παττάλιον

πασσάλιον, πασσάλιον

neut nom /voc /acc sg

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `trap', usu. (semitism) `temptation, scandal' (LXX, NT; PCair. Zen. 608, 7; III^a [- άνων gen. pl.]).

Derivatives: 1. σκανδαλ-ίζω `to tempt (to sin), to give offence, to annoy', - ίζομαι `to be tempted to sin, to take offence' (LXX, NT) with - ιστής m. des. of an acrobat, e.g. `trapeze-artist' ( SIG 847, 5; II<sup>p</sup>; on the meaning below); 2. - όω `id.' (Aq.). Besides σκανδάλ-η f. `stick of a trap' (Alciphr. 3, 21, 1: κρεᾳδιον τῆς σκανδάλης ἀπαρτήσας; reading not quite certain), - ος ἐμποδισμός H. -- σκανδάλ-ηθρον n. (Ar. Ach. 687: σκανδάληθρ' ἱστὰς ἐπῶν), after sch. ad loc. `the crooked stick in the trap' ( τὸ ἐν παῖς παγίσι ἐπικαμπες ξύλον), after Poll. 7, 114 `that which is bound with the cord' (τὸ τῃ̃ σπαρτίνῃ προσηρτημένον as opposed to παττάλιον = τὸ ἱστάμενόν τε καὶ σχαζόμενον [ τῆς μυάγρας]; Poll. 10, 156 σκανδάληθρον is identified with παττάλιον.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [not in Pok.], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: As instrument noun σκάνδαλον indicated prob. a suspended or free hanging down (piece of) wood (cf. πέτευρον, ῥόπτρον), from where developed in concreto both `loosenings, instrument (Germ. Stellholz) in an animal-trap' as `acrobat-bar' (from where σκανδαλιστής). From this σκανδάλ-ηθρον (on the formation Chantraine Form. 373 f.), prob. prop. of the trap (Germ. "Stellholzgerät") itself (thus most prob. in Ar.), but in use identified with σκάνδαλον, which referred to the trap (cf. Swed. giller `Stellholz, and the trap with it'). -- Of old (Pott, Bopp; s. Curtius 166) as IE connected with Lat. scandō `mount', Skt. skándati `jump, hop, hurry', MIr. perf. se-scaind `he jumped'; orig. meaning so `apparatus going off' (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 355 f.)? -- WP. 2, 540f., W.-Hofmann s. scandō; on σκάνδαλον further Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s. v. w. lit. (esp. G. Stählin Skandalon, Gütersloh 1930). -- The forms adduced seem to point to an IE word (* skend-, skond-), but the a-vocalism rather points to a Pre-Greek word; as does the meaning (technical instr., used by acrobats; cf. on κυβιστάω).

Page in Frisk: 2,717-718

σχάζω, Hp.Epid.6.5.15, Aff.4, X.HG5.4.58; also [full] σχάω, inf.

A

σχᾶν Pl.Com.127

,

κατα-σχᾶν Hp.Epid.7.76

; so [tense] impf. ἔσχων, Ar. Nu. 409; [ per.] 3pl.

ἔσχαζον Anon.

ap. Phryn.194; also

ἐσχάζοσαν Lyc. 21

: [tense] fut. σχάσω ([etym.] ἀπο-) Crates Com.41: [tense] aor.

ἔσχᾰσα Pi.P.10.51

, E.Tr. 811 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 740:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐσχασάμην ib. 107, Pl. Com.32:—[voice] Pass., [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres.

σχᾶται Hp.Art.30

: [tense] fut.

σχασθήσομαι LXX Am.3.5

: [tense] aor.

ἐσχάσθην Hp.Ulc.24

, Antisth. ap. Stob.3.18.26, etc.: [tense] pf. ἔσχασμαι in plant-name ἐσχασμένη, = ὀνοβρυχίς, Ps.-Dsc.3.153.

1 slit open so as to let something escape, οὐκ ἔσχων ἀμελήσας [τὴν γαστέρα] I carelessly forgot to slit the haggis, Ar.Nu. 409 (anap.); σ. φλέβα open a vein, Hp.Epid.6.5.15, X.HG 5.4.58, Plu.Ages.27, etc.;

ἐκ βραχιόνων τὰς φλέβας Arr.Fr.168J.

