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well-judged

  • 61 made a reply

    making a reply — отвечающий; ответ

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > made a reply

  • 62 reply

    отвечать; ответ; в ответ на

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > reply

  • 63 judge

    1. verb
    1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) juzgar
    2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) hacer de jurado
    3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) juzgar
    4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) juzgar

    2. noun
    1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) juez
    2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) jurado
    3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) conocedor, entendido
    •
    - judgment
    - judging from / to judge from
    - pass judgement on
    - pass judgement
    judge1 n juez
    judge2 vb juzgar / calcular / evaluar
    how do you judge the distance? ¿cómo calculas la distancia?
    who judged the song contest? ¿quiénes eran los jueces del festival de la canción?
    tr[ʤʌʤ]
    2 (in competition) jurado, miembro del jurado
    1 (court case) juzgar
    2 (calculate) calcular
    3 (consider) considerar
    4 (competition) hacer de jurado en
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    judging from... a juzgar por...
    to be a good judge of... ser buen,-a conocedor,-ra de..., entender mucho de...
    to be a good judge of character saber juzgar a la gente
    to judge by... a juzgar por...
    judge ['ʤʌʤ] vt, judged ; judging
    1) assess: evaluar, juzgar
    2) deem: juzgar, considerar
    3) try: juzgar (ante el tribuno)
    4)
    judging by : a juzgar por
    1) : juez mf, jueza f
    2)
    to be a good judge of : saber juzgar a, entender mucho de
    n.
    • arbitrador, -ora s.m.,f.
    • conocedor, -ora s.m.,f.
    • juez (Jurisprudencia) s.m.
    • oidor, -ora s.m.,f.
    • árbitro s.m.
    v.
    • arbitrar v.
    • distinguir v.
    • enjuiciar v.
    • juzgar v.
    • medir v.
    • opinar v.
    • sentenciar v.
    dʒʌdʒ
    I
    1) ( Law) juez mf, juez, jueza m,f, magistrado, -da m,f; ( of competition) juez mf, miembro mf del jurado; ( Sport) juez mf
    2) ( appraiser)

    he's a good judge of character — es muy buen psicólogo, tiene buen ojo para la gente


    II
    1.
    1) ( Law) \<\<case/person\>\> juzgar*; \<\<contest\>\> ser* el juez de
    2)
    a) ( estimate) \<\<size/speed\>\> calcular
    b) ( assess) \<\<situation/position\>\> evaluar*; \<\<person\>\> juzgar*; \<\<advantages\>\> valorar
    c) ( deem) juzgar*, considerar
    3) (censure, condemn) juzgar*

    2.
    vi juzgar*

    you shouldn't judge by appearances — no deberías juzgar or dejarte llevar por las apariencias

    [dʒʌdʒ]
    1. N
    1) (Jur) juez mf, juez(a) m / f

    judge of appeal — juez mf de alzadas, juez mf de apelaciones

    the judge's rules — (Brit) los derechos del detenido

    2) [of contest] juez mf, miembro mf del jurado; (Sport) árbitro m ; (in races) juez mf
    3) (=knowledgeable person) conocedor(a) m / f (of de); entendido(-a) m / f (of en); (=expert) perito(-a) m / f (of en)

    to be a good/bad judge of character — ser buen/mal psicólogo, tener/no tener psicología para conocer a la gente

    I'll be the judge of that — yo decidiré eso, lo juzgaré yo mismo

    2. VT
    1) [+ person, case, contest] juzgar; [+ matter] decidir, resolver

    who can judge this question? — ¿quién puede resolver esta cuestión?

    he judged the moment well — escogió el momento oportuno, atinó

    2) (Sport) arbitrar
    3) (=estimate) [+ weight, size, distance] calcular

    we judged the distance right/wrong — calculamos bien/mal la distancia

    4) (=consider) considerar

    I judged it to be right — lo consideré acertado, me pareció correcto

    they thought that they were going to win easily, but they judged wrong — creían que iban a ganar con facilidad, pero erraron en el juicio

    she suspected that his intentions were dishonest, and she judged right — dudaba que sus intenciones fueran honestas, y acertó en el juicio

    as far as can be judged — a mi modo de ver, según mi juicio

    3.
    VI (=act as judge) juzgar, ser juez

    judging from or to judge by his expression — a juzgar por su expresión

    to judge for o.s. — juzgar por sí mismo

    to judge of — juzgar de, opinar sobre

    who am I to judge? — ¿es que yo soy capaz de juzgar?

    as far as I can judge — por lo que puedo entender, a mi entender

    4.
    CPD

    judge advocate N — (Mil) auditor m de guerra

    * * *
    [dʒʌdʒ]
    I
    1) ( Law) juez mf, juez, jueza m,f, magistrado, -da m,f; ( of competition) juez mf, miembro mf del jurado; ( Sport) juez mf
    2) ( appraiser)

    he's a good judge of character — es muy buen psicólogo, tiene buen ojo para la gente


    II
    1.
    1) ( Law) \<\<case/person\>\> juzgar*; \<\<contest\>\> ser* el juez de
    2)
    a) ( estimate) \<\<size/speed\>\> calcular
    b) ( assess) \<\<situation/position\>\> evaluar*; \<\<person\>\> juzgar*; \<\<advantages\>\> valorar
    c) ( deem) juzgar*, considerar
    3) (censure, condemn) juzgar*

    2.
    vi juzgar*

    you shouldn't judge by appearances — no deberías juzgar or dejarte llevar por las apariencias

    English-spanish dictionary > judge

  • 64 judge

    1. noun
    1) Richter, der/Richterin, die
    2) (in contest) Preisrichter, der/-richterin, die; (Sport) Kampfrichter, der/-richterin, die; Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die; (in dispute) Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die
    3) (fig.): (connoisseur, critic) Kenner, der/Kennerin, die

    judge of character — Menschenkenner, der

    be a good judge of something — etwas gut beurteilen können

    4) (person who decides question) Schiedsrichter, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (pronounce sentence on) richten (geh.)

    judge somebody — (Law) jemandes Fall entscheiden

    2) (try) verhandeln [Fall]
    3) (act as adjudicator of) Preisrichter/-richterin sein bei; (Sport) Schiedsrichter/-richterin sein bei
    4) (form opinion about) urteilen od. ein Urteil fällen über (+ Akk.); beurteilen

    judge something [to be] necessary — etwas für od. als notwendig erachten

    5) (decide) entscheiden [Angelegenheit, Frage]
    3. intransitive verb
    (form a judgement) urteilen

    to judge by its size,... — der Größe nach zu urteilen,...

    judging or to judge by the look on his face... — nach dem Gesicht zu schließen, das er macht/machte,...

    judging from what you say,... — nach dem, was du sagst,...

    as far as I can judge,... — soweit ich es beurteilen kann,...

    * * *
    1. verb
    1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) Recht sprechen
    2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) entscheiden
    3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) beurteilen
    4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) verurteilen
    2. noun
    1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) der Richter
    2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) der/die Schiedsrichter(in)
    3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) der/die Kenner(in)
    •
    - academic.ru/40170/judgement">judgement
    - judgment
    - judging from / to judge from
    - pass judgement on
    - pass judgement
    * * *
    [ʤʌʤ]
    I. n
    1. LAW Richter(in) m(f)
    2. (at a competition) Preisrichter(in) m(f); SPORT (in boxing, gymnastics, wrestling) Punktrichter(in) m(f); (in athletics, swimming) Kampfrichter(in) m(f), Schiedsrichter(in) m(f)
    3. (expert) of literature, music, wine Kenner(in) m(f)
    let me be the \judge of that das überlassen Sie am besten meinem Urteil
    to be no \judge of art kein Kunstkenner sein
    to be a good/bad \judge of character ein guter/schlechter Menschenkenner sein
    to be [not] a good \judge of sth etw [nicht] gut beurteilen können
    II. vi
    1. (decide) urteilen
    it's too soon to \judge für ein Urteil ist es noch zu früh
    you shouldn't \judge by [or on] appearances alone man sollte nicht nur nach dem Äußeren gehen
    judging by [or from] his comments, he seems to have been misinformed seinen Äußerungen nach zu urteilen, ist er falsch informiert worden
    2. (estimate) schätzen
    I'd \judge that it'll take us five years to cover our costs ich schätze mal, dass wir fünf Jahre brauchen werden, um unsere Unkosten zu decken
    III. vt
    ▪ to \judge sb/sth jdn/etw beurteilen [o einschätzen]
    everyone present \judged the meeting [to have been] a success jeder, der anwesend war, wertete das Treffen als Erfolg
    she \judged it better not to tell him about the damage to the car sie hielt es für besser, ihm nichts von dem Schaden am Auto zu erzählen
    you can \judge for yourself how angry I was Sie können sich vorstellen, wie zornig ich war
    ▪ to \judge sth etw schätzen
    to \judge a distance eine Entfernung [ab]schätzen
    3. (pick a winner)
    ▪ to \judge sth etw als Kampfrichter [o Preisrichter] bewerten, bei etw dat Kampfrichter [o Preisrichter] sein m
    4. (rank)
    ▪ to \judge sb/sth jdn/etw beurteilen [o einstufen]
    our salespeople are \judged on [or according to] how many cars they sell unsere Verkäufer werden nach der Anzahl der Autos, die sie verkaufen, eingestuft
    5.
    ▶ you can't \judge a book by its cover ( saying) man kann eine Sache nicht nach dem äußeren Anschein beurteilen
    * * *
    [dZʌdZ]
    1. n
    1) (JUR) Richter(in) m(f); (of competition) Preisrichter(in) m(f); (SPORT) Punktrichter(in) m(f), Kampfrichter(in) m(f)

    he's a good/bad judge of character — er ist ein guter/schlechter Menschenkenner

    I'll be the judge of that — das müssen Sie mich schon selbst beurteilen lassen

    3) (BIBL)
    2. vt
    1) (JUR) person die Verhandlung führen über (+acc); case verhandeln; (God) richten
    2) competition beurteilen, bewerten; (SPORT) Punktrichter or Kampfrichter sein bei
    3) (fig: pass judgement on) ein Urteil fällen über (+acc)

    don't judge a book by its cover (prov) — man sollte nicht nach dem ersten Eindruck urteilen

    4) (= consider, assess, deem) halten für, erachten für (geh)

    this was judged to be the best way — dies wurde für die beste Methode gehalten or erachtet (geh)

    you can judge for yourself which is better — Sie können selbst beurteilen, was besser ist

    I can't judge whether he was right or wrong — ich kann nicht beurteilen, ob er recht oder unrecht hatte

    I judged from his manner that he was guilty — ich schloss aus seinem Verhalten, dass er schuldig war

