ὀροῦσαι

ὀρούσαῑ, ὀρούω

dart: aor opt act 3rd sg

ὀρούσαῑ, ὀρούω

dart: aor opt act 3rd sg

ὀρούω

dart: aor inf act

ὀρούω

dart: aor inf act

ὄρουσι, ὄρουσις

fem voc sg

ὄρουσαι, ὀρούω

dart: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

ὄρουσα, ὀρούω

dart: aor ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

ὄρουσε, ὀρούω

dart: aor ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ὄρουσι, ὄρουσις

fem voc sg

ὄρουσαι, ὀρούω

dart: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

ὄρουσα, ὀρούω

dart: aor ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

ὄρουσε, ὀρούω

dart: aor ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

κοῦφος, η, ον,

A light, nimble, Hom. only in neut. pl. as Adv., κοῦφα ποσὶ προβιβάς stepping lightly on, Il.13.158, cf. Hes.Sc. 323;

κοῦφα βιβῶν Pi.O.14.16

;

κ. ποσὶν ἄγ' ἐς κύκλον Ar.Th. 954

(lyr.); also

κούφοις ποσί Pi.O.13.114

;

κουφοτάταις πτερύγων ἀκμαῖς Ar.Ra. 1353

;

πήδημα κ. ἐκ νεὼς ἀφήλατο A.Pers. 305

;

κ. ἐξᾶραι πόδα S.Ant. 224

;

κ. ἅλμα E.El. 439

(lyr.);

κ. αἴρειν βῆμα Id.Tr. 343

;

οὐ τοῖς κούφοις ὁ δρόμος LXX Ec.9.11

: metaph., κουφότεραι.. ἀπειράτων φρένες too buoyant, Pi.O. 8.61.

2 metaph., easy, light, τελεῖν.. κούφαν κτίσιν to make achievement easy, ib.13.83;

κ. εἰ δοίης τέλος A.Th. 260

; κ. νύξ an easier night, of a sick person, Jul.Mis. 342a ([comp] Comp.);

περίπατος Sor.1.46

;

τὸ ὅσιον ἅπαν κ. ἔργον OGI383.120

(Nemrud Dagh, i B. C.); of government, light, κουφοτέραν βασιλείαν less oppressive, Isoc.9.51;

ἡ εὔκλεια κουφοτέρα φέρειν X.Cyr.8.2.22

; of an antagonist, easy-going,

κουφότατος ἦν κρατήσας Id.Ages.11.12

;

δεσπότην ἀπράγμονα καὶ κ. ἐξαπατᾷ θεράπων Men.Per.Fr.1

.

3 unsubstantial, airy, vain,

τὸ νέον.. κούφας ἀφροσύνας φέρον S.OC 1230

(lyr.);

οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν.. κούφην σκιάν Id.Aj. 126

;

ἐλπίδος τι εἶχον κούφης Th.2.51

;

κ. καὶ πτηνοὶ λόγοι Pl.Lg. 717c

; κ. πρᾶγμα a trifle, ib. 935a; κ. γράμματα a small letter, E.IT 594; of persons, = κουφόνους, Hdn.5.7.1; τὸ κοῦφον τοῦ νοῦ levity, Paus.5.21.14, cf. Hdn.7.8.6.

4 light in point of weight, opp. βαρύς, Pl. Phlb. 14d, R. 438c ([comp] Comp.), etc.; κούφα σοι χθὼν ἐπάνωθε πέσοι may earth lie lightly on thee, E.Alc. 462 (lyr.), cf. Hel. 853;

κούφη σοι κόνις ἥδε πέλοι IG14.1942.4

; κούφη σεῖο γαῖ' ὀστέα κεύθοι ib.329 ([place name] Himera); κ. πνεύματα light airs, S.Aj. 558;

ὀστᾶ τε καὶ κ. κόνις Men.538.3

;

τὸ κουφότατον.. τῶν κακῶν.. πενία Id.Kith.Fr.2

.

b Medic. in various uses, σικύαι κοῦφαι dry cuppings, Philum. ap. Orib.45.29.17, cf. Sor.2.11, etc.; also κούφου μένοντος τοῦ ἰοῦ on the surface, Philum.Ven.7.3; μὴν κ. the eighth month of pregnancy, Sor.1.56; of food, easy to digest, light, Arist.EN 1141b18, etc.

c of troops, light-armed,

οἱ κ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν Hell.Oxy.6.4

;

ὡπλισμένοι κουφοτέροις ὅπλοις X. Mem.3.5.27

;

κούφη στρατιά Plu.Fab.11

;

τὰ κ. τῆς δυνάμεως Plb.10.25.2

.

d of ships, lightly-laden, Th.6.37, 8.27.

5 light, slight,

ἁμαρτήματα Pl.Lg. 863c

; κουφότερα γυμνάσια, opp. ἀναγκαῖα, Arist. Pol. 1338b40; κ. ἐργασίαι ib. 1321a25.

