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wood+ant

  • 81 ἔντερα

    Grammatical information: n. pl.
    Meaning: `intestines, bowels', also sg. `gut' (Il.).
    Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐντερο-κήλη `breach of the intestines, Hernia' (Dsc., Gal.; s. Risch IF 59, 285, Strömberg Wortstudien 69).
    Derivatives: Deminut. ἐντερίδια (Com.); also ἐντέριον (M. Ant. 6, 13?; form and meaning uncertain); ἐντεριώνη `inside of a fruit, heart-wood of a plant, a tree' (Hp., Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 127f.); formation as ἰασιώνη, εἰρεσιώνη (Chantraine Formation 208); ἐντερόνεια (Ar. Eq. 1185) meaning unclear; acc. to H. and Suid. = ἐντεριώνη; adjectives ἐντερικός `of the ἔ.' (Arist.), ἐντέρινος `made from bowels' (Sch.); denomin. verb ἐντερεύω `take out fishes' (Kom.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [313] * h₁entero- `what is inside'
    Etymology: Old word for intestines identical with Arm. ǝnder-k`, -ac̣ pl. (Gr. LW [loanword]?, Hübschmann Armen. Gramm. 1, 447f.), identical with OWNo. iđrar pl. (PGm. * inÞerōz). The original adjectivial meaning in Skt. ántara-, Av. antara- `being inside', with Osc. Entraí dat. sg. *`Interae', name of a goddess; in Latin replaced by interior. IE * h₁enter-o, adjective from an adv. * enter, preserved in Skt. antár `inside', Lat. inter `between'. Besides OHG untar, Osc. anter `under' = `between' from the zero grade *n̥ter; further see Pok. 313, W.-Hofmann s. inter, interior, Ernout-Meillet s. in. - The basis is the adverb *en (s. ἔν) with the comparative-suffix - ter; s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 120f.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντερα

  • 82 εὕδω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `sleep' (Il.).
    Other forms: the simplex has only a present-stem exc. fut. εὑδήσω (A. Ag. 337)
    Compounds: With prefix ἐν-, συν-, esp. καθ-εύδω (Il.), ipf. καθ-εῦδον, - ηῦδον, Att. also ἐ-κάθευδον, fut. καθ-ευδήσω (Att.), rare aor. καθ-ευδῆσαι (Ion.); with ἐν-, ἐπι-, παρα-, συγ- καθεύδω etc. As aorist we find ( κατα-)δαρθεῖν, (-) δραθεῖν; Schwyzer-Debrunner 258, Schulze KZ 40, 120 = Kl. Schr. 443; s. δαρθάνω.
    Derivatives: None.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Several - unconvincing - suggestions. To Goth. sutis `quiet, calm' (Wood ClassPhil. 9, 148f., Thurneysen IF 39, 189f. [with diff. analysis], Mayrhofer KZ 71,74f.), further with Lat. sūdus `soft' (Mayrhofer KZ 73, 116f.); from IE * seu-d- beside *su̯-ep- in Skt. svapiti `sleeps' etc. (Benveniste Origines 1, 156f.; cf. on ὕπνος); to Lith. snáudžiu, snáusti `be sleepy' (Otrębski KZ 66, 247ff.); to OE swodrian `sleep fest' (Grošelj Živa Ant. 7, 42). On the difficulties Schwyzer 648 n. 1.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὕδω

  • 83 κύρτος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `weel, lobster pot' (Sapph., Pl., Arist., pap.), also `bird-cage' (AP);
    Compounds: Comp. κυρτο-βόλος `fisherman' (Smyrna).
    Derivatives: κύρτη f. `bird-cage' (Archil.), `bow-net' (Hdt., D. S.), `strainer' (Nic.). Diminut. κυρτίς `strainer' (Nic., Dsc., Opp.), - ίδιον `strainer' (Dsc.); also κυρτίον name of an unknown chariot-part (Poll. 1, 143). Further κυρτία `wicker shield' (D. S.), κυρτεύς `fisherman' (Herod., Opp.) with κυρτευτής `id.' (AP) and κυρτεία `fishing with the bow-net' (Ael.) from *κυρτεύω or analogically after ἁλι-ευτής, - εία; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 68. Here further κυρσερίδες τὰ τῶν μελισσῶν ἀγγεῖα, κυψελίδες H., from *κυρσέρα(?), after κρησέρα `fine sieve'; Grošelj Živa Ant. 3, 202.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: One assumed IE. *kr̥t-o- (Schwyzer 351), but κάρταλ(λ)ος is Pre=Greek. One connects also Skt. káṭa- m. `wicker-work, mat' (prob. wrongly). Further there is a western term for `wicker-work, hurdle' in Germ., e.g. OHG hurt, pl. hurdi, for which one assumes IE. *kr̥t-i-, and Lat. crātis, but this would point to a disyllabic root (* krHti-), for which there is further no evidence. A primary verb is supposed in the nasal present kr̥-ṇá-t-ti `spin' with kart-tar- m. `spinner'. Further W.-Hofmann s. crātis, Feist Et. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. haúrds, Pok. 584f. - Quite diff. Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 132: κύρτος prop. `wicker-work', substantivized from κυρτός. This simple interpretation presupposes, that κυρτός prop. means `tristed, twined' (after M. -G. `crooked, bent'), what fits badly to the facts, or that κύρτος prop. meant `vaulted, bellied'. So there is no convincing etymology. If κυρσ-ερ- belongs here, the word is rather Pre-Greek. Fur. 258 compares Hitt. kurtal(i)- `container of wood or wicker-work'. -
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύρτος

  • 84 πέτρᾱ

    πέτρᾱ, -η
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `rock, rocky mountain range, cliff, ridge; rock cavern, cave' (Il.), second. `boulder, stone' (hell.).
    Compounds: E.g. πετρ-ηρεφής `covered with rocks' (A., E.), πετρο-βόλος `throwing rocks' with - ία (X., Plb.); ὑπό-πετρος `rocky' (Hdt., Thphr.; Kretschmer Glotta 21, 221; not better Sommer A. u. Sprw. 20 f.).
    Derivatives: Also πέτρος m. (f.) `boulder, stone' (Il.). -- Several adj. with the meaning `rocky, belonging to rocks etc., stony': πετρ-αῖος (poet. since μ 231), also as surn. of Poseidon (Pi.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 447), - ήεις (Il.), - ινος (Ion. poet.), - ώδης (IA.), - ήρης (S.), - ώεις (Marc. Sid.). Dimin. - ίδιον n. (Arist.); adv. - ηδόν (Luc.). Design. of place πετρών, - ῶνος m. `rocky place' (Priene IIa). Denom. πετρόομαι, - όω, also w. κατα-, ὑπο-, `to be stoned, to be turned, to turn into stone' (E., X., Lyc. etc.) with πέτρωμα n. `stoning' (E.), also `heap of stones' (Paus.; from πέτρος enlarged, cf. Chantraine Form. 187). Several plantnames, after the position: πετρ-ίνη, - αία, - αῖον, - ώνιον, - ίς, ἐπί-πετρον etc. (Strömberg 116).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: On πέτρα as collectiv beside πέτρος Wackernagel Syntax 2, 14. -- Unexplained. After Porzig Satzinhalte 349 prop. *'collapse' (to πίπτω); hypothetical. Not better Wood ClassPhil. 3, 74ff. (to Lat. impetīgō; cf. W.-Hofmann s.v.); Güntert Labyrinth 20 f. (inversed from *τέπρα, to taberna; s. W.-H. s. v., Kretschmer Glotta 22, 253); still diff. (to πετάννυμι Groselj Živa Ant. 5, 111 f. Older attempts in Bq. - Furnée 370 adduces Basque petaŕ, s. also 272, 355. The word will be Pre-Greek.
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  • 85 πύξος