    5) (= estimate) speed, width, distance etc einschätzen

    he judged the moment well — er hat den richtigen Augenblick abgepasst

    3. vi
    1) (JUR) Richter sein; (God) richten; (at competition) Preisrichter sein; (SPORT) Kampfrichter or Punktrichter sein
    2) (fig) (= pass judgement) ein Urteil fällen; (= form an opinion) (be)urteilen

    to judge by appearances —

    * * *
    judge [dʒʌdʒ]
    A s
    1. JUR Richter(in): → associate C 2, sober A 1
    2. fig Richter(in) (of über akk)
    3. a) Schiedsrichter(in) ( auch SPORT)
    b) Preisrichter(in) ( auch SPORT)
    c) SPORT Kampfrichter(in), (Boxen) Punktrichter(in), (Skispringen) Sprungrichter(in)
    4. Kenner(in):
    a (good) judge of wine ein Weinkenner;
    a good judge of character ein guter Menschenkenner;
    I am no judge of it ich kann es nicht beurteilen;
    let me be the judge of that überlasse das oder die Entscheidung darüber ruhig mir
    5. BIBEL
    a) Richter m
    b) Judges pl (als sg konstruiert)( das Buch der) Richter
    B v/t
    1. JUR
    a) einen Fall verhandeln
    b) die Verhandlung führen gegen
    2. richten (Gott):
    3. a) Wettbewerbsteilnehmer, Leistungen etc beurteilen (on nach, aufgrund)
    b) als Schieds- oder Preis- oder Kampf- oder Punktrichter(in) fungieren bei
    4. entscheiden ( sth etwas; that dass)
    5. sich ein Urteil bilden über (akk), beurteilen, einschätzen ( alle:
    by nach)
    6. betrachten als, halten für:
    he judged it better to leave er hielt es für besser zu gehen
    7. die Entfernung etc schätzen:
    I judge him to be 60 ich schätze ihn auf 60
    8. schließen, folgern ( beide:
    from, by aus)
    9. vermuten, annehmen
    C v/t
    1. JUR Richter(in) sein
    2. als Schieds- oder Preis- oder Kampf- oder Punktrichter(in) fungieren (at bei)
    3. urteilen, sich ein Urteil bilden ( beide:
    of über akk):
    as far as I can judge soweit ich das beurteilen kann;
    as far as one can judge nach menschlichem Ermessen;
    judge for yourself urteilen Sie selbst;
    judging by his words seinen Worten nach (zu urteilen)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Richter, der/Richterin, die
    2) (in contest) Preisrichter, der/-richterin, die; (Sport) Kampfrichter, der/-richterin, die; Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die; (in dispute) Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die
    3) (fig.): (connoisseur, critic) Kenner, der/Kennerin, die

    judge of character — Menschenkenner, der

    4) (person who decides question) Schiedsrichter, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (pronounce sentence on) richten (geh.)

    judge somebody — (Law) jemandes Fall entscheiden

    2) (try) verhandeln [Fall]
    3) (act as adjudicator of) Preisrichter/-richterin sein bei; (Sport) Schiedsrichter/-richterin sein bei
    4) (form opinion about) urteilen od. ein Urteil fällen über (+ Akk.); beurteilen

    judge something [to be] necessary — etwas für od. als notwendig erachten

    5) (decide) entscheiden [Angelegenheit, Frage]
    3. intransitive verb

    to judge by its size,... — der Größe nach zu urteilen,...

    judging or to judge by the look on his face... — nach dem Gesicht zu schließen, das er macht/machte,...

    judging from what you say,... — nach dem, was du sagst,...

    as far as I can judge,... — soweit ich es beurteilen kann,...

    * * *
    n.
    Jurist -en m.
    Richter - m.
    Sachverständige m.,f. (by) v.
    richten v.
    urteilen (nach) v. v.
    befinden v.
    beurteilen v.

    English-german dictionary > judge

  • 65 Judge

    1. noun
    1) Richter, der/Richterin, die
    2) (in contest) Preisrichter, der/-richterin, die; (Sport) Kampfrichter, der/-richterin, die; Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die; (in dispute) Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die
    3) (fig.): (connoisseur, critic) Kenner, der/Kennerin, die

    judge of character — Menschenkenner, der

    be a good judge of something — etwas gut beurteilen können

    4) (person who decides question) Schiedsrichter, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (pronounce sentence on) richten (geh.)

    judge somebody — (Law) jemandes Fall entscheiden

    2) (try) verhandeln [Fall]
    3) (act as adjudicator of) Preisrichter/-richterin sein bei; (Sport) Schiedsrichter/-richterin sein bei
    4) (form opinion about) urteilen od. ein Urteil fällen über (+ Akk.); beurteilen

    judge something [to be] necessary — etwas für od. als notwendig erachten

    5) (decide) entscheiden [Angelegenheit, Frage]
    3. intransitive verb
    (form a judgement) urteilen

    to judge by its size,... — der Größe nach zu urteilen,...

    judging or to judge by the look on his face... — nach dem Gesicht zu schließen, das er macht/machte,...

    judging from what you say,... — nach dem, was du sagst,...

    as far as I can judge,... — soweit ich es beurteilen kann,...

    * * *
    1. verb
    1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) Recht sprechen
    2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) entscheiden
    3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) beurteilen
    4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) verurteilen
    2. noun
    1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) der Richter
    2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) der/die Schiedsrichter(in)
    3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) der/die Kenner(in)
    •
    - academic.ru/40170/judgement">judgement
    - judgment
    - judging from / to judge from
    - pass judgement on
    - pass judgement
    * * *
    [ʤʌʤ]
    I. n
    1. LAW Richter(in) m(f)
    2. (at a competition) Preisrichter(in) m(f); SPORT (in boxing, gymnastics, wrestling) Punktrichter(in) m(f); (in athletics, swimming) Kampfrichter(in) m(f), Schiedsrichter(in) m(f)
    3. (expert) of literature, music, wine Kenner(in) m(f)
    let me be the \judge of that das überlassen Sie am besten meinem Urteil
    to be no \judge of art kein Kunstkenner sein
    to be a good/bad \judge of character ein guter/schlechter Menschenkenner sein
    to be [not] a good \judge of sth etw [nicht] gut beurteilen können
    II. vi
    1. (decide) urteilen
    it's too soon to \judge für ein Urteil ist es noch zu früh
    you shouldn't \judge by [or on] appearances alone man sollte nicht nur nach dem Äußeren gehen
    judging by [or from] his comments, he seems to have been misinformed seinen Äußerungen nach zu urteilen, ist er falsch informiert worden
    2. (estimate) schätzen
    I'd \judge that it'll take us five years to cover our costs ich schätze mal, dass wir fünf Jahre brauchen werden, um unsere Unkosten zu decken
    III. vt
    ▪ to \judge sb/sth jdn/etw beurteilen [o einschätzen]
    everyone present \judged the meeting [to have been] a success jeder, der anwesend war, wertete das Treffen als Erfolg
    she \judged it better not to tell him about the damage to the car sie hielt es für besser, ihm nichts von dem Schaden am Auto zu erzählen
    you can \judge for yourself how angry I was Sie können sich vorstellen, wie zornig ich war
    ▪ to \judge sth etw schätzen
    to \judge a distance eine Entfernung [ab]schätzen
    3. (pick a winner)
    ▪ to \judge sth etw als Kampfrichter [o Preisrichter] bewerten, bei etw dat Kampfrichter [o Preisrichter] sein m
    4. (rank)
    ▪ to \judge sb/sth jdn/etw beurteilen [o einstufen]
    our salespeople are \judged on [or according to] how many cars they sell unsere Verkäufer werden nach der Anzahl der Autos, die sie verkaufen, eingestuft
    5.
    ▶ you can't \judge a book by its cover ( saying) man kann eine Sache nicht nach dem äußeren Anschein beurteilen
    * * *
    [dZʌdZ]
    1. n
    1) (JUR) Richter(in) m(f); (of competition) Preisrichter(in) m(f); (SPORT) Punktrichter(in) m(f), Kampfrichter(in) m(f)

    he's a good/bad judge of character — er ist ein guter/schlechter Menschenkenner

    I'll be the judge of that — das müssen Sie mich schon selbst beurteilen lassen

    3) (BIBL)
    2. vt
    1) (JUR) person die Verhandlung führen über (+acc); case verhandeln; (God) richten
    2) competition beurteilen, bewerten; (SPORT) Punktrichter or Kampfrichter sein bei
    3) (fig: pass judgement on) ein Urteil fällen über (+acc)

    don't judge a book by its cover (prov) — man sollte nicht nach dem ersten Eindruck urteilen

    4) (= consider, assess, deem) halten für, erachten für (geh)

    this was judged to be the best way — dies wurde für die beste Methode gehalten or erachtet (geh)

    you can judge for yourself which is better — Sie können selbst beurteilen, was besser ist

    I can't judge whether he was right or wrong — ich kann nicht beurteilen, ob er recht oder unrecht hatte

    I judged from his manner that he was guilty — ich schloss aus seinem Verhalten, dass er schuldig war

    5) (= estimate) speed, width, distance etc einschätzen

    he judged the moment well — er hat den richtigen Augenblick abgepasst

    3. vi
    1) (JUR) Richter sein; (God) richten; (at competition) Preisrichter sein; (SPORT) Kampfrichter or Punktrichter sein
    2) (fig) (= pass judgement) ein Urteil fällen; (= form an opinion) (be)urteilen

    to judge by appearances —

    * * *
    J. abk
    1. ELEK joule
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Richter, der/Richterin, die
    2) (in contest) Preisrichter, der/-richterin, die; (Sport) Kampfrichter, der/-richterin, die; Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die; (in dispute) Schiedsrichter, der/-richterin, die
    3) (fig.): (connoisseur, critic) Kenner, der/Kennerin, die

    judge of character — Menschenkenner, der

    4) (person who decides question) Schiedsrichter, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (pronounce sentence on) richten (geh.)

    judge somebody — (Law) jemandes Fall entscheiden

    2) (try) verhandeln [Fall]
    3) (act as adjudicator of) Preisrichter/-richterin sein bei; (Sport) Schiedsrichter/-richterin sein bei
    4) (form opinion about) urteilen od. ein Urteil fällen über (+ Akk.); beurteilen

    judge something [to be] necessary — etwas für od. als notwendig erachten

    5) (decide) entscheiden [Angelegenheit, Frage]
    3. intransitive verb

    to judge by its size,... — der Größe nach zu urteilen,...

    judging or to judge by the look on his face... — nach dem Gesicht zu schließen, das er macht/machte,...

    judging from what you say,... — nach dem, was du sagst,...

    as far as I can judge,... — soweit ich es beurteilen kann,...

    * * *
    n.
    Jurist -en m.
    Richter - m.
    Sachverständige m.,f. (by) v.
    richten v.
    urteilen (nach) v. v.
    befinden v.
    beurteilen v.

