret Marquis.

    Cavalry. 1936. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Frances Grant.

    Headin’ for the Rio Grande. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Eleanor Stewart.

    The Gun Ranger. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Eleanor Stewart.

    Trouble in Texas (El heroe de Texas). 1937. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Rita Hayworth.

    Hittin’ the Trail. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Jerry Bergh.

    The Trusted Outlaw. 1937. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bob Steele, Lois January.

    Sing, Cowboy, Sing. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Louise Stanley.

    Riders of the Rockies. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Tex Ritter, Louise Stanley.

    Riders of the Dawn. 1937. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Peggy Keyes.

    God’s Country and the Man. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tom Keene, Betty Compton.

    Stars Over Arizona. 1937. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Kathleen Elliott.

    Where Trails Divide. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tom Keene, Eleanor Stewart.

    Danger Valley. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Lois Wilde, Charles King.

    Romance of the Rockies. 1937. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tom Keene, Beryl Wallace, Bill Cody, Jr.

    Forbidden Trails. 1941. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Buck Jones, Tim McCoy, Christine McIntyre, Raymond Hatton.

1886-1966

   Actor, guionista y director de origen canadiense, rueda mas de cien peliculas, entre mudas y sonoras. Una parte importante de su produccion, hasta un total de 33 titulos en diez anos, la constituyen peliculas del oeste de una hora de duracion, protagonizadas por algunos de los heroes del genero de los anos 30. Ninguna de ellas tiene la menor trascendencia en la historia del western. Hill tenia fama de acabar sus peliculas en el tiempo previsto y por debajo del presupuesto asignado.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    Heroes of the Flames. 1931. 240 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Tim McCoy, Marion Shockley.

    Sundown Trail (El centauro de Cheyenne). 1931. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO-Pathe. Tom Keene, Marion Shilling.

    Come on Danger! (A mi los valientes). 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Julie Haydon.

    The Cheyenne Kid. 1933. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Mary Mason.

    The Crimson Paradise. 1933. 50 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Northern. Nick Stuart, Lucille Browne.

    A Demon for Trouble. 1934. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Supreme. Bob Steele, Gloria Shea.

    Outlaw’s Highway. 1934. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Trop. Jack King, Del Morgan, Bonita Baker.

    Frontier Days. 1934. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Bill Cody, Ada Ince.

    Cowboy Holiday. 1934. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beacon/Alexander. Guinn Williams, Janet Chandler.

    Six Gun Justice. 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Bill Cody, Ethel Jackson.

    Cyclone Ranger. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Bill Cody, Nina Quartero.

    The Texas Rambler. 1935. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Bill Cody, Catherine Cotter (Marie Burton).

    Vanishing Riders. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Bill Cody, Ethel Jackson.

    Danger Trails. 1935. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Beacon/Alexander. Guinn Williams, Marjorie Gordon.

    Rio Grande Romance. 1936. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Edward J. Nugent, Maxine Doyle.

    Too Much Beef. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Rex Bell, Constante Bergen, Horace Murphy.

    West of Nevada. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Rex Bell, Joan Barclay, Al St. John.

    The Idaho Kid. 1936. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Rex Bell, Marion Shilling.

    Men of the Plains. 1936. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Rex Bell, Joan Barclay.

    Rip Roarin’ Buckaroo. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tom Tyler, Beth Marion.

    Law and Lead. 1936. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Colony. Rex Bell, Harley Wood.

    The Phantom of the Range. 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tom Tyler, Beth Marion.

    Cheyenne Rides Again. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tom Tyler, Lucille Browne.

    The Roaming Cowboy (A tiro limpio). 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Lois January, Al St. John.

    The Feud of the Trail. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tom Tyler, Harley Wood.

    Mystery Range. 1937. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Victory. Tom Tyler, Jerry Bergh.

    The Painted Trail. 1938. 50 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tom Keene, Elaine Stewart.

    Whirlwind Horseman. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Grand National. Ken Maynard, Joan Barclay.

    Man’s Country. 1938. 53 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Marjorie Reynolds, Ralph Peters.

    Wild Horse Canyon. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Dorothy Short, Frank Yaconelli.

    Drifting Westward. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Edna Duran, Frank Yaconelli.

    Overland Mail. 1939. 51 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Jean Joyce, Vince Barnett.

    Wanderers of the West. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Tom Keene, Sugar Dawn, Betty Miles.

1895-1964

   B.B. Ray, Franklyn Shamray, Ray Bernard, Raymond Samuels y Raymond K. Johnson son seudonimos utilizados por este prolifico director, que fue tambien productor, guionista y hasta director de fotografia en alguna ocasion; Bernard B. Ray es uno de los fun dadores de Re liable Pictures, para quien dirigio un buen punado de peliculas y, en particular, un buen punado de westerns. En su filmografia aparecen Jack Perrin, Tom Tyler, Bob Custer, Rex Lease, Addison o Jack Randall, Fred Scott, es decir, algunos de los mas importantes heroes del western de los anos 30. Las peliculas de Ray no son hermosas ni importantes, pero tampoco destacan negativamente de sus hermanas de genero, con los mismos actores, dirigidas por otros mu chos realizadores intercambiables con el.

   FILMOGRAFIA

    West of the Rockies (Raymond Johnson). 1931. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Syndicate. Ben Lyon, Marie Prevost, Gladys Johnston.