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `box tree, box wood' (Arist., hell.).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. pukoso (cf. Scardigli Minos 6:2, 1f.)
    Compounds: Few compp., e.g. παρά-πυξος `inlaid with π.' (Cratin.).
    Derivatives: 1. πυξ-ίον n. `writing-table (made of π.)' (com.); 2. - ίς f. `box (made of π.)' (hell.); 3. - ίδιον n. dimin. of 1. a. 2. (Ar., pap.); 4. πύξ-ινος `made of π., π.-colour' (Ω 269, Att.); 5. - ίνεος `id.' (AP); 6. - ώδης 'π.-like', of the colour (Dsc.); 7. -( ε)ών, -( ε)ῶνος `box tree grove' (gramm.); 8. - ίζω 'to be π.-coloured' (medic.); 9. Πυξοῦς, - οῦντος m. river and town in Lucania, Lat. Buxen- tum (Krahe Beitr. zur Namenforsch. 2, 233 w. lit.); also 10. Πυξίτης m. river near Trapezus in Asia Minor (Arr. a.o.; Redard 175)?
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Italy
    Etymology: Foreign word of unknown origin. After Scardigli Sprache 6, 220 ff. (with extensive treatment w. lit.) Anatolian, and like Arm. boys `plant' from IE * bheu- `grow' (s. φύω). Diff., even more improbable, Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 22 and REGr. 69, 284 (to IE * bheugh- `bow'). Earlier attempts at explanation from IE in Bq. From πύξος, - ίς, - ινον Lat. buxus (hardly independent loan), pyxis, pyxinum (s.W.-Hofmann s. vv. w. further lit.); from there the modern Eur. forms (Fr. buis, NHG Büchse, Engl. box etc.). -- Furnée157 stresses that the tree is at home in Italy, not in Asia Minor or Greece (Schrader-Nehrin RL s. Buxus).
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  • 86 σφήξ

    σφήξ, - ηκός
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `wasp' (Il.).
    Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) -ᾱκός m.
    Derivatives: I. σφηκ-ιά f. `wasp-nest' (S., E., Ar., LXX a.o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 68). 2. - ίον n. `comb in a wasp's nest' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.); ἐπι-σφήκ-ιον n. meaning unknown (Delos IIIa). 3. - ίσκος m. `pointed wood, rafter etc.' (Ar., Arist., inscr. a.o.). 4. - ίας m. `id.' (Pherecr.), also name of a verse (Ps.-Plu.; cf. σφηκικός, σφηκώδης). 5. - ειον n. `wasp-like insect' (Nic.). 6. - εια f. old name of the island Cyprus (Lyc., H.). 7. - ικός `wasp-like', name of a verse (Eust.), - ώδης `id.' (Ar. a.o.), also name of a verse (sch.). 8. - ισμός εἶδος αὑλή-σεως, εἰρημένον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμφερείας τῶν βομ\<β\>ῶν H. (: *σφη-κίζω). 9. - ίωσις κηρία σφηκῶν H. (: σφηκ-ίον, *-ιόω). 10. Unclear σφηκός = σφηκώδης (S. Fr. 29), σφήξ λόφου τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ λόφου κτλ. H.; σφήκη n. pl. meaning unknown (pap. IIIa). II. Usual denom. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, `to be contracted, bound in the middle, esp. to contract, to bind' (P52, Ar., hell. a. late epic, late prose) with - ωμα n. `point of a helmet' (S., Ar.), `cord, cable' (pap. IIIa etc.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: On the formation cf. μύρμηξ, σκώληξ (s. vv.). Unexplained. Tempting, but morpholog. difficult is the comparison with σφήν (Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 w. n. 1, Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 176). Other proposal: to σφάκελος referring to the constricted body (Persson Beitr. 1, 396 n. 1 asking); to ψήν `gall-insect', ψῆν `rub' (Hofmann Et. Wb. with Specht Ursprung 45); on the supposed metathesis etc. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 189 f. On the certainly wrong combination with Lat. vespa a. cogn. (since Pott) s. Curtius 382 a. Bq; thus Georgiev Word 3, 77 ff. Older attempts (w. lit.) in Bq. -- Furnée 393 compares ψήν and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; the conclusion is certainly right.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφήξ

  • 87 termite

    النَّمْل الأبيض \ termite: an insect (commonly called the white-ant) which eats wood in hot countries.

