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1 vestri, kúrekamynd/-saga
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2 vesturríkja-
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3 vestrænn
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4 vestan
adv.1) from the west (ríðu síðan hina sömu leið vestr, sem þeir hófðu v. riðit); v. um haf, ‘from west over the sea’, from the British Islands;2) on the western side of, with gen. (v. bœjar); fyrir v., west of, with acc. (fyrir v. vötnin).* * *adv. from the west; vestr eða vestan, Ld. 126; vestan ór Fjörðum, Nj. 14, passim: the phrase, vestan um haf, ‘from west over the sea,’ i. e. from the Western Islands, a special phrase for the British Isles across the North Sea, Fms. i. 26: or simply vestan, at hann var vestan kominn, viz. from Britain, Eg. 74; even used of a voyage from thence to Iceland, Ráðólfr ok Jólfgeir bræðr kómu vestan um haf til Íslands, Landn. 298.2. of position without motion; fyrir vestan (with acc.), on the western side of; fyrir vestan vötnin, Nj. 196; fyrir vestan Heinabergs-sand Sóta nes, 158, Fms. i. 60, Landn. 194, passim; út um Álptafjörð fyrir vestan, in the west, Nj. 215.COMPDS: vestanbæjar, vestanferð, vestanfjarðar, vestanlands, vestanmaðr, vestanveðr, vestanverðr, vestanvindr. -
5 Vestr-lönd
n. pl. the Western lands, of the British Isles, Grág. ii. 141, Ld. 82, Magn. 514: of Western Africa, 656 C. 24.2. sing., Vestrland, Western Iceland. -
6 GAUTAR
* * *m. pl. a Scandin. people in western Sweden, called in A. S. Geâtes, and to be distinguished from Gotar, Goths; hence Gaut-land, n. the land of the Gauts; Gaut-Elfr, f. the river Gotha, the ‘Elbe of the Gauts;’ Gauta-sker, n. pl. the Skerries of the north-western coast of Sweden; cp. also the mod. Göteborg, Ó. H., Fms., passim. -
7 vestr-hálfa
and -álfa, u, f. the western region, Stj. 68: of the ancient Neustria, Fms. x. 235: of Western Africa, Al. 157, 158; ætlaði hann Cham vestrhálfu, Edda (pref.); þaðan (from Spain) fór hann í vestrálfu heimsins, Bret. 30.2. mod. of America. -
8 vestr-hérað
n. a western county (of western Iceland), Sturl. iii. 19 (cp. héruðin vestr, Skíða R. 31). -
9 BYGÐ
f.1) colonization (frá Íslands bygð);2) abode, habitation; setja, hefja bygð sína es staðar, to fix one’s abode in a place; fœra bygð sína, to remove; banna (lofa, leyfi) em bygð, to forbid (allow) one to settle in a place;3) inhabited land or district, opp. to ‘úbygðir’, deserts.* * *f. [búa, byggja]I. gener. habitation:1. a settling one’s abode, colonisation; Íslands b., colonisation of Iceland, Íb. (begin.); Grænlands b., id.2. residence, abode; var þeirra b. ekki vinsæl, Ld. 136; the phrase, fara bygð, or bygðum, to remove one’s house and home, change one’s abode, Grág. i. 457, Nj. 25, 151; færa b. sína, to remove, Fas. ii. 281; banna, lofa e-m bygð, to forbid or allow one’s residence, Grág. l. c.; hitta b. e-s, abode, home, Band. 10: metaph., Hom. 16.II. inhabited land, opp. to úbygðir, deserts; but also opp. to mountains, wild woods, and the like, where there are no human dwellings: bygð thus denotes the dwellings and the whole cultivated neighbourhood; thus in old Greenland there was Eystri and Vestri bygð, the Eastern and Western colony, and úbygðir, deserts, viz. the whole Eastern side of this polar land, cp. Landn. 