    English-german dictionary > Judge

  • 66 nicely

    adverb agradablemente
    nicely adv
    1. bien
    2. amablemente
    if you ask nicely, she'll say yes si se lo pides amablemente, dirá que sí
    tr['naɪslɪ]
    1 (well) bien
    2 (properly) bien
    ■ behave nicely, dear compórtate bien, cariño
    3 familiar (very well) perfecto, estupendo
    nicely ['naɪsli] adv
    1) kindly: amablemente
    2) politely: con buenos modales
    3) attractively: de buen gusto
    'naɪsli
    1)
    a) ( amiably) <treat/smile> amablemente
    b) (politely, respectably) con buenos modales
    2)
    a) ( attractively) <presented/dressed> bien
    b) (well, satisfactorily) <get on/work> bien
    3) (finely, precisely) <judged/timed> (muy) bien, con precisión
    ['naɪslɪ]
    ADV
    1) (=well) bien

    • nicely browned — bien dorado

    • she is coming along nicely at school — en el colegio le va bien

    • that will do nicely — así está perfecto or bien

    • to be nicely placed (to do sth) — estar en buena posición (para hacer algo)

    2) (=attractively) [arranged, decorated, furnished] bien, con gusto

    • she dresses nicely — viste con muy buen gusto

    3) (=politely) [ask, say] bien, con educación
    * * *
    ['naɪsli]
    1)
    a) ( amiably) <treat/smile> amablemente
    b) (politely, respectably) con buenos modales
    2)
    a) ( attractively) <presented/dressed> bien
    b) (well, satisfactorily) <get on/work> bien
    3) (finely, precisely) <judged/timed> (muy) bien, con precisión

    English-spanish dictionary > nicely

  • 67 judge

    {dʒʌdʒ}
    I. 1. съдия
    2. арбитър, експерт, познавач, ценител
    good JUDGE of men човек, който умее да преценява хората
    to be no JUDGE of music не разбирам от музика
    3. жури, съдия, рефер
    4. pl библ. книга на Съдии израелеви
    II. 1. съдя, гледам/разглеждам дело, произнасям присъда/решение, отсъждам
    2. съдя, отсъждам, оценявам, преценявам, произнасям се по
    judging by съдейки/ако съдим по
    to JUDGE by/from appearances съдя по това, коего виждам/по външни признаци
    3. съдия/рефер/жури съм, произнасям се като съдия/рефер/жури
    4. изчислявам, пресмятам (разстояние и пр.)
    5. смятам, намирам
    to JUDGE well/ill of someone имам добро/лошо мнение за някого
    I JUDGEd it better to сметнах за по-добре да
    * * *
    {j^j} n 1. съдия; 2. арбитър, експерт; познавач, ценител;(2) {j^j} v 1. съдя; гледам/разглеждам дело; произнасям п
    * * *
    съдия; съдя; отсъждам; преценявам; арбитър; кадия;
    * * *
    1. good judge of men човек, който умее да преценява хората 2. i judged it better to сметнах за по-добре да 3. i. съдия 4. ii. съдя, гледам/разглеждам дело, произнасям присъда/решение, отсъждам 5. judging by съдейки/ако съдим по 6. pl библ. книга на Съдии израелеви 7. to be no judge of music не разбирам от музика 8. to judge by/from appearances съдя по това, коего виждам/по външни признаци 9. to judge well/ill of someone имам добро/лошо мнение за някого 10. арбитър, експерт, познавач, ценител 11. жури, съдия, рефер 12. изчислявам, пресмятам (разстояние и пр.) 13. смятам, намирам 14. съдия/рефер/жури съм, произнасям се като съдия/рефер/жури 15. съдя, отсъждам, оценявам, преценявам, произнасям се по
    * * *
    judge[dʒʌdʒ] I. n 1. съдия; a \judge of appeal апелативен (касационен) съдия; 2. експерт; познавач, ценител; a good \judge of men човек, който умее да преценява хората; 3. съдия, рефер; арбитър, член на жури; II. v 1. съдя; изслушвам процес; произнасям присъда (решение); отсъждам; to \judge in favour of отсъждам (произнасям присъда) в полза на; 2. съдя, отсъждам; оценявам, преценявам (by по); произнасям се по (върху); judging by съдейки по, ако съдим по; as far as I can \judge доколкото мога да преценя; \judge for yourself съдете (преценете) сам; 3. съдия (рефер) съм; произнасям се като съдия (рефер, член на жури, арбитър); 4. изчислявам, пресмятам (разстояние и пр.); 5. смятам, считам, намирам; I \judge him to be an honest person считам го за честен човек; to \judge well ( ill) of имам добро (лошо) мнение за някого.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > judge

  • 68 judge ****

    [dʒʌdʒ]
    1. n

    to be a good/bad judge of sth — sapere/non sapere giudicare qc

    2. vt
    Law, (assess) giudicare, (estimate: weight, size) calcolare, valutare, (consider) ritenere
    3. vi
    (act as judge) fare da giudice

    judging or to judge by his expression — a giudicare dalla sua espressione

    to judge for o.s. — giudicare da sé

    English-Italian dictionary > judge ****

  • 69 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 70 finely

    adverb delicadamente, minuciosamente, elegantemente
    tr['faɪnlɪ]
    1 (very thin, in small bits) fino, finamente
    2 (well, spendidly) elegantemente
    3 (with precision, subtly) delicadamente, minuciosamente
    finely ['faɪnli] adv
    1) excellently: con arte
    2) elegantly: elegantemente
    3) precisely: con precisión
    4)
    to chop finely : picar muy fino, picar en trozos pequeños
    'faɪnli

    to chop/dice something finely — picar*/cortar algo muy fino or menudo

    b) ( subtly) < adjust> con precisión
    ['faɪnlɪ]
    ADV
    1) (=splendidly, well) [dressed, written] con elegancia
    2) (=delicately) [carved, woven] delicadamente
    3) (=very small) [chopped] en trozos muy menudos, muy fino; [sliced] en rodajas finas, en lonchas finas
    4) (=with precision) [tuned, judged] con precisión
    * * *
    ['faɪnli]

    to chop/dice something finely — picar*/cortar algo muy fino or menudo

    b) ( subtly) < adjust> con precisión

    English-spanish dictionary > finely

  • 71 considered

    1. a обдуманный, продуманный; взвешенный

    it is my considered opinion that … — я твёрдо убеждён, что …

    2. a амер. уважаемый
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. carefully thought about (adj.) carefully thought about; contemplated; determined; examined; heeded; investigated; taken into account; thought over
    2. deliberate (adj.) advised; aforethought; calculated; deliberate; deliberated; designed; given due consideration; intentional; premeditated; prepense; studied; studious; thought-out; weighed; well advised; well chosen; willful
    3. considered (verb) cogitated; considered; entertained; studied; think over
    4. contemplated (verb) contemplated; minded; pondered; thought out; thought over; weighed
    5. dealt (verb) dealt; take up; treated
    6. eyed (verb) eyed; gazed upon; looked at; looked upon
    7. felt (verb) believed; credited; felt; held; judged; opined; sensed; thought
    8. looked (verb) accounted; deemed; gazed; looked; reckoned; regarded; viewed
    9. valued (verb) admired; esteemed; honoured; regarded; respected; valued

    English-Russian base dictionary > considered

  • 72 Theater, Portuguese

       There are two types of theater in Portugal: classical or "serious" theater and light theater, or the Theater of Review, largely the Revistas de Lisboa (Lisbon Reviews). Modern theater, mostly but not exclusively centered in Lisbon, experienced an unfortunate impact from official censorship during the Estado Novo (1926-74). Following laws passed in 1927, the government decreed that, as a cultural activity, any theatrical presentations that were judged "offensive in law, in morality and in decent customs" were prohibited. One consequence that derived from the risk of prohibition was that directors and playwrights began to practice self-censorship. This discouraged liberal and experimental theatrical work, weakened commercial investment in theater, and made employment in much theater a risky business, with indifferent public support.
       Despite these political obstacles and the usual risks and difficulties of producing live theater in competition first with emerging cinema and then with television (which began in any case only after 1957), some good theatrical work flourished. Two of the century's greatest repertory actresses, Amélia Rey-Colaço (1898-1990) and Maria Matos (1890-1962), put together talented acting companies and performed well-received classical theater. Two periods witnessed a brief diminution of censorship: following World War II (1945-47) and during Prime Minister Marcello Caetano's government (1968-74). Although Portuguese playwrights also produced comedies and dramas, some of the best productions reached the stage under the authorship of foreign playwrights: Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Miller, and others.
       A major new phase of Portuguese serious theater began in the 1960s, with the staging of challenging plays by playwrights José Cardoso Pires, Luis Sttau Monteiro, and Bernardo Santareno. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, more funds for experimental theater have become available, and government censorship ceased. As in so much of Western European theater, however, the general public tended to favor not plays with serious content but techno-hits that featured foreign imports, including musicals, or homegrown musicals on familiar themes. Nevertheless, after 1974, the theater scene was enlivened, not only in Lisbon, but also in Oporto, Coimbra, and other cities.
       The Theater of Review, or light theater, was introduced to Portugal in the 19th century and was based largely on French models. Adapted to the Portuguese scene, the Lisbon reviews featured pageantry, costume, comic skits, music (including the ever popular fado), dance, and slapstick humor and satire. Despite censorship, its heyday occurred actually during the Estado Novo, before 1968. Of all the performing arts, the Lisbon reviews enjoyed the greatest freedom from official political censorship. Certain periods featured more limited censorship, as cited earlier (1945-47 and 1968-74). The main venue of the Theater of Review was located in central Lisbon's Parque Mayer, an amusement park that featured four review theaters: Maria Vitória, Variedades, Capitólio, and ABC.
       Many actors and stage designers, as well as some musicians, served their apprenticeship in the Lisbon reviews before they moved into film and television. Noted fado singers, the fadistas, and composers plied their trade in Parque Mayer and built popular followings. The subjects of the reviews, often with provocative titles, varied greatly and followed contemporary social, economic, and even political fashion and trends, but audiences especially liked satire directed against convention and custom. If political satire was not passed by the censor in the press or on television, sometimes the Lisbon reviews, by the use of indirection and allegory, could get by with subtle critiques of some personalities in politics and society. A humorous stereotyping of customs of "the people," usually conceived of as Lisbon street people or naive "country bumpkins," was also popular. To a much greater degree than in classical, serious theater, the Lisbon review audiences steadily supported this form of public presentation. But the zenith of this form of theater had been passed by the late 1960s as audiences dwindled, production expenses rose, and film and television offered competition.
       The hopes that governance under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano would bring a new season of freedom of expression in the light theater or serious theater were dashed by 1970-71, as censorship again bore down. With revolution in the offing, change was in the air, and could be observed in a change of review show title. A Lisbon review show title on the eve of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, was altered from: 'To See, to Hear... and Be Quiet" to the suggestive, "To See, to Hear... and to Talk." The review theater experienced several difficult years after 1980, and virtually ceased to exist in Parque Mayer. In the late 1990s, nevertheless, this traditional form of entertainment underwent a gradual revival. Audiences again began to troop to renovated theater space in the amusement park to enjoy once again new lively and humorous reviews, cast for a new century and applied to Portugal today.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Theater, Portuguese