    Arabic-English glossary > termite

  • 88 βρῶσις

    βρῶσις, εως, ἡ (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 22 [Stone p. 82]; EpArist 129; Philo; Joseph.; Just., D. 57, 3; Mel., P. 47, 337).
    ① the act of partaking of food, eating (w. πόσις [this combin. since Od. 1, 191; also Diod S 1, 45, 2; Plut., Mor. 114c; Da 1:10; Philo, Mos. 1, 184]) Ro 14:17; Col 2:16. W. obj. gen. (as Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Jos., Ant. 1, 334; TestReub 2:7 βρῶσις βρωμάτων) β. τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων eating of meat sacrificed to idols 1 Cor 8:4; ἄρτος εἰς β. (as Is 55:10) bread to eat 2 Cor 9:10; ὡς περὶ β. as if they referred to eating B 10:9; ἔχετε τελείως περὶ τῆς β. you are fully instructed on eating, i.e. on dietary laws 10:10 (cp. ὁ περὶ βρώσεων καὶ πόσεων … νόμος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 17); εἰς β. to eat PtK 2 p. 14, 17.
    ② the process of causing deterioration by consuming, consuming w. σής Mt 6:19f, where β. is used as a general term for consuming, which could be done by a variety of insects (in Mal 3:11 LXX A, e.g., β. is used to render אוכֵל =‘grasshopper’; מַאֲכוֹלֶת= wood worm has been suggested [HGressmann, Hdb. ad loc.]). Cp. EpJer 10, where a few mss. have βρῶσις instead of βρώματα w. ἰός. This combin. argues against the identification of βρῶσις w. ἰός in Mt, and it is not likely that a hendiadys is present. The interpretation corrosion, rust finds no support outside this passage. In the medical passages that have been adduced (cp. Galen 6, 422 [pl.]; 12, 879 ed. Kühn 1823) β.=‘decay’ of teeth. The balanced structure of the passage implies garments as victims of ‘moth and eating’, and other possessions as plunder of thieves.
    ③ that which one eats, food (Soph. Fgm. 182, 2 TGF; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 307, 27; PLond III, 1223, 9 p. 139 [121 A.D.] χόρτον εἰς βρῶσιν προβάτων; PLips 118, 15; POxy 1686, 10; Gen 25:28; Jer 41:20; 2 Km 19:43 v.l. βρῶσιν ἐφάγαμεν; Philo, Op. M. 38).
    ⓐ lit. of a meal Hb 12:16; D 6:3; Dg 4:1; GJs 1:4 v.l. for βρωτόν and βρώματα.
    ⓑ fig. J 4:32; 6:27, 55.—DELG s.v. βιβρώσκω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βρῶσις

  • 89 διακονία

    διακονία, ας, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διάκονος; Thu. et al.; IG XII/5, 600, 14 [III B.C.]; PFouad 25 verso I, 1 [II A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:58; Esth 6:3, 5 [both v.l.]; TestJob 11:1ff, 15:1; Joseph.)
    ① service rendered in an intermediary capacity, mediation, assignment, δ. τῆς λειτουργίας mediation of this public obligation 2 Cor 9:12; cp. 13. ἡ δ. ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ my embassy in behalf of J. (=my role as delivery agent [for the gift] for J. The v.l. δωροφορία indicates that δ. denotes intermediary function; the context informs the reader that the mission involves the bringing of a gift) Ro 15:31; cp. 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1.—On the ‘collection’: ELombard, RTP 35, 1902, 113–39; 262–81; MGoguel, RHPR 4, 1925, 301–18; KNickle, The Collection ’66.—πνεύματα εἰς δ. ἀποστελλόμενα spirits sent out on assignment Hb 1:14.
    ⓐ gener. service πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τ. ἁγίων εἰς ἔργον διακονίας to prepare God’s people for productive service Eph 4:12 (the rendering [as later edd. of RSV, also NRSV, REB] assumes that no comma, as in KJV, RV, RSV1, JB et al., is to be placed before εἰς [difft. 3 below]); δ. τοῦ λόγου Ac 6:4; ἡ ὑμῶν δ. service to you 2 Cor 11:8.—1 Cor 16:15; 2 Ti 4:11; Rv 2:19.
    ⓑ specif. engagement in preparations for a social event, such as a meal (s. Plut., Philopoem. 357 [2, 3]: a Megarian hostess mistakes the statesman P. for one of his aides and sets him to chop wood as part of the διάκονια or preparations for a meal; Jos., Ant. 2, 65; 11, 163 διακονεῖν τινι τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ πότου διακονίαν) περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν δ. (Martha) was distracted w. many preparations Lk 10:40.
    ③ functioning in the interest of a larger public, service, office of the prophets and apostles 1 Ti 1:12; κλῆρος τῆς δ. Ac 1:17; τόπος τῆς δ. vs. 25. Of the service of the Levites 1 Cl 40:5; the office of an ecclesiastical overseer IPhld 1:1; 10:2; ISm 12:1; Hs 9, 27, 2; δ. λαμβάνειν receive a ministry Ac 20:24. διαιρέσεις διακονιῶν 1 Cor 12:5; δ. τοῦ θανάτου ministry of death: of the OT law 2 Cor 3:7. Also δ. τῆς κατακρίσεως min. of condemnation vs. 9. Opp. δ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης min. of righteousness ibid.; δ. τοῦ πνεύματος min. of the Spirit vs. 8 of service in behalf of the Gospel; cp. Ac 21:19; Ro 11:13; 2 Cor 4:1; 6:3; Col 4:17; 2 Ti 4:5; δ. τῆς καταλλαγῆς ministry of reconciliation 2 Cor 5:18; τὴν δ. τελέσαι carry out this assignment Hm 2:6; concerning obedience and exhortation 12, 3, 3; Hs 1:9; 2:7. τελειῶσαι … τὴν δʼ discharge … my responsibility Ac 20:34.—Eph 4:12 belongs here if, with KJV, RV, RSV1 et al. and contrary to N. and other edd., a comma is placed before εἰς (s. Collins [at 5, end, below] 233f).
    ④ rendering of specific assistance, aid, support (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 1 εἰς διακονίαν=for support), esp. of alms and charitable giving (AcThom 59 [Aa II/2, 176, 2] χρήματα πολλὰ εἰς διακονίαν τῶν χηρῶν=much money to take care of the widows) Ac 6:1. εἰς δ. πέμψαι τί τινι send someone someth. for support 11:29; cp. 12:25.
    ⑤ an administrative function, service as attendant, aide, or assistant (Eng. loanw. ‘deacon’; Hippol., Ref. 7, 36, 3) Ro 12:7 (Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 110); IMg 6:1; IPhld 10:2; Hs 9, 26, 2.—PAbbing, Diakonia, diss. Utrecht ’50; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos usw. ’51, 19–164; RAC III 909–17; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διακονία