6 empty,

κεράμια Gp.7.24.2

, cf. PLond.5.1656.6 (iv A. D.), PFlor.314.8(v. A. D.): hence as Subst., κοῦφον (sc. κεράμιον), τό, jar, in pl., POxy.1631.16 (iii A. D.), PFay. 133.6 (iv A. D.), PStrassb.1.10 (vi A. D.).

7 [voice] Act., relieving, assisting,

χερὶ κούφᾳ Pi.P.9.11

: prob. to be taken in this sense in Theoc. 11.3.

II Adv. - φως lightly, nimbly,

κ. ὀροῦσαι A.Eu. 112

; κ. ἐσκευασμένοι, of soldiers, Th.4.33;

ὡπλισμένοι X.Mem.3.5.26

, etc.; κ. ἔχειν to be relieved, Arist.Pr. 873a16.

2 metaph., lightly, with light heart,

κουφότερον μετεφώνεε Od.8.201

;

κ. νοῆσαι Sapph.Supp. 5.14

; κ. φέρειν, opp. δεινῶς φ., E.Med. 449, 1018;

ὡς κουφότατα φέρειν Hdt.1.35

; διάγουσα κούφως doing well, of a patient, Hp.Epid.1.26.δ.

3 lightly, with ease, A.Pr. 701.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to stir, to rise, to run out, to hurry' esp. `to excite, to incite, to revive (Il.).

Other forms: Aor. ὠρόμην, - ετο, often and older athem. ὦρτο, ptc. ὄρμενος etc., fut. ὀροῦμαι, ὀρεῖται, perf. ὄρωρα; act. ὄρνυμι, also - ύω, aor. ὦρσα, redupl. 3. sg. ὤρορε, fut. ὄρσω, aor. pass. 3. pl. ὦρθεν (Corinn.). Besides ὀρούω, fut. ὀρούσω, in Hom. only aor. ὀροῦσαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ, ἀν-, ἐν-, ἐξ- `rise quickly, rush on' (Il.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ-, ὑπ-, ἀν-. -- As 1. member in governing compp. like ὀρσο-τρίαινα m. `wielder of the trident' (Pi.), ὀρσί-αλος `stirring the sea' (B.), PN as Όρσέ-λαος (Boeot.), Όρσί-λοχος (Il.) besides certainly nominal Όρτί-λοχος (Dor.); s. Schwyzer 442, Bechtel Hist.PN 353 f., Wackernagel Unt. 236 n. 1. As 2. member in the comp. κονι-ορ-τός (s. κόνις), in verbal adj. like θέ-ορ-τος `sprung from the gods' (Pi., A.), νέ-ορ-τος `newly arisen' (S.).

Derivatives: Only ὄρου-σις f. `rise, ὅρμησις, ὁρμή' (Stoic.), ὀρούματα ὁρμή- ματα, πηδήματα H.; remarkable ὀρσό-της, - ητος f. = ὁρμή (Critias), ὀρσί-της m. name of a Cret. dance (Ath.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [326] * h₃reu- `rise, set in movement'

Etymology: Its general o-vowel reminds of ὄρνυμι and ὄλλυμι, στόρνυμι, κορέννυμι a.o. and points to * h₃-. Traces of an ε-grade have been supposed in ἔρετο ὡρμήθη H. a.o. (s. ἐρέθω) as well as in Λα-έρ-της (s. λαός; cf. below). The general structure of the IE nu-verbs as well as the comparison with Skt. r̥-nó-ti `rise, move (onself)' give an original *ὄ῎ρ-νυ-μι ( *h₃r̥-n-(e)u-; not *αρνυμι). An orig. *ἴρνυμι with ι as reduced vowel as in κίρνημι (s. on κεράννυμι) Fick BB 29, 197 finds support in the Zeusepithet Έπιρνύτιος Ζεὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ H., what in spite of widespread agreement (Bechtel Lex. 252, WP. 1, 137, Schwyzer 352 a. 695) is to be called quite arbitrary. -- An analysis ὄρ-ν-υ-μι gives the possibility, to connect the aorist ὀροῦ-σαι (to which the later and rare ὀρούω) as o-coloured full grade (* h₃rou-; Persson Beitr. 1, 285; 2, 738; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374 w. n. 1 a. lit.); cf. further κρούω, κολούω a.o. (Schwyzer 683 w. lit.). -- Comparisons outside Greek do not help much: beyond the pair ὄρ-νυ-μι: r̥-ṇó-ti are to be mentioned from Skt.: ὦρτο: ā́rta, ὤρ-ε-το: ā́r-a-ta (certainly innovations), ὄρ-ωρα: ā́ra, ὦρσε: ārṣ-īt (gramm.). Heth. ar-nu-mi `move on, away or here' is phonetically uncertain and can also be connected with ἄρνυμαι (s. v.). For ὀρούω we compare Lat. ruō `fall down, hurry'. -- Further material (but not from a root "of moving" er-) in WP. 1, 136ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 326ff., W.-Hofmann s. orior and 1. ruō; older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. ὀρίνω and ὄρος, also 1. οὖρος.

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