  • 73 work

    work [wɜ:k]
    travail ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 1 (g) œuvre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (f) besogne ⇒ 1 (b) emploi ⇒ 1 (c) ouvrage ⇒ 1 (f) recherches ⇒ 1 (g) travailler ⇒ 2A (a)-(e), 3A (b), 3A (c), 3A (e), 3C (a) fonctionner ⇒ 2B (a) marcher ⇒ 2B (a), 2B (b) réussir ⇒ 2B (b) agir ⇒ 2B (c), 2B (d) faire travailler ⇒ 3A (a) faire marcher ⇒ 3B (a) façonner ⇒ 3C (a) mécanisme ⇒ 4 1 (a) travaux ⇒ 4 1 (b) usine ⇒ 4 2 (a)
    1 noun
    (a) (effort, activity) travail m, œuvre f;
    ∎ computers take some of the work out of filing les ordinateurs facilitent le classement;
    ∎ this report needs more work il y a encore du travail à faire sur ce rapport, ce rapport demande plus de travail;
    ∎ she's done a lot of work for charity elle a beaucoup travaillé pour des associations caritatives;
    ∎ it will take a lot of work to make a team out of them ça va être un drôle de travail de faire d'eux une équipe;
    ∎ keep up the good work! continuez comme ça!;
    ∎ nice or good work! c'est du bon travail!, bravo!;
    ∎ that's fine work or a fine piece of work c'est du beau travail;
    ∎ your work has been useful vous avez fait du travail utile;
    ∎ work on the tunnel is to start in March (existing tunnel) les travaux sur le tunnel doivent commencer en mars; (new tunnel) la construction du tunnel doit commencer en mars;
    ∎ work in progress Administration travail en cours; Accountancy travaux mpl en cours, inventaire m de production; (sign) travaux en cours;
    ∎ she put a lot of work into that book elle a beaucoup travaillé sur ce livre;
    ∎ to make work for sb compliquer la vie à qn;
    ∎ to start work, to set to work se mettre au travail;
    ∎ she set or she went to work on the contract elle a commencé à travailler sur le contrat;
    ∎ he set to work undermining their confidence il a entrepris de saper leur confiance;
    ∎ I set him to work (on) painting the kitchen je lui ai donné la cuisine à peindre;
    ∎ they put him to work in the kitchen ils l'ont mis au travail dans la cuisine;
    ∎ let's get (down) to work! (mettons-nous) au travail!;
    ∎ proverb all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy beaucoup de travail et peu de loisirs ne réussissent à personne
    (b) (duty, task) travail m, besogne f;
    ∎ I've got loads of work to do j'ai énormément de travail à faire;
    ∎ she gave us too much work elle nous a donné trop de travail;
    ∎ he's trying to get some work done il essaie de travailler un peu;
    ∎ they do their work well ils travaillent bien, ils font du bon travail;
    ∎ it's hard work c'est du travail, ce n'est pas facile;
    ∎ it's thirsty work ça donne soif;
    ∎ to make short or light work of sth expédier qch;
    ∎ figurative to make short work of sb ne faire qu'une bouchée de qn;
    ∎ familiar it's nice work if you can get it! c'est une bonne planque, encore faut-il la trouver!
    (c) (paid employment) travail m, emploi m;
    ∎ what (kind of) work do you do? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?, quel travail faites-vous?;
    ∎ I do translation work je suis traducteur, je fais des traductions;
    ∎ to find work trouver du travail;
    ∎ to look for work chercher du travail ou un emploi;
    ∎ to be in work travailler, avoir un emploi;
    ∎ to be out of work être au chômage ou sans travail ou sans emploi;
    ∎ he had a week off work (holiday) il a pris une semaine de vacances; (illness) il n'est pas allé au travail pendant une semaine;
    ∎ to take time off work prendre des congés;
    ∎ she's off work today elle ne travaille pas aujourd'hui;
    ∎ to do a full day's work faire une journée entière de travail;
    ∎ people out of work (gen) les chômeurs mpl; Administration & Economics les inactifs mpl
    (d) (place of employment) travail m; Administration lieu m de travail;
    ∎ I go to work by bus je vais au travail en bus;
    ∎ I'm late for work je suis en retard pour le travail;
    ∎ he's a friend from work c'est un collègue;
    ∎ where is your (place of) work? où travaillez-vous?, quel est votre lieu de travail?;
    ∎ on her way home from work en rentrant du travail
    (e) (papers, material etc being worked on) travail m;
    ∎ to take work home prendre du travail à la maison;
    ∎ her work was all over the table son travail était étalé sur la table
    (f) (creation, artefact etc) œuvre f; (on smaller scale) ouvrage m; Sewing ouvrage m;
    ∎ it's all my own work j'ai tout fait moi-même;
    ∎ it's an interesting piece of work (gen) c'est un travail intéressant; Art, Literature & Music c'est une œuvre intéressante;
    ∎ very detailed/delicate work (embroidery, carving etc) ouvrage très détaillé/délicat;
    ∎ these formations are the work of the wind ces formations sont l'œuvre du vent;
    ∎ the silversmith sells much of his work to hotels l'orfèvre vend une grande partie de ce qu'il fait ou de son travail à des hôtels;
    ∎ the complete works of Shakespeare les œuvres complètes ou l'œuvre de Shakespeare;
    ∎ a new work on Portugal un nouvel ouvrage sur le Portugal;
    ∎ a work of art une œuvre d'art;
    ∎ works of fiction des ouvrages de fiction
    (g) (research) travail m, recherches fpl;
    ∎ there hasn't been a lot of work done on the subject peu de travail a été fait ou peu de recherches ont été faites sur le sujet
    (h) (deed) œuvre f, acte m;
    ∎ good works bonnes œuvres fpl;
    ∎ each man will be judged by his works chaque homme sera jugé selon ses œuvres;
    ∎ charitable works actes mpl de charité, actes mpl charitables;
    ∎ the murder is the work of a madman le meurtre est l'œuvre d'un fou
    (i) (effect) effet m;
    ∎ wait until the medicine has done its work attendez que le médicament ait agi ou ait produit son effet
    (j) Physics travail m
    A.
    (a) (exert effort on a specific task, activity etc) travailler;
    ∎ we worked for hours cleaning the house nous avons passé des heures à faire le ménage;
    ∎ they worked in the garden ils ont fait du jardinage;
    ∎ we work hard nous travaillons dur;
    ∎ she's working on a novel just now elle travaille à un roman en ce moment;
    ∎ a detective is working on this case un détective est sur cette affaire;
    ∎ he works at or on keeping himself fit il fait de l'exercice pour garder la forme;
    ∎ we have to work to a deadline nous devons respecter des délais dans notre travail;
    ∎ we have to work to a budget nous devons travailler avec un certain budget;
    ∎ I've worked with the handicapped before j'ai déjà travaillé avec les handicapés;
    ∎ I work with the Spanish on that project je travaille (en collaboration) avec les Espagnols sur ce projet
    (b) (be employed) travailler;
    ∎ he works as a teacher il a un poste d'enseignant;
    ∎ I work in advertising je travaille dans la publicité;
    ∎ who do you work for? chez qui est-ce que vous travaillez?;
    ∎ she works in or for a bank elle travaille dans ou pour une banque;
    ∎ I work a forty-hour week je travaille quarante heures par semaine, je fais une semaine de quarante heures;
    ∎ to work for a living travailler pour gagner sa vie;
    ∎ Industry to work to rule faire la grève du zèle
    ∎ to work for a good cause travailler pour une bonne cause;
    ∎ they're working for better international relations ils s'efforcent d'améliorer les relations internationales
    (d) (study) travailler, étudier;
    ∎ you're going to have to work if you want to pass the exam il va falloir que tu travailles ou que tu étudies si tu veux avoir ton examen
    ∎ this sculptor works in or with copper ce sculpteur travaille avec le cuivre;
    ∎ she has always worked in or with watercolours elle a toujours travaillé avec de la peinture à l'eau
    B.
    (a) (function, operate → machine, brain, system) fonctionner, marcher;
    ∎ the lift doesn't work at night l'ascenseur ne marche pas la nuit;
    ∎ the lift never works l'ascenseur est toujours en panne;
    ∎ the radio works off batteries la radio fonctionne avec des piles;
    ∎ a pump worked by hand une pompe actionnée à la main ou manuellement;
    ∎ they soon got or had it working ils sont vite parvenus à le faire fonctionner;
    ∎ she sat still, her brain or her mind working furiously elle était assise immobile, le cerveau en ébullition;
    ∎ figurative everything worked smoothly tout s'est déroulé comme prévu;
    ∎ your idea just won't work ton idée ne peut pas marcher;
    ∎ this relationship isn't working cette relation ne marche pas;
    ∎ that argument works both ways ce raisonnement est à double tranchant;
    ∎ how does the law work exactly? comment la loi fonctionne-t-elle exactement?
    (b) (produce results, succeed) marcher, réussir;
    ∎ it worked brilliantly ça a très bien marché;
    ∎ their scheme didn't work leur complot a échoué;
    ∎ that/flattery won't work with me ça/la flatterie ne prend pas avec moi
    (c) (drug, medicine) agir, produire ou faire son effet
    (d) (act) agir;
    ∎ the acid works as a catalyst l'acide agit comme ou sert de catalyseur;
    ∎ events have worked against us/in our favour les événements ont agi contre nous/en notre faveur;
    ∎ I'm working on the assumption that they'll sign the contract je pars du principe qu'ils signeront le contrat
    C.
    ∎ to work loose se desserrer;
    ∎ to work free se libérer;
    ∎ the nail worked through the sole of my shoe le clou est passé à travers la semelle de ma chaussure
    (b) (face, mouth) se contracter, se crisper
    (c) (ferment) fermenter
    A.
    (a) (worker, employee, horse) faire travailler;
    ∎ the boss works his staff hard le patron exige beaucoup de travail de ses employés;
    ∎ you work yourself too hard tu te surmènes;
    ∎ to work oneself to death se tuer à la tâche;
    ∎ to work one's fingers to the bone s'user au travail
    ∎ they worked their passage to India ils ont payé leur passage en Inde en travaillant;
    ∎ I worked my way through college j'ai travaillé pour payer mes études à l'université
    ∎ he works the southern sales area il travaille pour le service commercial de la région sud;
    ∎ the pollster worked both sides of the street le sondeur a enquêté des deux côtés de la rue;
    ∎ figurative the candidate worked the crowd le candidat s'efforçait de soulever l'enthousiasme de la foule;
    ∎ a real-estate agent who works the phones un agent immobilier qui fait de la prospection par téléphone;
    ∎ she works the bars (prostitute) elle travaille dans les bars
    (d) (achieve, accomplish)
    ∎ the new policy will work major changes la nouvelle politique opérera ou entraînera des changements importants;
    ∎ the story worked its magic or its charm on the public l'histoire a enchanté le public;
    ∎ to work a spell on sb jeter un sort à qn;
    ∎ to work miracles faire ou accomplir des miracles;
    ∎ to work wonders faire merveille;
    ∎ she has worked wonders with the children elle a fait des merveilles avec les enfants
    (e) (make use of, exploit → land) travailler, cultiver; (→ mine, quarry) exploiter, faire valoir
    B.
    (a) (operate) faire marcher, faire fonctionner;
    ∎ this switch works the furnace ce bouton actionne ou commande la chaudière;
    ∎ he knows how to work the drill il sait se servir de la perceuse
    ∎ I worked the handle up and down j'ai remué la poignée de haut en bas;
    ∎ to work one's hands free parvenir à dégager ses mains;
    ∎ she worked the ropes loose elle a réussi à desserrer les cordes petit à petit
    ∎ I worked my way along the ledge j'ai longé la saillie avec précaution;
    ∎ he worked his way down/up the cliff il a descendu/monté la falaise lentement;