105, Antt. Amer., and Grönl. Hist. Mind, i-iii. In Norway distinction is made between bygðir and sætr, Fms. i. 5. Icel. say, snjór ofan í b., when the mountains are covered with snow, but the lowland, the inhabited shore, and the bottom of the dales are free; í Noregi er lítil b. ok þó sundrlaus, i. e. Norway is thinly peopled, Fms. iv. 140, viii. 200, 202, 203, Eg. 68, 229, Orkn. 8: spec. = county = hérað, í b. þeirri er Heggin heitir, Fms. ix. 232; b. þeirri er Strönd heitir, 358; heima í bygðum, Gþl. 34; miklar bygðir ( great inhabited districts) vóru inn í landit, Fms. i. 226.COMPDS: bygðarfleygr, bygðarfólk, bygðarlag, bygðarlagsmaðr, bygðarland, bygðarleyfi, bygðarlýðr, bygðarmenn, bygðarrómr, bygðarstefna. -
10 drykkr
(-jar, -ir), m.1) drink, drinking; sitja at (yfir) drykk, to sit drinking; hvat hafa Einherjar at drykk, what kind of drink have the E.;2) drought; þreyta á drykkinn, to take a deep draught; drekka í tveimr, þremr, drykkjum, to drain in two, three draughts.* * *jar, m., pl. ir, [A. S. drinc; Engl. drink; Germ. trunk; Dan. drik]:—drink, beverage, Fms. xi. 108, 233; eiga drykk ok sess við e-n, Eg. 95: a draught, Edda 32, 48; hvat hafa Einherjar at drykk? 24; vatns-d., a draught of water, id.; svala-d., þorsta-d., a thirst-draught; muntu nú eigi sparask til eins drykkjar, one draught more, 32; þreyta á drykkinn, to take a deep draught, id.; drekka í tveimr, þremr … drykkjum, to drain in two, three … draughts, id.; undarliga mundi mér þykkja ef þvílíkir drykkir væri svá litlir kallaðir, id.β. sour whey, proncd. drukkr, Krók. 64; freq. in western Icel.COMPDS: drykkjarbolli, drykkjarföng, drykkjarhorn, drykkjarker, drykkjarkostr. -
11 dúnkr
m. = dykr, a dull sound.2. the name of a farm in western Iceland. -
12 Dýri
* * * -
13 EY
I)adv.ey manni þat veit, no man knows.(gen. eyjar, dat. ey and eyju; pl. eyjar), f. an island.* * *gen. eyjar; dat. eyju and ey, with the article eyinni and eyjunni; acc. ey; pl. eyjar, gen. eyja, dat. eyjum; in Norway spelt and proncd. öy; [Dan. öe; Swed. ö; Ivar Aasen öy; Germ. aue; cp. Engl. eyot, leas-ow, A. S. êg-land, Engl. is-land; in Engl. local names -ea or -ey, e. g. Chels-ea, Batters-ea, Cherts-ey, Thorn-ey, Osn-ey, Aldern-ey, Orkn-ey, etc.]:—an island, Fas. ii. 299, Skálda 172, Eg. 218, Grág. ii. 131, Eb. 12; eyjar nef, the ‘neb’ or projection of an island, Fb. iii. 316.2. in various compds; varp-ey, an island where wild birds lay eggs; eyði-ey, a deserted island; heima-ey, a home island; bæjar-ey, an inhabited island; út-eyjar, islands far out at sea; land-eyjar, an island in an inlet, Landn.: a small island close to a larger one is called a calf (eyjar-kálfr), the larger island being regarded as the cow, (so the southernmost part of the Isle of Man is called the Calf of Man): it is curious that ‘islanders’ are usually not called eyja-menn ( islandmen), but eyjar-skeggjar, m. pl. ‘island-beards;’ this was doubtless originally meant as a nickname to denote the strange habits of islanders, Fas. i. 519 (in a verse), Fær. 151, 656 C. 22, Fms. ii. 169, viii. 283, Grett. 