  • 90 δοκός

    δοκός, οῦ, ἡ(s. δέχομαι) (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Bell. 3, 214f, Ant. 14, 106; loanw. in rabb.) a piece of heavy timber such as a beam used in roof construction or to bar a door, beam of wood Mt 7:3ff; Lk 6:41f (cp. Ox 1 verso, 1–4).—GKing, HTR 17, 1924, 393–404; 26, ’33, 73–76; CWebster, ET 39, 1928, 91f; PHedley, ibid. 427f; SKaatz, Jeschurun 16, 1929, 482–84.—B. 599. DELG s.v. δέχομαι. M-M.

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  • 91 μηχανή

    μηχανή, ῆς, ἡ (since Hes.) gener. ‘machine’ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 26:8 PQ [fig. ‘device, strategem’]; Philo; Jos., Ant. 14, 423; 17, 4; Tat. 3, 1; 17, 2 [fig.]; loanw. in rabb.), specif. a crane for hoisting things (Pla., Crat. 425d) fig. μ. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IEph 9:1. The figure is carried out thus: the parts of the ‘crane of Christ’ are the cross (Hdt. 2, 125 μηχ. ξύλων=‘made of wood’) and the Holy Spirit, the latter being the rope. The crane brings the stones, symbolizing Christians, to the proper height for the divine structure (cp. Chrysostom, Hom. 3 in Eph ὥσπερ διά τινος ἕλκων μηχανῆς εἰς ὕψος αὐτὴν [sc. ἐκκλησίαν] ἀνήγαγε μέγα; Martyr. Andreae 1, 14 [Aa II/1, 55] ὦ σταυρὲ μηχάνημα σωτηρίας).—DELG.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μηχανή

  • 92 ἀναψύχω

    ἀναψύχω (s. ἀνάψυξις) fut. ἀναψύξω (JosAs 3:3); 1 aor. ἀνέψυξα; pf. ptc. acc. sg. ἀνεψυκότα 2 Macc 13:11; 1 aor. pass. ptc. ἀναψυχθείς (TestSol 4:11 D).
    ① trans. (Hom.+; Plut.; TestSol 4:11 D; Jos., Ant. 15, 54. [Nägeli 16; Anz 303]) to provide relief from obligation or trouble, give someone a breathing space, revive, refresh τινά IEph 2:1; Tr 12:2. πολλάκις με ἀνέψυξεν he often refreshed me 2 Ti 1:16.
    ② intr. (Diphilus [c. 300 B.C.] 81; POslo 153, 10 [early II A.D.]; POxy 1296, 7; Sb 3939, 28, in a letter on a wood tablet fr. a mummy requesting someth. for ‘repose’; cp. JSvennung, Aretos, Acta Philol. Fenn., n.s. II, ’58, 183; also 1 Km 16:23; Ps 38:14; En 103:13; JosAs 3:3; ParJer 6:7; Babrius 95, 57) to experience relief from obligation or trouble, be refreshed μετά τινος together with someone Ro 15:32 D.—DELG s.v. ψυχρός C1 ψύχω 1295. M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀναψύχω

  • 93 ἄβρωτος

    ἄβρωτος, ον (Ctesias, Menand. et al.; Pr 24:22e; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 144; Jos., Ant. 5, 219; loanw. in rabb.) of wood not eaten by worms (Theophr., HP 5, 1, 2) ῥάβδοι Hs 8, 4, 6. S. βιβρώσκω.

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  • 94 ὅστις

    ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (Hom.+.—On the orthography of ὅ τι s. W-S. §5, 6; Mlt-H. 179); in our lit. as well as in the pap occurring usu. in the nom.
    ① any person, whoever, every one who, in a generalizing sense:
    ⓐ w. pres. ind. foll. Mt 5:39; 13:12ab; Mk 4:20; 8:34 v.l.; Lk 14:27; Gal 5:4. Pleonastically πᾶς ὅστις Mt 7:24.
    ⓑ w. the aor. ind. Ro 11:4; Rv 1:7; 20:4. πᾶς ὅστις Mt 19:29.
    ⓒ w. fut. ind. Mt 5:41; 18:4; 23:12ab; πᾶς ὅστις 10:32.
    ⓓ w. aor. subj. (ApcSed 16:5) Mt 10:33 v.l.; Js 2:10. But s. on this B-D-F §380, 4; Rob. 959; Kühner-G. II 426, 1.
    ⓔ w. ἄν (ἐάν), whereby the indefiniteness of the expr. is heightened:
    α. w. the pres. subj. J 2:5; 1 Cor 16:2; Gal 5:10; Col 3:17 (πᾶν ὅ τι ἐάν).
    β. w. the aor. subj. Mt 10:33 (s. d above); 12:50; Mk 6:23; Lk 10:35; J 14:13; 15:16; Ac 3:23.
    ② undetermined person belonging to a class or having a status, who, one who
    ⓐ to indicate that persons (or things) belong to a certain class (such a one) who ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ a leader who will shepherd Mt 2:6. εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες 19:12abc; γεωργοὶ οἵτινες 21:41. παρθένοι, αἵτινες 25:1. τινὲς τῶν ὧδε ἑστώτων, οἵτινες 16:28; Mk 9:1. προφήτας, οἵτινες τὴν ἀπλανῆ θεοσέβειαν ἐκήρυσσον prophets who proclaimed the correct devotion to God AcPlCor 2:10.
    ⓑ to emphasize a characteristic quality, by which a preceding statement is to be confirmed who (to be sure, by his very nature), in so far as προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν οἵτινες ἔρχονται ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων beware of the false prophets, who come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. βαπτισθῆναι τούτους οἵτινες τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαβον who (indeed) Ac 10:47. οἵτινες ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον in so far as they received the word 17:11. οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν since indeed they had exchanged Ro 1:25; cp. vs. 32; 2:15; 6:2. ἀσπάσασθε Mαρίαν ἥτις remember me to Mary, who certainly 16:6; cp. vss. 4, 7, 12. ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον bogus members, the kind who sneaked in Gal 2:4. Cp. Phil 2:20; Eph 4:19; 1 Ti 1:4; Tit 1:11 al. in Paul (B-D-F §293, 4; Rob. 728); Hb 8:5; 10:11; 13:7; AcPlCor 2:19, 25 (condemnation of gnostics, with samples of their positions); 2:21 (an urgent warning to avoid them). Sim. Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν who died, as you know J 8:53. φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε, οἵτινες ἐλάβετε … who, to be sure, received … Ac 7:53. σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, αἵτινες στρατεύονται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς 1 Pt 2:11. οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν who, to be sure, have not learned Rv 2:24.—Yet many of the passages already mentioned may be classed under the following head (3), and some that are classed there may fit better in this one (2).