    ∎ the beggar worked his way towards us le mendiant s'est approché de nous;
    ∎ they worked their way through the list ils ont traité chaque élément de la liste tour à tour;
    ∎ he's worked his way through the whole grant il a épuisé toute la subvention;
    ∎ a band of rain working its way across the country un front de pluie qui traverse le pays;
    ∎ they have worked themselves into a corner ils se sont mis dans une impasse
    (d) familiar (contrive) s'arranger;
    ∎ she managed to work a few days off elle s'est arrangée ou s'est débrouillée pour avoir quelques jours de congé;
    ∎ I worked it or worked things so that she's never alone j'ai fait en sorte qu'elle ou je me suis arrangé pour qu'elle ne soit jamais seule
    C.
    (a) (shape → leather, metal, stone) travailler, façonner; (→ clay, dough) travailler, pétrir; (→ object, sculpture) façonner; Sewing (design, initials) broder;
    ∎ she worked the silver into earrings elle a travaillé l'argent pour en faire des boucles d'oreilles;
    ∎ she worked a figure out of the wood elle a sculpté une silhouette dans le bois;
    ∎ the flowers are worked in silk les fleurs sont brodées en soie;
    ∎ work the putty into the right consistency travaillez le mastic pour lui donner la consistance voulue
    ∎ gently work the cream into your hands massez-vous les mains pour faire pénétrer la crème;
    ∎ work the dye into the surface of the leather faites pénétrer la teinture dans le cuir
    (c) (excite, provoke)
    ∎ the orator worked the audience into a frenzy l'orateur a enflammé ou a galvanisé le public;
    ∎ she worked herself into a rage elle s'est mise dans une colère noire
    (a) (mechanism) mécanisme m, rouages mpl; (of clock) mouvement m;
    ∎ familiar to foul up or to gum up the works tout foutre en l'air
    (b) Building industry travaux mpl; (installation) installations fpl;
    ∎ road works travaux mpl; (sign) travaux;
    ∎ Minister/Ministry of Works ministre m/ministère m des Travaux publics
    2 noun
    ∎ a printing works une imprimerie;
    ∎ a gas works une usine à gaz;
    ∎ price ex works prix m sortie usine
    ∎ the (whole) works tout le bataclan ou le tralala;
    ∎ they had eggs, bacon, toast, the works ils mangeaient des œufs, du bacon, du pain grillé, tout, quoi!;
    ∎ American to shoot the works jouer le grand jeu;
    ∎ American we shot the works on the project nous avons mis le paquet sur le projet;
    ∎ to give sb the works (special treatment) dérouler le tapis rouge pour qn; (beating) passer qn à tabac
    ∎ to be at work on sth/(on) doing sth travailler (à) qch/à faire qch;
    ∎ he's at work on a new book il travaille à un nouveau livre;
    ∎ they're hard at work painting the house ils sont en plein travail, ils repeignent la maison
    ∎ there are several factors at work here il y a plusieurs facteurs qui entrent en jeu ou qui jouent ici;
    ∎ there are evil forces at work des forces mauvaises sont en action
    ∎ she's at work (gen) elle est au travail; (office) elle est au bureau; (factory) elle est à l'usine;
    ∎ I'll phone you at work je t'appellerai au travail;
    ∎ we met at work on s'est connus au travail
    ►► work area (in school, home) coin m de travail; Computing zone f de travail;
    works band fanfare m (d'une entreprise);
    work camp (prison) camp m de travail; (voluntary) chantier m de travail;
    American work coat blouse f;
    works committee, works council comité m d'entreprise;
    work ethic = exaltation des valeurs liées au travail;
    work experience stage m (en entreprise);
    ∎ the course includes two months' work experience le programme comprend un stage en entreprise de deux mois;
    American work farm = camp de travail forcé où les détenus travaillent la terre;
    Computing work file fichier m de travail;
    work flow déroulement m des opérations;
    work group groupe m de travail;
    works manager directeur(trice) m,f d'usine;
    work party (of soldiers) escouade f; (of prisoners) groupe m de travail;
    work permit permis m de travail;
    Computing work sheet feuille f de travail;
    work space (at home) coin-travail m; (in office) & Computing espace m de travail;
    ∎ I need more work space j'ai besoin de plus d'espace pour travailler;
    work surface surface f de travail;
    American work week semaine f de travail
    travailler;
    ∎ while he worked away at fixing the furnace tandis qu'il travaillait à réparer la chaudière;
    ∎ we worked away all evening nous avons passé la soirée à travailler
    glisser;
    ∎ her socks had worked down around her ankles ses chaussettes étaient tombées sur ses chevilles
    (a) (incorporate) incorporer;
    ∎ work the ointment in thoroughly faites bien pénétrer la pommade;
    ∎ Cookery work the butter into the flour incorporez le beurre à la farine
    (b) (insert) faire entrer ou introduire petit à petit;
    ∎ he worked in a few sly remarks about the boss il a réussi à glisser quelques réflexions sournoises sur le patron;
    ∎ I'll try and work the translation in some time this week (into schedule) j'essayerai de (trouver le temps de) faire la traduction dans le courant de la semaine
    (a) (dispose of → fat, weight) se débarrasser de, éliminer; (→ anxiety, frustration) passer, assouvir;
    ∎ I worked off my excess energy chopping wood j'ai dépensé mon trop-plein d'énergie en cassant du bois;
    ∎ he worked off his tensions by running il s'est défoulé en faisant du jogging;
    ∎ to work off one's anger on sb passer sa colère sur qn
    (b) (debt, obligation)
    ∎ it took him three months to work off his debt il a dû travailler trois mois pour rembourser son emprunt
    ➲ work on
    (a) (person) essayer de convaincre;
    ∎ we've been working on him but he still won't go nous avons essayé de le persuader mais il ne veut toujours pas y aller;
    ∎ I'll work on her je vais m'occuper d'elle
    (b) (task, problem)
    ∎ the police are working on who stole the jewels la police s'efforce de retrouver celui qui a volé les bijoux;
    ∎ he's been working on his breaststroke/emotional problems il a travaillé sa brasse/essayé de résoudre ses problèmes sentimentaux;
    ∎ have you got any ideas? - I'm working on it as-tu des idées? - je cherche
    ∎ have you any data to work on? avez-vous des données sur lesquelles vous fonder?
    (continue to work) continuer à travailler
    (a) (discharge fully) acquitter en travaillant;
    ∎ to work out one's notice faire son préavis
    (b) (calculate → cost, distance, sum) calculer; (→ answer, total) trouver;
    ∎ I work it out at £22 d'après mes calculs, ça fait 22 livres
    (c) (solve → calculation, problem) résoudre; (→ puzzle) faire, résoudre; (→ code) déchiffrer;
    ∎ have they worked out their differences? est-ce qu'ils ont réglé ou résolu leurs différends?;
    ∎ I'm sure we can work this thing out (your problem) je suis sûr que nous pouvons arranger ça; (our argument) je suis sûr que nous finirons par nous mettre d'accord;
    ∎ things will work themselves out les choses s'arrangeront toutes seules ou d'elles-mêmes
    (d) (formulate → idea, plan) élaborer, combiner; (→ agreement, details) mettre au point;
    ∎ to work out a solution trouver une solution;
    ∎ have you worked out yet when it's due to start? est-ce que tu sais quand ça doit commencer?;
    ∎ she had it all worked out elle avait tout planifié;
    ∎ we worked out an easier route nous avons trouvé un itinéraire plus facile
    (e) (figure out) arriver à comprendre;
    ∎ I finally worked out why he was acting so strangely j'ai enfin découvert ou compris pourquoi il se comportait si bizarrement;
    ∎ the dog had worked out how to open the door le chien avait compris comment ouvrir la porte;
    ∎ I can't work her out je n'arrive pas à la comprendre;
    ∎ I can't work their relationship out leurs rapports me dépassent
    (f) (mine, well) épuiser
    (a) (happen) se passer;
    ∎ it depends on how things work out ça dépend de la façon dont les choses se passent;
    ∎ the trip worked out as planned le voyage s'est déroulé comme prévu;
    ∎ I wonder how it will all work out je me demande comment tout cela va s'arranger;
    ∎ it all worked out for the best tout a fini par s'arranger pour le mieux;
    ∎ but it didn't work out that way mais il en a été tout autrement;
    ∎ it worked out badly for them les choses ont mal tourné pour eux
    (b) (have a good result → job, plan) réussir; (→ problem, puzzle) se résoudre;
    ∎ she worked out fine as personnel director elle s'est bien débrouillée comme directeur du personnel;
    ∎ are things working out for you OK? est-ce que ça se passe bien pour toi?;
    ∎ did the new job work out? ça a marché pour le nouveau boulot?;
    ∎ it didn't work out between them les choses ont plutôt mal tourné entre eux;
    ∎ their project didn't work out leur projet est tombé à l'eau
    ∎ how much does it all work out at? ça fait combien en tout?;
    ∎ the average price for an apartment works out to or at $5,000 per square metre le prix moyen d'un appartement s'élève ou revient à 5000 dollars le mètre carré;
    ∎ that works out at three hours a week ça fait trois heures par semaine;
    ∎ electric heating works out expensive le chauffage électrique revient cher
    (d) (exercise) faire de l'exercice; (professional athlete) s'entraîner
    (a) American (revise) revoir, réviser
    (b) familiar (beat up) tabasser, passer à tabac
    (a) (turn) tourner;
    ∎ the wind worked round to the north le vent a tourné au nord petit à petit
    ∎ he finally worked round to the subject of housing il a fini par aborder le sujet du logement;
    ∎ what's she working round to? où veut-elle en venir?
    ∎ (bring round) I worked the conversation round to my salary j'ai amené la conversation sur la question de mon salaire
    (a) (insert) faire passer à travers
    ∎ we worked our way through the crowd nous nous sommes frayé un chemin à travers la foule;
    ∎ he worked his way through the book il a lu le livre du début à la fin;
    ∎ figurative I worked the problem through j'ai étudié le problème sous tous ses aspects
    ∎ she worked through lunch elle a travaillé pendant l'heure du déjeuner
    ∎ he worked through his emotional problems il a réussi à assumer ses problèmes affectifs
    ➲ work up
    (a) (stir up, rouse) exciter, provoquer;
    ∎ he worked up the crowd il a excité la foule;
    ∎ he worked the crowd up into a frenzy il a rendu la foule frénétique;
    ∎ he works himself up or he gets himself worked up over nothing il s'énerve pour rien;
    ∎ she had worked herself up into a dreadful rage elle s'était mise dans une rage terrible
    (b) (develop) développer;
    ∎ I want to work these ideas up into an article je veux développer ces idées pour en faire un article;
    ∎ to work up an appetite se mettre en appétit;
    ∎ we worked up a sweat/a thirst playing tennis jouer au tennis nous a donné chaud/soif;
    ∎ I can't work up any enthusiasm for this work je n'arrive pas à avoir le moindre enthousiasme pour ce travail;
    ∎ he tried to work up an interest in the cause il a essayé de s'intéresser à la cause
    ∎ to work one's way up faire son chemin;
    ∎ she worked her way up from secretary to managing director elle a commencé comme secrétaire et elle a fait son chemin jusqu'au poste de P-DG;
    ∎ I worked my way up from nothing je suis parti de rien
    (a) (clothing) remonter
    ∎ the film was working up to a climax le film approchait de son point culminant;
    ∎ things were working up to a crisis une crise se préparait, on était au bord d'une crise;
    ∎ she's working up to what she wanted to ask elle en vient à ce qu'elle voulait demander;
    ∎ what are you working up to? où veux-tu en venir?