47 new Ed.; but eyja-menn, m. pl., Valla L. 228, Eb. 316 (and in mod. usage), cp. also Götu-skeggjar, the men of Gata, a family, Landn.; eyja-sund, n. a sound or narrow strait between two islands, Eg. 93, Fms. ii. 64, 298.3. in local names: from the shape, Lang-ey, Flat-ey, Há-ey, Drang-ey: from cattle, birds, beasts, Fær-eyjar, Lamb-ey, Sauð-ey, Hrút-ey, Yxn-ey, Hafr-ey, Svín-ey, Kið-ey, Fugl-ey, Arn-ey, Æð-ey, Má-ey, Þern-ey, Úlf-ey, Bjarn-ey: from vegetation, Eng-ey, Akr-ey, Við-ey, Brok-ey, Mos-ey: from the quarters of heaven, Austr-ey, Norðr-ey, Vestr-ey, Suðr-ey (Engl. Sudor): an island at ebb time connected with the main land is called Örfiris-ey, mod. Öffurs-ey (cp. Orfir in the Orkneys): from other things, Fagr-ey, Sand-ey, Straum-ey, Vé-ey ( Temple Isle), Eyin Helga, the Holy Isle (cp. Enhallow in the Orkneys). Eyjar is often used κατ ἐξοχήν of the Western Isles, Orkneys, Shetland, and Sudor, hence Eyja-jarl, earl of the Isles (i. e. Orkneys), Orkn. (freq.); in southern Icel. it is sometimes used of the Vestmanna eyjar.β. in old poets ey is a favourite word in circumlocutions of women, vide Lex. Poët.; and in poetical diction ey is personified as a goddess, the sea being her girdle, the glaciers her head-gear; hence the Icel. poetical compd ey-kona. For tales of wandering islands, and giants removing islands from one place to another, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 209.4. in female pr. names, Þór-ey, Bjarg-ey, Landn.: but if prefixed—as in Eyj-úlfr, Ey-steinn, Ey-mundr, Ey-vindr, Ey-dís, Ey-fríðr, Ey-vör, Ey-þjófr, etc.—ey belongs to a different root.COMPD: eyjaklasi. -
14 FALDR
m.1) old;2) hem of a garment; kyrtill hlaðbúinn í fald niðr, a kirtle laced down to the hems;3) a sort of (woman’s) headgear, hood.* * *m. [A. S. feald; Engl. fold; Germ. falte; O. H. G. fald; Dan. fold; Ital. falda, and faldetta (in Malta); Fr. fauvetta and faudage]:—a fold, of a garment, Str. 9, 13, l. 19, 21, where it is even spelt foldr; in Icel. hardly ever used in this sense.β. the hem of a garment; hún gékk á bak til ok snart fald hans klæða, Luke viii. 44; og fald sinna klæða stækka þeir, Matth. xxiii. 5; og báðu hann, að þeir mætti snerta að eins fald hans fata, Mark vi. 56; kyrtill hlaðbúinn í fald niðr, a kirtle laced down to the hems, Fms. iv. 337; allt í fald niðr, Mag. (Fr.) 63; klæða-faldr, Pass. 36. 9.II. a white linen hood, the stately national head-gear worn by ladies in Icel., of which drawings are given by Eggert Itin. pp. 24, 27, Sir Joseph Banks in Hooker’s Travels, the account of the French expedition of the year 1836 sq., and in almost all books of travels in Iceland. In old Sagas or poems the fald is chiefly recorded in Ld. ch. 33 (the dreams of Guðrún Osvifs datter), cp. Sd. ch. 25; in the Orkn. S. ch. 58 the two sisters Frakök and Helga, daughters of the Gaelic Moddan, wore a fald (þá hnyktu þar af sér faldinum, ok reyttu sik), 182. In the Rm. (a poem probably composed in the Western Isles. Orkneys) all the three women, Edda, Amma, and Móðir, wore the fald; the words in Þkv. 16, 19—ok haglega um höfuð typpum, and let us cleverly put a topping on his head, of Thor in bridal disguise—seem to refer to the fald. Bishop Bjarni, a native of the Orkneys (died A. D. 1222), gives the name of ‘fald’ to the helmet; Kormak, in the 10th century, speaks of the ‘old falda.’ In Normandy and Brittany a kind of ‘fald’ is still in use; it may be that it came to Icel. through Great Britain, and is of Breton origin; a French fald (Franseiskr, i. e. Britain?) is mentioned, D. N. iv. 359. In Icel. the fald was, up to the end of the last century, worn by every lady,—áðr sérhver fald bar frú | falleg þótti venja sú, a ditty. The ladies tried to outdo each other in wearing a tall fald; keisti faldr, the fald rose high, Rm. 26; falda hátt, Eb. (the verse); hence the sarcastic name stiku-faldr, a ‘yard-long fald;’ stífan teygja stiku-fald, Þagnarmál 53, a poem of 1728; 1 Tim. ii. 9 is in the Icel. version rendered, eigi með földum (πλέγμασι) eðr gulli eðr perlum,—since with ancient women, and in Icel. up to a late time, braiding of the hair was almost unknown. In mod. poetry, Iceland with her glaciers is represented as a woman with her fald on; minn hefir faldr fengið fjúka-ryk og kám, Eggert: the sails are called faldar mastra, hoods of the masts, faldar mastra blöktu stilt, Úlf. 3. 14; hestar hlés hvíta skóku falda trés, id., 10; faldr skýja, the folds of the clouds, poët., Núm. 1. 11; faldr af degi, of the daybreak, 4. 86; vide krók-faldr, sveigr, a crooked fald. falda-feykir, m. a magical dance in which the falds flew off the ladies’ heads, Fas. iii; cp. Percy’s Fryar and Boy, also the Wonderful Flute in Popular Tales. -
15 fata
* * *I)f. pail, bucket.* * *1.u, f. a pail, bucket, Fb. i. 258, Bs. ii. 24, N. G. L. i. 30, Stj. 394; vatns-fata, a pail of water, freq. in western Icel.; in the east of Icel. usually skjóla, q. v. fötu-barmr, m. the rim of a pail, etc.2. -
16 FISKR
(-s, -ar), m. fish; flatr f., heilagr f., flat-fish, halibut.* * *m. [Lat. piscis; Ulf. fisks; A. S. fisc; Engl. fish; Germ. fisch; Swed.-Dan. fisk]I. a fish, of both sea and fresh-water fish, esp. cod, trout, salmon are often κατ ἐξ. called ‘fish,’ Sks. 180, Hkr. ii. 385; var þar undir f. nógr, Bárð. 169; at miði því er þik man aldri fisk bresta, id.; þar var hvert vatn fullt af fiskum, Eg. 134; fugla ok fiska, Grág. ii. 345, Sturl. ii. 165, passim; of the zodiacal fishes, 1812. 17:—different kind of fish, heilagr fiskr (mod. heilag-fiski), halibut, Þorf. Karl., Bs. i. 365; flatr f., id., Edda 35; hval-f., a ‘whale fish;’ beit-f. (q. v.), bait fish; ill-fiskar, ill or evil fishes, sharks; skel-f., shell fish; blautr f., fresh fish, N. G. L. iii. ch. 2, 5; skarpr f., dried fish, Bs. i. 209, 365, 367, in mod. usage harðr fiskr; freð-f. = frer-f., frozen fish, preserved by being frozen: as to fishing vide Hým. 17 sqq., Bs. ii. ch. 2, 87, Guðm. S. ch. 87, Nj. ch. 11, Edda l. c., Eb. ch. 11, Fbr. ch. 40, Landn. 2. 5, Ld. ch. 12, 58, Bárð. ch. 9, Rafn S. ch. 10, D. I. and Bs. passim in the Miracle-books: the section of law regarding this important branch of livelihood in Iceland is wanting in the present Grágás, proving that this collection is not complete, but in a fragmentary state.β. the flesh of a fish, for in Icel. the word flesh can only be used of a land-animal; thus, hvítr á fiskinn, having white flesh.II. metaph., kinn-fiskar, the flesh on the cheeks (of a man); kinnfiska-soginn, with sunken cheeks: the phrase, e-m vex fiskr um hrygg, one’s back gains muscle, i. e. one gains strength: fjör-fiskr, live fish, a phrase for spasms of the muscles, the ‘growing pains’ common in children,—the fjör-fiskr is said to bound or leap (sprikla), which is regarded as a sign of good health and growth.III. fish were used as units of value, each = half an ell’s worth (vide alin), esp. in southern and Western Icel., cp. fiskvirði; hence the standing phrase in the title-page of books of later times, ‘charge so many fishes.’COMPDS: fiskaá, fiskaferð, fiskakaup, fiskakyn, fiskamerki, fiskapollr, fiskaskip, fiskastöð, fiskastöng, fiskatíund, fiska-tollr, fiska-ver, vide fiski-, Am. 3, Fms. iv. 330, and endless other compds. -