    ③ Quite oft. ὅστις takes the place of the simple rel. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ; this occurs occasionally in ancient Gk. usage (s. Hdt. 4, 8, 1 al.; Thu. 6, 3, 1; Demosth. 38, 6; 17; Kühner-G. II 399f; Schwyzer II 643 lit.), but more freq. in later Gk. (W-S. §24, 14d; B-D-F §293; Mlt. 91f; Rdm.2 75; 77; 226; Psaltes, Grammatik [Byz.] 198; POxy 110, 3; PFay 108, 7 [both II A.D.]; Mayser II/3, 57. On the LXX s. Thackeray 192; TestJob 47:1; ParJer 7:8; Just., D. 88, 1; Tat. 41, 1), esp. in Luke’s writings: to explain a word or a thing εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ Lk 2:4 (Hdt. 2, 99 πόλιν ἥτις νῦν Μέμφις καλέεται). τὴν χώραν τ. Γερας. ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀντιπέρα τ. Γαλιλαίας 8:26. ἄνδρες δύο … οἵτινες ἦσαν Μωϋσῆς κ. Ἠλίας 9:30. Cp. 12:1; Ac 16:12; Hb 9:2, 9; Rv 11:8. τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν Mt 27:62 (POxy 110, 3 αὔριον ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε´). τὸν Βαραββᾶν ὅστις ἦν … βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ Lk 23:19. μετὰ τῶν στασιαστῶν δεδεμένος οἵτινες … φόνον πεποιήκεισαν Mk 15:7. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα Mt 21:33. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐξῆλθεν 20:1. Cp. 27:55; Lk 7:39; 8:43; Ac 8:15; 11:20, 28; 12:10; 13:43; 17:10; 21:4; 23:14, 21, 33; 24:1; 28:18; 2 Ti 2:18. βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει Rv 1:12. τὴν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔτεκεν 12:13.
    ④ The use of ὅ τι as an interrogative term in the NT is complicated by textual variants (s. PKatz, TLZ 82, ’57, 114; 83, ’58, 318; B-D-F §300).
    ⓐ In an indir. quest. (Just., D. 5, 1; 23, 2 λαληθήσεταί σοι ὅ τί σε δεῖ ποιεῖν Ac 9:6 is well attested, but was rejected by Blass (s. B-D-F §300, 1), though not by Rob. 730f.
    ⓑ As dir. quest. (also written ὅτι in scriptio continua: s. the vv.ll., orig. prob. glosses marking the question, Ath. 34, 1 ὅτι ἂν εἴποιμι τὰ ἀπόρρητα; For LXX s. B-D-F §300, 2) ὅτι οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ; why does this man/fellow speak this way? Mk 2:7 v.l. ὅτι μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν … ἐσθίει; why does (Jesus) eat with tax-collectors? Mk 2:16b (vv.ll. τί ὅτι, διὰ τί or διατί); 9:11a, 28; ὅτι δὲ τὸ ἔριον ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον; why the wool on the wood? 8:5; ὅτι οὖν … πάντες οὐ μετενόσαν; why, then, … did they not all repent? Hs 8, 6, 2 (on debate relating to these pass. s. B-D-F §300, 2; s. also Field, Notes 33; Mlt-Turner 49; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 119–212.—ὅτι=‘why’ in indir. questions Thu. 1, 90, 5; Jos., Ant. 6, 236; 12, 213; Gen 18:13 A; Black, 119, cites Turner, JTS 27, 1925, 58ff in support of this usage in Mk 8:16f; 14:60 v.l.; cp. B-D-F §300, 2).
    ⑤ On τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν J 8:25 s. ἀρχή 1a, end.—B-D-F §300, 2; Rob. 730.
    ⑥ The prepositional phrases ἀφʼ ὅτου (Diod S 2, 31, 9) Lk 13:25 D, ἕως ὅτου (s. ἕως 1bβב; PGen 56, 19), and μέχρις ὅτου (ἐξ ὅτου ‘ever since’ Just., D. 52, 3; s. μέχρι 2b) are fixed expressions.—HCadbury, The Relative Pronouns in Acts and Elsewhere: JBL 42, 1923, 150ff; Rydbeck, 98–118.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅστις

  • 95 ὑγρός

    ὑγρός, ά, όν (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; SibOr 3, 144; Just.; Ath. 22, 4, R. 17 p. 68, 29) pert. to being in a moist or yielding condition, moist, pliant, of fresh wood green (so ὑγρότης Theophr., HP 5, 9, 7; 8; Philostrat., Ep. 55 ὑγρός of fresh roses) Lk 23:31 (opp. ξηρός as Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 15 and oft. in Philo; Jos., Ant. 4, 267).—AJeremias, Hdb. der altoriental. Geisteskultur 1913, 263ff (cult of Tammuz).—B. 1074. Schmidt, Syn. II 335–58. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑγρός

  • 96 ῥάβδος

    ῥάβδος, ου, ἡ (Hom.+; ins; PSI 168, 16; PTebt 44, 20; LXX; TestSol 10:4 [personifed]; Test12Patr; JosAs 14:8 [oft. cod. A]; ApcEsdr 1:4 p. 24, 10 Tdf.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 365f, Ant. 5, 284; Just.; Mel., P. 13, 85; Ath.) a relatively slender piece of wood varying in length, rod, staff, stick gener. Rv 11:1; many times in Hs 8. Of the test involving rods (Num 17) 1 Cl 43:2–5; Hb 9:4 (Num 17:23); GJs 9:1. Of a shepherd’s staff (Mi 7:14) Hv 5:1; Hs 6, 2, 5; GJs 18:3 v.l. In imagery ποιμαίνειν τινὰ ἐν ῥ. σιδηρᾷ (ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109) Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15. Of a traveler’s staff (lit. s.v. ὑπόδημα) Mt 10:10; Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3. Of a ruler’s staff, scepter (Pind., O. 9, 33 [50]; LXX) Hb 1:8 (Ps 44:7). Of a ‘magic’ wand (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 7, 4, Dial. Mort. 23, 3; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 1, 3) Hv 3, 2, 4; Hs 9, 6, 3 (Leutzsch, Hermas 409f n. 279). Of a stick as a means of punishment (Pla., Leg. 3, 700c; Plut., Mor. 268d; 693f; Ex 21:20; Is 10:24) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι (opp. ἐν ἀγάπῃ) come with a stick 1 Cor 4:21 (s. ἐν 5aβ). ῥάβδοι πυρός fiery rods APt 19:33. Of an old man’s staff Hb 11:21 (Gen 47:31).—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ῥάβδος

  • 97 אשכרועַ

    אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַm. (v. P. Sm. 408) box-tree or ebony tree (prob. a denom. of אשך = חשך, cmp. גּוּשְׁקְרָא). Neg. II, 1 כא׳ לא שחוריםוכ׳ like the eshkroa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. B. Bath89b אשב׳ ed. (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30). Yoma III, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Buxum); expl. Y. ib. 41a top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον).

    Jewish literature > אשכרועַ

  • 98 אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ

    אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַm. (v. P. Sm. 408) box-tree or ebony tree (prob. a denom. of אשך = חשך, cmp. גּוּשְׁקְרָא). Neg. II, 1 כא׳ לא שחוריםוכ׳ like the eshkroa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. B. Bath89b אשב׳ ed. (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30). Yoma III, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Buxum); expl. Y. ib. 41a top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον).

    Jewish literature > אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ

  • 99 דדנין

    דדניןY.R. Hash. II, 58a top, expl. עצי שמן (Mish. ib. II, 2), prob. דָּדִינִין (δᾴδινος, pl.) pine-wood, (used for torches; Bab. ib. 23a אפרסמא; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Taeda).

    Jewish literature > דדנין

  • 100 חבט I

    חֶבֶטI c. (חָבַט 1) fastening; ח׳ של סנדל thongs of a sandal joined in a knot (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Sandalium). Mikv. X, 3.Pl. (חוֹבְטִין) חֲבָטִין. Y.Yeb.XII, 12d top והן שיהו חו׳ של עץ this means that the thongs be of wood (of the vegetable kingdom; oth. vers. מעמידין, תרסיות). Ib. נפסקו חֲבָטָיו (omitted Tosef.Kel.B. Bath. IV, 5, a. Sabb.112a) if its thongs are broken; נפסקה … אחת מח׳ if one set of its thongs is broken; Y.Sabb.V, 8a חבתיו (corr. acc.; omitted Tosef. ib. XII (XIII), 14).

    Jewish literature > חבט I

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