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > work

  • 74 landing

    landing n
    посадка
    land v
    совершать посадку
    accuracy landing
    точная посадка
    achieve a smooth landing
    достигать плавной посадки
    aerodrome of intended landing
    аэродром предполагаемой посадки
    aft landing gear
    задняя опора шасси
    aircraft landing
    посадка воздушного судна
    aircraft landing measurement system
    система измерения посадочных параметров воздушного судна
    allowable landing weight
    допустимая посадочная масса
    all-weather landing capability
    способность выполнять посадку в сложных метеорологических условиях
    amphibious landing gear
    колесно-поплавковое шасси
    angle of landing
    посадочный угол
    approach landing
    заход на посадку
    arresting landing gear
    тормозной механизм
    asymmetric thrust landing
    посадка с асимметричной тягой
    autoflare landing
    посадка с автоматическим выравниванием
    automatic landing
    автоматическая посадка
    automatic landing system
    система автоматической посадки
    autorotation landing
    посадка на авторотации
    auxiliary landing field
    запасная посадочная площадка
    bad weather landing
    посадка в сложных метеоусловиях
    balked landing
    уход на второй круг
    balked landing path
    траектория прерванной посадки
    be forced landing
    быть вынужденным совершить посадку
    belly landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    below the landing minima
    ниже посадочного минимума
    bicycle landing gear
    велосипедная шестерня
    blind landing
    посадка по приборам
    blind landing system
    система слепой посадки
    body landing gear
    фюзеляжное шасси
    bogie-type landing gear
    тележечное шасси
    bounced landing
    резкое вертикальное перемещение при посадке
    bumpy landing
    грубая посадка
    cantilever landing gear
    консольное шасси
    carry out a landing
    выполнять посадку
    castor landing gear
    шасси с ориентирующими колесами
    clear landing
    разрешать выполнение посадки
    collapsed landing gear
    поврежденное шасси
    commence the landing procedure
    начинать посадку
    commit landing
    принимать решение идти на посадку
    compulsory landing
    принудительная посадка
    contact landing
    посадка с визуальной ориентировкой
    conventional takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно обычной схемы взлета и посадки
    correct landing
    точная посадка
    crash landing
    аварийная посадка
    crash landing strip
    аварийная посадочная полоса
    cross-wind landing
    посадка при боковом ветре
    day landing
    посадка в светлое время суток
    dead-engine landing
    посадка с отказавшим двигателем
    dead-stick landing
    посадка с неработающим воздушным винтом
    deck landing
    посадка на палубу
    design landing mass
    расчетная посадочная масса
    design landing weight
    расчетная посадочная масса
    direction for landing
    направление посадки
    distress landing
    аварийная посадка
    downwind landing
    посадка по ветру
    dummy landing gear
    макетное шасси
    electronic landing aids system
    радиоэлектронная система посадочных средств
    emergency landing
    аварийная посадка
    emergency landing gear
    аварийное шасси
    emergency landing gear extension
    аварийный выпуск шасси
    emergency landing provisions
    меры на случай аварийной посадки
    engine-out landing
    посадка с отказавшим двигателем
    evacuation in crash landing
    покидание после аварийной посадки
    extend the landing gear
    выпускать шасси
    fail to extend landing gear
    ошибочно не выпускать шасси
    fail to retract landing gear
    ошибочно не убрать шасси
    fear-up landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    fee per landing
    сбор за посадку
    fixed landing gear
    неубирающееся шасси
    flap landing position
    посадочное положение закрылков
    flapless landing
    посадка с убранными закрылками
    flaps landing setting
    установка закрылков на посадочный угол
    float-type landing gear
    поплавковое шасси
    forced landing
    вынужденная посадка
    forward retracting landing gear
    шасси, убирающееся вперед
    four-wheel bogie landing gear
    многоопорное тележечное шасси
    free-fall landing gear
    шасси, выпускающееся под действием собственной массы
    from landing operations
    действия после посадки
    from landing taxiing
    руление после посадки
    full-circle landing
    посадка с выполнением полного круга захода
    full-stop landing
    посадка с полной остановкой
    gear-down landing
    посадка с выпущенным шасси
    glide landing
    посадка с этапа планирования
    glide-path landing system
    глиссадная система посадки
    grass landing area
    посадочная площадка с травяным покрытием
    ground-controlled landing
    посадка по командам с земли
    ground taxi from landing operation
    руление после посадки
    hard landing
    грубая посадка
    helicopter-type landing
    посадка по вертолетному типу
    hull equipped landing gear
    поплавковое шасси
    improper landing flareout
    ошибка при выравнивании перед приземлением
    inadvertently retracted landing gear
    ошибочно убранное шасси
    instrument approach landing
    заход на посадку по приборам
    instrument landing
    посадка по приборам
    instrument landing approach
    заход на посадку по приборам
    instrument landing system
    система посадки по приборам
    intended landing
    ожидаемая посадка
    intermediate landing
    посадка на маршруте полета
    inward retracting landing gear
    шасси, убирающееся в фюзеляж
    kill the landing speed
    гасить посадочную скорость
    land after procedure
    послепосадочный маневр
    land downwind
    совершать посадку в направлении ветра
    landing accident
    происшествие при посадке
    landing aerodrome
    аэродром посадки
    landing after last light
    посадка после захода солнца
    landing aids
    посадочные средства
    landing approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку
    landing area facilities
    оборудование зоны посадки
    landing beacon
    посадочный маяк
    landing beam
    посадочный луч
    landing beside fix
    посадка вне намеченной точки
    landing capability
    управляемость при посадке
    landing capacity
    пропускная способность по числу посадок
    landing characteristics
    посадочные характеристики
    landing charge
    сбор за посадку
    landing chart
    схема посадки
    landing clearance
    разрешение на посадку
    landing clearance confirmation
    подтверждение разрешения на посадку
    landing conditions
    условия посадки
    landing configuration
    конфигурация при посадке
    landing control
    управление посадкой
    landing direction-finding station
    посадочная радиопеленгаторная станция
    landing direction indicator
    указатель направления посадки
    landing direction indicator lights
    огни указателя направления посадки
    landing direction lights
    огни направления посадки
    landing distance
    посадочная дистанция
    landing distance available
    располагаемая посадочная дистанция
    landing distance with reverse thrust
    посадочная дистанция при включенном реверсе
    landing field
    посадочная площадка
    landing flap
    посадочный щиток
    landing flare
    выравнивание перед приземлением
    landing flare path
    траектория выравнивания перед приземлением
    landing floodlight
    посадочный прожектор заливающего света
    landing forecast
    прогноз на момент посадки
    landing gear
    опора шасси
    landing gear bogie
    тележка шасси
    landing gear cycle
    цикл уборки - выпуска шасси
    landing gear door
    створка шасси
    landing gear door latch
    замок створки шасси
    landing gear drop tests
    динамические испытания шасси
    landing gear extention time
    время выпуска шасси
    landing gear fairing
    гондола шасси
    landing gear fulcrum
    траверса стойки шасси
    landing gear indication system
    система индикации положения шасси
    landing gear is down and locked
    шасси выпущено и установлено на замки выпущенного положения
    landing gear locking pin
    предохранительный штырь шасси
    landing gear malfunction
    отказ механизма уборки - выпуска шасси
    landing gear operating speed
    скорость выпуска - уборки шасси
    landing gear pilot
    ось вращения стойки шасси
    landing gear pilot pin
    цапфа шасси
    landing gear position indicator
    указатель положения шасси
    landing gear shock strut
    амортизационная опора шасси
    landing gear spat
    обтекатель шасси
    (не убирающегося в полете) landing gear tread
    колея шасси
    landing gear well
    ниша шасси
    landing gear well dome
    ниша отсека шасси
    landing gear wheel
    колесо опоры шасси
    landing guidance system
    система управления посадкой
    landing heading
    посадочный курс
    landing headlight
    посадочная фара
    landing instruction
    информация по условиям посадки
    landing lights
    посадочные огни
    landing load
    посадочная нагрузка
    landing mass
    посадочная масса
    landing minima
    минимум для посадки
    landing noise
    шум при посадке
    landing off the aerodrome
    посадка вне аэродрома
    landing operation
    посадка
    landing pattern
    схема посадки
    landing performance
    посадочная характеристика
    landing procedure
    схема посадки
    landing request
    запрос на посадку
    landing roll
    послепосадочный пробег
    landing roll operation
    пробег
    landing run
    пробег при посадке
    landing runway
    ВПП, открытая только для посадок
    landing sequence
    очередность посадки
    landing sign
    посадочный знак
    landing site
    посадочная площадка
    (для вертолетов) landing speed
    посадочная скорость
    landing strip
    посадочная полоса
    (с грунтовым покрытием) landing sudden windshift
    внезапное изменение ветра при посадке
    landing system
    система посадки
    landing technique
    способ посадки
    landing tee
    посадочное Т
    landing transition segment
    участок перехода к этапу посадки
    landing turn
    разворот на посадку
    landing water run
    пробег при посадке на воду
    landing weight
    посадочная масса
    landing windshear
    сдвиг ветра при посадке
    land into the wind
    выполнять посадку против ветра
    land into wind
    совершать посадку против ветра
    land on water
    совершать посадку на воду
    land the aircraft
    приземлять воздушное судно
    land vertically
    совершать посадку вертикально
    lateral drift landing
    посадка с боковым сносом
    level landing
    посадка на две точки
    levered landing gear
    рычажное шасси
    lock the landing gear
    ставить шасси на замки
    lock the landing gear down
    ставить шасси на замок выпущенного положения
    lock the landing gear up
    ставить шасси на замок убранного положения
    lower the landing gear
    выпускать шасси
    low visibility landing
    посадка при ограниченной видимости
    main landing gear
    основная опора шасси
    main landing gear beam
    балка основной опоры шасси
    maximum permitted landing weight
    максимально допустимая посадочная масса
    minimum landing speed
    минимальная посадочная скорость
    night landing
    посадка в темное время суток
    nonretractable landing gear
    неубирающееся шасси
    nose landing gear
    передняя опора шасси
    nose landing gear door
    створка передней опоры шасси
    off-field landing
    посадка вне летного поля
    overshooting landing
    посадка с выкатыванием
    overweight landing
    посадка с превышением допустимой посадочной массы
    pancake landing
    посадка с парашютированием
    partial flap landing
    посадка с частично выпущенными закрылками
    pontoon equipped landing gear
    поплавковое шасси
    power-off autorotative landing
    посадка в режиме авторотации в выключенным двигателем
    power-on landing
    посадка с работающим двигателем
    precision landing
    точная посадка
    prematurely retracted landing gear
    преждевременно убранное шасси
    prepared landing area
    подготовленная посадочная площадка
    prepare for landing
    приготавливаться к посадке
    priority landing
    внеочередная посадка
    prohibition of landing
    запрещение посадки
    quadricycle landing gear
    четырехколесное шасси
    radar landing minima
    посадочный минимум при радиолокационном обеспечении
    radio-beacon landing system
    радиомаячная система посадки
    raise the landing gear
    убирать шасси
    rearward retracting landing gear
    шасси, убирающееся назад
    rebound landing
    посадка с повторным ударом после касания ВПП
    reduced takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно укороченного взлета и посадки
    release the landing gear
    снимать шасси с замков убранного положения
    release the landing gear lock
    снимать шасси с замка
    retractable landing gear
    убирающееся шасси
    retract the landing gear
    убирать шасси
    reverse-thrust landing
    посадка с использованием реверса тяги
    rough landing
    грубая посадка
    run from landing
    послепосадочный пробег
    running landing
    посадка по-самолетному
    run out the landing gear
    выпускать шасси
    safe landing
    безопасная посадка
    semilevered landing gear
    полурычажное шасси
    short landing
    посадка с коротким пробегом
    short takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно короткого взлета и посадки
    single-skid landing gear
    однополозковое шасси
    skid-equipped landing gear
    полозковое шасси
    ski-equipped landing gear
    лыжное шасси
    smooth landing
    плавная посадка
    speed in landing configuration
    скорость при посадочной
    (конфигурации воздушного судна) spot landing
    посадка на точность приземления
    stall landing
    посадка на критическом угле атаки
    steerable landing gear
    управляемое шасси
    straight-in landing
    посадка с прямой
    supplementary landing gear
    вспомогательное шасси
    tail-down landing
    посадка на хвост
    tailwheel landing gear
    шасси с хвостовой опорой
    take-off and landing characteristics
    взлетно-посадочные характеристики
    talk-down landing
    посадка по командам с земли
    test landing
    испытательная посадка
    three-point landing
    посадка на три точки
    touch-and-go landing
    посадка с немедленным взлетом после касания
    trend-type landing
    посадка с упреждением сноса
    tricycle landing gear
    трехопорное шасси
    two-point landing
    посадка на две точки
    unlatch the landing gear
    снимать шасси с замков
    unobstructed landing area
    зона приземления
    upwind landing
    посадка против ветра
    vertical landing
    вертикальная посадка
    vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
    воздушное судно вертикального взлета и посадки
    visual landing
    визуальная посадка
    visually judged landing
    визуальная посадка по наземным ориентирам
    water landing
    посадка на воду
    wheel landing gear
    колесное шасси
    wheels-down landing
    посадка с выпущенным шасси
    wheels-up landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    whilst landing
    при посадке
    wide-track landing gear
    ширококолейное шасси
    wind-assisted landing gear
    шасси с использованием скоростного напора
    wind landing gear
    крыльевая опора шасси
    zero-zero landing
    посадка при нулевой видимости