17 FJÖRÐR
(gen. fjarðar, dat. fjarðar; pl. firðir, acc. fjörðu), m. firth, inlet.* * *m., gen. fjarðar; dat. firði; pl. firðir, gen. fjarða: acc. fjörðu, mod. firði: [Swed.-Dan. fjord; North. E. and Scot. firth, frith; Engl. ford is a kindred word, but not identical]:—a firth, bay, a Scandin. word; but a small crescent-formed inlet or creek is called vík, and is less than fjörðr, hence the saying, fjörðr milli frænda, en vík milli vina, let there be a firth between kinsmen, but a creek between friends, denoting that kinship is not always so trustworthy as friendship: the allit. phrase, fjall ok fjörðr, vide fjall; freq. in Icel. and Scandin. local names combined with some other word expressing the shape, etc., Breiði-f., Mjófi-f., Djúpi-f., Grunni-f., Eyja-f., Lima-f. or Eylíma-f., Arnar-f., Alpta-f., Vatns-f., etc. In Icel. and old Scandin. countries the shore districts are freq. divided into counties, bearing the name of the firth, just as the inland is divided into dales; thus Eyja-f. and Skaga-f. denote both the firth and the county bordering on the firth. The western and eastern parts of Icel. are called Vest-firðir and Aust-firðir; in Norway a county is called Firðir; cp. Rb. 324 sqq., where over a hundred names of Icel. fjords are recorded, Landn. (Index), and the Sagas: fjarða-gol, n. a breeze blowing off a fjord, Fær. 203, Fms. iv. 302; fjarðar-botn, m. the bottom or head of a fjord, Eb. 188; fjarðar-horn, n. the creek at the head of a fjord, Gísl. 55, also freq. as a local name; fjarðar-íss, m. fjord-ice, Eb. 242, Bs. i. 327; fjarðar-kjöptr or fjarðar-minni, n. the mouth ( opening) of a fjord, Sturl. i. 121, Hkr. iii. 118; fjarðar-menn, m. pl. the inhabitants of a fjord county, Sturl. ii. 199. -
18 flæðar-urð
f. rocks reached by high water, Grett. 99. The word flæðr may be used as a test, to shew whether a MS. was written in the west of Icel. or not; but for authorship it is not sufficient, as copyists were apt to alter such things; thus the Gullþ. S. (a western Saga) uses flóð not flæðr; at the present day an Icel. from the west is ridiculed in other counties of Icel. for his flæðr. -
19 FLÆÐR
f., gen. flæðar, acc. and dat. flæði, pl. flæðar, flood-tide, high water, a word used in western Icel. instead of flóð, which is used in the south, north, and east; þá var flæðrin síð dags, Eg. 600; flæðr sævar, Sturl. ii. 70; í sandi þar er flæðr gékk yfir (í flæðar-máli, Landn. l. c.), Fms. i. 248; biðu þeir flæðar, Eg. 129; af nálægð tunglsins vaxa flæðar, Rb. 478; fyrir flæðarinnar skyld, Stj. 57; at flæðum, Orkn. 428; at flæði sævar, 422; stórstraums-f., hábakka-f., smástraums-f.COMPDS: flæðarbakki, flæðarmál, flæðarmús, flæðarpyttr, flæðarsker, flæðartími, flæðarurð. -
20 FOLD
* * *f. [A. S. folde; cp. Engl. field, Germ. feld], a field of soft grass; flata-foldir, fields, Bs. ii. 79; hence fyldinn, adj., q. v. Foldir, f. pl. local name of a grassy oasis in western Icel.; rare in prose, but freq. in poetry:—generally the earth, Alm. 11, Vsp. 57, Hým. 24, Haustl. 5, Edda 97 (in a verse); á foldu, on earth, Hyndl. 40.II. the name of a fjord and county in Norway, the modern Christjania-fjord; Vest-fold, West-fold, a county; perhaps ‘fold’ is to be taken in this sense, viz. = fjörðr in Hm. 138.
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