(so σ. τὸ φλεγμαῖνον μόριον lance the boil, Gal.11.119); freq. also without φλέβα, Aret.CA2.7, etc.; σ. ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶτταν bleed it under the tongue, Arist.HA 603b15; σ. τὸν ἀγκῶνα, i.e. bleed in the arm, Hp.Int.37;

τὴν κεφαλήν Id.Aff.2

: c. acc. cogn., σ. τομήν make an incision, Aret.CA1.7; αἷμα ς. Poll.2.215; τὸ πρωτόσφακτον ὅρκιον σχάσας slaying the.. victim, Lyc.329: metaph. in [voice] Pass., to be purged by bleeding, Antisth. ap. Stob.3.18.26.

2 open, ἐσχάσαμεν κάλυκας we (roses) have opened our buds, AP6.345 (Crin.);

στόμα Lyc.28

.

3 let go, σχάσας τὴν φροντίδα letting your mind go, relaxing your thought, Ar.Nu. 740; σχάσαντες τὴν ἀγκύλην τοῦ βρόχου slackening, Paul.Aeg.6.51; σ. τὰς μηχανάς let off the engines, Plu.Marc.15;

σχάσει τὴν χεῖρα, ὥστε ἀφεθῆναι τὸ βέλος Hero Spir.1.41

:—[voice] Pass., ἐσχάζετο αὐτόματον [τὸ βέλος] Ph. Bel.73.51, cf. 70.45, 78.31; - όμενον παττάλιον (in a mousetrap) Poll.7.114; εἰ σχασθήσεται παγὶς ἄνευ τοῦ συλλαβεῖν τι; LXX Am.3.5; ἔσχαστο ἡ ὕσπληξ the ὕσπληξ (

σχαστηρία 1

) had been let off, Hld.4.3; βαλβῖδα μηρίνθου σχάσας, i.e. starting the race, Lyc.13 ( = βαλβῖδος μήρινθον acc. to Sch.); κἀπὸ γῆς ἐσχάζοσαν ὕσπληγγας were starting off from shore, Id.21; of the jaw, ἐκπίπτει μὲν γνάθος ὀλιγάκις, σχᾶται μέντοι πολλάκις ἐν χάσμῃσι slips, Hp.Art.30 ( = χαλᾶται acc. to Paul.Aeg.6.112):—also [voice] Act., of the surgeon, ἐξαπίνης σχάσαι let the jaw slip back into position, let it go, ibid. καὶ κατὰ παλαίστραν δὲ τὸ σχάσαι σημαίνει τὴν χεῖρα ταχέως ἄγειν πρὸς αὐτὴν (leg. αὑτὴν)

ἐκ τῆς ἔμπροσθεν θέσεως Gal.18(1).438

.

4 relax effort, cease an action, esp. rowing, κώπαν σχάσον easy!, i.e. cease rowing, Pi.P.10.51, cf. E.Tr. 811 (lyr.), Call.Fr. 104; τί σιγᾷς γῆρυν ἄφθογγον σχάσας; E.Ph. 960; σχάσον δὲ δεινὸν ὄμμα καὶ θυμοῦ πνοάς ib. 454: abs., φοβοῦμαι μὴ σχάσῃ, νεναυσίακε γάρ I fear he may give up, BGU1097.4 (i A.D.):—[voice] Med., σχασάμενος τὴν ἱππικήν giving up horses, Ar.Nu. 107;

τὰς ὀφρῦς σχάσασθε καὶ τὰς ὄμφακας Pl.Com.32

(cf.

ὄμφαξ 11.3

).

5 let fall, drop,

τὴν οὐράν X.Cyn.3.5

; πεύκης ὀδόντας, i.e. the anchor, Lyc.99; λάθρᾳ κατὰ μηχανὰς σχασθέντων τῶν φραγμάτων Hippoloch. ap. Ath.4.130a.

6 cause to collapse,

θάλαμον σχάσε μῆνις AP9.422

(Apollonid.); σχάσας.. ἐν πέδῳ γόνυ, i.e. kneel down, Sammelb.5629.3 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Pass., μήπω σχασθῇ lest the dyke collapse, PLond.1.131.243 (i A.D., abbrev.).

7 metaph., cause to collapse or fail, foil, πῦρ.., λεόντων.. ὄνυχας, ἀκμὰν καὶ δεινοτάτων σχάσαις ὀδόντων, of Peleus subduing the metamorphosed Thetis, Pi.N.4.64;

φεῦ, οἵαισιν ἐν φροντίσι Κνώσιον ἔσχασεν στραταγέταν B.16.121

.