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > landing

  • 75 fairly

    adverb
    1) fair [kämpfen, spielen]; gerecht [bestrafen, beurteilen, behandeln]
    2) (tolerably, rather) ziemlich
    3) (completely) völlig

    it fairly took my breath away — es hat mir glatt (ugs.) den Atem verschlagen

    4) (actually) richtig
    5)

    fairly and squarely — (honestly) offen und ehrlich

    * * *
    1) (justly; honestly: fairly judged.) gerecht
    2) (quite or rather: The work was fairly hard.) ziemlich
    * * *
    fair·ly
    [ˈfeəli, AM ˈferli]
    1. inv (quite, rather) ziemlich, recht
    I saw her \fairly recently ich habe sie vor Kurzem [noch] gesehen
    to know sb \fairly well jdn recht gut kennen
    2. (justly) fair
    to allocate sth \fairly etw gerecht verteilen
    \fairly traded foodstuffs sozial verträglich hergestellt, aus fairem Handel nach n
    3. inv ( liter: actually) geradezu, förmlich geh
    the dog \fairly flew out of the door to greet him der Hund flog nahezu durch die Tür, um ihn zu begrüßen
    4.
    ▶ \fairly and squarely esp BRIT, AUS einzig und allein
    * * *
    ['fɛəlɪ]
    adv
    1) (= moderately) ziemlich

    fairly recently — erst kürzlich

    2) (= justly) treat gerecht, fair; (= justifiably) claim zu Recht; describe, blame gerechterweise; (= equally) share gerecht
    3) (= positively, really) geradezu
    * * *
    fairly adv
    1. ehrlich
    2. anständig(erweise)
    3. gerecht(erweise)
    4. ziemlich
    5. leidlich
    6. gänzlich, völlig
    7. geradezu, sozusagen
    8. klar, deutlich
    9. genau
    10. günstig
    * * *
    adverb
    1) fair [kämpfen, spielen]; gerecht [bestrafen, beurteilen, behandeln]
    2) (tolerably, rather) ziemlich
    3) (completely) völlig

    it fairly took my breath away — es hat mir glatt (ugs.) den Atem verschlagen

    4) (actually) richtig
    5)

    fairly and squarely — (honestly) offen und ehrlich

    * * *
    adj.
    ziemlich adj. adv.
    ordentlich adv.

    English-german dictionary > fairly

  • 76 history

    n
    история, историческая наука

    to consign smth to history — сдавать что-л. в архив истории

    to make history — делать / творить историю; входить в историю

    to make one's mark on history — оставлять след в истории

    to pass into history — уйти в историю (о событии, партии и т.п.)

    to reverse the course / the tide of history — поворачивать вспять колесо истории

    to write smth off to the dustbin of history — отправлять что-л. на свалку истории

    - black spots in history
    - contemporary history
    - course of history
    - current history of international relations
    - distortion of past history
    - glorious chapters of history
    - history is in the making
    - history of philosophy
    - history of social development
    - history repeats itself
    - human history
    - let history judge
    - life history
    - maker of history
    - mankind's history
    - march of history
    - modern history
    - moment of history
    - natural history
    - political history of a country
    - revaluation of country's history
    - stage of history
    - turning point in history
    - universal history
    - world history

    Politics english-russian dictionary > history

  • 77 work

    [wë:k] n.,v. -n 1. punë; start work, set to work filloj punën; set sb to work vë në punë dikë; a good piece of work punë e bërë mirë; good work! të lumtë! 2. punësim, punë; put/throw sb out of work nxjerr/heq/pushoj nga puna dikë; be looking for work kërkoj punë; she's off work today ajo e ka pushim sot. 3. vend i punës; zyrë; ndërmarrje; punë; on her way to work rrugës për në punë. 4. vepër, punë; the works of God punët e Zotit; be judged by one's works vlerësohem nga veprat. 5. art., let. vepër(artistike); punim; works of fiction vepra artistike; the complete works of Fan Noli veprat e plota të Fan Nolit. 6. pl., adm., usht. punime; fortifikime; road works punime për mirëmbajtje rrugësh; Ministry Of Works Ministria e Shërbimeve Komunale / e Punëve Botore. 7. pl. tek. mekanizëm. 8. pl. shih works. 9. qëndisje; punë me grep. vat work në punë; duke punuar; në veprim; give sb the works zhrg. a) e përpunoj mirë, e rregulloj paq dikë (me dru); b) i rrjep lëkurën, e qëroj, e vras; in the works gj.fol. në projekt; në pritje; lose the works i humbas të gjitha; make short work of heq qafe pa vonesë, nuk ia bëj të gjatë; out of work pa punë; i papunë; put in the works zhrg. i vë të gjitha (paratë) në lojë; the whole works e më the të thashë, e kallam kusuri.
    -vi. punoj; work hard punoj shumë; work on the car for two hours merrem dy ore me rregullimin e makinës; I'm working on it po vazhdoj të merrem me të (me problemin). 2. punon, funksionon (makina, plani etj); the plan worked like a charm plani funksionoi për mrekulli; that works both ways kjo është thikë me dy presa. 3. vepron (ilaçi, majaja). 4. shfrytëzoj, zhvilloj aktivitet (në një zonë). 5. vë në funksionim. 6. vë të punojnë, lodh; she's working herself too hard/to death ajo po i merr shpirtin vetes në punë. 7. punoj, mbruj (brumin). 8. bëj, arrij me përpjekje; work wonders bëj mrekullira; they worked their way through college ata punuan për të paguar studimet; can you work it so that... e rregullon dot që... 9. sforcohet (fytyra). 10. sjell, shkakton. 11. lëviz me mundim; manovroj; work the hook carefully out of the cloth e heq me kujdes grepin nga rroba; work one's way round towards sth/sb i afrohem dikujt /diçkaje pak nga pak. 12. bëhet; these shoes have worked loose këpucët janë zgjeruar/hapur shumë. 13. bind; ndikoj mbi. 14. zgjidh (një problem). 15. gj.fol. ia bëj mendjen dhallë. 16. vjen (brumi).
    ● work away ['wë:k ë'wei] punoj, e kaloj me punë
    ● work down ['wë:k daun] heq, ul (çorapet)
    ● work in ['wë:k in] a) futet (pluhuri etj); b) bashkëpunoj; c) bashkëvepron; funksionon: that'll work in quite well kjo do të shkojë për mrekulli; d) fus (një vidë); e) hedh me marifet (një fjalë)
    ● work off ['wë:k of] a) del, hiqet (doreza, dadoja); b) shlyej (borxhin); c) ul (peshën); d) fig. zbraz (inatin); shkarkoj (energjitë)
    ● work out ['wë:k aut] a) ecën; funksionon (plani); shkon mirë (martesa); b) zgjidhet (problemi); c) rezulton (shuma); d) stërvitem; e) zgjidh (ekuacionin); f) gjej përgjigjen); g) zbërthej; përpunoj (planin); h) shteroj, shfrytëzoj deri në fund; i) shfryj (inatin)
    ● workout ['wë:kaut] n. sport. seancë stërvitjeje
    ● work over ['wë:k 'ouvë:(r)] i jap dajak, shqep në dru
    ● work round ['wë:k raund] i shkoj anës; dua të dal
    ● work to rule ['wë:k tu: ru:l] nuk i kërkoj më shumë se ç'i takon (punëtorëve)
    ● work up ['wë:k ap] a) zhvillohet; b) përgatitet; c) kërkoj të arrij: what is he working up to? ku kërkon të dale ai? d) ngre (pantallonat, fundin); e) fig. ngre, ndërtoj; work one's way up to the top arrij të çaj/të ngrihem në nivelet drejtuese; f) shtyj, nxis: work the crowd up into a fury nxis zemërimin e njerëzve; don't get all worked up! mos u nxeh kaq shumë!
    ● workable ['wë:këbël] adj 1. i realizueshëm, i zbatueshëm (plan). 2. e shfrytëzueshme (minierë)
    ● workaday ['wë:këdei] adj 1. pune, për gjatë javës (veshje). 2. e zakonshme, e rëndomtë (ngjarje)
    ● workaholic [wë:kë'holik] adj. gj.fol. qen i punës, njeri që i merr shpirtin vetes
    ● workbag ['wë:kbæg] n. çantë veglash/pune
    ● workbench ['wë:kbenç] n. bankë/tavolinë pune
    ● workbook ['wë:kbuk] n 1. fletore ushtrimesh. 2. manual. 3. bllok shënimesh
    ● workbox ['wë:kboks] n. kuti veglash
    ● workcamp ['wë:kkæmp] n 1. kamp pune për të burgosurit. 2. kaniier pune (vullnetare)
    ● workday ['wë:kdei] n.,adj. -n. ditë pune./-adj. pune, për ditë jave (rroba)
    ● work desk ['wë:k desk] n. tryezë pune
    ● worker ['wë:kë:] n 1. punëtor. 2. punonjës; nëpunës; research worker punonjës shkencor
    ● worker ant/bee ['wë:kë: ænt/bi:] n. zool. punëtore, milingonë/bletë punëtore.
    ● worker director ['wë:kë: di'rektë] n. punëtor anëtar i këshillit drejtues
    ● worker participation ['wë:kë: pa:'tisipeishën] n. pjesëmarrje e punëtorëve në marrjen e vendimeve
    ● work experience ['wë:k ik'spiëriëns] n. përvojë pune, vjetërsi në punë
    ● work file ['wë:k fail] n. kmp. dosje/dokument pune
    ● workforce ['wë:kfo:s] n. fuqi punëtore
    ● workhorse ['wë:kho:s] n 1. kalë pune. 2. fig. qen i punës, kafshë pune. 3. fig. makinë me rendiment të lartë
    ● workhouse ['wë:khaus] n 1. Br. hist. shtëpi e të varfërve, shtëpi pune, strehë vorfnore. 2. amer. drejt. shtëpi korrektimi
    ● work-in ['wë:kin] n., ind. pushtim i ndërmarrjes nga punëtorët
    ● working ['wë:king] adj.,n. -adj 1. pune (rroba, ditë, drekë). 2. aktive, e punësuar (popullsi); punëtor; the working class klasa punëtore, punëtorët; the working classes proletariat!./-n 1. pl. mekanizëm; fig. funksionim; ingranazhe (të shtetit etj). 2. min. kantier shfrytëzimi. 3. punë; punim, funksionim. 4. fermentim. 5. shfrytëzim (toke, miniere). 6. përpunim (materialesh). 7. qepje; qëndisje.
    ● working capital ['wë:king 'kæpitël] n. fin. kapital aktiv
    ● working drawing ['wë:king 'dro:ing] n. tek. skicë pune
    ● working expenses ['wë:king ik'spens] n. shpenzime operacionale
    ● working hypothesis ['wë:king hai'pothisis] n. hipotezë pune
    ● workingman ['wë:kingmën] n. punëtor
    ● working party ['wë:king 'pa:ti] n. Br 1. grup pune. 2. komision hetimor. 3. usht. skuadër
    ● working stiff ['wë:king stif] n. zhrg. punëtor
    ● workingwoman ['wë:kingwumën] n. punëtore
    ● workload ['wë:kloud] n. ngarkesë pune
    ● workman ['wë:kmën] n. pl. workmen 1. punëtor. 2. mjeshtër, usta.
    ● a bad workman blames his tools ustai i keq ua hedh fajin veglave
    ● workmanlike ['wë:kmënlaik] adj 1. prej profesionisti (qëndrim). 2. mjeshtëror, prej ustai. 3. fig. serioze (për pjekje)
    ● workmanship [wë:kmënship] n 1. mjeshtri; art. 2. cilësi; of fine workmanship i cilësisë së lartë
    ● workmate ['wë:kmeit] n. shok pune
    ● workmen's compensation ['wë:kmens kompën'seishën] n. adm. pension invaliditeti/për paaftësi të përhershme për punë
    ● work of art ['wë:k ëv a:t] n 1. vepër arti. 2. punë prej mjeshtri
    ● workpeople ['wë:kpi:pël] n. Br. punëtori, njerëz të punës; punonjës
    ● work permit [wë:k pë:'mit] n. adm. lejë pune
    ● workplace ['wë:kpleis] n. vend i punës; ndërmarrje
    ● work prospects ['wë:k 'prospekts] n. perspektiva pune
    ● workroom ['wë:kru:m] n. dhomë pune; punishte e vogël (në shtëpi)
    ● work-rule ['wë:kru:l] vt. amer. u kërkoj (punëtorëve) brenda normave të punës
    ● works [wë:ks] n.pl 1. uzinë; steel works uzinë çeliku; price ex works fin. çmim i mallit në fabrikë. 2. impiant; stacion; water works stacion/impiant pastrimi uji
    ● workshop ['wë:kshop] n 1. punishte; repart. 2. mbledhje/takim pune
    ● workshy ['wë:kshai] adj. dembel, që ia përton punës
    ● work-study student n. amer. student i punësuar (nga universiteti)
    ● worktable ['wë:kteibël] n. tryezë/tavolinë pune
    ● workwoman ['ë:kwumën] n. punëtore
    ● work-worn ['wë:kwo:n] adj. i ngrënë nga përdorimi, i konsumuar nga puna
    * * *
    pune

