κεκοπώς

κόπτω

cut: perf part act masc nom sg (epic)

κόπτω, Od.18.28, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

κόψω Hippon.83

, Men.Pk.64, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔκοψα, [dialect] Ep.

κόψα Il.13.203

: [tense] pf. κέκοφα (ἐκ-) X.HG6.5.37, ( περι-) Lys.14.42, ( συγ-) Pl.Tht. 169b; [dialect] Ep. part.

κεκοπώς Il.13.60

(v.l. -φώς, -πών), Od.18.335:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

κόψομαι LXX Ez.6.9

: [tense] aor.

ἐκοψάμην Hdt.4.166

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. κεκόψομαι ( ἀπο-) Ar.Nu. 1125, (ἐκ-) Id.Ra. 1223, ( κατα-) X.An.1.5.16,

κοπήσομαι LXX Je.8.2

, Gal.13.759: [tense] aor.

ἐκόπην A.Ag. 1278

, Ar.Ra. 723, Th.8.13: [tense] pf.

κέκομμαι A.Pers. 683

:— cut, strike,

1 smite,

ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Od.18.335

: c. dupl. acc., κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον smote him on the cheek, Il.23.690.

2 smite with weapons,

κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Od.8.528

;

τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες Hdt.6.113

: metaph. in [voice] Pass., with play on words,

αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν AP11.335

.

3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet,

κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Il.17.521

, cf. Od.14.425, X.An.2.1.6; in Trag., A.Ag. 1278, Eu. 635, E.El. 838.

4 cut off, chop off,

κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Il.13.203

;

χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον Od.22.477

;

κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις X.An.4.6.26

; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Th.2.75, X. HG5.2.39,43; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in [voice] Pass., of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Th.4.14,8.13:—metaph.,

φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.Ag. 479

(lyr.); τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Theoc.21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Arist.Mete. 367a10.

5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster,

κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Il.10.513

; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (sc. Αἴαντε)

κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13.60

.

6 hammer, forge,

κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς 18.379

, Od.8.274; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money,

κ. νόμισμα IG12(5).480.11

(Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph.4, Hdt.3.56:—[voice] Med., coin oneself money, order to be coined,

κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Id.1.94

, cf. 4.166:—[voice] Pass., of money, to be stamped or coined, [

νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Ar.Ra. 723

, cf. 726.

7 knock or rap at,

τὴν θύραν Id.Nu. 132

, Pl. 1097, And. 1.41, X.HG5.4.7, Men.Epit. 538, Phld.Vit.p.30 J., Plu.Alc.8, etc.; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις; Ar.Ec. 976.

8 pound, bray in a mortar,

κυπἐρου κεκομμένου Hdt.4.71

; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Alex.127.4; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX 3 Ki.5.11.

9 knock, dash about,

τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Pl.Ti. 60b

;

κόνις.. κοπτομένη.. ὑφ' ἅρμασι Hes. Sc.63

;

θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς Theoc.22.16

.

10 of birds, peck, Arist.HA 609b5; ὁ ἁλιάετος.. τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, ib. 593b24; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Arat.449; of fish, gnaw, Arist.HA 620b17; of a snake, strike, Il.12.204:—[voice] Pass., of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Thphr.HP3.18.5, 8.11.2.

b munch, masticate, dub. in Chionid.6.

11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, X.Eq.1.4:—[voice] Pass., ib.8.7, Hp.Aër.21.

12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Alex.13; set, sharpen, Herod.6.84:—[voice] Med., AP 11.253 (Lucill.).

13 metaph., tire out, weary,

μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. D.Prooem.29

, cf. Alciphr.2.3;

λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν.., ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesipp.1.3

, cf. Sosip.1.20;

μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα Alex.173.12

;

κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν D.H.Comp.19

;

κ. τὰ ὦτα Poll.6.119

;

κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plu.Phoc.7

, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—[voice] Pass., to be worn out,

κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις D.2.16

.

II [voice] Med. κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief,

κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Il.22.33

, cf. Hdt.2.121.δ (also [voice] Act. τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν; Men.Her.4);

κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα Hdt.6.58

(with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): abs., Pl.Phd. 60b, R. 619c: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., [

πόλις] κέκοπται A.Pers. 683

:—[voice] Act. c. acc. cogn.,

ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Id.Ch. 423

(lyr.).

2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one,

κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν Ar.Lys. 396

, cf. Ev.Luc.8.52; but also

ἐπί τινα Apoc.1.7

, 18.9 (v.l. αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Lat. capo 'capon', perh. σκέπαρνον.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `strike, smite, hew, hammer, disable, tire out'

Other forms: Aor. κόψαι (Il.), pass. κοπῆναι (Att.), perf. κέκοφα (Att.), ep. ptc. κεκοπώς (Ν 60 with v. l. - φώς and - πών; Aeol.? Schwyzer 772; after Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 397 rather themat. aor.), midd. κέκομμαι (A.), fut. κόψω (Alc., Hippon.),

Compounds: very often with prefix in several meaning variants, e. g. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, προ-, περι-, συν-.