    Mystery Ranch (El rancho del misterio). 1934. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Roberta Gale, Jack Perrin, Louise Gabo.

    Rawhide Mail. 1934. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Jack Perrin, Nelson McDowell, Lillian Gilmore, Lafe McKee.

    Loser’s End. 1934. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Jack Perrin, Tina Menard, Frank Rice.

    Coyote Trails. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Alice Dahl, Ben Corbett.

    Silent Valley. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Nancy Deshon, Al Bridge, Wally Wales.

    The Silver Bullet. 1935. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Jayne Regan, Charles King, Lafe McKee.

    The Test. 1935. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Monte Blue, Grace Ford, Grant Whiters.

    Rio Rattler (Franklin Shamray). 1935. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Marion Shilling, Eddie Gribbon.

    Texas Jack. 1935. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Jack Perrin, Jayne Regan, Nelson McDowell, Budd Buster.

    Ridin’ On. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Joan Barclay, Rex Lease.

    Caryl of the Mounties. 1936. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Francis X. Bushman, Lois Wilde.

    Roamin’ Wild. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Tom Tyler, Carol Wyndham, Max Davidson, Al Ferguson.

    Ambush Valley (Franklin Shamray). 1936. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Bob Custer, Victoria Vinton, Wally Wales.

    Vengeance of Rannah (Raymond Samuels). 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Bob Custer, Victoria Vinton, John Elliott.

    Santa Fe Rides (Raymond Samuels). 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Bob Custer, Eleanor Stewart, Ed Cassidy.

    The Silver Trail (Raymond Samuels). 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Reliable. Rex Lease, Mary Russell, Ed Cassidy.

    Code of the Fearless (Raymond K. Johnson). 1939. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Claire Rochelle, John Merton.

    In Old Montana (Raymond K. Johnson). 1939. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Jean Carmen, John Merton.

    Smoky Trails. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Metropolitan. Bob Steele, Jean Carmen, Ted Adams.

    Two Gun Troubador (Raymond K. Johnson). 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Claire Rochelle, John Merton.

    The Cheyenne Kid (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Addison Randall, Louise Stanley, Frank Yaconelli.

    Covered Wagon Trails (Raymond K. Jonson). 1940. 52 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Sally Cairns, Budd Buster.

    Pinto Canyon (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Metropolitan. Bob Steele, Louise Stanley, Ted Adams.

    Land of the Six Guns (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Louise Stanley, Glenn Strange.

    The Kid from Santa Fe (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Clarene Curtis, Jimmy Aubrey.

    Riders from Nowhere (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Margaret Roach, Ernie Adams.

    Wild Horse Range (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Jack Randall, Phyllis Ruth, Frank Yaconelli.

    Ridin’ the Trail (Raymond K. Johnson). 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Spectrum. Fred Scott, Iris Lancaster, Harry Harvey.

    Law of the Wolf (Raymond K. Johnson). 1941. 55 min. Blanco y Ne gro. Metropolitan. Dennis Moore, Luana Walters, Jack Ingram, Robert Frazer.

    Buffalo Bill Rides Again. 1947. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Richard Arlen, Jennifer Holt, John Dexter, Ted Adams.

    Hollywood Barn Dance. 1947. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Screen Guild. Ernest Tubb, Lori Nelson, Helen Boyce, Earle Hodgins.

    Timber Fury. 1950. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Eagle Lion. David Bruce, Laura Lee, George Slocum.

    Buffalo Bill in Tomahawk Territory. 1952. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Jack Schwarz (UA). Clayton Moore, Slim Andrews, Sharon Dexter, Tom Hubbard.

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

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The son of Stephen (or Steven) Austin, a farmer of Wentworth, Yorkshire, he was educated at Rotherham Grammar School and then went to Australia with an uncle in 1884. There he became apprenticed as an engineer at the Langlands Foundry in Melbourne. He moved to the Wolseley Sheep Shearing Company, and soon after became its Manager; in 1893 he returned to England, where he became Production Manager to the English branch of the same company in Birmingham. The difficulties of travel in Australia gave him an idea of the advantages of motor-driven vehicles, and in 1895 he produced the first Wolseley car. In 1901 he was appointed to the Wolseley board, and from 1911 he was Chairman.

His first car was a three-wheeler. An improved model was soon available, and in 1901 the Wolseley company took over the machine tool and motor side of Vickers Sons and Maxim and traded under the name of the Wolseley Tool and Motor Car Company. Herbert Austin was the General Manager. In 1905 he decided to start his own company and formed the Austin Motor Company Ltd, with works at Longbridge, near Birmingham. With a workforce of 270, the firm produced 120 cars in 1906; by 1914 a staff of 2,000 were producing 1,000 cars a year. The First World War saw production facilities turned over to the production of aeroplanes, guns and ammunition.

Peacetime brought a return to car manufacture, and 1922 saw the introduction of the 7 hp "Baby Austin", a car for the masses. Many other models followed. By 1937 the original Longbridge factory had grown to 220 acres, and the staff had increased to over 16,000, while the number of cars produced had grown to 78,000 per year.

Herbert Austin was a philanthropist who endowed many hospitals and not a few universities; he was created a Baron in 1936.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.

With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.

In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.

Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.