    English-Albanian dictionary > work

  • 78 peer

    I [pɪə(r)]
    1) (equal) (in status, merit) pari m. e f.; (in profession) collega m. e f.
    2) (contemporary) coetaneo m. (-a)
    3) GB pol. (anche peer of the realm) pari m.
    II [pɪə(r)]

    to peer at — guardare attentamente, scrutare

    to peer shortsightedly at sth. — osservare qcs. con sguardo miope

    to peer through — sbirciare o fare capolino da

    * * *
    I [piə] noun
    1) (a nobleman (in Britain, one from the rank of baron upwards).)
    2) (a person's equal in rank, merit or age: The child was disliked by his peers; ( also adjective) He is more advanced than the rest of his peer group.)
    •
    - peeress
    - peerless     II [piə] verb
    (to look with difficulty: He peered at the small writing.)
    * * *
    I [pɪə(r)] n
    (noble) pari m inv, (equal) pari m/f inv, uguale m/f
    II [pɪə(r)] vi
    * * *
    peer /pɪə(r)/
    n.
    1 pari; uguale; persona di pari condizione sociale, grado, ecc.: the right to be judged by one's peers, il diritto d'essere giudicato dai propri pari
    3 Pari (d' Inghilterra, di Scozia o d' Irlanda); Lord; nobile ( di un'altra nazione): the Peers of the Realm, i Pari del Regno; hereditary peers, pari (d'Inghilterra) per diritto ereditario
    ● peer group, gruppo di persone della stessa classe, età, ecc. □ (psic.) peer-group pressure, pressione esercitata dai coetanei (dalla gente di pari condizione, ecc.) □ peer review, revisione fatta da ricercatori indipendenti; referaggio □ (comput., Internet) peer-to-peer ► peer-to-peer.
    ♦ (to) peer /pɪə(r)/
    v. i.
    1 guardar da presso; sbirciare; scrutare: to peer into a dark cave, guardare dentro una caverna buia; to peer at sb., sbirciare q.; scrutare q.
    2 apparire a poco a poco; far capolino; spuntare.
    * * *
    I [pɪə(r)]
    1) (equal) (in status, merit) pari m. e f.; (in profession) collega m. e f.
    2) (contemporary) coetaneo m. (-a)
    3) GB pol. (anche peer of the realm) pari m.
    II [pɪə(r)]

    to peer at — guardare attentamente, scrutare

    to peer shortsightedly at sth. — osservare qcs. con sguardo miope

    to peer through — sbirciare o fare capolino da

    English-Italian dictionary > peer

  • 79 peer

    I noun
    1) (Brit.): (member of nobility)

    peer [of the realm] — Peer, der

    2) (equal in standing) Gleichgestellte, der/die
    II intransitive verb
    (look searchingly) forschend schauen; (look with difficulty) angestrengt schauen

    peer at something/somebody — (searchingly) [sich (Dat.)] etwas genau ansehen/jemanden forschend od. prüfend ansehen; (with difficulty) [sich (Dat.)] etwas angestrengt ansehen/jemanden angestrengt ansehen

    peer into the distance — in die Ferne spähen

    * * *
    I [piə] noun
    1) (a nobleman (in Britain, one from the rank of baron upwards).) Angehörige(r) des britischen Hochadels
    2) (a person's equal in rank, merit or age: The child was disliked by his peers; ( also adjective) He is more advanced than the rest of his peer group.) der/die Ebenbürtige; ebenbürtig
    •
    - academic.ru/54294/peerage">peerage
    - peeress
    - peerless     II [piə] verb
    (to look with difficulty: He peered at the small writing.) sich genau begucken
    * * *
    peer1
    [pɪəʳ, AM pɪr]
    vi (look closely) spähen
    to \peer into the distance in die Ferne starren
    to \peer over one's glasses über die Brille schauen
    to \peer over sb's shoulder jdm über die Schulter gucken [o ÖSTERR schauen]
    ▪ to \peer through sth durch etw akk spähen
    peer2
    [pɪəʳ, AM pɪr]
    n
    1. (equal) Gegenstück nt, Counterpart nt
    to have few \peers zu den Besten gehören
    to have no \peers unvergleichlich sein
    to be liked by one's \peers unter seinesgleichen beliebt sein
    2. LAW
    to be tried [or judged] by a jury of one's \peers von seinesgleichen gerichtet werden
    3. BRIT (noble) Angehöriger m des britischen Hochadels; POL Peer m
    life \peer Peer m auf Lebenszeit
    \peer of the realm Peer m mit ererbtem Sitz im Oberhaus
    4. COMPUT Peer m
    * * *
    I [pɪə(r)]
    n
    1) (= noble) Peer m
    2) (= equal) Gleichrangige(r) mf, Peer m (spec)

    he was well-liked by his peers —

    as a musician he has no peer or is without peer — als Musiker sucht er seinesgleichen

    II
    vi
    starren; (short-sightedly, inquiringly) schielen

    to peer ( hard) at sb — jdn anstarren/anschielen

    the driver peered through the fog —

    if you peer through the mist you can just see... — wenn es dir gelingt, im Nebel etwas zu erkennen, kannst du gerade noch... sehen

    * * *
    peer1 [pıə(r)] v/i
    1. angestrengt schauen, starren ( beide:
    into in akk):
    peer at (sich) jemanden od etwas genau ansehen oder begucken, jemanden od etwas anstarren
    2. poet sich zeigen, erscheinen, zum Vorschein kommen
    3. hervorgucken, -lugen
    peer2 [pıə(r)]
    A s
    1. Gleiche(r) m/f(m), Ebenbürtige(r) m/f(m), Gleichrangige(r) m/f(m):
    without a peer ohnegleichen, unvergleichlich;
    he associates with his peers er gesellt sich zu seinesgleichen;
    in song he has no peer im Singen kommt ihm keiner gleich;
    be the peer(s) of den Vergleich aushalten mit;
    peer group PSYCH, SOZIOL Peer-Group f (Bezugsgruppe eines Individuums, die aus Personen gleichen Alters, gleicher od ähnlicher Interessenlage und ähnlicher sozialer Herkunft besteht und es in Bezug auf Handeln und Urteilen stark beeinflusst);
    peer pressure PSYCH, SOZIOL (von Gleichaltrigen etc ausgeübter) Erwartungsdruck
    B v/t gleichkommen (dat)
    * * *
    I noun
    1) (Brit.): (member of nobility)

    peer [of the realm] — Peer, der

    2) (equal in standing) Gleichgestellte, der/die
    II intransitive verb
    (look searchingly) forschend schauen; (look with difficulty) angestrengt schauen

    peer at something/somebody — (searchingly) [sich (Dat.)] etwas genau ansehen/jemanden forschend od. prüfend ansehen; (with difficulty) [sich (Dat.)] etwas angestrengt ansehen/jemanden angestrengt ansehen

    * * *
    v.
    schielen v.
    starren v.

    English-german dictionary > peer

  • 80 finely

    finely [ˈfaɪnlɪ]
       a. [crafted, carved] finement
       b. ( = not coarsely) [chop] menu ; [slice] en tranches fines ; [grate] fin
    * * *
    ['faɪnlɪ]
    1) ( not coarsely) [chopped, grated] finement
    2) ( carefully) [balanced, judged] soigneusement
    3) ( very well) [written, painted, executed] splendidement

    English-French dictionary > finely

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