Derivatives: (Classif. not always clear): 1. κόπος prop. *`stroke' (so in E. Tr. 794 for trad. κτύπος?; cf. also A. Ch. 23), `pain, trouble, labour' (IA.); with κοπώδης `tiring' (Hp., Arist., hell.), κοπηρός `id.' (Hdn.); κοπόομαι, - όω `get tired, tire' (J., Plu. usw.) with κόπωσις (LXX), κοπάζω `get tired, leave off' (Ion. hell.) with κόπασμα (Tz.), κοπιάω ( ἐγ-, συγ-, προ-) `get tired' (IA.) with κοπιαρός `tiring' (Arist., Thphr.), κοπιάτης `land-labourer, digger' (Cod. Theod., Just.), κοπιώδης = κοπώδης (Hp., Arist.), κοπίαι ἡσυχίαι H. - 2. ( ἀπο-, ἐκ-, παρα-, προ- etc.) κοπή `hewing etc.' (IA.) with κόπαιον (Alciphr.), κοπάδιον (Gloss.) `piece', κοπάριον `sort of probe' (medic.), ( ἐγ-, ἐκ-)κοπεύς `oilstamper, chisel ' (hell.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 73). - 3. κόμμα ( διά-, ἀπό-, περί-) `cut in, stamp, part' (IA.) with κομμάτιον `small part' (Eup.), κομματίας `who speaks in short sentences' (Philostr.), - ατικός `consisting of short sentences' (Luc.); 4. κομμός `beat the breast, dirge' (A., Arist.). - 5. κόπις, - ιδος m. `prater' (Heraklit. 81 [?], E. Hec. 132 [lyr.], Lyc.), cf. ὠτοκοπεῖ κεφαλαλγει, ἐνοχλεῖ λαλῶν H., κόπτειν την ἀκρόασιν, δημο-κόπος = δημηγόρος (H.) etc. (Persson Beitr. 1, 162f.; s. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 48, v. Wilamowitz Herm. 62, 277f.; diff. on κόπις Pisani Acme 1, 324); here (or to κόπος?) κοπίζειν ψεύδεσθαι H.; 6. κοπίς, - ίδος f. `slaughtering knife, curved sabre' (Att.), also name of the meal on the first dayof the Hyacinthies in Sparta (Com.; cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 531) with κοπίζω `celebrate the K.' (Ath.); 7. κοπάς, - άδος f. `pruned, lopped' (Thphr.), `bush' (hell. pap.), ἐπι-κοπ-άς `land cleared of wood' (pap.). - 8. κοπετός = κομμός (Eup., LXX, Act. Ap.; from κόπος?; cf. Schwyzer 501 and Chantraine Formation 300). - 9. πρό-, ἀπό-, πρόσ-κοψις etc. from προ-κόπτειν etc. (Sapph., Hp., Arist.). - 10. κόπανον `slaughtering knife, axe' (A. Ch. 890), `pestle' (Eust.), from where κοπανίζω `pound' (LXX, Alex. Trall.) with κοπανισμός, κοπανιστήριον H.; ἐπικόπανον `chopping block' (hell.). - 11. κοπτός `pounded' (Cratin., Antiph.; cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 18); κοπτή ( σησαμίς) `cake from pounded sesame' (hell. ep.), `Meerzwiebel, θαλάσσιον πράσον' (Ath.; which Fur. 318 A 5 considers as Pre-Greek), `pastille' (Dsc.); 12. ἐπι-, περι-κόπτης `satirist' resp. `stonecutter' (Timo resp. pap.), Προκόπτας = Προκρούστης (B. 18, 28); 13. ( ἀπο-, παρα-, προσ- usw.) κοπτικός (medic.) - 14. κόπτρα pl. `wages of a hewer' (Pap.); 15. κοπτήριον `threshing place' (hell. pap.). - 16. Two plant-names: κοπίσκος = λίβανος σμιλιωτός (Dsc. 1, 68, 1), κόπηθρον φυτὸν λαχανῶδες ἄγριον H. - Further verbal nouns like ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, ὑπέρ-κοπος etc. and compounds like δημο-κόπος (cf. 5. above); s. Sturtevant ClassPhil. 3, 435ff.; on - κόπος, - κοπῶ in NGr. Hatzidakis Glotta 2, 292f.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] ?? [cf. 930] * kop- `strike, smite, hew'

Etymology: The present κόπτω can agree with Lith. kapiù (inf. kàpti) `hew, fell'; nasal present kampù (pret. kapaũ, inf. kàpti) `be cut down, get tired' (cf. κόπος `labour') and uncharacterized Alb. kep `hew', IE. * kopō (not * kapō); (acc. to Mann Lang. 26, 386 from *kopi̯ō, identical with κόπτω?). Further the secondary formation Lith. kapóju, -óti `hew, split, cut down' = Latv. kapãju, -ât `id.', also in Slav., e. g. Russ. kopájo, -átь `hew, dig'. The relation of these forms to the many words with initial sk-, e. g. σκάπτω, σκέπαρνος (s. vv.), is an unsolved question; cf. Pok. 930ff., and W.-Hofmann s. cāpō. - If to σκάπτω etc. the word might be Pre-Greek.

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